呼吸系统英文总结
3呼吸系统英文
第三章呼吸系统Chapter 3 Respiratory Systemaditus laryngis 喉口anterior horn 前角anterior mediastinum 前纵隔apex of lung 肺尖aryepiglottic muscle 杓会厌肌arytenoid杓肌arytenoid articular surface 杓关节面arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨base of lung 肺底bifurcation of trachea 气管杈bronchi 支气管bronchial artery支气管动脉bronchial tree 支气管树bronchopulmonary segments 支气管肺段cardiac notch 心切迹carina of trachea 气管隆嵴choanae 鼻后孔conus elasticus 弹性圆锥costal pleura 肋胸膜costal surface 肋面costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节cricoid arch 环状软骨弓cricoid cartilage 环状软骨cricoid lamina 环状软骨板cricothyroid joint 环甲关节cricothyroid muscle 环甲肌cricotracheal ligament 环状软骨气管韧带cupula of pleura 胸膜顶diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜diaphragmatic surface 膈面epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨epiglottis 会厌ethmoidal bulb 筛泡ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗ethmoidal labyrinth 筛骨迷路external nose 外鼻fissure of glottis 声门裂glottis 声门hilum of lung 肺门horizontal fissure of right lung 水平裂inferior mediastinum 下纵隔infraglottic cavity 声门下腔intercartilaginous part 软骨间部intermediate cavity of larynx 喉中间腔intermenbranous part 膜间部laryngeal cavity 喉腔laryngeal muscle 喉肌laryngeal prominence 喉结laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭larynx 喉lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓侧肌left principal bronchus 左主支气管lingual of left lung 左肺小舌lobar bronchi 肺叶支气管lung 肺median cricothyroid ligament 环甲正中韧带median thyroarytenoid ligament 甲状舌骨正中韧带mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜mediastinal surface 纵隔面mediastinum 纵隔mmembranous wall 膜壁middle medialstinum 中纵隔muscular process 肌突nasal ala 鼻翼nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal cavity proper 固有鼻腔nasal concha 鼻甲nasal gland 鼻腺nasal limen 鼻阈nasal septum 鼻中隔nasa vestibule 鼻前庭nose 鼻nostril 鼻孔oblique arytenoids 杓斜肌oblique fissure 斜裂olfactory region 嗅区paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦parietal pleura 壁胸膜pericardial region 心包区phrennicomediastinal recess 膈纵隔隐窝pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝plica aryepiglottica 杓状会厌襞posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓后肌posterior mediastinum 后纵隔pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary ligament 肺韧带pulmonary lobule 肺小叶pulmonary segment 肺段quadrangular membrane 方形膜region of thymus 胸腺区respiratory system 呼吸系统right principal bronchus 右主支气管rima vestibule 前庭裂root of lung 肺根segmental bronchi 肺段支气管semimunar hiatus 半月裂孔sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝subcarinal angle 嵴下角superior mediastinum 上纵隔superior notch 上切迹supreme nasal concha 最上鼻甲thyroarytenoid muscle 甲杓肌thyrohyoid membrane 甲状舌骨膜thyroid articular surface 甲关节面thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨trachea 气管tracheal cartilages 气管软骨tracheal muscle 气管肌transverse arytenoids 杓横肌triticeal cartilage 麦粒软骨ventricle of larynx 喉室vestibular fold 前庭襞vestibular ligament 前庭韧带visceral pleura 脏胸膜vocal cord 声带vocal fold 声襞vocal ligament 声韧带vocal process 声带突xiphocostal angle 剑肋角vocalis 声带肌。
呼吸系统介绍作文英文
呼吸系统介绍作文英文英文：The respiratory system is a vital part of the human body, responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. It consists of the nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. When we breathe in, air enters through the nose or mouth and travels down the throat into the trachea, which then branches into the bronchi and eventually reaches the lungs. In the lungs, the oxygen is transferred to the blood, while carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled.The respiratory system also plays a role in producing sound, as air passing through the larynx enables us to speak and produce different vocal sounds. It's amazing how our body can perform such complex functions without us even thinking about it. For example, when I'm running, my breathing becomes faster and deeper to supply my muscles with more oxygen. It's like my body knows exactly what itneeds to do to keep me going.中文：呼吸系统是人体的一个重要部分，负责吸入氧气并排出二氧化碳。
介绍呼吸系统英文作文
介绍呼吸系统英文作文英文回答：The respiratory system is an essential part of our body that allows us to breathe and take in oxygen while getting rid of carbon dioxide. It consists of several organs, including the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.Firstly, the process of breathing starts with the nose. When we inhale, air enters through the nostrils and passes through the nasal cavity. The nose helps to filter, warm, and moisten the air before it reaches the lungs. It also contains tiny hairs called cilia that trap dust and other particles, preventing them from entering the respiratory system.After passing through the nose, the air travels down the throat, also known as the pharynx. The pharynx serves as a common passage for both air and food. When we swallow, a flap called the epiglottis covers the opening to thetrachea, ensuring that food goes down the esophagus and not the windpipe.The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the throat to the bronchi. It is lined with tiny hair-like structures called cilia, which help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory system. The trachea then splits into two bronchi, with each bronchus leading to one lung.Inside the lungs, the bronchi continue to branch out into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air sacs called alveoli. These alveoli are surrounded by blood vessels and are the site of gas exchange. Oxygen from the air enters the bloodstream while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is expelled from the body through exhalation.The respiratory system also plays a role in speech production. The vocal cords, located in the larynx or voice box, vibrate as air passes through, producing sound. The sound is then shaped into words by the movement of thetongue, lips, and other articulators.In summary, the respiratory system is responsible for the process of breathing and gas exchange. It allows us to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide, ensuring that our body has enough oxygen for various physiological functions.中文回答：呼吸系统是我们身体的一个重要部分，它使我们能够呼吸并吸入氧气，同时排出二氧化碳。
呼吸系统英语词汇
呼吸系统Chapter 3 Respiratory Systemaditus laryngis 喉口anterior horn 前角anterior mediastinum 前纵隔apex of lung 肺尖aryepiglottic muscle 杓会厌肌arytenoid杓肌arytenoid articular surface 杓关节面arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨base of lung 肺底bifurcation of trachea 气管杈bronchi 支气管bronchial artery支气管动脉bronchial tree 支气管树bronchopulmonary segments 支气管肺段cardiac notch 心切迹carina of trachea 气管隆嵴choanae 鼻后孔conus elasticus 弹性圆锥costal pleura 肋胸膜costal surface 肋面costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节cricoid arch 环状软骨弓cricoid cartilage 环状软骨cricoid lamina 环状软骨板cricothyroid joint 环甲关节cricothyroid muscle 环甲肌cricotracheal ligament 环状软骨气管韧带cupula of pleura 胸膜顶diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜diaphragmatic surface 膈面epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨epiglottis 会厌ethmoidal bulb 筛泡ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗ethmoidal labyrinth 筛骨迷路external nose 外鼻fissure of glottis 声门裂glottis 声门hilum of lung 肺门horizontal fissure of right lung 水平裂inferior mediastinum 下纵隔infraglottic cavity 声门下腔intercartilaginous part 软骨间部intermediate cavity of larynx 喉中间腔intermenbranous part 膜间部laryngeal cavity 喉腔laryngeal muscle 喉肌laryngeal prominence 喉结laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭larynx 喉lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓侧肌left principal bronchus 左主支气管lingual of left lung 左肺小舌lobar bronchi 肺叶支气管lung 肺median cricothyroid ligament 环甲正中韧带median thyroarytenoid ligament 甲状舌骨正中韧带mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜mediastinal surface 纵隔面mediastinum 纵隔mmembranous wall 膜壁middle medialstinum 中纵隔muscular process 肌突nasal ala 鼻翼nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal cavity proper 固有鼻腔nasal concha 鼻甲nasal gland 鼻腺nasal limen 鼻阈nasal septum 鼻中隔nasa vestibule 鼻前庭nose 鼻nostril 鼻孔oblique arytenoids 杓斜肌oblique fissure 斜裂olfactory region 嗅区paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦parietal pleura 壁胸膜pericardial region 心包区phrennicomediastinal recess 膈纵隔隐窝pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝plica aryepiglottica 杓状会厌襞posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓后肌posterior mediastinum 后纵隔pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary ligament 肺韧带pulmonary lobule 肺小叶pulmonary segment 肺段quadrangular membrane 方形膜region of thymus 胸腺区respiratory system 呼吸系统right principal bronchus 右主支气管rima vestibule 前庭裂root of lung 肺根segmental bronchi 肺段支气管semimunar hiatus 半月裂孔sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝subcarinal angle 嵴下角superior mediastinum 上纵隔superior notch 上切迹supreme nasal concha 最上鼻甲thyroarytenoid muscle 甲杓肌thyrohyoid membrane 甲状舌骨膜thyroid articular surface 甲关节面thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨trachea 气管tracheal cartilages 气管软骨tracheal muscle 气管肌transverse arytenoids 杓横肌triticeal cartilage 麦粒软骨ventricle of larynx 喉室vestibular fold 前庭襞vestibular ligament 前庭韧带visceral pleura 脏胸膜vocal cord 声带vocal fold 声襞vocal ligament 声韧带vocal process 声带突xiphocostal angle 剑肋角vocalis 声带肌。
Unit 12 呼吸系统 Respiratory System 医学英语 临床医学
Anatomy: The Right Order
nostrils
nasal cavities
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchiole
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
diaphragm / intercostal muscles / pleural cavity / visceral pleura / parietal pleura / mediastinum
流鼻血 鼻衄
nosebleed rhinorrhagia epistaxis
Pharynx
nasopharynx鼻咽 oral pharynx or oropharynx口咽 hypopharynx下咽部；喉咽
Language Focus
➢ nasopharynx n. 鼻咽 ➢ nas(o)- 鼻
都在肺里密集地分叉
intrapulmonary bronchi肺内的支气管 bronchioles细支气管 alveolar ducts肺泡管
Language Focus
➢ bronchiole n. 细支气管脏 ➢ bronch(i/o)- 支气管
➢ bronchitis ➢ bronchoconstriction支气管狭窄 ➢ bronchospasm支气管痉挛
间肌
4. trachea气管 5. nostrils鼻孔 6. bronchi细支气管 7. pleural cavity胸膜腔 8. nasal cavities鼻腔
9. laryngopharynx咽喉 10. nasopharynx鼻咽 11. oropharynx口咽 12. visceral pleura脏胸 13. parietal pleura胸膜壁层 14. mediastinum纵隔膜 15. bronchiole 细支气管 16. alveolar duct肺泡管
系统解剖 呼吸系统 英文版.Respiratory system
Membranes and ligaments of larynx
Quadrangular membrane 方形膜
Between epiglottic, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
vestibular ligament 前庭韧带 Lower
free border of quadrangular membrane
上鼻道 下鼻道 中鼻道
Nasal cavity鼻腔 鼻腔
Remove the middle nasal conchae Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗
Nasal cavity鼻腔 鼻腔
Mucous membrane of nasal cavity 鼻腔粘膜
Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨
Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage Attached by its stalk to the thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal joints
Cricothyroid joint 环甲关节 Cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节
Thyroarytenoid lateral cricoarytenoid posterior cricoarytenoid Cricothyroid
Muscles of larynx
Cricothyroid 环甲肌 环甲肌---tense the vocal ligament
Cricothyroid
Respiratory region 呼吸区
The lower part of the nasal cavity Lined with respiratory mucous membrane Its function is to warm, moisten, and clean the inspired air
呼吸系统英文总结演示教学
呼吸系统英文总结呼吸系统的英文单词总结问诊句型How long have you had cough?您咳嗽多久了?Do you have chest pain when you cough?您咳嗽的时候胸痛吗?Does your chest hurt when you breathe in and out?您呼吸的时候胸口痛吗?Do you have any sputum when you cough?您咳嗽的时候有痰吗?What’s the sputum like? Wh at color is it?痰是怎样的? 什么颜色?It is yellow and thick，clear and thin．它是黄色黏稠痰／稀薄痰。
Do you suffer from asthma?您有哮喘病吗?I need to listen to your lungs．Would you help me?我需要听一听您的肺，请配合一下行吗?I need to take your temperature, feel your pulse and measure your blood pressure．我需要量一下您的体温、脉搏和血压。
The results of your physical examination show that you suffer from mild pneumonia．You need to have intra-venous antibiotics．and I’ll prescribe some pain-killers for your chest pain．您的检查结果表明您有轻度肺炎。
您需要静脉点滴抗生素，我会给您开些止痛药缓解胸痛。
As your pneumonia is mild, I will also prescribe some oral tablets foryou．But if you do not feel better in three days, please come back to seeme．您患的是轻度肺炎，我会给您开些口服药。
关于呼吸系统 英文作文
关于呼吸系统英文作文英文：Breathing is an essential function of the human body, and the respiratory system is responsible for this vital process. The respiratory system consists of the lungs, trachea, bronchi, and other structures that work together to help us breathe.When we inhale, air enters through the nose or mouth and travels down the trachea, which splits into two bronchi that lead to the lungs. The lungs are made up of small air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Oxygen is taken up by the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli and carried to the rest of the body, while carbon dioxide is released from the body through exhaling.However, the respiratory system can be affected by various factors such as pollution, smoking, and diseaseslike asthma and pneumonia. These can cause breathing difficulties and affect our overall health.To maintain healthy lungs and respiratory function, itis important to exercise regularly, avoid smoking and exposure to pollutants, and seek medical attention if necessary.中文：呼吸是人体的基本功能之一，呼吸系统负责这一重要过程。
介绍呼吸系统英文作文
介绍呼吸系统英文作文英文回答：The Respiratory System.The respiratory system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide. The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, which are located in the chest cavity. The lungs are made up of millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, which are lined with capillaries. Oxygen from the air diffuses across the alveoli and into the capillaries, where it is picked up by the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide from the bloodstream diffuses across the alveoli and into the air, which is then exhaled.The respiratory system is controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brain. The respiratory center sends signals to the muscles of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, which cause thelungs to expand and contract. The rate and depth of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in response to changes in the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.The respiratory system is essential for life. Without oxygen, the body cannot function properly. Carbon dioxide can also be harmful to the body if it is not removed. The respiratory system works tirelessly to ensure that the body has a constant supply of oxygen and that carbon dioxide is removed.中文回答：呼吸系统。
呼吸系统英文总结
呼吸系统得英文单词总结问诊句型How long have you had cough?您咳嗽多久了?Do you have chest pain when you cough?您咳嗽得时候胸痛吗?Does your chest hurt when you breathe in and out?您呼吸得时候胸口痛吗?AEUAx37。
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Do you have any sputum when you cough?您咳嗽得时候有痰吗?What’s the sputum like? What color is it?痰就是怎样得? 什么颜色?kCRrSgp。
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It is yellow and thick,clear and thin.它就是黄色黏稠痰／稀薄痰。
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Do you suffer from asthma?您有哮喘病吗?I need to listen to your lungs.Would you help me?我需要听一听您得肺,请配合一下行吗?I need to take your temperature, feel your pulse and measure your blood pressure.我需要量一下您得体温、脉搏与血压。
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The results of your physical examination show that you suffer from mild pneumonia.You need to have intra-venous antibiotics.and I’ll prescribe some pain-killers for your chest pain.您得检查结果表明您有轻度肺炎。
您需要静脉点滴抗生素,我会给您开些止痛药缓解胸痛。
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As your pneumonia is mild, I will also prescribe some oral tablets foryou.But if you do not feel better in three days, please e back to seeme.您患得就是轻度肺炎,我会给您开些口服药。
介绍呼吸系统的作文英语
介绍呼吸系统的作文英语英文回答：The respiratory system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. The primary organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, which are responsible for gas exchange, and the airways, which provide a pathway for air to reach the lungs.The respiratory system begins with the nose and mouth, which are the entry points for air. The air then travels through the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box) andinto the trachea (windpipe). The trachea branches into two bronchi, which lead to the lungs. Inside the lungs, the bronchi divide into smaller and smaller airways called bronchioles, which end in tiny air sacs called alveoli.The alveoli are where gas exchange occurs. The walls of the alveoli are very thin, allowing oxygen from the air todiffuse into the bloodstream. At the same time, carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli and is exhaled.The respiratory system is controlled by the respiratory center in the brain. The respiratory center sends signals to the muscles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which cause the lungs to expand and contract. The respiratory system also works closely with the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues and remove carbon dioxide.中文回答：呼吸系统是一个复杂的有机体和组织网络，它们共同作用在人体与环境之间进行氧气和二氧化碳的交换。
呼吸系统英文总结
呼吸系统的英文单词总结问诊句型How long have you had cough?您咳嗽多久了?Do you have chest pain when you cough?您咳嗽的时候胸痛吗?Does your chest hurt when you breathe in and out?您呼吸的时候胸口痛吗?Do you have any sputum when you cough?您咳嗽的时候有痰吗?What’s the sputum like? What color is it?痰是怎样的? 什么颜色?It is yellow and thick，clear and thin．它是黄色黏稠痰／稀薄痰。
Do you suffer from asthma?您有哮喘病吗?I need to listen to your lungs．Would you help me?我需要听一听您的肺，请配合一下行吗?I need to take your temperature, feel your pulse and measure your bloodpressure．我需要量一下您的体温、脉搏和血压。
The results of your physical examination show that you suffer from mild pneumonia．You need to have intra-venous antibiotics．and I’ll prescribe some pain-killers for your chest pain．您的检查结果表明您有轻度肺炎。
您需要静脉点滴抗生素，我会给您开些止痛药缓解胸痛。
As your pneumonia is mild, I will also prescribe some oral tablets foryou．But if you do not feel better in three days, please come back to seeme．您患的是轻度肺炎，我会给您开些口服药。
呼吸系统英语作文
呼吸系统英语作文Breathing is a fundamental biological process that is essential for sustaining life. The respiratory system, which is responsible for this vital function, is a complex and intricate network of organs and structures that work together to ensure the efficient exchange of gases between the body and the environment. In this essay, we will delve into the intricacies of the respiratory system, exploring its anatomy, physiology, and the various mechanisms involved in the process of breathing.The respiratory system is composed of the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx, while the lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and the alveoli within the lungs. Each of these components plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of the respiratory system.The process of breathing begins with the inhalation of air through the nose or mouth. The air then travels through the upper respiratory tract, where it is warmed, humidified, and filtered of impurities. The air then enters the lower respiratory tract, where it reaches the alveoli, the tiny air sacs located within the lungs. It is inthe alveoli that the exchange of gases takes place, with oxygen being absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide being expelled from the body.The mechanics of breathing are controlled by the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, which work together to expand and contract the thoracic cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, causing the thoracic cavity to expand and the lungs to fill with air. Conversely, during exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, and the intercostal muscles contract, causing the thoracic cavity to decrease in volume and the lungs to expel the air.The respiratory system is not only responsible for the exchange of gases but also plays a vital role in the regulation of the body's pH levels. The lungs are responsible for the removal of carbon dioxide from the body, which is a byproduct of cellular respiration. When carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, the body's pH levels decrease, leading to a condition known as acidosis. The respiratory system responds to this by increasing the rate and depth of breathing, which in turn increases the removal of carbon dioxide from the body and helps to restore the body's pH balance.In addition to its primary function of gas exchange, the respiratory system also plays a crucial role in the body's immune response. The upper respiratory tract is lined with specialized cells that producemucus, which traps and removes foreign particles and pathogens from the air before they can enter the lower respiratory tract. The lungs also contain specialized immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, which help to defend the body against respiratory infections and other respiratory diseases.Despite the remarkable efficiency of the respiratory system, it can be susceptible to a variety of diseases and disorders. Conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and pneumonia can all have a significant impact on the respiratory system's ability to function effectively. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices, such as smoking.In conclusion, the respiratory system is a complex and essential component of the human body, responsible for the vital process of gas exchange and the regulation of the body's pH levels. Its intricate anatomy and physiology allow it to perform these critical functions with remarkable efficiency, but it is also susceptible to a range of diseases and disorders that can have a significant impact on overall health and well-being. Understanding the workings of the respiratory system is crucial for maintaining good respiratory health and for developing effective treatments for respiratory diseases.。
呼吸系统respiratorysystem
胸膜与肺的体表投影
肋胸膜与纵隔胸膜前缘的返折线是胸膜前界体表 投影 ：上端于锁骨中、内1／3交界处上方约 2．5cm的胸膜顶。
肋胸膜与纵隔胸膜后缘的返折线是胸膜后界； 肋胸膜与膈胸膜的返折线则是胸膜下界：内侧端
底：上颌骨的牙槽 突。
上颌窦为四对鼻旁 窦中容积最大的一
对。
特点：开口位 置高于窦底。
喉（larynx）（1）
构成： 喉larynx由软骨和喉肌构成，它既是呼吸 的管道，又是发音的器官。上界是会厌上缘，下 界达环状软骨下缘。
位置：成年人的喉在第3—6颈椎之间。 毗邻：喉的前方是皮肤、颈筋膜、占骨下肌群，
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喉室（ventricle of larynx）：是喉中间腔向两 侧经前庭襞和声襞间的裂隙。
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声门裂（fissure ol glottis） 是位于两侧声襞及杓状软骨 底和声带突之间的裂隙，为 喉腔最狭窄之处。
喉 腔（4）
声门下腔（infraglottic cavity） 声襞与环状软骨下缘之间腔隙。 其粘膜下组织疏松，炎症时易发生喉水肿，尤以婴幼儿更易产生急 性喉水肿而致喉 梗塞，从而产生呼吸困难。
上纵隔superior mediastinum：上界为 胸廓上口，下界为胸骨角与第4胸椎体下 缘平面，前方为胸骨柄，后方为第1—4胸 椎体。
内容：胸腺，左，右头臂静脉，上腔静脉， 膈神经，迷走神经，喉返神经，主动脉弓 及其三大分支，食管，气管，胸导管。
纵隔mediastinmn（3）
下纵隔inferior mediastinum 上界是上纵隔的下界， 下界是膈， 两侧为纵隔胸膜。 下纵隔分三部：前纵隔、中纵隔、后纵隔。
呼吸系统-英文版
When you breathe, the air: enters the body through the nose or the mouth travels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi one main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung in the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi and then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli
Diaphragm located below the lungs, attaching to the lower ribs, sternum and lumbar spine and forming the base of the thoracic cavity, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
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呼吸系统的英文单词总结问诊句型How long have you had cough您咳嗽多久了Do you have chest pain when you cough您咳嗽的时候胸痛吗Does your chest hurt when you breathe in and out您呼吸的时候胸口痛吗Do you have any sputum when you cough您咳嗽的时候有痰吗What’s the sputum like What color is it痰是怎样的什么颜色It is yellow and thick，clear and thin．它是黄色黏稠痰／稀薄痰。
Do you suffer from asthma您有哮喘病吗I need to listen to your lungs．Would you help me我需要听一听您的肺，请配合一下行吗I need to take your temperature, feel your pulse and measure your bloodpressure．我需要量一下您的体温、脉搏和血压。
The results of your physical examination show that you suffer from mild pneumonia．You need to have intra-venous antibiotics．and I’ll prescribe some pain-killers for your chest pain．您的检查结果表明您有轻度肺炎。
您需要静脉点滴抗生素，我会给您开些止痛药缓解胸痛。
As your pneumonia is mild, I will also prescribe some oral tablets foryou．But if you do not feel better in three days, please come back to seeme．您患的是轻度肺炎，我会给您开些口服药。
如果您三天内没有好转，请再来就诊。
心血管紧统疾病How long have you had palpitation您感觉心悸有多长时间Does it get worse if you do any exercise，climbing the stairs for example您运动时，比如说爬楼梯的时候心跳会加剧吗Do your chest pain radiate您有放射性胸痛吗Do you ever have dizziness or lost consciousnessHave you ever had heart disease Please show me your medical record．您以前有心脏病吗请给我看一下您的病历。
When did the symptom begin [症状是什么时候开始的]Are you bring anything up when you cough[咳嗽时有痰吗]Have you had any chills (chest pain)[您有发冷（胸痛）吗]Have you ever coughed up blood[您咳血过吗]All right. Let me examine you. Would you mind taking off your coat[好吧。
我给您检查一下，您不介意脱掉外衣吧]Take a deep breath, please[请深呼吸]I`ll take a white blood count and give you a x-ray examination.[我将给您做白细胞计数和胸片检查]I`m sure it`s pneumonia. You should be admitted to the hospital.[我可以确定您得了肺炎，应当住院。
]How long have you been like this[这种症状有多久了]When did you begin to notice these symptoms[您什么时候发现这些症状的]Have you been coughing and sneezing[你是不是一直咳嗽和打喷嚏]Have you got a high fever[你发烧吗]I`d like to listen to your chest.[我想听听你的胸部。
]问诊单词dyspnea呼吸困难Asphyxia/suffocate窒息chest distress 胸闷suffocation憋气labored breathing 呼吸费力chest pain 胸痛cough 咳嗽expectorate 咳痰hypersomnia 嗜睡anorexia 厌食Mucous sputum 黏液痰purulent sputum 脓痰swelling 水肿nasal obstruction 鼻塞A：Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-] 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。