2018-2019学年牛津英语沪教版中考英语语法专题复习 名词

牛津英语沪教版中考英语语法专题复习

词类一名词

一、定义

名词，顾名思义，是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词。

二、名词的分类

名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词；可数名词可以用数字来进行计算；分为名词单数与名词复数；不可数名词就不能用数字进行计算。

三、可数名词的单复数

1. turn green in spring.

a.leaf

b. leave c, leaves d, leafs

2．are very useful to pupils.

a. radio

b. radios

c. radioes

d. a radio

3. Many ___ __ are playing on the playground.

a. boyes

b. boys

c. a boy

d. boies

2.名词复数的不规则变化★难点

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth goose--geese mouse---mice man---men

注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的复合词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women 如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。

由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都要变复数

例：woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)

2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，yuan，等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎，千米，英里，米等都有复数形式。如：ten dollars, five pounds, two dollars, two meters, three miles

练习：Three _______ are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain.

A. sheeps

B. sheep

C. sheepes

D. ships

3）表示某国人：

单复数同形：Chinese-- Chinese Japanese--Japanese

变man为men：Englishman-- Englishmen Frenchman-- Frenchmen

在词尾加s：German--Germans American--Americans

4）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实际上为复数★难点

1. people police cattle family 等本身就是复数，不能用a/an修饰，其谓语动词应用复数。

注意：people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。family的复数形式families指“多个家庭”。

错：a people，a police 对：a person，a policeman

例：1. There are five________(people ) in his family.

2. It's nine o'clock now. My family _______(be) watching TV.

5）有些以s结尾，以单复形式出现，但实为单数的名词，如：★难点

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词，不能说a news, 可借助量词，a piece of news

C. Manners: 礼貌，礼节，为不可数名词；其单数形式manner译为：方式，方法。

6）表示由两部分构成的东西，常以复数形式的名词

trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤glasses眼镜，

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）;

a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers, three pieces of bread.

7) 名词作定语时，不用复数形式，但man/woman做定语修饰另一个名词时，两个名词都用复数形式。★难点

例：apple tree--apple trees book shop--book shops

woman doctor--women doctors

可数名词：课堂作业

一、用所给的名词的适当形式填空

1 Look! There are a lot of _________ (leaf) on the groud

2 There are many ________(people) in the room.

3 People wear shoes on their ___________(foot)

4 There are some __________(dumpling) on the plate

5 Those ________ (child) are playing football outside

6 There are some _______ (sheep) in the field

7. There is some________(food) in the basket.

8. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

9. Let's take________(photo), OK?

10. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

11. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

12. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

13. Their________(dictionary) look new

14．There are two________ over there．（watch）

15．l can see a _________and two _______ standing there．（man，woman）

16．There are two baskets of__________ on the floor．（apple）

17．How many _________can you see？（radio）

18．Look at those_________．（child）

19. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

20 The cat is chasing two________(mouse).

单选

1. –Two ______ died in the accident.

–_______ terrible it is!

A. policemen; How

B. policeman; What

C. police; What

D. policemans; How

2. – Near Our school there are two ______.

A. shoes shops

B. shoes shop

C. shoe shops.

3. The ______are looking for a little girl.

A. policeman

B. police policemans

4. ---What is your favorite _____?

---Mid-autumn Day. I can eat a lot of moon-cakes.

A. season

B. weather

C. festival

D. month

5. Could you take _____ for these _____? They are very beautiful.

A. any photos; tomatoes

B. some photos; tomatoes

C. some photos; tomatos

D. any photoes; tomatoes

6. My brother likes chemistry of all the _____.

A. vegetables

B. subjects

C. fruits

D. drinks

7. Look! Those three _____ are talking with three _____.

A. Englishmen; Germen

B. Englishmans; Germans