北京外国语大学考博英语题型分析
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate MyLife,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking likethe suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completelyfulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding thatchildren make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests weneed to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as somethingthat can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider beinghappy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-dayexperience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writesthat“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can laterbe sources of intense gratification and delight.”（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)毫无疑问，Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了她的独到见解，“我爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们的谈兴。
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)教学提纲
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning.Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there.Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up".2Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were along time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon's breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon's moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true. Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don't happen just anywhere. 4 Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know.There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple. 5One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.[A]Othervolcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.[B]Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out.[C]Smokepuffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground.[D]Avolcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities.[E]Beforea sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely.[F]Avolcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot meltedrock, or lava, is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out.[G]Thereare certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.答案及详解1.B。
北京语言大学英美文学考博指导与分析-育明考博
北京语言大学英美文学考博指导与分析一、北京语言大学考博资讯北京语言大学的英美文学专业的考博考生每年还是比较多的，报录比大约在1:13左右，竞争相当激烈，除了一些境内与境外硕博连读的考生外，普通招考的考生较少，许多考生由于外语成绩不达标而最终不予被录取，主要原因是对外语的要求比较高。
许多院校的博士研究生入学英语考试已经不考听力了，但北京语言大学的考博英语不仅有听力而且考察要求还比较高，所占分值就有15分。
同时，专业课方面的角逐也非常明显，每年有很多考生因为专业课总成绩未能上线导致落榜的比比皆是，建议报考北京语言大学英美文学专业的考生结合我们育明考博提供的信息和帮助提前做好复习备考准备。
（一）博士研究生导师：宁一中、王雅华。
（二）考试科目1.宁一中导师的考生须考：（1）1022二外日语或1023二外俄语或1024二外法语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语（100%）。
（2）2031英美文学史（100%）。
（3）3077当代西方文论（100%）。
2.王雅华导师的考生须考：（1）1024二外法语或1022二外日语或1023二外俄语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语（100%）。
（2）2031英美文学史（100%）。
（3）3078西方文学理论与文学批评实践（100%）。
（三）专业课指定参考书目北京语言大学的这个专业不指定参考书目，大家在平时的复习和备考过程中应该密切关注出题老师最新的学术研究动态，并且要对往年的专业课真题进行深入细致的系统分析和研究，另外还要搜集出题老师上课使用的课件、讲义、笔记等资料。
二、北京语言大学考博英语题型Part1.听力，15分，30小题。
Part2.完形填空，10分，20小题。
Part3.词汇，10分，20小题。
Part4.阅读，30分，20小题。
Part5.翻译，15分，英译汉+汉译英。
Part6.写作，20分，300-400词。
三、北京语言大学考博英语参考书“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的最权威的复习资料。
北外考博辅导班：2019北外英语学院考博难度解析及经验分享
北外考博辅导班：2019北外英语学院考博难度解析及经验分享北京外国语大学（以下简称“北外”）是首批双一流学科建设高校。
其前身是1941年成立于延安的抗日军政大学三分校俄文大队，距今已有77年办学历史，是我国办学历史最悠久、规模最大、开设语种最多的外国语大学。
经过几十年的创业与奋斗、几代人的不懈努力，北外目前已发展成为一所多语种、多学科、多层次，以培养高质量、创新型一流外语人才及外语类复合型优秀拔尖人才为目标的国际一流外国语大学。
下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京外国语大学英语学院考博相关内容。
一、院系简介北京外国语大学英语学院是目前全国范围内顶尖的学院。
拥有全国最早的两个英语语言文学博士学位点之一和英语语言文学国家重点学科，是北京市特色学科建设点。
英语学院下设英语系和翻译系，并设有十一个研究中心，以全人教育、跨文化取向、创造性学习和跨学科课程设置为特色和优势。
在半个多世纪的办学历史上，英语学院为国家培养了一大批驻外大使和高级外交官，为国内兄弟院校输送了一大批教学与学术领军人物，为中国改革开放与对外交流做出了突出贡献。
同时，优秀的校友也促进了学院的发展。
英语学院与10多所英语国家知名大学相关院系确立了全方位的合作关系；建立了本科生、研究生短期留学和夏令营机制；并推出了本、硕、博三层次的对外合作办学。
英语学院设立了计算机辅助翻译教室和同声传译教室。
同时配备了先进的计算机辅助翻译软件。
具有多间多媒体教室，每个教室都配备了投影仪。
毗邻图书馆，馆藏资源丰富，有很多的英文原版书籍。
附近交通发达，与民族大学、国家图书馆距离很近。
学院环境优美。
外研社、中国日报、英语世界、传神公司、同文世纪翻译、思必锐翻译公司作为学生的实习基地，为学生与社会之间的联系搭建良好的平台。
学生就业率及就业质量较高。
毕业生在外交、外事、国际经贸、对外文化交流、国际传播、英语教育等领域具有竞争优势和可持续发展的潜力；也可以顺利进入英语专业乃至所有相关人文社科领域进一步深造。
北京外国语大学基础英语题型对比与分析
北鼎教育，专注北外考研及全国外语专业考研辅导！北京外国语大学“基础英语”题型对比与分析北京外国语大学的英语学术硕士涵盖在高级翻译学院（中英同声传译专业）、英语学院（英语语言文学及翻译学专业）、外国文学所以及中国外语研究中心。
这几种学术硕士都要考基础英语，不过它们的基础英语不尽相同。
英语学院、高翻院和外文所的基础英语都是代号为611的英语基础测试（技能）；外研中心考的科目是代号为614的英语基础（外研中心）。
611英语基础测试（技能）适用院所：外国文学所、高级翻译学院、英语学院题型：三道大题：改错、阅读和翻译分值：150分基础英语虽然固定三道大题，不过在2017年12月的考研中题型的分数出现了些变化。
改错一直都是30分，阅读最开始是80分，共20道小题，但是18年研究生入学考试的基础英语阅读部分降低到60分，而翻译部分从40分增加到60分。
基础英语的各类篇章文学性非常强，阅读的部分文章选自外刊，具有一定难度。
因为基英每道小题的分数非常高，3分一个的小题决定同学的分数档次。
北外进入复试不仅要过国家线，还划分专业课分数线。
多扣一个三分很有可能就没过专业课的线。
大家一定要非常重视客观题。
614英语基础（外研中心）适用院所：外研中心题型：很多，不过一般以段落或者句子填空、任务型阅读以及写作为主分值：150分外研中心的基础英语相比611基础英语难度大得多。
首先，外研中心的基础英语选择的文章基本和语言学紧密相关，专业性极强，如对内容不熟悉，做题相当困难。
第二，外研中心基础英语的句子填空题不给提示的线索，阅读还出现了非常专业的名词翻译或解释。
最能拉开差距的是篇章七选六或六选五题目，因为这种题一般同学要是错的话至少错2个。
而且，每个题的分值非常高，高达4分！写作题也体现了极强的学科特点。
所以，复习外研中心的基础英语，同学们不仅要打牢英语基础，而且还要好好阅读语言学的经典著作。
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解In the early days of sea travel,seamen on long voyages livedexclusively on salted meat and biscuits.Many of them died of scurvy,a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums,livid white spotson the flesh and general exhaustion.On one occasion,in1535,anEnglish ship arrived in Newfound-land with its crew desperately ill.The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi vegetable leavesto eat.Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused bysome lack in the sailors’diet and Captain Cook,on his long voyagesof discovery to Australia and New Zealand,established the fact thatscurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for thesailors.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothingharmful may yet result in serious disease if certain importantelements are missing.These elements are called“vitamins”.Quitea number of such substances are known and they are given letters toidentify them,A,B,C,D,and so on.Different diseases are associatedwith deficiencies of particular vitamins.Even a slight lack ofVitamin C,for example,the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit andvegetable,is thought to increase significantly our susceptibilityto colds and influenza.The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet,including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet,say during extended periods of religious fasting,or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may suffer from‘beriberi’,which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice.In the early years of this century, a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi.At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ.He was working in a Japanese hospital,where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain.It was thought this would be easier for weak,sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard,which were fed on scraps from the patients’plates,were also showing signs of the disease.He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease,but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official,who decreed that the huskless polished rice,even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens.It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap,coarse rice with the outer covering still on the grain.Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that a lack of some ingredientin the husk might be the cause of the disease.Indeed this was the case.The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B.The milled rice,though more expansive,was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure.Nowadays,this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.(553words)36.From the passage,what can we learn about Captain Cook?A.He provided clothes for his sailors to avoid scurvy.B.He provided money for his sailors to avoid scurvy.C.He provided fresh fruit for his sailors to avoid scurvy.D.He provided blood for his sailors to avoid scurvy.37.The word‘beriberi’(in paragraph3)probably means_______.A.a germB.a natural phenomenonC.an epidemicD.a disease38.In the last paragraph,what does sentence“Indeed this was the case”mean?A.ReallyB.TrueC.FalseD.Eijkman’s considering was proved correct.39.Vitamin B can be got in—-A.riceB.rice husksC.noodleD.grain40.From the context,what do you think“perpetuating”means?A.deadB.happyC.keep freshD.keep aliveText836.C.Captain Cook在长途航行中由于为水手们提供了新鲜的水果以防止坏血病(scurvy)。
2010年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析
２０１０年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple—so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind “Guitar Hero” and “World of Warcraft”, Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: s i jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ）Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted “World of Warcraft”, and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal—the biggest ever in the video-games industry—says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and “casual” games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. “World of Warcraft”is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. “World of Warcraft” is really “a social network with many entertainment components,” says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is “the most powerful trend” building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of “Guitar Hero” for Asian markets. Online music games such as “Audition Online”, which started in South Korea, are “massive in Asia,” says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns UniversalMusic, one of the “big four” record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created “Guitar Hero”. It has been promoting its new game, “Rock Band”, using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as “Laguna Beach” and “Pimp My Ride”. Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the “Lego Star Wars” games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] it is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] it would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with “World of Warcraft”.[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.3. The word “lucrative” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____[A] profitable.[B] luxurious.[C] entertaining.[D] populous.4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger.篇章剖析：本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的“联姻”。
北京大学考博英语试题结构分析及考核要点
北京大学考博英语试题结构分析及考核要点北京大学考博英语的测试时间为3个小时，试卷分为听力（outline和spot dictation）、词汇、阅读、完型（有时无选项）、改错（无选项）、作文六个部分。
华慧老师根据近几年来的真题进行了分析，并列表如下：考核要求：除医学考博英语外，其他专业的考博英语由全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，其中北京大学的考博英语对考生的具体要求如下：词汇方面，需要考生掌握8000~10000单词，900常用动词短语。
当然，一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。
长期关注和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。
事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的，考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇，而是阅读、翻译、写作能力。
所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。
有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表，但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。
英语说到底还是个水平问题。
语法方面，北京大学考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。
这也不怎么花费时间。
阅读方面，能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论，比如经济人网；能分析上蔟体裁文章的思想观点。
能在6分钟内速度600字左右的文章，并掌握文章的主旨和大意，理解事实和细节。
写作方面，一般都是命题作文，即给定题目写一篇300词左右的议论文。
但北京大学也出现过主观提纲作文，这类命题形式可能还会采用。
作文应当认真准备。
这是容易得分也容易失分的项目。
要求考生写作速度为50分钟300个单词，思路清晰、内容充实、语言通顺。
北京大学考博辅导班简介：北大考博英语在所有考博院校试题中最难，如何一次顺利通过考试呢？☆北大考博英语难度六级以上，没有固定的大纲，如何进行突破呢？☆北大考博英语词汇量八千到一万，甚至更多，怎样在短时间内完全掌握?☆北大考博英语阅读量大，长难句较多，做题错误较多，如何才能提高阅读速度、提高正确率？☆工作较忙，每天只能抽2-3个小时的学习时间，怎样才能提高学习效率?☆英语基础不好，四级过了很多年，工作学习中接触英语的机会又不多?大部分都忘了？☆复习了一段时间，把握不了重难点。
北京语言大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析
北京语言大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析Roger Rosenblatt''s book Black Fiction,in attempting to applyliterary rather than sociopolitical criteria to itssubject,successfully alters the approach taken by most previousstudies.As Rosenblatt notes,criticism of Black writing has oftenserved as a pretext for expounding on Black history.Addison Gayle''srecent work,for example,judges the value of Black fiction by overtlypolitical standards,rating each work according to the notions ofBlack identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi ideological,andtalking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideologycircumvents much of the fictional enterprise.Rosenblatt''s literaryanalysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Blackfiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction,however,presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.First of all,is there a sufficient reason,other than the facialidentity of the authors,to group together works by Black authors？Second,how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modernfiction with which it is largely contemporaneous？Rosenblatt showsthat Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that hasan identifiable，coherent literary tradition.Looking at novels written by Black over the last eighty years,he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.These structures are thematic,and they spring,not surprisingly,from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture,whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt''s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity;he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced,especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance,some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?In addition,the style of some Black novels,like Jean Toomer''s Cane,verges on expressionism or surrealism;does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted,a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression？In spite of such omissions,what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels,bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James WeldonJohnson''s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.Its argument is tightly constructed,and its forthright,lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.1.The author of the text is primarily concerned with__________.[A]evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism.[B]comparing various critical approaches to a subject.[C]discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism.[D]summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism.2.The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt__________.[A]evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction.[B]attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors.[C]explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history.[D]assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically.3.The author''s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as__________.[A]pedantic and contentious.[B]critical but admiring.[C]ironic and deprecating.[D]argumentative but unfocused.4.The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt''s book EXCEPT：__________.[A]rhetorical questions.[B]specific examples.[C]comparison and contrast.[D]definition of terms.5.The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnson''s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to__________.[A]point out affinities between Rosenblatt''s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism.[B]clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage.[C]qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt''s book made in the first paragraph of the passage.[D]give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt''s work.[答案与考点解析]「答案」A「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。
北京大学考博英语试题评论
北京大学考博英语试题评论第一部分还是听力，分为三节。
唯一不同的是第三节，不是整篇文章中留出空格听写单词，而是在所念文章中选出十几个句子，留出空格让考生填。
今年的听力效果不是很好，朗读人读的似乎有些含糊而且语速非常快，加之北大听力是直接用喇叭播放，所以部分考生反应不爽。
而且，难点还在于每段对话后只留出几秒，让答出2到3个问题，这是十分考验考生的能力的。
第二部分是语法词汇。
今年似乎比历年看起来都要简单，因为基本上没有纯的选词题，没有生僻词，都是侧重考语法结构的。
所以考前记忆大量偏词没什么必要。
本人就记忆了一部分较难词汇，但没有派什么用场。
还是要把一些常用的词弄准、弄熟、把语法抠准。
这部分的题目为20分，如果做到以上说的，是一个大大的拿分点。
第三部分是阅读。
还是首先是三篇短文。
总体看来，今年的短文阅读题没有大量的生词，基本上意思都能够读懂，细心一点应该没有问题。
接着就是英语解释，也就是英翻英了，划出的五个句子生词较少，意思基本能懂，关键是如何用其他的句式和词汇来表达了。
本人这部分做得不是很爽，因为平时也没有多下工夫练习。
第四部分是完型填空，说的是微软公司的事情，要耐心的看上下文，才能发现应该填写的词是什么。
这个题型是北大的特色，没有选项，自己琢磨。
第五部分是改错，说的是大学筹募的事情。
有几处错误比较明显，但有几处较难，本人就有好几处是蒙着写的。
最后是作文，250字到300字，说的是对中药目前的尴尬局面的评论。
对于大家而言，对这个话题都有能说的，先打个腹稿，再利用一些套路模版，基本就可以应付了。
本人一向重答题速度而不重答题质量。
提前将近一个小时答完卷子，检查了一遍，改了几处，大部分是不知道对错不敢轻易改的。
关于改错题那几处难的’的地方，本人到最后一分种还在挣扎着想，最终还是无果。
另外，北大考试不给草稿纸，自己是在桌子上写的作文提纲。
总体上说，北大英语试题逐步步向规范化，标准化，不再以难词、生僻词卡人（96年到99年的试题可以叫人发狂，四个选项单词一个不认识），而重在考察考生的英语能力和综合素质。
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning.Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there.Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up".2Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were along time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon's breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon's moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true. Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don't happen just anywhere. 4 Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know.There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple. 5One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.[A]Othervolcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.[B]Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out.[C]Smokepuffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground.[D]Avolcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities.[E]Beforea sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely.[F]Avolcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot meltedrock, or lava, is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out.[G]Thereare certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.答案及详解1.B。
北京大学考博英语听力、词汇、阅读、完形、改错专项题型分析
北京大学考博英语听力、词汇、阅读、完形、改错专项分析1.听力（20题，共计20分 1×20=20）该部分共20题，每题1分，共20分。
主要测试考生掌握听力材料中心思想和主要内容的能力，考查考生对对话情景、场合、人物关系、说话人身份、说话意图、话语含义等的理解和判断能力，此外，听力理解试题对考生捕捉主要信息、熟悉习语表达、熟练语法结构变式等方面均有较高要求。
以下是华慧考博老师以表格的形式对近几年真题的听力结果进行分析:Sectio A new a talk on听力理解部分共20题，分A，B，两节节：A节有10题,为三段段子，与TOEFL相似，每段有三、四个问题；C节是听写，考生听完一篇500个词左右的短文后需完成文章中空出的20个空。
第一部分录音材料只读一遍，听完每段材料后，考生分别有15秒、20秒、15秒钟填涂答题卡，第二部分读两遍。
录音的语速约为每分钟120～140个词。
听力重点：重点把握基础，也就是第一部分的客观题，分为三篇短文，要求考生了解所听材料的大致内容，启动语音和背景知识，缩小听力理解的范围，减轻理解和记忆的负担，并且要学会带着问题去听，然后要学会正确抢读选项。
听力难点：提高能力，作为听力考试的第二部分，要求考生听完一篇500个词左右的短文后需完成文章中空出的20个空。
这明显对考生的听力能力加大了难度，要求考生对文章中心思想的把握，还有句与句之间的衔接并推敲出所填写的词的用法，根据不同情况进行变形。
听力误区：避免只见树不见林、只听不记：词汇量少，一听到自己不熟悉的词就会卡壳，琢磨反而影响了对整个语篇的理解。
必要的思考但是应当保持连贯性。
（学会放弃；生僻的地名。
高难度的词，非关键信息等等；学会联系和有限度的推断）只听不记，做题很难；可以记录下时间、地点、人名、数字等。
这些可以帮助你会议起有关的细节，更加准确的回答问题。
2.词汇（20题，共计20分 1×20=20）北京大学考博英语的词汇题部分共20道题，每道题1分，共20分。
北京外国语大学考博英语真题摘录
北京外国语大学考博英语真题摘录Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numberedblank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just howsmart humans are.1the fruit-fly experiments described in CarlZimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who weretaught to be smarter than the average fruit fly2to live shorter lives.This suggests that3bulbs burn longer,that there is an4in not beingtoo terrifically bright.Intelligence,it5out,is a high-priced option.It takes moreupkeep,burns more fuel and is slow6the starting line because itdepends on learning—a gradual7—instead of instinct.Plenty ofother species are able to learn,and one of the things they’veapparently learned is when to8.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Is there an adaptive value to9intelligence?That’s the questionbehind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistfulglance10at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise,itimplicitly asks what the real11of our own intelligence might be.This is12the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder whatexperiments animals would13on humans if they had the chance.Everycat with an owner,14,is running a small-scale study in operantconditioning.we believe that15animals ran the labs,they would test us to16the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a19question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority5.[A]insists on[B]sums up[C]turns out[D]puts forward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]by chance[B]in contrast[C]as usual[D]for instance15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Above all[B]After all[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile20.[A]By accident[B]In time[C]So far[D]Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points)Text1Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.“Not choice,but habit rules the unreflecting herd,”William Wordsworth said in the19th century.In theever-changing21st century,even the word“habit”carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,we create parallel synaptic paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jump our trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain,they’re there to stay.Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,”says Dawna Markova,author of“The Open Mind”and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners.“But we are taught instead to‘decide,’just as our president calls himself‘the Decider.’”She adds,however,that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says.Researchers in the late1960covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically,procedurally,relationally(or collaboratively)and innovatively.At puberty,however,the brain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,”explains M.J.Ryan,author of the2006book“This Year I Will...”and Ms. Markova’s business partner.“That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness.Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.21.The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being.[A]casual[B]familiar[C]mechanical[D]changeable.22.The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be.[A]predicted[B]regulated[C]traced[D]guided23.”ruts”(in line one,paragraph3)has closest meaning to.[A]tracks[B]series[C]characteristics[D]connections24.Ms.Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing?[A]prevents new habits from being formed[B]no longer emphasizes commonness[C]maintains the inherent American thinking model[D]complies with the American belief system25.Ryan most probably agree that.[A]ideas are born of a relaxing mind[B]innovativeness could be taught[C]decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas[D]curiosity activates creative mindsText2It is a wise father that knows his own child,but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom–or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.All he needs to do is shell our$30for paternity testing kit(PTK)at his local drugstore–and another$120to get the results.More than60,000people have purchased the PTKs since they firstbecome available without prescriptions last years,according to Doug Fog,chief operating officer of Identigene,which makes theover-the-counter kits.More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public,ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than$2500.Among the most popular:paternity and kinship testing,which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical,“There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”says Trey Duster,a New York University sociologist.He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage,either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA,which a passed down only from mothers.This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors,even though,for example,just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or,four generations back,14other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as goodas the reference collections to which a sample is compared.Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results.In addition,the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs1and2,the text shows PTK’s_________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C]successful promotion[D]popularity with households27.PTK is used to________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C]identify parent-child kinship[D]choose children for adoption28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing failsto________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B]rebuild reliable bloodlines[C]fully use genetic information[D]achieve the claimed accuracy29.In the last paragraph,a problem commercial genetic testingfaces is________.[A]disorganized data collection[B]overlapping database building30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely tobe________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B]DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D]lies behind DNA testingText3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies;however,the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and,as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically,the first evidence for this idea appeared in theUnited States.Not long ago,with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak,the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S.economic performance.Japan was,and remains,the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.Yet the research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda,Nissan,and Toyota achieved about95percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U.S.workers received on the job.More recently,while examing housing construction,the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston,Texas,consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development?We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it.After all,that’s how education got started.When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers10,000years ago,they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved,humanity’s productivity potential,they could in turn afford more education.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient,conditionfor the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A lack of formal education,however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future.On the contrary,constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31.The author holds in paragraph1that the important of education in poor countries_________.[A]is subject groundless doubts[B]has fallen victim of bias[C]is conventional downgraded[D]has been overestimated32.It is stated in paragraph1that construction of a new education system________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C]demands priority from the government[D]requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that________.[A]the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B]the Japanese workforce is more productive中国考博辅导首选学校[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D]]the U.S workforce is more organize本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
北大考博辅导：北京大学外国语言学及应用语言学考博难度解析及经验分享
北大考博辅导：北京大学外国语言学及应用语言学考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在2018-2019年外国语言学及应用语言学专业考研学校排名中，排名第一的是广东外语外贸大学，排名第二的是北京外国语大学，排名第三的是北京大学。
作为北京大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，外国语学院的外国语言学及应用语言学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第三。
下面是启道考博整理的关于北京大学俄语语言文学考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍外国语言学及应用语言学专业外国语言文学一级学科下设的一个二级学科。
本学科以形式语言学的基本假设为理论指导，以音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得为主要教学和研究内容，同时从事应用语言学具体领域的教学与研究。
本专业是国内唯一能够覆盖形式语言学四大基础理论领域(音系学、句法学、形式语义学和语言习得)的外国语言学及应用语言学专业。
本专业培养从事外国语言学及应用语言学研究、高校教学或口、笔译的硕士研究生。
他们必须牢固掌握本学科的基础理论与系统专门知识，较深入地了解国外语言学、应用语言学、外语教育学及翻译的理论、源流与最新发展趋势。
北京大学外国语学院的外国语言学及应用语言学专业在博士招生方面，划分为4个研究方向：050211外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：01.理论语言学；02.社会语言学；03.现代外语教育；04.文体学研究此专业实行申请考核制。
二、考试内容北京大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试构成。
其中，综合考核内容为:1、外国语学院将组织专家组对申请人的申请材料进行初审，初审结果将于2019年3月公布。
2、对通过初审的申请者采取笔试与面试相结合的方式进行复试，主要考核考生学科背景知识、专业素质、思维能力、创新能力等；3、复试考核时间：2019年3月，包括笔试和面试。
4、笔试、面试各占50%，任意一项不合格不予录取。
北京大学考博英语历年试题题型综合分析
北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析导言：考博英语真题的重要性全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。
华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。
考博英语试题的独特性众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。
而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。
首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。
并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方面而引起的错误和争议。
其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。
因其题目来源的独特性，我们研究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。
如果考生在考前了解了这一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。
所以考生考前精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
考博英语试题的作用考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。
指导作用。
通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。
规划作用。
考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。
北外考博试题
北外考博试题题目一：1. 阅读理解Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions based on what you have read.China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was introduced in 2013 by President Xi Jinping, aiming to enhance connectivity, trade, and cooperation between China and countries along the ancient Silk Road routes. The BRI has received both praise and criticism from various scholars and experts.One of the benefits of the BRI is the potential for economic development and poverty reduction. By investing in infrastructure projects such as roads, railways, and ports, China can help improve transportation networks in partner countries. This will not only facilitate the movement of goods and services but also stimulate economic growth and create job opportunities. Many countries along the BRI routes have indeed experienced positive impacts, with increased trade volume and improved living conditions.Another advantage of the BRI is cultural exchange and people-to-people connectivity. As the BRI promotes cooperation in various fields, including education, tourism, and cultural exchanges, it allows for a deeper understanding and appreciation of different cultures. This can contribute to the promotion of mutual respect, understanding, and peace among nations.However, the BRI also faces challenges and criticisms. One of the concerns raised is the debt trap phenomenon. Some argue that China'sextensive lending to partner countries for infrastructure projects may result in unsustainable debt burdens, especially for poorer nations. This financial burden could hinder their long-term development and sovereignty.Additionally, there are concerns regarding environmental sustainability. The construction of large-scale infrastructure projects under the BRI may have adverse effects on the environment, such as deforestation, habitat destruction, and pollution. It is crucial for China and partner countries to work together to ensure environmentally friendly practices are implemented throughout the projects.In conclusion, the Belt and Road Initiative has the potential to bring about significant economic development, cultural exchange, and connectivity benefits. However, it is essential to address the challenges and criticisms to ensure the long-term sustainability and positive impacts of the initiative.1. According to the passage, what is the main goal of China's Belt and Road Initiative?2. List two benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative.3. What are two concerns or criticisms regarding the initiative?题目二：2. 短文改错Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved.Read the passage carefully and identify the error in each line. If the line contains no error, write "Correct" in the corresponding space.When I was a child, I often visited my grandfather's shop in the town. It was a little, old shop with full of interesting things. There were old books, strange toys, and even some clocks, which were really old and valuable. I used to spend hours to look at each item carefully, imagining the stories behind them. My grandfather would tell me about the histories of some of the items. It was like being in a time capsule, and I loved the atmosphere of the shop. I wish I could back in time to experience it again. While the shop no longer exist, the memories they've left me will always remain.题目三：3. 议论文Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay on the given topic. You should present your ideas logically and coherently, providing arguments and examples to support your points.Title: The Influence of Social Media on Interpersonal RelationshipsOutline:I. IntroductionA. Briefly introduce the prevalence of social media in today's societyB. State the importance of interpersonal relationshipsII. Advantages of social media on interpersonal relationshipsA. Increased connectivity and communicationB. Facilitation of long-distance relationshipsC. Opportunities for networking and expanding social circlesIII. Disadvantages of social media on interpersonal relationshipsA. Distraction and decreased face-to-face interactionB. Privacy concerns and the "highlight reel" effectC. Misunderstandings and conflicts due to online communicationIV. Recommendations for maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships in the era of social mediaA. Prioritize face-to-face interaction and quality timeB. Use social media mindfully and with moderationC. Foster open and honest communicationV. ConclusionA. Summarize the main points discussed in the essayB. Emphasize the importance of balancing social media use with maintaining meaningful relationships.题目四：4. 实验报告Directions: The following experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of caffeine on short-term memory. Read the report and answer the questions that follow.Title: The Effects of Caffeine on Short-term MemoryIntroduction: This experiment aimed to examine the impact of caffeine on short-term memory performance. Previous studies have indicated that caffeine has both positive and negative effects on cognitive functions, including memory. However, the specific effects on short-term memory have not been extensively researched.Method:1. Participants: 50 healthy adult volunteers (25 males, 25 females) aged between 20-30 years were randomly assigned to two groups.2. Group 1: The experimental group received a caffeine pill containing 200mg of caffeine.3. Group 2: The control group received a placebo pill containing no caffeine.4. Procedure: Participants were instructed to take the pill one hour before the memory test. The memory test consisted of recalling a list of 20 words immediately after presentation.5. Results: The results were recorded as the number of correctly recalled words out of 20.Results:1. Experimental group: The mean number of correctly recalled words was 15.2.2. Control group: The mean number of correctly recalled words was 14.5.Discussion: The findings suggest that caffeine consumption may slightly enhance short-term memory performance. Although the difference between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant, the experimental group showed a slightly higher mean number of correctly recalled words. Further research with a larger sample size and different memory tasks is recommended to obtain more conclusive results.Conclusion: This experiment provides initial insights into the effects of caffeine on short-term memory but requires further investigation for more comprehensive understanding.Questions:1. What was the goal of the experiment?2. How many participants were in the control group?3. What were the mean numbers of correctly recalled words in the experimental and control groups?4. What is the suggested future direction for research based on the results?5. Write a brief conclusion summarizing the experiment's findings.。
北京大学考博英语真题常见疑难句型及其解析
北京大学考博英语真题常见疑难句型及其解析2015年考博备考进入准备阶段，育明考博整理了考博英语学科备考资料供大家参考，祝莘莘学子2015年考博顺利。
平行结构：1.注意由并列连词或等立连词连接的成分在语法形式上是否相同，即都是形容词，或都是介词短语，或都是不定式，或都是动名词，或都是句子等。
如：Symposium talks will cover a wide range of subjects from overfishing to physical and environmental factors that affect the populations of different species.In the teaching of mathematics,the way of instruction is generally traditional,with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes.2.注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。
如：It is better to die on one’s feet than to live on one’s knees.Despite the temporary difficulties,the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.3.其他具有并列或比较意义的短语。
(1)rather than,let alone虽不是并列连词，但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。
如：We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal style.For the new country to survive,let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity,new economic policies will be required.(2)如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来第二个介词不要省略。
北京外国语大学英语学院英语国家文学研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点
北京外国语大学英语学院英语国家文学研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点一、专业的设置、导师及招生计划学科、专业名称研究方向研究领域指导教师招生人数050201英语语言文学英语国家文学研究(001英语学院）19-20世纪美国小说/女性主义金莉1-2英美小说/西方文论张在新1-2英国现代小说/西方文论马海良1-219-20世纪英美诗歌研究张剑1-2英语文学与跨文化研究陶家俊1-2现当代西方批评理论美国小说与叙事理论王丽亚1-2美国小说研究潘志明1-2奥斯汀小说研究；耿力平1-2芒罗小说研究；二、初试考试内容学科、专业名称研究方向研究领域初试考试科目外国语专业科目一专业科目二050201英语语言文学英语国家文学研究(001英语学院）19-20世纪美国小说/女性主义二外(俄语、法语、德语、日语、西班牙语任选一种）英美文学基础美国文学史与作品分析英美小说/西方文论文论与作品解读英国现代小说/西方文论小说与文论19-20世纪英美诗歌研究文学理论与诗歌作品分析英语文学与跨文化研究英语小说与跨文化研究（复试时加试“西方批评理论”）现当代西方批评理论西方批评理论（复试时加试“英语小说与跨文化研究”）美国小说与叙事理论叙事理论美国小说研究美国文学史与作品分析奥斯汀小说研究；奥斯汀小说及英国18世纪社会解读（复试时加试叙事理论）；芒罗小说研究；芒罗小说及加拿大社会解读（复试时加试叙事理论）跨文化传播研究中西思想文化史跨文化传播研究理论欧洲研究政治学理论（含英国政治）欧洲一体化的理论与实践美国政治研究美国总统研究美国国会研究美国研究美国通史美国政治经济国际经济英语货币金融学国际经济美国政治与外交国际关系史美国政治与外交国际关系近现代国际关系史当代国际关系理论与实践三、关于北京外国语学院考博注意事项（一）报考类别，包括以下两种类型：①非定向：录取后没有保持人事关系的正式工作单位，读博期间个人人事档案及户口转入学校（户口是否转入自愿），毕业后在国家政策指导下自主择业。
北大考博辅导：北京大学英语语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享
北大考博辅导：北京大学英语语言文学考博难度解析及经验分享根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在2018-2019年英语语言文学专业考研学校排名中，排名第一的是上海外国语大学，排名第二的是北京大学，排名第三的是四川外国大学。
作为北京大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，外国语学院的英语语言文学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。
下面是启道考博整理的关于北京大学英语语言文学考博相关内容。
一、专业介绍英语语言文学专业是属于文学类外国语言文学下的一个学科。
有翻译理论与实践、英美文学、比较文学等主要研究方向。
本学科培养学生了解本学科的研究现状和发展趋势;具有严谨、求实的学风和独立从事科学研究的能力与实践能力;具有较强的外语运用能力，能胜任高校外语教学与研究及涉外工作、且具有独立工作能力的高层次、高素质的专门人才。
北京大学外国语学院的英语语言文学专业在博士招生方面，划分为2个研究方向：050201英语语言文学研究方向：01.英美文学与文学理论；02.翻译研究此专业实行申请考核制。
二、考试内容北京大学英语语言文学专业博士研究生招生为资格审查加综合考核形式，由笔试+专业面试构成。
其中，综合考核内容为:1、外国语学院将组织专家组对申请人的申请材料进行初审，初审结果将于2019年3月公布。
2、对通过初审的申请者采取笔试与面试相结合的方式进行复试，主要考核考生学科背景知识、专业素质、思维能力、创新能力等；3、复试考核时间：2019年3月，包括笔试和面试。
4、笔试、面试各占50%，任意一项不合格不予录取。
对于考核合格考生，学院博士生招生工作小组将从中择优确定拟录取名单，经研究生院批准后公示十个工作日。
四、申请材料（1）北京大学2019年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表：请在规定的报名时间内登陆北京大学研究生招生网（网址：https:///applications/）进行网上报名，上传相关材料，并打印“北京大学2019年攻读博士学位研究生报考登记表”（有两处需考生本人签名）。
北京外国语大学英语语言文学—英语国家研究(英语学院)考博招生介绍—考试内容—考试指南
电一厂工人。教育背景：1999 年 9 月至 2003 年 7 月，北京大学国际关系学院在职
攻读博士学位， 2003 年获法学博士学位。1985 年 10 月至 1988 年 7 月，中国社
会科学院研究生院学生， 1988 年获历史学硕士学位 1979 年 9 月至 1983 年 7 月，
北京大学历史系学生， 1983 年获历史学学士学位
概论、谈判学、女性主义与国际关系。研究生：当代中国对外政策研究
三、注意事项：
考试：
公开招考方式包括初试和复试两个环节。
（一）初试
初试科目为三门，包括第二外国语（非外语专业为公共外语）和两门专业考试。每门科目的考 试时间为 3 小时，满分 100 分。由我校自行命题，考试形式均为笔试。
（二）复试
复试是博士生考试的重要组成部分，全面考查考生分析问题、解决实际问题的能力以及笔试中 反映出的问题等。
助教，期间独立教授三门政治学系本科生课程：政党与选举 (Parties and Elections)，城
市政治 (Urban Politics)，美国总统 (American Presidency)。2007-至今 北京外国语大学
英语学院任教。研究课题：致力于美国政治体制和政治行为研究，主要是国会、总统、
中国英语教学（三）：2001 年北京中国英语教学国际研讨会论文集》外研社 2003 年 6
月出版。参编《现代大学英语中级写作：下》，外研社 2006 年 5 月出版。第一编者《现
代大学英语中级写作：上》，外研社 2005 年 8 月出版。参编《现代大学英语基础写作：
下》，外研社 2005 年 2 月出版。参编《现代大学英语基础写作：上》，外研社 2004 年 9
1987 年获华中师范大学英语语言文学学士学位，1999 年获复旦大学世界文化史方 向博士学位，2002-2004 年在复旦大学新闻学院从事博士后研究，先后在复旦大学哲学
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2015北京外国语大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、北京外国语大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇15分。
30小题。
Part2:阅读理解40分。
共20小题，4篇短文。
Part3:完形填空10分。
共20小题。
Part4:翻译15分。
英译汉，一篇短文中指定的5句话。
Part5:写作20分。
200字左右。
三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
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2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。
因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。
如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2）转折和因果。
在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。
例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。
5）情态动词。
should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6）特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语，如only，always，never，all，everything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody。
g、逻辑错误，因果颠倒等。
最后，育明考博提醒：要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上，从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。