2011年职称英语真题综合类C级原文及译文
2011年职称英语真题综合类C级完形填空原文及译文
Why People Use Pseudonyms?You can’t choose the name you are given at birth,but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood.Of course,most people never change their names even if(51)they feel unhappy about them.However,some people do take(52)this course of action—particularly artists!What makes an artist want to change their name?Sometimes it’s for purely personal(53)reasons,such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile,Neftalii Reyes.He didn’t want his father to know(54)he was writing poetry,so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man.At(55)other times the reason may appear strange;take the case of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa,who(56)wrote under75different names.The reason?“When I use a different name,I always write in a different way,”he explained.In most cases,however(57), people change their names for social,historical,political,or cultural reasons.Here are some of the most common(58).The person’s real name is just too(59)long and difficult to remember.Let’s be honest,Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as easy(60)to remember as just plain“Madonna”.And shortnames are much easier to remember:William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.Sometimes names are changed for marketing purposes(61). For example,if a name sounds too“foreign”,it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a market(62).So in the film world,Ramon Estevez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or maybe the artist’s real name doesn’t sound very attractive—Chad Everett does sound(63)a lot better than Raymond Cramton.Artists sometimes choose(64)the name of someone they admire.Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet,Dylan Thomas.Another reason may be practicality：in the past,women found it very difficult to get published.To avoid(65)this situation, they sometimes gave themselves men’s names.So the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot,and she did get her books published!译文：为什么人们用假名我们没法选择出生时的名字，但是在很多国家人们可以在成年后改名。
2011年职称英语真题综合类C级概括大意原文及译文
Operatunity1Operatunity is a TV talent show for amateur opera singers.The winners get the chance to sing with the English National Opera.When two housewives,Denise Leigh and Jane Gilchrist won in2002,their lives changed forever.As they sang Verdi’s Rigoletto at the Coliseum（音乐厅）in Rome,they were transformed from working mothers into opera celebrities（名人）.2“I live in the village I was born in,”says Denise, who is blind.“Lots of my neighbours are family,and my life is all about my three children.”Jane,who worked as a cleaner and a shop assistant,was in a similar situation.She says,“All I had to look forward to was seeing my four children grow up,and I love that,but...you think‘there must be more to life’.Winning Operatunity has opened up avenues I never knew existed.”3“This last year has been amazing,”Denise continues.“Last month was Paris,before that we were recording at Abbey Road,in London,and recently we had our album launch at theRoyal Opera House.”“We’ve been treated like princesses,”laughs Jane.“…champagne,chocolates,five-star hotels…”4But it wasn’t all so easy.For Denise,the worst part was waiting at the beginning.“After I’d sent in my application form I worried for a month.Then I had to wait ten days after my first audition（试唱）.That was awful.”Even when they won the competition they were allowed to tell their close family but they weren’t allowed to tell anyone else until later.Denise and Jane also found the travelling difficult. They couldn’t take their children with them while they were away singing so they had to organise childcare.However, there’s been no problem with the physical side of singing:“We didn’t have to worry about that as we’ve had lots of help and wonderful voice training,”says Jane.They also had to learn to deal with the media.“The kids loved the fact that they could stay up and watch us on TV,but I just couldn’t understand why some newspapers were more interested in the fact I divorced at 21,rather than the fact I had just sung at the Coliseum,”says Denise.译文：OperatunityOperatunity是面向业余歌剧歌手的电视才艺比赛。
职称英语卫生类C级真题2011年
职称英语卫生类C级真题2011年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.∙ A. offered∙ B. investigated∙ C. included∙ D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 划线词的词义是“调查，研究”。
A项offer意为提供。
例句：If she was offered the jot)，she’d take it．如果给她这个工作，她会接受的。
B项investigate意为调查，研究。
例句：The police are investigating the murder．警察正在调查这桩谋杀案。
C项include意为包括。
例句：The bill came to $ 467，tax included．账单计467美元，含税。
D项accept意为接受。
例句：I accepted it cheerily．我高兴地接受了。
很明显B项正确。
2.His shoes were shined to perfection.∙ A. cleared∙ B. washed∙ C. polished∙ D. mended（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 划线词shine(vt.)的词义是“使发光，使发亮；擦亮(皮鞋等)”。
A项clear意为澄清；扫除。
例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life．每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。
B项wash意为洗。
例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag?我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋吗? C项polish意为擦亮；抛光。
2011年职称英语等级考试理工类C级真题阅读文章翻译
2011年职称英语等级考试理工类C级真题阅读文章翻译职称英语备考真题2011年职称英语等级考试真题（理工类C级）真题阅读文章翻译第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere’s no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small—you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.Tha t’s going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren’t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.That’s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.湖泊也感受到了全球变暖职称英语备考真题毫无疑问，在过去的几十年里，地球的平均温度要比几百年前的高。
2011年职称英语等级考试卫生类C级真题阅读文章翻译_2015年职称英语真题备考
职称英语备考真题2011年职称英语等级考试真题（卫生类C级）2015年职称英语真题备考学派网职称英语团队原创翻译0第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?What happens if you don’t get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. That’s eleven days and nights without sleep!What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry（模糊）. By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating（产生幻觉）. For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagined he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardner’s speech became so slurred（不清楚）that people couldn’t understand him. He also had troubl e remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn’t pass a counting test. In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting. He couldn’t remember what he was doing.When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second night he slept for twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.Even though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can be danger ous. They say that people should not repeat Randy’s experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur（皮毛）. And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lost weight. Eventually the rats died.During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why? What is the purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don’t know for sure. Some scientists think we sleep in order to replenish（补充）brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know that it is important to get enough sleep.职称英语备考真题如果你的睡眠不充足会发生什么？美国一名叫Randy Gardner的高中生想找出答案。
2011年职称英语综合类C级考试试题(word完整版)
2011年职称英语综合类C级考试试题(word完整版)DmoreA, change B. prepareC. cookD. choose6.Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.A. hard C. shortB. good D. long7. The book took ten years of thorough researchA. basicB. careful.C, social D. major8. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A. efforB. problemC. influenceD. Concern9.Eventually, she got a job and moved to LondonA. CertainlyB. LuckilyC. NaturallyD. Finally10.The love of money is the root of'all evilA. resultB. endC. causeD. Force11.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conferenceA. offeredB. investigatedC. includedD. accepted.12. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order13.A number of theor.ies have been proposed to explain the situationA. suggestedB. testedC. usedD. announced14.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A．reduced B. turnedC．moved D. reformed15.Things have changed a lot since I was a childA. graduatlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. greatly第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2011年职称英语真题综合类C级阅读理解原文及译文
How to Be a Successful BusinesspersonHave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not?Here’s a story about one successful businessperson.He started out washing dishes and today he owns168restaurants.Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal,a small town in southwest India.His dream was to be an airplane pilot,and when he was 16years old,he learned to fly a small plane.At the age of23and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr.Kazi moved to the United States.He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California.Instead,he ended up working for a company that rented cars.While Mr.Kazi was working at the car rental（租赁的）company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant.To save money on food,he decided to get a job with KFC.For two months,he worked as a cook’s assistant.His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook.“I didn’t like it,”Mr.Kazi says,“but I always did the best I could.”One day,Mr.Kazi’s two coworkers failed to come to work. That day,Mr.Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen.This really impressed the owners of the restaurant.A few months later,the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant.They gave the job to Mr.Kazi.He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.A few years later,Mr.Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money.The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible.Mr.Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant.For the first six months,Mr.Kazi worked in the restaurant from8a.m.to10p.m.seven days a week.He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant,remodeled the front of the building,and improved the cooking.They also tried hard to please the customers.If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food,Mrs.Kazi gave them a free soda.Before long the restaurant was making a profit.A year later,Mr.Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he eared,he bought three more restaurants that were losing money.Again,he cleaned them up,improved the food,and retrained the employees.Before long these restaurants were making a profit,too.Today Mr.Kazi owns168restaurants,but he isn’t planning to stop there.He’s looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy,“I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it’s a mess,”Mr.Kazi says.“The only way it can go is up.”译文：如何成为一个成功的商人你有没有想知道为什么有些人做生意成功而有些人不行呢？这里有一个故事，是关于一个成功商人的。
2011年全国职称英语综合C级真题答案.
2011年全国职称英语综合C级真题和答案第1部分：词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．B【解析】题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。
划线词shine(vt．)的词义是“使发光，使发亮；擦亮(皮鞋等)”。
A项clear意为澄清；扫除；例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life．每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。
B项polish意为擦亮；抛光；例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上滑过来滑过去。
C项wash意为洗；例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag? 我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋么?D项mend意为修补。
例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron．我们要请电工修理一下熨斗。
很明显B项正确。
2．D【解析】题意：在危急关头可以依赖于她。
划线词rely on的词义是“依靠，依赖”。
A项look after意为照看；例句：Are you being well looked after?大家对你照顾得好吗?B项believe in意为相信；例句：We all believed in her prediction．我们都相信她的预言。
C项turn on意为打开；例句：We troubled him to turn on the light．我们麻烦他打开电灯。
D项depend on意为依赖，信任。
例句：More importantly，can he be depended on?更重要的是，可以依靠他吗?很明显D项正确。
3。
A【解析】题意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。
划线词confess是及物动词(vt．)。
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Travel Across AfricaFor six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa.Just rocks and sand and baking sun.Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done.He used a camera.I used words.I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I’d bought in a market in Mozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories.And visions.We were almost drunk on sensations.The roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls,the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room a kilometre from clean water.As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us.The road was empty—we hadn’t seen another car for hours. And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving closeenough to touch them,to smell their hot breath.I didn’t know how long they had been there next to us.I shouted to Dan:“Look!”but he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet.They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape.When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.“Wild horses?”he said.“Why didn’t you wake me up, Sophia?”“I tried.But they were gone after a few seconds.”“Are you sure you didn’t dream it?”“You were the one who was sleeping!”“Typical,”he said.“The best photos are the ones we never take.”We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.译文：非洲之旅我们在南非台地高原荒芜的沙漠穿行了六个小时。
只有石头，沙子以及烘烤的太阳。
知道我们的旅行即将结束，丹尼尔和我只是想把我们看到的以及做过的事情都记住。
他用相机，我用文字。
我已经写了三本笔记，已经开始写第四本，第四本是我在莫桑比克市场买的精美的皮革笔记本。
非洲南部充满了故事以及风景。
我们几乎沉醉在各种情境中。
维多利亚瀑布咆哮的水流，位于博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈三角洲让人难以置信的宁静。
然后还有其他的一些：街上的狗，索维托地区一大家人挤在离干净水源一千米的屋里。
我们开车往太阳下山的位置行驶的时候，一种宁静笼罩着我们。
路是空的——我们连着几个小时一辆车都没见到。
正当我开车的时候，我看到了什么，它们离的很近，几乎可以摸到，也可以闻到它们热乎乎的呼吸。
我不知道它们这样跟我们近距离挨着有多久了。
我对丹大喊，“快看！”。
但是他睡得很沉，他的相机在他的脚下，也没法用。
它们和汽车赛跑了几秒钟，然后消失在我们身后，给我在这片红色的土地上留下了英勇身影的记忆。
一个小时后丹尼尔醒了，我告诉他发生了什么。
“野马？”他问道，“索菲，你为什么不叫醒我？”“我叫了，但是它们几秒钟就消失了。
”“你确定你不是在做梦？”“是你在睡觉好不好！”“这是典型的例子”，他说，“最好的照片就是那些我们没照到的照片。
”我们住进了一家满是灰尘的旅馆，睡得很死。
Operatunity1Operatunity is a TV talent show for amateur opera singers.The winners get the chance to sing with the English National Opera.When two housewives,Denise Leigh and Jane Gilchrist won in2002,their lives changed forever.As they sang Verdi’s Rigoletto at the Coliseum（音乐厅）in Rome,they were transformed from working mothers into opera celebrities（名人）.2“I live in the village I was born in,”says Denise, who is blind.“Lots of my neighbours are family,and my life is all about my three children.”Jane,who worked as a cleaner and a shop assistant,was in a similar situation.She says,“All I had to look forward to was seeing my four children grow up,and I love that,but...you think‘there must be more to life’.Winning Operatunity has opened up avenues I never knew existed.”3“This last year has been amazing,”Denise continues.“Last month was Paris,before that we were recording at Abbey Road,in London,and recently we had our album launch at the Royal Opera House.”“We’ve been treated like princesses,”laughs Jane.“…champagne,chocolates,five-star hotels…”4But it wasn’t all so easy.For Denise,the worst part was waiting at the beginning.“After I’d sent in my application form I worried for a month.Then I had to wait ten days after my first audition（试唱）.That was awful.”Even when they won the competition they were allowed to tell their close family but they weren’t allowed to tell anyone else until later.Denise and Jane also found the travelling difficult. They couldn’t take their children with them while they were away singing so they had to organise childcare.However, there’s been no problem with the physical side of singing:“We didn’t have to worry about that as we’ve had lots of help and wonderful voice training,”says Jane.They also had to learn to deal with the media.“The kids loved the fact that they could stay up and watch us on TV,but I just couldn’t understand why some newspapers were more interested in the fact I divorced at 21,rather than the fact I had just sung at the Coliseum,”says Denise.译文：OperatunityOperatunity是面向业余歌剧歌手的电视才艺比赛。
获奖者有机会和英国国家歌剧院一起演唱。
当Denise Leigh和Jane Gilchrist 这两位家庭主妇在2002年获奖之后，她们的生活因此永远改变。
“我生活在我出生的城市”Denise说道，她是个盲人。
“我的很多邻居都是家人，我的整个生活也是关于我的三个孩子”。
Jane，是一位清洁工和店员，情形跟Denise类似。
Jane说道，“我所期待的就是看着我的四个孩子长大，我喜欢这样，但是…你还是会想‘生活应该还有更多东西’”。
赢得Operatunity这个比赛为我开启了之前从来不知道的道路。