声学基础专业英文
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声学英文词彙
声音,声学及其分支
声音:sound
可听声(阈):audible sound
超声:ultrasound
次声:infrasound
水声:underwater sound
地声:underground sound
噪声:noise
声学:Acoustics
物理声学:Physical Acoustics;非线性声学:Nonlinear Acoustics
超声学:Ultrasonics;次声学:Infrasonics;水声学:Underwater Acoustics 气动声学:Aeroacoustics
建筑声学:Architectural Acoustics;室內声学:Room Acoustics
音乐声学:Musical Acoustics
环境声学:Environmental Acoustics
海洋声学:Oceanic Acoustics
电声学:Electroacoustics
语言声学:Speech Acoustics;语音信号处理:Speech Processing
声信号处理:Acoustical Signal Processing
光声学:Optoacoustics
医学超声学:Medical Ultrasonics
生物声学:Bioacoustics
声化学:Sonochemistry
生理声学:Physiological Acoustics;心理声学:Phsychoacoustics
振动
振动:vibration
受迫振动:forced vibration
阻尼振动
弹性:elasticity
劲度:stiffness;弹性常数:stiffness constant
恢复力:restoration;张力:tension
惯性,声质量:inertance
力(机械)阻抗(阻,順,抗):mechanical impedance (resistance, compliance, reactance)
力导纳(导,納):mechanical admittance, mobility (responsiveness, excitability)集总线路元件:lumped circuit elements
共振:resonance;反共振:antiresonance
参量共振:parametric resonance
共鸣器,共振器:resonator
亥姆霍茲共鸣器:Helmholtz resonator
振子:oscillator
激振器:vibrator
隔振:isolation
(阻抗型,导纳型)类比:(impedance-type, mobility-type) analogy
摩擦(力):friction (force)
阻尼(系数):damping (coefficient)
衰变:decay
谐波:harmonics,谐和:harmony
基频:fundamental frequency
固有(特征,本征)频率:natural (characteristic, eigen-) frequency
简正频率(方式、模式):normal frequency (mode)
波节:node;波腹:antinode, loop
音:tone;泛音:overtone;音调:pitch;音色:timbre
声媒质及其性质
媒质、介质:medium
可压缩的:compressible;不可压缩的:incompressible
压缩率,压缩系数:compressibility
可相融的,不相融的:miscible,immiscible
绝热的:adiabatic;等温的:isothermal
体(剪切)弹性系数,体(切)弹性模量:bulk (shear) modulus
热传导(率):thermal conduction (conductivity)
(容变)粘性:(bulk) viscousity
(切变、容变)粘滞系数:viscous coefficient, coefficient of (shear, bulk) viscosity 无黏(流体):inviscid (fluid)
声速:sound speed
频散:dispersion
吸收(损失):absorption (loss);吸收系数:absorptivity, absorption coefficient
耗散(损失):dissipation (loss)
非均匀性:inhomogeneity
多孔介质:porous media
穿孔:peforation
穿孔板:perforated plate
穿孔比:ratio of perforation
孔隙率:porosity
声边界层(厚度)、趋肤深度:acoustic boundary layer (thickness),skin depth 叠加原理
波数
声波及传播
声波:sound waves, acoustic waves
机械(水,重力,声重力)波:mechanical (water, gravity, acoustic-gravity) waves 传播:propagation;
纵(横)波:longitudinal (transverse) waves
行(驻)波:traveling (standing) waves
平面(柱面,球面)波:plane (spherical, cylindrical) waves
表面(瑞利,漸失)波:surface (Rayleigh, evanescent) waves
压缩(体)波:compressional (bulk) waves
声压缩
切变(弯曲)波:shear (flexural, bending) waves
(切)应变:(shear) strain
(切)应力:(shear) stress
波导:duct, waveguide;声管:pipe, tube
导波:guided waves
相(群)速度:phase (group) velocity