听力教程3施心远
U3 听力教程第三版施心远学生用书答案
Unit 3Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to some short conversations and circle the prominent word or words in the sentence.1. A: Do you want some grapes?B: No, thanks, I don’t like them.2. A: What do you think of Scotland?B: I’ve never been there.3. A: My son’s called David.B: How old is he?4. A: Can I book a table for tonight, please?B: Certainly. How many is it for?A: There’ll be three of them.5. A: Can you get some cornflakes?B: Do you want a large or small packet?A: A small one.Key1. A: a. want b. grapesB: a. like b. them2. A: a. think b. ScotlandB: a. been b. there3. A: a. called b. DavidB: a. old b. he4. A: a. book b. tonightB: a. certainly b. manyA: a. three b. them5. A: a. get b. cornflakesB: a. large or small b. packetA: a. small b. onePart 2 Listening and Note-TakingA TerritoryScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space.2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreigncountry.3. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house.4. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.5. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between.B. Listen to a talk about territory. Take notes and complete the following outline.When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals.First, there are the Tribal Territories, which in modern terms are known as countries.Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are often guarded by soldiers and they usually have customs barriers, flags, and signs. Other signals of the tribal territory are uniforms and national anthems. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country and, while he is there, he must behave like a visitor.Second, there is the Family Territory, at the center of which is the bedroom. This is usually as far away as possible from the front door. Between the bedroom and the front door are the spaces where visitors are allowed to enter. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house. As soon as they come up the driveway or walk through the front door — the first signals of family territory —they are in an area which does not belong to them.They do not feel at home, because it is full of other people’s belongings — from the flowers in the garden to the chairs, tables, carpets, ornaments, and other things in the house. In the same way, when a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings; other families respect this, and try not to sit down right beside them.Finally, there is the Personal Territory. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space. If a man enters a waiting room and sits at one end of a row of chairs, it is possible to predict where the next man will sit. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between. In a crowded space like a train, we can’t have much personal territory, so we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. We don’t look at or talk to anyone around us.KeyA. 1. When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space.2. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering aforeign country.3. People behave differently when they’re in someone else’s house.4. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.5. It won’t be next to him or at the other end of the room, but halfway between.B. A TerritoryI. Territory, a defended spaceA. Territory is marked by territorial signals.a. Animals mark out their territories with their personal scent, their territorialsignals.b. Human beings have three kinds of human territory, marked by differentterritorial signals.II. Three kinds of human territoryA. Tribal Territories or countriesa. Countries have a number of territorial signals.1. The borders, guarded by soldiers, with customs barriers, flags, and signs2. Uniforms and national anthemsB. Family Territorya. Family Territory signals1. The front door2. The drivewayb. When a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out asmall territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings.C. Personal Territorya. In public places, people automatically mark out an area of personal space.b. In a crowded space, we stand looking straight in front of us with blank faces. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. Surely you remember the last movie we saw together.2. A perfectionist about everything, his aunt Beatrice had made him painfully aware ofhis shortcomings.3. She felt a momentary glimmer of satisfaction, but this soon faded to a feeling ofshame when she saw the hurt look on Alec’s face.4. There will still be difficulties, but they can be overcome.5. Planting annuals gives a good temporary show, but it is also no way to construct apermanent garden.Key1. CPL2. S3. C-C4. CP5. CPPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Credit CardScriptListen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you will hear.A: I, recently touring around America, found there was a chap I was with ... He ... we were booked in by an American organization into a hotel, paid for by them,but theywould not let him go through the lobby to his room unless they had a credit cardnumber to prove that he was a human being that was trustworthy. (Right, right.) Inother words we’ve got to the stage now with credit cards,however friendly youlook, however wealthy you look, or however nice you look ... (That’s right, itdoesn’t matter, they just want to see that number.) Excus e me,where is your creditcard?B: Because you know you can’t rent a major automobile in the States, you know, you can’t rent without, without using a credit card, you can’t, you know like you weresaying, go into a hotel?A: I think that what’s underne ath that is the socie ty in which you’re only good if you have numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerised, (Yeah.) and can traceyou, and everybody’s insured against everybody else (Yeah.) and …that side ofcredit I find rather upsetting.B: It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?A: Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.Questions:1. Why was one man stopped at the lobby of the hotel by the hotel staff?2. Why is having a credit card so important?3. In what way does one speaker consider a credit card upsetting?B. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentences withthe missing words.A: I think that what’s underneath that is the society in which you’re only good if you have numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerised, (Yeah.) and can traceyou, and everybody’s insured against everybody else (Yeah.) and …that side ofcredit I find rather upsetting.B: It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?A: Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.KeyA. 1. D 2. D 3. CB. A: I think that what’s underneath that is the society in which you’re only good if youhave numbers attached to you, (Mm.) that are computerised, (Yeah.) and can traceyou, and e verybody’s insured against everybody else(Yeah.) and … that side ofcredit I find rather upsetting.B: It’s kind of ugly, isn’t it?A: Like a lot of people, it’s a great facility, if you’re disciplined with it.Dialogue 2 Card InsurancesScriptListen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).A: I’ll tell you about one awful experience that h appened to me, erm, I took out, erm … one of these card insurances that cover a ll your cards (Mm.) should yourcards be stolen and I had my handbag snatched* in a store and immediately got thestore security, who were very quick, got me into their office and we phoned all ofthe credit cards that I had on me, within ten minutes.B: Which is what they tell you to do?A: Yeah. When, I suppose by the time we’d got to all of them it w as about half an hour after the bag had been snatched. Got up to the top floor of the office, started ringinground, and the whole thing was done within half an hour. Erm, when the bag wassnatched it went through apparently a chain of people, out of the store, and it wenttwo miles away and they managed to ... three different people had spent over￡2,000 on four of my cards …B: But you’re only liable* for the first 50.A: I wasn’t liable for any of it. Because thank goodness I had this insurance.B: None of it. Yeah.A: But...B: Touch wood* quick. That was …A: ... They’d spent it within twe nty minutes of stealing.B: That’s incredible, isn’t it?A: And the thing that absolutely horrified me was I was close to limits on two of the cards, the ones that I do clear every month. (Mm — mm.) I was close to the limitI’m allowed on those, and they, both of those cards they went into banks, said theywere me, and got (No!) well over what the top limit would have been.B: Really! Well it just goes to show, you could walk into a bank and get more than you could possibly ever pay off*!A: I couldn’t probably, because I go in, and they say, “No, you’ve spent it all already!”B: Right, right.Key1. One insurance covers the loss of one particular credit card.2. The woman lost her credit cards because she left her handbag in a store.3. She telephoned all the credit card companies about the stolen cards within tenminutes.4. A chain of people were involved in the robbery.5. Usually there is a 50-pound-limit of overdraft on each card.6. The speaker usually clears some cards every month.7. The thief spent more than what the speaker had in her cards.8. If the police cannot find the thieves, the speaker will probably have to pay off. Part 3 PassageCredit CardsScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.The system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit account except that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place.Cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed, and that could be at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant or in fact at all kinds of businesses.The sales assistant imprints the card details onto a sales voucher* which the customer signs, and the card is then returned to the customer. Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out where purchases were made and totalling what is owing. A payment has to be made within 25 days of the date of the statement, but not necessarily the full amount. If the customer pays in full within this time the use of the card does not cost anything. But if he decides to pay only the minimum repayment shown on the statement —£5 or 5% of the outstanding* balance*, whichever is the greater — he automatically chooses to use th e system’s extended repayment facility. The re maining balance is then carried forward and attracts interest at the rate of 2.25% per month.Bank credit cards are more versatile than store credit accounts in that they also enable people to obtain cash. Any bank displaying the bank card sign will arrange a cash advance* for a card holder, whether or not he is one of their own customers. For money drawn in this way the bank makes a charge at the rate of 2.25% a month, calculated daily from the day the advance is obtained. Details of cash advances appear on the monthly bank card statement.The bank credit card system operates entirely separately from cheque accounts, but nevertheless it is a customer’s previous relation ship with his bank that is used as a guide to the amount of credit he will be extended. When a card is issued, a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum that can be owing at any one time. This is confidential* between customer and bank and does not appear on the card.Questions:1. In what way does a bank credit card differ from a store credit account?2. Where can you use bank credit cards?3. When making payments what should a customer do after the sales assistant imprintsthe card details onto a sales voucher?4. After receiving a credit card statement, within how many days does the holder have topay?5. When is the system’s extended repayment fac ility automatically used by thecustomer?6. What can a bank credit card holder get at any bank displaying the bank card sign?7. How much does the bank charge for the advance?8. What will decide the extension of a customer’s amount of credit?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. The system of bank credit cards operates in much the same way as a store credit accountexcept that the holder is not restricted to making purchases in one place. Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed and in fact at all kinds of businesses. Bank credit cards also enable people to obtain cash.B. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. BC. 1. Bank credit cards can be presented at any place where the bank card sign is displayed,e.g. at a shop, a service station, a hotel, a restaurant, etc.2. Each month the bank sends the holder a credit card statement setting out wherepurchases were made and totalling what is owing.3. The customer can pay in full within 25 days of the date of the statement or he can payonly the minimum repayment shown on the statement.4. Because they also enable people to obtain cash.5. When a card is issued, a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum thatcan be owing at any one time.D. 1. Bank credit cards are more versatile than store credit accounts in that they also enablepeople to obtain cash.2. When a card is issued, a personal credit limit is imposed indicating the maximum thatcan be owing at any one time.Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Wealth GapScriptA. Listen to the news item. Fill in the blanks with the number you have heard andanswer the questions. Then give a brief summary about the news item.A report from the nonprofit group Oxfam says the richest one percent of people in theworld will have a majority of the wealth on the planet in 2016. The report was released Monday ahead of the annual World Economic Forum meeting this week in Davos, Switzerland.The global wealth of the richest people on Earth climbed to 48 percent in 2014. That has increased from 44 percent in 2009. It is likely to pass 50 percent in 2016. The report said the80 wealthiest people in the world own $1.9 trillion. That is nearly the same amount shared bythe 3.5 billion people at the bottom half of the world’s income scale.Oxfam is asking governments around the world to deal with a number of issues of inequality. The organization is calling on governments to prevent companies and rich individuals from avoiding taxes. It is asking governments to shift taxes from labor and consumption to wealth and income.One proposal is to invest in free public services such as healthcare and education. The organization also wants governments to introduce minimum wages for workers, equal pay for women, universal* childcare and elderly care services.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. In 2009, the global wealth of the richest people throughout the world was 44 percentand that climbed to 48 percent in 2014. It may pass 50 percent in 2016.2. 80 wealthiest people in the world own $1.9 trillion which is almost the same amountof the world’s income shared by 3.5 billion people at the bottom.1. Oxfam is asking governments around the world to deal with a number of issues ofinequality. It also is asking governments to shift taxes from labor and consumption towealth and income.2. The organization is calling on governments to prevent companies and rich individualsfrom avoiding taxes.3. It proposes that governments should invest in free public services such as healthcareand education.This news item is about a report showing one percent of people worldwide own most ofthe world’s wealth.B. 1. Oxfam, a non-profit group, released a report before the annual World EconomicForum meeting in Davos, Switzerland.2. According to the report, in 2016, one percent of richest people in the world own amajority of the wealth on Earth.3. Oxfam wants governments to introduce minimum wages for workers, equal pay forwomen, universal childcare and elderly care services.C. 1. The report said the 80 wealthiest people in the world own $1.9 trillion. That is nearlythe same amount shared by the 3.5 billion people at the bottom half of the world’sincome scale.2. The organization is calling on governments to prevent companies and rich individualsfrom avoiding taxes.News item 2 Britain’s Longest Serving RulerScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statements are true (T) orfalse (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.Queen Elizabeth II is set to reach an important milestone* this week —becoming Britain’s longest-ruling head of state.Queen Elizabeth has worked with 12 British prime ministers, from Winston Churchill to David Cameron. At age 89, she continues to travel and attend official events.Elizabeth came to power after the death of her father, King George VI, on February 6, 1952. At the time, she was only 25 years old. She officially became queen in June of 1953.The queen is part of the last generation of Britai n’s royal family to be educated at home.The Associated Press reports that she is the first British ruler to have sent an email (1976) or use Twitter, the social networking service (2014).British officials say Queen Elizabeth wants the record-setting occasion to be a quiet event and that the day will be “busin ess as u sual”. The Queen is expected to leave her private home at Balmoral, Scotland to open the new Scottish Borders Railway. She will also take a steam train ride on the new railway from Edinburgh with her husband, Prince Philip.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Queen Elizabeth came to power after the death of her father, King George V, onFebruary 6, 1952.2. At the age 25, she officially became Queen of the United Kingdom.3. Queen Elizabeth has worked with 12 British prime ministers, from WinstonChurchill to David Cameron.4. She is the first British ruler to have sent an email or use Twitter.5. She is the last generation of Britain’s royal family to be educated at home.6. The Queen expects to open the new Scottish Borders Railway and take a steamtrain ride on the new railway from Edinburgh with her husband, Prince Philip.This news item is about Queen Elizabeth II becoming Britain’s Longest Serving Ruler.B. 1. Queen Elizabeth II reaches an important milestone this week — becoming Britain’slongest-ruling head of state.2. The Queen wants the record-setting occasion to be a quiet event and that the day willbe “business as usual”.C.British officials say Queen Elizabeth wants the record-setting occasion to be a quietevent and that the day will be “business as usual”.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingMother and DaughterScriptListen to a story and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the story only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.Ten year old Anja Lea did not want to wash the dishes. She and her mother were arguing.The mother was threatening her and bribing her. I asked Anja Lea how much she felt understood by her mother about why she did not want to do the washing up. Here is a copy of our dialogue.“Okay, so Mom wants you to do the dishes and y ou don’t want to. Plus Mom said she isn’t going to take you to school until you do them? Is that right so far?”“Yes.”“Okay, so you are probably feeling forced ...?”“Yes.”“And punished ...?”“Yes.”“And threatened ...?”“Yes.”“Okay. And how much do you feel understood by your mom? From 0-10?”“Zero!”I then asked Anja Lea to explain why she didn’t want to do the dishes. The more shetalked and the more I listened, the more she felt understood. Somewhere along the way, she started washing the dishes without any more arguments or protest! In a few minutes I asked her how much she felt understood by me. She said 8. I asked her what else she wanted me to understand. When she told me, I checked again to see how much she felt understood. This time it was a perfect 10 and the dishes were finished too!But that is not the end of this story. When she was in the car on the way to school Anja Lea voluntarily apologized to her mother for giving her such a hard time. The mother apologized in return, they both accepted the other’s apology and then shared a few tears and a loving hug.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageYour Legal Rights in the SalesScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.Just who is doing the favour for whom in the sales? Are the shops really giving us shoppers a chance to buy bargains? Or are we just helping them to clear their shelves twice a year to make way for new lines* —buying up* the rubbish they would otherwise throw away?In most sales there is a bit of both. Some bargains are more genuine than others. Some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.If the sale notice says “Coats — reduced from £30 to £10”, it should, by law, be true.The rules are that, unless a shop says otherwise, the coats must have been on sale at the higher price for at least 28 consecutive days in the previous six months. They can, however, get around it by saying “Last week £30. Now £10.”Be a bit suspicious about a ticket which just sa ys “Sale price £5.” It may mean the goods are specially bought in for the sale and does not necessarily indicate any reduction.And there is nothing to prevent the shopkeeper boasting: “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally £300, only £150.”Another practice which is frowned upon, though not illegal, is an imprecise offer, like “Up to £10 off latest models.” It give s no clear idea of how much you have to spend or exactly what you have to buy to benefit.If you see a price claim you do not believe or feel to be misleading, you can complain to the local Trading Standards Office — the town hall will put you in touch.If you see a notice saying “No refunds on sales goods,” ignore it, but don’t forget it. It is illegal for shops to say this and you should report it to the Trading Standards Officer. He can order the signs to be removed.Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to get your money back if the goods arefaulty. If on the other hand, you just change your mind about something you buy in the sale, the shop does not have to give you anything back.Goods labelled “seconds” have their own pecul iar problems. You cannot expect something described as “seconds” to be perfect in every way, but the shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.A “slightly imperfect” kettle should still boi l water and you can demand your moneyback if it doesn’t. So take your spectacles with you and never be afraid to ask what is substandard about the thing you are about to buy.Questions:1. Who will most sales benefit?2. What is not true about the goods labelled as “Sale price £5”?3. Wh at can a customer know from a sales notice which says “Up to £10 off latestmodels”?4. What is illegal for shops to say?5. When can a customer claim his money back?6. What cannot a customer expect of something described as “seconds”?7. What should a cu stomer ask about a “seconds” he is about to buy?8. What can a customer claim if the goods are faulty?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. DB. 1. In most sales, some bargains are more genuine than others and some price claims aretrue, while others are misleading or plain false.2. Because they want to make way for new lines.3. The shopkeepers’ boasting, like “Worth £50, only £20” or even “Normally £300, only£150;” and an imprecise offer, like “Up to £10 off latest models.”4. The shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which itwas made.5. You can’t get a refund when you just change your mind about the things you buy inthe sale.Part 2 VideoSlew of New Products Unveiled at Consumer Electronics ShowScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.At the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, you can find just about anything.Automobile enthusiasts are in luck this year.Renault revealed an electric race car. Audi unveiled a self-driving A7 — these cars park themselves. Last year, the technology needed for their driver less sedan* took up the entirerear end of the car. This year, the computer fits on a card about the size of an iPad.Induct* showed off its self-piloted shuttle, call ed the Navia. The company’s Max LeFevre says it’s also 100 percent electric.“It’s a shuttle, so it’s for public transport for 8 to 10 passengers. It works with lasers which work kind of like a bat. You know, it sends out beams that bounce off the walls and other things in the environment. In that way the vehicle can create the map of the environment.”Ford made headlines with its solar car —the C-MAX Solar Energi. Solar cells are mounted on the car’s roof, but the trick,says Ford Motor Company’s Dave McCreadie, is the solar canopy*.“It boosts the power of the solar panels by essentially magnifying the sun. So it takes a larger square footprint area of the sun and concentrates down onto the solar panels. The purpose of this is to enable the customer to recharge their vehicle off the grid.”The Ford C-MAX Solar Energi is still just a concept. But if you’re looking for something more tangible*, 3D printers are capable of producing more complex, high-quality designs, and the cost of a 3D printer is falling. Some cost less than $500.But 3D Systems has created something new: 3D-printed food.“Today we’re debuting* two food-safe 3D printers and they’re the first food-safe 3D printers to be offered.”The company’s Liz Von Hasseln says the ChefJet and ChefJetPro use melted sugar to create sweet creations like candy and cake decorations.“So you might say, ‘I want to work on a cak e topper or I want to work on a drink sweetener and the software will start you out wi th an object that’s kind of the appropriate size and shape, and you can add complexity from there.”The sugary 3D printers are expected to cost between $5,000 and $10,000 when they go on sale.Key1. That’s because they have got an electric race car by Renault, a self-driving andself-parking Audi A7, a self-piloted shuttle by Induct and the Ford C-MAX SolarEnergi.2. This year, the computer fits on a card about the size of an iPad.3. It works with lasers and sends out beams that bounce off the walls and other things inthe environment. As the result, the vehicle can create the map of the environment.4. They use melted sugar to create sweet creations like candy and cake decorations.5. They will cost between $5,000 and $10,000.。
施心远主编《听力教程》3_(第2版)Unit_13答案
Unit 13Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot dictationSister Rivers Build Cultural Bridge Between U.S. and ChinaThe Mississippi is the major river system in the United States, flows almost 3,800 kilometers from a small lake in Minnesota, gathering the waters of 250 other rivers and streams before reaching the Gulf of Mexico.In mid-May, as spring flowers began to open, about 41 students from a dozen colleges, mostly in the Midwest, explored a section of the river in Wisconsin and Iowa, to learn about the environment, and each other.The students, from the U.S., China and around the world, came to join the River Spirit Exchange program.The cross-cultural educational experience - set up by the University of Wisconsin, Madison-based Environment and Public Health Network for Chinese Students - focuses on the Mississippi and China's longest river, the Yangtze.This three-day get-together featured story-telling, hiking, camping and canoeing, all part of a larger lesson about conservation projects that can be used on both the Yangtze and Mississippi.After the group met at the Crane Foundation preserve, they headed south to canoe a stretch of the Kickapoo River that winds its way through southwestern Wisconsin before joining the Mississippi. They paddled along a stretch of theKickapoo River, where a20-year preservation venture stopped encroachment by developers and protected the natural setting of the waterway.The students on the River Spirit Exchange ended their first night with singing and stories around the campfire. Organizers say the success and spirit of this first gathering of students will lead to other trips, including one down the Yangtze.Part2 Listening for GistFour out of five of all children who got leukemia* in 1960 died. Now four out of every five survive. The secret of this miraculous change is the rosy periwinkle*, a forest flower which tribal doctors had used for centuries. The United States National Cancer Institute has identified more than 2,000 tropical rainforest plants with ability to fight cancer. In fact, about 4,000 of all drugs given out in the United States today owe much of their strength to chemicals from wildlife, largely from the rainforest.Other drugs include quinine, which comes from a South American tree, and sufferers from high blood pressure get relief from the snakeroot* plant from Indian forests. The armadillo*, of South America is helping us find a cure for leprosy*.Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about some wildlife from forests that can be used in the treatment of certain diseases.2. The key words are leukemia, survive, change, forest flower, 2,000 tropical rainforest plants, fight cancer, quinine, a South American tree, high blood pressure,snakeroot, armadillo, leprosy.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart1 dialogueHow to SucceedDario: I think the most important thing you must have to succeed in Italy is er ... of course, you have to be ambitious, because if you are not ambitious you can'treach your aim, your target. And you must have also a natural ability*,because you must adapt yourself and your work and er ... enjoy your work,of course. And Italian people are used to working a lot and to doing hardwork. Of course you must also know the right people because if you want ajob and you don't know anybody you have to work much harder. Interviewer: So if you were going to choose one factor, Dario, which one do you think would be the most important? Could you choose one?Dario: Yes, ambition.interviewer: Thank you.(Dialogue B)Sue: I think that to be successful in Spain you need ambition, because it's what makes you want to work and do something different. And I think natural ability is also important. To be a good musician and to succeed I think that you musthave something special. And I think that knowing the right people is importantbecause it can save you a lot of time. You don't spend so much time trying toget something if you know people that can help you.Interviewer: What would you say is the most important thing?Sue: Ambition I think is the most important.(Dialogue C)Taylor: I think the most important things are hard work, and good education, and natural ability.The Japanese have a traditional culture and we think that workingindustriously is a virtue, so laziness cannot be accepted by society. And agood education - anyone who wants to and who makes the effort canenter the famous universities, so er ... when we estimate someone's abilitywe look at whether he's graduated from university or not. But if someonewants to succeed, of course he needs ambition and natural ability. Interviewer: So for you, which is the most important factor?Taylor: Oh, in Japan, hard work, definitely.ExerciseDirections: You are going to listen to three people talking about how they succeeded in different countries. Take notes and complete the following grid.Part 2 passageGlobal Economy of the 21st Century1. The move toward a global economy has been further strengthened by the widespread adoption of liberal economic policies.2. Current trends suggest that the world is moving rapidly toward an economic system that is more favorable for the practice of international business.3. The world may be moving toward a more global economic system, but globalization is not inevitable.4. It is simply worth noting that even from a purely economic perspective, globalization is not all good.5. The opportunities for doing business in a global economy may be significantlyenhanced, but the risks associated with global financial contagion are greater.The last quarter of the century has seen rapid changes in the global economy. Barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital have been coming down. The volume of cross-border trade and investment has been growing more rapidly than global output, indicating that national economies are becoming more closely integrated into a single, interdependent, global economic system. As their economies advance, more nations and areas are joining the ranks of the developed world. A generation ago, South Korea and Singapore were viewed as second-tier developing areas. Now they boast powerful economies, and their firms are major players in many global industries from shipbuilding and steel to electronics and chemicals. The move toward a global economy has been further strengthened by the widespread adoption of liberal economic policies by countries that for two generations or more were firmly opposed to them. Thus, following the normative prescriptions of liberal economic ideology,in country after country we are seeing state-owned businesses privatized, widespread deregulation*, markets being opened to more competition, and increased commitment to removing barriers to cross-border trade and investment. This suggests that over the next few decades, countries such as the Czech Republic, Poland, Brazil, China, and South Africa may build powerful market-oriented economies. In short, current trends suggest that the world is moving rapidly toward an economic system that is more favorable for the practice of international business.On the other hand, it is always hazardous to take established trends and use themto predict the future. The world may be moving toward a more global economic system, but globalization is not inevitable. Countries may pull back from the recent commitment to liberal economic ideology if their experiences do not match their expectations. Clearly, this would be a tougher world for international businesses to compete in.Moreover, greater globalization brings with it risks of its own. This was starkly demonstrated in 1997 and 1998 when a financial crisis in Thailand spread first to other East Asian nations and then in 1998 to Russia and Brazil. Ultimately the crisis threatened to plunge the economies of the developed world, including the United States, into a recession. It is simply worth notingthat even from a purely economic perspective*, globalization is not all good.The opportunities for doing business in a global economy may be significantly enhanced, but as we saw in 1997-1998, the risks associated withglobal financial contagion* are also greater. Still, there are ways for firms to exploit the opportunities associated with globalization, while at the same time reducing the risks through appropriate hedging* strategies.A: Pre-listening QuestionWhat will affect the future of global economic development besides political factors?The following two factors must be taken into consideration althoughthere are many others that will decide the future of the development. One isthat the food and energy situation will become worse and worse with theincreasing world population. The other is that our living environment has now been heavily polluted as a result of the booming of modem industries.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences.1. The rapid changes have taken place in the past 25 years in the global economy because barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital have been coming down.2. The volume of cross-border trade and investment results in establishing a single, interdependent, and global economic system.3. The examples of economic development in South Korea and Singaporeshow that more nations are joining the ranks of the developed world.4. The move towards a global economy has been further strengthened by the widespread adoption of liberal economic policies.5. The current trends indicate that the world is moving rapidly to an economic system that is more favorable for the practice of international business.6. This world would be a tougher world for international businesses to compete in if some countries pull back from the recent commitment to liberaleconomic ideology because their experiences do not match their expectations.7. What we can learn from the East Asia financial crisis in 1998 is that globalization brings risks of its own.8. The writer still believes that there are ways for companies to exploit the opportunities associated with globalization in the 21st centuryD: After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1. Greater globalization brings with it risks of its own. This was starkly demonstrated in 1997 and 1998 when a financial crisis in Thailand spread first to other East Asian nations and then in 1998 to Russia and Brazil. Ultimately the crisis threatened to plunge the economies of the developed world, including the United States, into a recession. It is simply worth noting that even from a purely economic perspective, globalization is not all good. The opportunities for doing business in a global economy may be significantly enhanced, but the risks associated with global financial contagion are also greater.2. (Open)Section three NewsNews Item 1Search planes found a 20 kilometer long oil slick, apparently left by the Air France jet.Flight 447 left Rio de Janeiro bound for Paris on Monday. It carried 228 people. Debris found in the ocean could offer clues on why the four year old airplane went down.A meteorologist with AccuWeather tells VOA that Flight 447 may have encountered 160-kilometer-per-hour winds as it flew into strong storms along the equator.The area is called the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. It's where the trade winds between the Northern and Southern hemisphere meet.U.S. pilots who fly this route say the zone's fierce thunderstorms carry moisture lower and therefore often do not appear on radar.Some experts point to severe turbulence or lightning strikes as to the cause. But planes are built to withstand strikes, so pilots say it's doubtful that lightning would be catastrophic.Shortly before it vanished, Flight 447 transmitted automatic messages reporting failures in its pressurization and electrical systems.The Airbus is a "fly-by-wire" plane, meaning it relies totally on electricity to fly.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the crash of an Air France jet.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following outline.The Air CrashAirline and flight number: Air France Flight 447Number of passengers on board: 228Tim of the accident: MondayRoute of the flight: from Rio de Janeiro to ParisYears of service of the plane: 4Possible explanation:1. Flight 447 may have encountered 160-kilometer-per-hour winds as it flew into strong storms along the equator.2. The zone's fierce thunderstorms carry moisture lower and therefore often do not appear on radar.3. Severe turbulence or lightning strikes may cause the catastrophe.News Item2It was a nation already vulnerable, the poorest in the Western hemisphere, with a history of lax construction. The International Red Cross says the 7.0 earthquake in Haiti leaves close to a third of the population in need of emergency aid. Thousands are feared dead.Haiti's ambassador to the United States, Raymond Joseph is calling for up to quadruple the amount of U.S. aid to his country, which now stands at about $300 million. He calls on the international community to help as well.The United Nations said Wednesday that more than 100 people are missing from its wrecked headquarters.Meantime, aid from around the world is bound for Haiti on its way from a range of countries including Iceland, China and Israel.People have sent their donations to various relief organizations and their prayers, including the Pope.The United Nations reports that the main airport in Haiti's capital is operational and open to relief flights in the coming days.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the earthquake in Haiti and the international aid.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1. It is a vulnerable, the poorest in the Western hemisphere.2. A 7.0 earthquake hit the country.3. A third of the population are in need of emergency aid.4. About $300 million.5. More than 100 people are missing.News Item3The hardest hit countries are Angola and Namibia, which are experiencing the worst floods since 1963. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported in Angola, 21 people have been killed and an estimated 200,000 affected.It said the number is likely to increase once UN aid workers are able to reach areas that currently are inaccessible because of the floods.Official figures indicate more than 3200 houses have been destroyed, as well as more than 100 schools. It says schools and other public buildings are being used as shelters. So, classes are interrupted.OCHA Spokeswoman, Elizabeth Byrs, told VOA all provinces are reporting widespread destruction of crops and food reserves. She says malnutrition rates are likely to increase in the coming weeks.UN and private aid agencies on Monday issued a flash appeal for $2.75 million to support the immediate needs of up to 350,000 people affected by floods in Namibia.OCHA reported 92 people have died and 13,000 have been displaced. It said more than 50 percent of roads have been damaged in the affected areas and this is making it extremely difficult for people to get to health facilities, schools and market places.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the effects of the floods on Angola and Namibia.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide the following statements are true or false.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. FSection Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportLethal Snake Bites Kill 200,000 a YearLarry Bulanadi is known in the Philippines as the Cobra King, because of his skill in hunting the feared spitting cobra - a highly venomous snake that spits toxin at its prey.Farmers have asked him to rid their farms of cobras.Today Bulanadi was called by this farmer who found two snakes in his field. If he gets bitten by a cobra, he could die quickly. Hospitals are far away and often they do not even have antivenin.The World Health Organization (WHO) says about five million people around the world are bitten by snakes each year. As many as 200,000 die, and about 400,000 lose limbs. Most victims are in developing countries in Africa and Asia.The WHO says victims in developing countries, many of them children, die because they are far from medical help and because there is a global scarcity of antivenin.Dr. Visith Sitprija runs the WHO Collaborating Center for Venomous Snake Toxicology and Research in Bangkok. He says the high cost of producing antivenin means poorer countries such as Cambodia and Burma cannot get adequate supplies.Unlike other medicines that can be mass-produced, Dr. Visith says antivenin is often tailor-made for snakes from specific locations. "Although they may share the common toxin component, the biological effect varies, you know depending on theenvironment, genetics and the food they eat."That means antivenin for a spitting cobra in the Philippines may not work on someone bitten by a similar snake in West Africa.In this snake farm in Bangkok, children are introduced to a variety of snakes. They learn that most snakes bite people only by accident, and they learn ways to avoid bites - such as wearing rubber boots.For now, experts say the best ways to reduce the death and injury toll from snake bites are prevention and education.A: Directions: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about the number of victims of snake bites each year due to a global scarcity of antivenin.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. T7. T8. TPart2 PassageEcology or Economy?1)For years, people in the region bet on its potential for economic developmentbased on conservation, but the tourists don't come in the needed numbers.2)Signs of economic hard times abound in a city of 90,000 people, and streets arefilled with idle young men claiming to be guides.3)The governor of the state says the solution to the region's economic woes lies inthe 3, 150-kilometer pipeline that runs through the state.4)They fear an expanding industrial economy could not help but harm the145,040-square-kilometer flood plain, which sprawls over parts of two Brazilian states.5)The US based energy company has already backed out of a proposal to build athermoelectric plant, citing the stringent environmental regulations.They come from as far away as Germany and Japan, eager to marvel atthe alligators* and to fish for rainbow trout* in the lea-hued waters, to stand under skies busy with white storks* and red-and-blue macaws*.But the tourists don't come in the needed numbers. If ever a place seemed made for ecotourism, it was Brazil's Pantanal - the world's biggest expanse of wetlands. For years, people in the region bet on its potential for economic development based on conservation.Not anymore. Tourism has failed to bring the hoped-for prosperity, andthe support is growing for old-fashioned industrial development - even if that means perhaps irreversible damage to the ecosystem.Environmentalists say there still is room to develop ecotourism. They argue that businesses in the Pantanal have concentrated too much on simple fishing tours that have depleted the region's once-rich fish stocks.But signs of economic hard times abound in Corumba, a city of 90,000 people 1,600 kilometers northwest of Rio de Janeiro. Streets are filled withidle young men claiming to be Pantanal guides, hustling everything fromtours to cheap Bolivian cocaine to sex with young girls.With ranching and farming limited by the Pantanal's poor soil andseasonal flooding, conservation now seems to many people a luxury theregion can no longer afford.The governor of the state says the solution to the region's economic woes lies in the 3, 150-kilometer pipeline that runs through the state carrying natural gas from Bolivia to Brazil's industrial capital of Sao Paulo.He wants to build a thermoelectric* plant, a steel mill and apetrochemical complex to be fueled by the gas and turn this sleepy colonialcity into a hub of industry.Environmentalists disagree. They fear an expanding industrial economy could not help but harm the 145,040-square-kilometer flood plain, which sprawls over parts of two Brazilian states and into Bolivia.This could be disastrous for the Pantanal, home to some 650 bird species, 230 fish species, 80 mammal species and more than 1,000 kinds of butterflies.The Pantanal is essentially an enormous settling pond with virtually no flushing* mechanism, industrial pollutants could quickly build up, poisoning the more fragile species and provoking a catastrophic domino effect* running up the food chain.Pressure from environmentalists also helped stall a multibillion-dollar plan todeepen and straighten the Paraguay River, which runs through the Pantanal, as part of a project to create a river link from the Atlantic Ocean to the heart of South America.The US-based energy company El Paso Corp has already backed out of a proposal to build a thermoelectric plant in Corumba, citing the stringent* environmental regulations.Still, some environmentalists fear regulations alone won't be enough if the state builds thermoelectric plants and a steel mill.It's not just the pollution. These projects will bring more and more people into a region with a very precarious* infrastructure ..Some people warn that the promise of industrial development could be just as illusory* as ecotourism.A：Pre-listening QuestionWhat is ecology and what is ecotourism?Ecology is the study of the relationships between plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balances between those relationships. The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people". This means that those who implement and participate in ecotourism activities should follow the following principles:➢Minimize impact;➢Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect;➢Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts;➢Provide direct financial benefits for conservation;➢Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people;➢Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climate;➢Support international human rights and labor agreements.B：Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C：Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1. Because Pantanal is the world's biggest expanse of wetlands.2. Because tourism has failed to bring the hoped-for prosperity.3. Because Pantanal has concentrated too much on simple fishing tours.4. Because the soil at Pantanal is very poor and seasonal flooding makes it even harder to ranch or farm.5. Home to some 650 bird species, 230 fish species, 80 mammal species and more than 1,000 kinds of butterflies could be ruined.6. Pressure from environmentalists helped stall the plan.7. Regulations alone won't be enough. A very precarious infrastructure must be taken into consideration.8. The result will be the same as what people believed in the development of ecotourism.D：After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. Environmentalists say there still is room to develop ecotourism. They argue that businesses in the Pantanal have concentrated too much on simple fishing tours that have depleted the region's once-rich fish stocks.Environmentalists disagree with the building of a thermoelectric plant, a steel mill and a petrochemical complex in the area. They fear an expanding industrial economy could not help but harm the 145,040-square-kilometer flood plain. Pressure from environmentalists also helped stall a multibillion-dollar plan to deepen and straighten the Paraguay River, which runs through the Pantanal, as part of a project to create a river link from the Atlantic Ocean to the heart of South America. 2. (Open)。
施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit(00002)
施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-2答案UNIT 2Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationMy MotherMy mother was an efficient (1) taskmaster who cooked, cleaned and shopped for nine people (2) on a daily basis. She was a disciplinarian* who would (3) make us seven kids walk up and down the stairs a hundred times if we clumped like (4)field hands to-dinner. She also enlisted us to help her in the day's (5) chores.My mother believed that each of her children had a special (6) knack that made him or her invaluable on certain (7)missions.My brother Mike, for example, was believed to have especially (8) keen eyesight. He was hoisted up as a human (9) telescope whenever she needed to see something (10) far away. John was the climber when a kite (11) got caught. My own job was navigator for our (12) gigantic old Chrysler.But my mother's (13) ability to get work done well was only (14) one side. She also had an (15) imagination that carried her in different directions. That (16) allowed her to transcend her everyday life. She did not (17) believe in magic as portrayed on a stage, but (18) valued instead the sound of a metal bucket being (19)filled by a hose, or the persistence of a dandelion at the (20)edge of a woodpile.Part 2 Listening for GistFor hundreds of years man has been fascinated by the idea of flying. One of the first men to produce designs for aircraft was Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist who lived in the fifteenth century. However, it was not until the eighteenth century that people began to fly, or perhaps it would be better to say float, across the countryside in balloons. The first hot-air balloon was made in April 1783 by the Montgolfier brothers in France.In the following years many flights were made by balloon. Some of the flights were for pleasure and others were for delivering mail and for military purposes, such as observation and even bombing. However, in the late nineteenth century, airship s superseded balloons as a form of transport.Airships came after balloons. The first powered and manned flight was made by a Frenchman, Giffard, in September 1852. His airship, powered by steam, traveled twenty-seven kilometers from Paris to Trappes at a speed of eight kilometers per hour. However the days of the airship were numbered as the aero- plane became increasingly safe and popular.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This passage is about the early history of flying.2.The key words are designs, an Italian artist, fifteenth century, eighteenthcentury, fly, float, balloons, hot-air balloon, April 1783, airships, September 1852, aeroplane.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueBuying a CarA: Good morning, can I help you?B: Yes, I'm interested in buying a car.A: Have you anything in mind?B: Not really.A: What price are you thinking of?B: Not more than £13,500.A: Let's see now ... Over there between the Lancia and the Volvo is a Mini. It costs £12,830 and is cheap to run: It does 38 miles per gallon. Or there's the Citroen, behind the Mini. It costs £12,070 and is even cheaper to run than the Mini: It does 45 miles per gallon. It's not very fast though. It only does 69 miles per hour.B: No, I think the Mini and the Citroen are too small. I've got three children.Isn't there anything bigger at that price?A: Well, there's the Toyota over there, to the left of the Peugeot. It's very comfortable and costs £13,040. It's cheap to run too, and it also has a built-in radio. Or there's the Renault at the back of the showroom, behind the Peugeot. It costs a little more, £13,240, but it is cheaper to run. It does 40 miles per gallon and the Toyota only does 36 miles per gallon.B: What about that Volkswagen over there, in front of the Toyota?A: That costs a little more than £13,500 but it's a very reliable car. It's more expensive to run than the others: It does 34 miles per gallon, but it's faster.Its top speed is 90 miles per hour. The Toyota's is 80 miles per hour and the Renault's is 82 miles per hour.B: How much does it cost?A: £13,630 and that includes a 5-year guarantee.B: And the Fiat next to the Volkswagen?A: Again that's more than £13,500, but it's cheaper than the Volkswagen. It costs £13,550.B: Hmm well, I'll have to think about it and study these pamphlets. How much is that Peugeot incidentally, behind the Lancia?A: Oh, that's expensive. It costs £15,190.B: Yes, that is a bit too much. Thank you very much for your help. Goodbye.Part 2 PassageThe Wrights ’ StoryOn the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, four flights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright. The starts were all made from a point on the level sand about 200 feet west of our camp, which is located a quarter of a mile north of the Kill Devil sand hill, in Dare County, North Carolina.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity* of 27 miles an hour at 10 a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer* at the Kitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.The flights were directly against the wind. Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alone with no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.After a run of about 40 feet along a monorail* track, which held the machine 8 inches (20 centimeters) from the ground, it rose from the track and under the direction of the operator climbed upward on an inclined course till a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached, after which the course was kept as near horizontal as the wind gusts and the limited skill of the operator would permit.Into the teeth of a December gale （逆风） the "Flyer" made its way forward with a speed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.It had previously been decided that for reasons of personal safety these first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible. The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering* in so gusty a wind and with no previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms. Consequently the first flight was short.The succeeding flights rapidly increased in length ，and at the fourth trial a flight of 59 seconds was made, in which time the machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air and a distance of 852 feet over the ground.The landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of the aviator. After passing over a little hummock* of sand, in attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder* too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected. The reverse movement of the rudder was a fraction of a second (转瞬间，顷刻) too late to prevent the machine from touching the ground and thus ending the flight. T £13,040 36m/g80m/hC £12,070 45m/g69m/hF£13,550VW £13,630 34m/g 90m/h M £12,830 38m/g V £15,850As winter was already well set in, we should have postponed the trials to a more favorable season, but we were determined to know whether the machine possessed sufficient power to fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous* winds, as well as in calm air.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionOrville Wright (1871-1948), American aeronautical engineer, famous for his role in the first controlled, powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine and for his participation in the design of the aircraft's control system. Wright worked closely with his brother, Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), American aeronautical engineer, in designing and flying the Wright airplane.During the years 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903, the two brothers developed the first effective airplane. At Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first successful flight of a piloted, heavier-than-air, self-propelled craft, called the Flyer. The third Flyer, which the Wrights constructed in 1905, was the world's first fully practical airplane. It could bank, turn, circle, make figure eights, and remain in the air for as long as the fuel lasted, up to half an hour on occasion.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1.On the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, fourflights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.Under the direction of the operator it climbed upward on an inclined coursetill a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached.3.Into the teeth of a December gale the "Flyer" made its way forward with aspeed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.4.The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering in so gusty a wind and withno previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms.5 .In attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1.Four flights were made on the morning of December 17, 1903, two by OrvilleWright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity of 27 miles an hour at 10a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer at theKitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.3.Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alonewith no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.4.The machine ran about 40 feet along a monorail track before it rose from thetrack.5.These first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible for reasonsof personal safety.6.The machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air in 59 secondsat the fourth trial.7.The early landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of theaviator.8.As winter was already well set in, it was not a favorable season for the trials. Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.Because they wanted to know whether the machine possessed sufficient powerto fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous winds as well as in calm air.2.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1World Basketball ChampionshipThe semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament is later today (Saturday) in the mid-western (US) state of Indiana.Argentina is the only undefeated team at the tournament. The South Americans have outscored their opponents by an average of 19 points per game. On Wednesday, Argentina shocked the host United States (87-80) to snap a 58-game international winning streak* by professional squads of the National Basketball Association players.Argentina also defeated Brazil (78-67) to reach the semifinal round where the team will face Germany. Primarily using European experienced players, Argentina defeated Germany earlier in the second round, 86-77.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States (81-78) in the quarterfinals, plays upstart* New Zealand. But Yugoslav head coach Svetislav Pesic says he is not surprised.The losers of each game will play for the third place on Sunday before the championship game.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.In the second round Argentina defeated Germany 86-77.2.Argentina also defeated Brazil to reach the seminal round.3.Before the semifinal round Argentina is the only undefeated team at thetournament.4.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States in thequarterfinals, plays against New Zealand.5.The four teams that will play in the semifinals are Argentina, Germany,Yugoslavia and New Zealand.6.The losers of each game will play for the third place before thechampionship game.News Item 2European FootballEnglish football club Liverpool crashed out of the Champions League, despite fighting back from a 3-0 deficit to tie FC Basel 3-3 in Switzerland. Liverpool needed a win Tuesday to qualify / for the second phase. Instead, the English club will play for the UEFA Cup. Basel became the first Swiss side ever to reach the last 16 of the Champions League, qualifying second in Group B· behind Valencia of Spain, which beat Spartak Moscow 3-0.English champion Arsenal played to a scoreless home draw against Dutch-side PSV Eindhoven to top Group A and move into the second phase, where the team will be seeded. They'll be joined by German team Borussia Dortmund*, which advanced despite a 1-0 loss to Auxerre in France.AS Roma played to a 1-1 draw against AEK Athens in Italy, to capture second place in Group C. Group winner Real Madrid of Spain will also advance, after drawing 1-1 with Racing Genk* in Belgium.In Group D, Inter Milan of Italy got a pair of goals from Hernan Crespo to beat Ajax Amsterdam 2-1 in the Netherlands. Both teams qualified at the expense of French side Lyon, which was held to a 1-1 draw by Rosenborg in Norway.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about European football matches.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNews Item 3Kemper Open Golf PreviewThe annual Kemper Open* golf tournament gets underway Thursdaynear Washington at the Tournament Players Club at Avenel.Twenty-eight-year-old American Rich Beem is back to defend his title. Before his victory here, he had missed the halfway cuts in five straight tournaments. He hopes he can again find his form during the next four days, as he is currently 132nd on the money list.The player who is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings, American Tiger Woods, decided to skip this event after winningthe rain-delayed Memorial Open in (Dublin) Ohio on Monday.Compatriot* Jeff Sluman says even Tiger has to take periodic breaks.He's unbelievable. He's got an opportunity, as I said even a couple years ago, if he stays healthy and does the right things, he can maybe be the best golfer of all time, and he's showing right now what he can do. The kid is just a fabulous,fabulous player, but he can't play every week."Eight of the past 10 Kemper Open winners are in this year's field of 156 golfers, who are vying for three million dollars in prize money. The first-place check has been increased from 450 thousand to 540 thousand dollars.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about an annual Kemper Open golf tournament on Thursday. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions."1.The Kemper Open golf tournament will be held on Thursday.2.Rich Beem comes back to defend his title.3.He is currently ranked 132nd on the money list.4.Tiger Woods is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings.5.He has to take a break after a match on Monday.6.There are 156 golfers taking part in this event.7.The total prize money is three million dollars.8.The prize for the first place is 540 thousand dollarsSection Four Supplementary ExercisePart 1 Feature ReportUS Men’s National Collegiate Basketball Tournament The widely followed US men's national collegiate basketball tournament concludes tonight (9 p.m. EST) in Atlanta with a championship match-up* between Maryland and Indiana.Maryland is in the championship game for the first time in the school history. To get here, the Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketball traditions: Kentucky, Connecticut and Kansas.Now they face another, Indiana. While Maryland was one of the four top seeds in this 65-team tournament, the Indiana Hoosiers* were a fifth seed, and virtually no one expected them to reach the title game*. But they knocked off defending champion Duke in the third round, and in the semifinals they upset Oklahoma.Maryland coach Gary Williams knows it will take a solid effort to win. "Any team that's gotten to where Indiana has gotten, you don't look at their record. You look at how they're playing now, how they play. Any time a team plays team defense like they do, they have a chance to beat anybody. That's what concerns me the most, their ability to play together as a unit, because a lot of times you can play with anybody when you play that close together like they do."Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season. The last time a team won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas in 1988. Maryland has a school record of 31 wins against only 4 losses. It has three seniors in the starting line-up* who reached the semifinals last year, and they are determined that this time they will take home the school's first men's national basketball championship.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about two teams that will compete for the championship of US men's national collegiate basketball tournament.Exercises BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.M aryland moves in the championship game for the first time in the schoolhistory.2.The Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketballtraditions before it reached the title game.3.Among the 65 teams, the Indiana team was a fifth seed.4.Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season.st year the Maryland Terrapins reached the semifinals.6. In 1988, the team who won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas.Part 2 PassageWho on Earth Invented the Airplane?1. He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Parisapartment and during the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visitfriends.2. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as theinventor of the airplane all over Europe.3. But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicitan avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count.4. His flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flewa predetermined length and then landed safely.5. By the time the Brazilian got around to(开始考虑做) his maidenflight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times,including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont, a bon vivant as well-known for his aerial prowess as he was for his dandyish* dress and place in the high-society life of Belle Epoque Paris.As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric* Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine."He would keep his dirigible* tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and every night he would fly to Maxim's for dinner. During the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends," Hoffman said.It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption* with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as the inventor of the airplane all over Europe.It was only later that Orville and Wilbur Wright proved they had beaten Santos-Dumont at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, three years earlier.But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicit* an avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count."It's one of the biggest frauds* in history," scoffs Wagner Diogo, a taxi driver in Rio de Janeiro."No one saw it, and they used a catapult* to launch the airplane."The debate centers on the definition of flight.Henrique Lins de Barros, a Brazilian physicist and Santos-Dumont expert, argues that the Wright brothers' flight did not fulfill the conditions that had been set up at the time to distinguish a true flight from a prolonged hop.Santos-Dumont's flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flew a predetermined length and then landed safely."If we understand what the criteria were at the end of the 19th century,the Wright brothers simply did not fill any of the prerequisites," said Lins de Barros.Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros concede* this is wrong. He says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in / Washington, says such claims are preposterous*.By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Even in France the Wrights are considered to have flown beforeSantos-Dumont, says Claude Carlier, director of the French Center for the History of Aeronautics and Space.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in .1901,Santos-Dumont helped prove that air travel could be controlled.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionAlberto Santos-Dumont was a wealthy Brazilian aviation pioneer who came to Paris, France, at the age of 18 to live and study. He attempted his first balloon ascent in 1897 and had his first successful ascent in 1898. He began to construct dirigible airships powered with gasoline-powered engines in 1898 and built and flew fourteen of the small dirigibles. In 1901, he flew his hydrogen-filled airship from St. Cloud, around the Eiffel Tower, and back to St. Cloud. It was the first such flight and won him the Deutsch Prize and a prize from the Brazilian government. In 1902, he attempted to cross the Mediterranean in an airship but crashed into the sea. In 1909, he produced his "Demoiselle" or "Grasshopper" monoplane, the precursor to the modern light plane.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.-T- 1. The Brazilians believe that it was Alberto Santos-Dumont who invented the airplane.(Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont ... )-T- 2. In Paul Hoffman's day Alberto Santos-Dumont was the only person to own a flying machine.(As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine.)-T- 3. According to Hoffman, Alberto Santos-Dumont used his dirigible as a means of transportation.(He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and he would fly to Maxim's for dinner every night and he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends during the day.)-F 4. On November 12, 1906, Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like device with boxy wings some 200 meters on the outskirts of Paris.(It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris.)-T- 5. Some Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with assistance by a device.(Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.)-T- 6. Some experts believe steady wind might have helped the Flyer's takeoff. (Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros ... , Lins de Barros says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.)-F7. Officials from the US National Air Force say such claims are groundless.(Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in Washington, says such claims are preposterous.)-T-8. The Wrights had already made several successful flights before Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight.(By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in 1901, Santos-Dumonthelped prove that air travel could be controlled.2.(Open)。
施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-2答案
施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-2答案UNIT 2Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationMy MotherMy mother was an efficient (1) taskmaster who cooked, cleaned and shopped for nine people (2) on a daily basis. She was a disciplinarian* who would (3) make us seven kids walk up and down the stairs a hundred times if we clumped like (4)field hands to-dinner. She also enlisted us to help her in the day's (5) chores.My mother believed that each of her children had a special (6) knack that made him or her invaluable on certain (7)missions.My brother Mike, for example, was believed to have especially (8) keen eyesight. He was hoisted up as a human (9) telescope whenever she needed to see something (10) far away. John was the climber when a kite (11) got caught. My own job was navigator for our (12) gigantic old Chrysler.But my mother's (13) ability to get work done well was only (14) one side. She also had an (15) imagination that carried her in different directions. That (16) allowed her to transcend her everyday life. She did not (17) believe in magic as portrayed on a stage, but (18) valued instead the sound of a metal bucket being (19)filled by a hose, or the persistence of a dandelion at the (20)edge of a woodpile.Part 2 Listening for GistFor hundreds of years man has been fascinated by the idea of flying. One of the first men to produce designs for aircraft was Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist who lived in the fifteenth century. However, it was not until the eighteenth century that people began to fly, or perhaps it would be better to say float, across the countryside in balloons. The first hot-air balloon was made in April 1783 by the Montgolfier brothers in France.In the following years many flights were made by balloon. Some of the flights were for pleasure and others were for delivering mail and for military purposes, such as observation and even bombing. However, in the late nineteenth century, airship s superseded balloons as a form of transport.Airships came after balloons. The first powered and manned flight was made by a Frenchman, Giffard, in September 1852. His airship, powered by steam, traveled twenty-seven kilometers from Paris to Trappes at a speed of eight kilometers per hour. However the days of the airship were numbered as the aero- plane became increasingly safe and popular.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This passage is about the early history of flying.2.The key words are designs, an Italian artist, fifteenth century, eighteenthcentury, fly, float, balloons, hot-air balloon, April 1783, airships, September 1852, aeroplane.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueBuying a CarAs winter was already well set in, we should have postponed the trials to a more favorable season, but we were determined to know whether the machine possessed sufficient power to fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous* winds, as well as in calm air.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionOrville Wright (1871-1948), American aeronautical engineer, famous for his role in the first controlled, powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine and for his participation in the design of the aircraft's control system. Wright worked closely with his brother, Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), American aeronautical engineer, in designing and flying the Wright airplane.During the years 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903, the two brothers developed the first effective airplane. At Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first successful flight of a piloted, heavier-than-air, self-propelled craft, called the Flyer. The third Flyer, which the Wrights constructed in 1905, was the world's first fully practical airplane. It could bank, turn, circle, make figure eights, and remain in the air for as long as the fuel lasted, up to half an hour on occasion.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1.On the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, fourflights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.Under the direction of the operator it climbed upward on an inclined coursetill a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached.3.Into the teeth of a December gale the "Flyer" made its way forward with aspeed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.4.The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering in so gusty a wind and withno previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms.5 .In attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1.Four flights were made on the morning of December 17, 1903, two by OrvilleWright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity of 27 miles an hour at 10a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer at theKitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.3.Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alonewith no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.4.The machine ran about 40 feet along a monorail track before it rose from thetrack.5.These first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible for reasonsof personal safety.6.The machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air in 59 secondsat the fourth trial.7.The early landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of theaviator.8.As winter was already well set in, it was not a favorable season for the trials. Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.Because they wanted to know whether the machine possessed sufficient powerto fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous winds as well as in calm air.2.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1World Basketball ChampionshipThe semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament is later today (Saturday) in the mid-western (US) state of Indiana.Argentina is the only undefeated team at the tournament. The South Americans have outscored their opponents by an average of 19 points per game. On Wednesday, Argentina shocked the host United States (87-80) to snap a 58-game international winning streak* by professional squads of the National Basketball Association players.Argentina also defeated Brazil (78-67) to reach the semifinal round where the team will face Germany. Primarily using European experienced players, Argentina defeated Germany earlier in the second round, 86-77.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States (81-78) in the quarterfinals, plays upstart* New Zealand. But Yugoslav head coach Svetislav Pesic says he is not surprised.The losers of each game will play for the third place on Sunday before the championship game.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.In the second round Argentina defeated Germany 86-77.2.Argentina also defeated Brazil to reach the seminal round.3.Before the semifinal round Argentina is the only undefeated team at thetournament.4.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States in thequarterfinals, plays against New Zealand.5.The four teams that will play in the semifinals are Argentina, Germany,Yugoslavia and New Zealand.6.The losers of each game will play for the third place before thechampionship game.News Item 2European FootballEnglish football club Liverpool crashed out of the Champions League, despite fighting back from a 3-0 deficit to tie FC Basel 3-3 in Switzerland. Liverpool needed a win Tuesday to qualify / for the second phase. Instead, the English club will play for the UEFA Cup. Basel became the first Swiss side ever to reach the last 16 of the Champions League, qualifying second in Group B· behind Valencia of Spain, which beat Spartak Moscow 3-0.English champion Arsenal played to a scoreless home draw against Dutch-side PSV Eindhoven to top Group A and move into the second phase, where the team will be seeded. They'll be joined by German team Borussia Dortmund*, which advanced despite a 1-0 loss to Auxerre in France.AS Roma played to a 1-1 draw against AEK Athens in Italy, to capture second place in Group C. Group winner Real Madrid of Spain will also advance, after drawing 1-1 with Racing Genk* in Belgium.In Group D, Inter Milan of Italy got a pair of goals from Hernan Crespo to beat Ajax Amsterdam 2-1 in the Netherlands. Both teams qualified at the expense of French side Lyon, which was held to a 1-1 draw by Rosenborg in Norway.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about European football matches.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNews Item 3Kemper Open Golf PreviewThe annual Kemper Open* golf tournament gets underway Thursdaynear Washington at the Tournament Players Club at Avenel.Twenty-eight-year-old American Rich Beem is back to defend his title. Before his victory here, he had missed the halfway cuts in five straight tournaments. He hopes he can again find his form during the next four days, as he is currently 132nd on the money list.The player who is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings, American Tiger Woods, decided to skip this event after winningthe rain-delayed Memorial Open in (Dublin) Ohio on Monday.Compatriot* Jeff Sluman says even Tiger has to take periodic breaks.He's unbelievable. He's got an opportunity, as I said even a couple years ago, if he stays healthy and does the right things, he can maybe be the best golfer of all time, and he's showing right now what he can do. The kid is just a fabulous,fabulous player, but he can't play every week."Eight of the past 10 Kemper Open winners are in this year's field of 156 golfers, who are vying for three million dollars in prize money. The first-place check has been increased from 450 thousand to 540 thousand dollars.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about an annual Kemper Open golf tournament on Thursday. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions."1.The Kemper Open golf tournament will be held on Thursday.2.Rich Beem comes back to defend his title.3.He is currently ranked 132nd on the money list.4.Tiger Woods is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings.5.He has to take a break after a match on Monday.6.There are 156 golfers taking part in this event.7.The total prize money is three million dollars.8.The prize for the first place is 540 thousand dollarsSection Four Supplementary ExercisePart 1 Feature ReportUS Men’s National Collegiate Basketball Tournament The widely followed US men's national collegiate basketball tournament concludes tonight (9 p.m. EST) in Atlanta with a championship match-up* between Maryland and Indiana.Maryland is in the championship game for the first time in the school history. To get here, the Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketball traditions: Kentucky, Connecticut and Kansas.Now they face another, Indiana. While Maryland was one of the four top seeds in this 65-team tournament, the Indiana Hoosiers* were a fifth seed, and virtually no one expected them to reach the title game*. But they knocked off defending champion Duke in the third round, and in the semifinals they upset Oklahoma.Maryland coach Gary Williams knows it will take a solid effort to win. "Any team that's gotten to where Indiana has gotten, you don't look at their record. You look at how they're playing now, how they play. Any time a team plays team defense like they do, they have a chance to beat anybody. That's what concerns me the most, their ability to play together as a unit, because a lot of times you can play with anybody when you play that close together like they do."Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season. The last time a team won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas in 1988. Maryland has a school record of 31 wins against only 4 losses. It has three seniors in the starting line-up* who reached the semifinals last year, and they are determined that this time they will take home the school's first men's national basketball championship.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about two teams that will compete for the championship of US men's national collegiate basketball tournament.Exercises BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.M aryland moves in the championship game for the first time in the schoolhistory.2.The Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketballtraditions before it reached the title game.3.Among the 65 teams, the Indiana team was a fifth seed.4.Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season.st year the Maryland Terrapins reached the semifinals.6. In 1988, the team who won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas.Part 2 PassageWho on Earth Invented the Airplane?1. He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Parisapartment and during the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visitfriends.2. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as theinventor of the airplane all over Europe.3. But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicitan avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count.4. His flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flewa predetermined length and then landed safely.5. By the time the Brazilian got around to(开始考虑做) his maidenflight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times,including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont, a bon vivant as well-known for his aerial prowess as he was for his dandyish* dress and place in the high-society life of Belle Epoque Paris.As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric* Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine."He would keep his dirigible* tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and every night he would fly to Maxim's for dinner. During the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends," Hoffman said.It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption* with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as the inventor of the airplane all over Europe.It was only later that Orville and Wilbur Wright proved they had beaten Santos-Dumont at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, three years earlier.But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicit* an avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count."It's one of the biggest frauds* in history," scoffs Wagner Diogo, a taxi driver in Rio de Janeiro."No one saw it, and they used a catapult* to launch the airplane."The debate centers on the definition of flight.Henrique Lins de Barros, a Brazilian physicist and Santos-Dumont expert, argues that the Wright brothers' flight did not fulfill the conditions that had been set up at the time to distinguish a true flight from a prolonged hop.Santos-Dumont's flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flew a predetermined length and then landed safely."If we understand what the criteria were at the end of the 19th century,the Wright brothers simply did not fill any of the prerequisites," said Lins de Barros.Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros concede* this is wrong. He says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in / Washington, says such claims are preposterous*.By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Even in France the Wrights are considered to have flown beforeSantos-Dumont, says Claude Carlier, director of the French Center for the History of Aeronautics and Space.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in .1901,Santos-Dumont helped prove that air travel could be controlled.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionAlberto Santos-Dumont was a wealthy Brazilian aviation pioneer who came to Paris, France, at the age of 18 to live and study. He attempted his first balloon ascent in 1897 and had his first successful ascent in 1898. He began to construct dirigible airships powered with gasoline-powered engines in 1898 and built and flew fourteen of the small dirigibles. In 1901, he flew his hydrogen-filled airship from St. Cloud, around the Eiffel Tower, and back to St. Cloud. It was the first such flight and won him the Deutsch Prize and a prize from the Brazilian government. In 1902, he attempted to cross the Mediterranean in an airship but crashed into the sea. In 1909, he produced his "Demoiselle" or "Grasshopper" monoplane, the precursor to the modern light plane.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.-T- 1. The Brazilians believe that it was Alberto Santos-Dumont who invented the airplane.(Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont ... )-T- 2. In Paul Hoffman's day Alberto Santos-Dumont was the only person to own a flying machine.(As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine.)-T- 3. According to Hoffman, Alberto Santos-Dumont used his dirigible as a means of transportation.(He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and he would fly to Maxim's for dinner every night and he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends during the day.)-F 4. On November 12, 1906, Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like device with boxy wings some 200 meters on the outskirts of Paris.(It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris.)-T- 5. Some Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with assistance by a device.(Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.)-T- 6. Some experts believe steady wind might have helped the Flyer's takeoff. (Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros ... , Lins de Barros says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.)-F7. Officials from the US National Air Force say such claims are groundless.(Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in Washington, says such claims are preposterous.)-T-8. The Wrights had already made several successful flights before Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight.(By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in 1901, Santos-Dumonthelped prove that air travel could be controlled.2.(Open)。
听力教程3-施心远-原文
unit 1V ocabularySection 1Part 1 PhoneticsKey:for you; who’s; know him; That’s ; you’ll be; When’s; We’re; can all; Part 2 . Listening and Note-takingextension n. 分机There are telephone extensions in every office. 每间办公室都有分机.Electronicshairdresser’soperatorKey:on holiday;South of France; home; her sister’s; the hairdresser’s DialogueSection 2Part 1Dialogue 1.Key :1.Professor AndrewsDr.Baxter.2. AlEric3. Sally Steve4. Tony Mary Parker5. Susan RoperJohn Lee6. Al Eric7. Tony Mary ParkerDialogue 2.hijack vt劫持They planned to hijack a plane.他们计划劫持一架飞机.central heatingcupboardblanketSwitzerlandextraKey :1. T2.T3.T4.F5. T6.T7.F8.TPart 2Passageflavour n.味道vt.给...加味I don't like the flavour of onion.我不喜欢洋葱的味道.vanilla n.香草He used to love milk flavoured with vanilla.他过去常爱喝带香草味的牛奶.cafe n.咖啡馆,小餐馆This cafe keeps late into the night这家咖啡馆一直开到深夜.puff n.一阵;一股A puff of wind blew out the candle.一阵风吹熄了蜡烛.The stove let out a puff of smoke.炉子里冒出一股烟.crossly adv.生气地She looked at her husband crossly.她生气地看着自己的丈夫.lemon ; orange; chocolate; coffee;vanilla tourist; crowded; orderlaughter; menu;tray; plain ice creamtourist attractionbargainKey:1.B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.ASection 3.News item 1jury n.陪审团The case was tried before a jury.此案是有陪审团参加审理的.condemn vt.谴责Most people are willing to condemn violence. 大部分的人极力谴责暴力.Anron case 安然事件scandal 丑闻accounting fraud 财务造假financial recordtonsmisuse of government powerfederaljusticeenergy traderaccounting firmhinderKey :A.blocking investigationB.1. F 2. T 3. TIn Houston ,Texas, a federal investigation jury has charged the Arthur Anderson pany with blocking efforts to seek justice in the Enron case.Arthur Anderson employees kept financial records and provided advice to the failed energy pany Enron. The charges say Arthur Anderson destroyed tons of documents while an investigation was taking place after Enron’s failure. The Arthur Anderson pany condemnedthe charges as aserious misuse of government power.News Item 2defense ministry 国防部North Atlantic Treaty Organization spokesmanVladimir Putinalliancemembershipexpansion to the eastgeneral secretaryentryKey :A.NATO Secretary General’s visit to Moscow for talks aimed at calming Russian fears about NATO’s future plans.B.Participants: NATO Secretary GeneralGeorge President Vladimir Putin andother officials.Place: MoscowPurpose: to calm Russian fears about NATO’s future plans. Situation:NATO continues to expand to the east. Russia’s opinion:1.Russia strongly opposes NATO membership2.Russia will take extra security measuresNATO Secretary General George Robertson has arrived in Moscow for talks aimed at calming Russian fears about NATO’s future plans. He is expected to meet with President Vladmir Putin and other officials. Mr. Robertson saysNATO’s expansion to the east will not harm the balance in Europe.Russian strongly opposesNATO membership for Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia.A Defense Ministry spokesman reportedly said the entry of these countries would threaten Russia’s security interests. He says Russia will takeextra security measures if they join the alliance. NATO will consider their membership next year.News item 3Federal Security Service联邦安全局American State Department美国国务院marijuana n. 大麻He was busted for possession of marijuana.他因藏毒而被捕.accusation n.指控The accusation that I stole the money is false.说我偷了钱的指控是不实的.Key :A. the arrest of an American student.B. an American student ; American Intelligence; wasarrested Feb.1st; Mr. T arbin;spying;the American;to spy;the Russian accusationAn official of the Federal Security Service had linked an Americanstudent arrested this month to American Intelligence. The Federal Security Service says John Edward T arbin was arrested Feb.1st for possessing the drug marijuana. The Russian official says Mr. Tarbin has not been charged with spying. However, he told the Interfax News Agency that the American may have been preparing to spy for the United States. The spokesman for the AmericanState Department dismissed the Russian accusation.国际文传电讯社cause concernSection Three: Oral WorkPart 1.soak vt .使浸透She soak ed the shirt in soapy water.她把衬衫浸透在肥皂水中.vi.浸泡Leave the apricots to soak for 20 minutes.把杏子浸泡20分钟.get soakedpantryn.食品储藏室Tom was detected stealing cookies in the pantry. 汤姆在储藏室偷点心时被抓获.Part 2.desperatelyadv.拼命地I desperately want to keep my teeth.我拼命地想保住我的牙齿.circusn.马戏表演；马戏团The fascinations of the circus are endless.马戏表演非常吸引人.pub n 酒馆；酒吧I passed the pub on my way to the library.我在去图书馆的路上经过了那个酒馆.tentn.帐篷They set up a tent near the seashore.他们在海滨附近搭起了一个帐篷.gallopn. 疾驰；飞奔The donkey began to trot faster , then to gallop. 驴开始跑得快起来了,然后飞奔.forbid vt.禁止<forbade>I forbid you to call me late at night.我禁止你在深夜给我打 .lioncagethe opening nightremindfedunhurtmissing。
听力教程第三册(施心远)(修订版)Unit 2
A: Well, there’s the Toyota over there, to the left of the Peugeot. It’s very comfortable and costs ￡ 13,040. It’s cheap to run too, and it also has a built-in radio. Or there’s the Renault at the back of the showroom, behind the Peugeot. It costs a little more, ￡13,240, but it is cheaper to run. It does 40 miles per gallon and the Toyota only does 36 miles per gallon.
B: Not more than ￡13,500.
A: Let’s see now… Over there between the Lancia and the Volvo is a Mini. It costs ￡12,830 and is cheap to run: It does 38 miles per gallon. Or there’s the Citroen, behind the Mini. It costs ￡12,070 and is even cheaper to run than the Mini: It does 45 miles per gallon. It’s not very fast though. It only does 69 miles per hour. B: No, I think the Mini and the Citroen are too small. I’ve got three children. Isn’t there anything bigger at that price?
施心远主编《听力教程》3Unit7答案
施⼼远主编《听⼒教程》3Unit7答案UNIT 7Section one Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationMeet Your ChiropractorThe doctor of chiropractic (D.C.) is a (1) well-recognized member of the health team who (2) considers the human body as a total functioning (3) unit and gives special attention to the spine, (4) muscles, nerves, circulatory and skeletal (5) systems. The chiropractor seeks to (6) relieve pain.The procedures utilized are primarily focused on the (7) spine. The chiropractor is concerned about the spine's relationship to the (8) nerve system, which controls important body functions. The chiropractor knows that a malfunctioning* spinal joint cannot only cause (9) back pain or headaches, it can also (10) interfere with the nerves leading from the spine, thereby (11) affecting other portions of the body.Millions of Americans are chiropractic patients for a wide variety of (12) health disorders. They depend on their chiropractor as their (13) family doctor to help them maintain their health through proper (14) diagnosis, treatment, and referral when (15) necessary.A minimum of six years of college study including internships (16) goes into the making of a chiropractic physician. Many doctors ofchiropractic choose to (17) limit their practices to certain specialties, such as (18) sports injuries, nutrition, orthopedics or radiology.As a (19) licensed and regulated member of the healing arts, the doctor of chiropractic must pass a state (20) licensing board examination in order to practice.Part 2 listening for GistLike the "Iron Age" volunteers, Paul has also chosen to cut himself off from many aspects of modem life, not, however, as an experiment but because he feels it is a more satisfactory way to live. He is talking about his small cottage in the Welsh mountains:"And that brings me to say what is primitive about it, namely, it is anything that has to be done, and there are obviously certain basic needs of life, is 'DIY' as they say: Do it yourself. There is no labor to be had nowadays in such a remote part. Er, there are no neighbors for most of the year and so you are on your own entirely. The place itself is extremely primitive. Er, I mentioned the water. I mentioned that we now have got electricity. Er, the building itself - it's important to keep it clean and it's stupid to try. We try to keep it tidy, and reasonably clean. It is very difficult to keep it warm, warm enough particularly in winter and that we do by an old kitchen range with coal and wood."ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence.The topic sentence is "The place itself is extremely primitive."Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart1 DialogueDr Martin Answay writes a column in a popular women's magazine on health problems. He is also an expert on heart disease.Q: Is there a secret to good health? I mean, is there some way we can achieve it which is not generally known?A: It certainly isn't a secret. However, there is a great deal of ignorance, even among supposedly educated people, about how to be reasonably healthy.Q: Well, what advice do you give, then?A: Vh ... to begin with, take diet. I believe that one of the greatest dangers to health in Britain and other countries ... particularlydeveloped countries ... is the kind of food we tend to prefer.Q: Such as?A: Such as that great national institution, the British breakfast, for example, ham and eggs. Or the kind of lunch so many people in this country have: sausage and chips! Or all the convenience foods likehamburgers. Or even things we regard as "healthy", such as full-fat milk. Or Cheddar cheese. The list is endless.Q: What's wrong with those things?A: The excessive consumption of such things leads to the overproduction of cholesterol, which in turn results in heart attack. Q: Excuse me, but what exactly is cholesterol?A: It's a ... wax-like substance ... yellowish ... and it's produced naturally in our livers. We all need some cholesterol for survival.Q: Well, if we need it, in what way is it bad for us?A: Too much of it is bad for us. It builds up in our arteries, causing them to get narrower, so that our blood supply has difficulty in getting through ... and this, of course, can eventually end in a heart attack or stroke. The point I'm trying to make here is that, even though we all need some cholesterol in order to insulate our nerves, and to produce cell membranes and hormones, the things many of us eat and even consider healthy lead to the overproduction of cholesterol. And this is very dangerous.Q: How can we avoid this overproduction of cholesterol?A: By cutting down our consumption of animal fats: things like red meat, cheese, eggs, and so on. And by increasing our consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, and also by eating more potatoes, rice, pasta and bread.Q: Pasta? Potatoes? But ... aren't such things fattening?A: Nonsense. It isn't pasta, potatoes or bread that makes us fat. It's what we put on such things! Cheese, Butter, Meat!Q: So anything we like, anything that's delicious, is bad for us. Isn't that what you're saying?A: Rubbish! I'm simply saying we eat too much of these things. And there are many ways of preparing delicious food without using such large quantities of animal fats.Q: Last of all, what about exercise? You recently warned against certain forms of exercise, which you said could be dangerous.A: What I said was that if people aren't used to getting regular and vigorous exercise, they should begin slowly, and not try to do too much at the beginning! I also said that certain games, such as squash, can be dangerous, particularly if you aren't used to playing them. A number of injuries are due to sudden, twisting movements that games like squash involve.Q: What kinds of exercise do you recommend, then?A: Gentle jogging, swimming, cycling, brisk walking ... exercise that is rhythmic and gentle, and above all, sustained. That is, done for atleast fifteen minutes uninterruptedly at least three times a week. We all need such exercise, and the fact is that far too few of us get enough of it, particularly if we live in large cities and regularly use cars.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following grids.A. CholesterolB. ExercisePart 2 PassageAging of America1)The impending collision between the boomers and the nation's retirement system is naturally catching the eye of policymakers and the boomers themselves.2)Retirement income security in the United States has traditionally been based on the so-called three-legged stool: Social Security, private pensions, and other personal saving.3)Retirement planning takes time, and these issues need to be addressed sooner rather than later.4)One found that in 1991 the median household headed by a65-69-year-old had financial assets of only $14,000, but expanding themeasure to include Social Security, pensions, housing, and other wealth boosts median wealth to about $270,000.5)Only one or two generations of Americans have had lengthy retirements, and the crucial retirement issues keep changing rapidly, making long-term predictions even harder.The Baby Boom* generation - the roughly 76 million people born between 1946 and 1964 has been reshaping American society for five decades. From jamming the nation's schools in the 1950s and 1960s, to crowding labor markets and housing markets in the 1970s and 1980s, to affecting consumption patterns almost continuously, boomers have altered economic patterns and institutions at each stage of their lives.Now that the leading edge of the generation has turned 50, the impending collision between the boomers and the nation's retirement system is naturally catching the eye of policymakers and the boomers themselves.Retirement income security(退休收⼊保障)in the United States has traditionally been based on the so-called three-legged stool: Social Security, private pensions, and other personal saving. Since World War II the system has served the elderly well: The poverty rate among elderly households fell from 35percent in 1959 to 11 percent in 1995.Are the baby boomers making adequate preparations（做好充分准备）for retirement? In part, the answer depends on what is meant by "adequate". One definition is to have enough resources to maintain pre-retirement living standards in retirement.A rule of thumb*（经验法则）often used by financial planners（财政计划师，财政预算员）is that retirees should be able to meet this goal by replacing 60-80 percent of pre-retirement income. Retired households can maintain their pre-retirement standard of living with less income because they have more leisure time, fewer household members, and lower expenses. Taxes are lower because retirees escape payroll taxes （⼯资税）and the income tax（所得税）is progressive. And mortgages have, for the most part, been paid off. On the other hand, older households may face higher and more uncertain medical expenses, even though they are covered by Medicare.From a public policy perspective, assuring that retirees maintain 100 percent of pre-retirement living standards may be overly ambitious. But should policymakers aim to ensure that they maintain 90 percent of their living standards? Or that they stay out of poverty? Or use some other criterion? Retirement planning（养⽼⾦计划）takes time, and these issues need to beaddressed sooner rather than later.A second big question is how to measure how well baby boomers are preparing for retirement. Studies that focus only on personal saving put aside for retirement yield bleak conclusions. One found that in 1991 the median household headed by a 65-69-year-old had financial asset of only $14,000. But expanding the measure to include Social Security, pensions, housing, and other wealth boosts median wealth to about $270,000.A third issue - crucial but as yet little explored - is whichbaby boomers are not provided adequately for retirement andhow big the gap is between what they have and what theyshould have. Some boomers are doing extremely well, othersquite poorly. Summary averages for an entire generation maynot be useful as descriptions of the problem or as suggestionsfor policy.The uncertain prospects for the baby boomers in retirement are particularly troubling because, as a society, we as yet understand little about the dynamics of retirement. Only one or two generations of Americans have had lengthy retirements, and the crucial retirement issues - health care, asset markets, social security, life span - keep changing rapidly, making long-term predictions even harder.A: Pre-listening QuestionAs China's aging population is increasing rapidly, there should be a well-funded pension system put in place. However, the country's pension system only covers a fraction of the work force. It predicts that China will have an elderly population of about 400 million by 2040, which will be a large burden on the economy if an effective pension system is not established.The Chinese government, aware that the old pension system in the planned economy could not keep pace with the market economy, started to reform a purely "pay-as-you-go" pension system in 1997 and introduced one that combines a basic pension with personal savings accounts. The accounts are jointly paid into by employers and employees, as saving to support employees' retirements. The state is considering expanding a reformed pension insurance system nationwide.China is also accelerating the reform of China's pension system.It has been trying to find appropriate ways to invest pension funds in the capital market rather than simply putting them in banks or buying treasury bonds.It has also been trying to find appropriate ways to invest pension funds in the capital market overseas.To ensure the maintenance and appreciation of the pension pool, more investment tools should be allowed, with sound governance andparallel reform in the financial sector to ensure returns.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.l. D 2.D 3. B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.CExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)The boomers have altered economic patterns from jamming the nation's schools in the 1950s and 1960s, to crowding labor markets and housing markets in the 1970s and 1980s, to affecting consumption patterns almost continuously.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item1Long-term impact of diet starts before birthYou are what you eat, the saying goes. And now it appears you are also what your mother ate.Researchers are learning more about how a pregnant mother's diet can affect her child's health long after the child is born. The latest research shows that some of those effects can begin within days of conception.Women are encouraged to start taking pre-natal vitamins and watching what they eat as soon as they learn they are pregnant, to help ensure a healthy baby. But it appears that maternal health before pregnancy also has an impact. Professor Tom Fleming and his colleagues at Britain's University of Southampton fed mice and rats a low-protein diet for three-and-a-half days after the animals had mated.Fleming compared their offspring to the babies of animals fed a normal, higher-protein diet for those three and a half days. The young rodents from the low-protein group had higher blood pressure and were more hyperactive than the control group.Another study found that animals with vitamin B deficiencies in the very early days of pregnancy had offspring with higher blood pressure.These young animals also tended to be obese and were at risk for diabetes. So Fleming says it's best to eat right if you're even thinking about getting pregnant.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news and complete the summary.This news item is about the impact of mother’s diet on baby even before pregnancy.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. (T) You are what you eat. And now it appears you are also what your mother ate.2. (F) A pregnant mother's diet can affect her child's health shortly after the child is born.3. (F) Health before pregnancy has little influence on the baby’s health.4. (T) The young rodents from the low-protein group had higher blood pressure.5. (F) The young rodents from the high-protein group were more hyperactive than the control group.6. (T) Animals with vitamin B deficiencies might have offspring with higher blood pressure.7. (T) Animals with vitamin B deficiencies may suffer obese anddiabetes.8. (F) It's best to eat right after you get pregnant.News Item2While the latest vaccines are available to children in the developed world, the situation is very different in poorer countries. According to a joint report by the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the UN Children’s Fund, just 50 percent of children in sub-Saharan Africa are immunized in their first year of life against diseases like tuberculosis, measles, tetanus, and whooping cough.The report says in some developing countries fewer than one in twenty children are vaccinated.Dr Paul Fife of UNICEF says many developing countries are not able to buy vaccines that are widely available, and even discounted in the industrialized world. He says UNICEF, the single largest buyer of vaccines for children, is also finding difficulty locating the needed medicines.The head of th e World Health Organization’s vaccine program, Dr Daniel Tarahtola, says one way to address the vaccine shortage is for more production in the developing world.The report says that although the market for vaccines in developing countries is potentially huge, with more than 130 million children born。
施心远主编《听力教程》3_(第2版)Unit_11文本和答案
Unit 11Section One Tactics for listeningPart1 Spot DictationGive your child the happiness traitHappiness is both a "state" and a "trait". The state of happiness is a (1) mood that comes and goes. I can (2) induce it in my two-year-old daughter simply by making a (3) silly face.The trait of happiness is more (4) stable. I see it in my daughter when she gets out of bed with a smile, eager to (5) take on the day. Even when life isn't so pleasant, she can sustain her (6) optimism and hopefulness.A recipe for a happy disposition through life is harder to (7) come by, but researchers have identified key (8) ingredients. By focusing on these, parents are more likely to raise children with the (9) trait of happiness built into their (10) character.1)Give your child choices.2)Resist the urge to (11) spoil. Common sense suggests that people with (12) adequate incomes are happier than those (13) without. The key word is "adequate". What is important is having enough to (14)provide for basic needs and feeling content with what you have.3) (15) Encourage broad interests.4)Teach resilience*. Everyone has ways to (16) cope with bad days. Achild should be taught to find solace in things that will (17) restore his sense of well-being.5) (18) Promote a happy home. One of the best ways to help a child find (19) enduring happiness is for the parents to (20) look for it in their own lives.Part 2 Listening for GistOld and young, single and married, rich and poor - anyone can be lonely, irrespective of the number of friends, family and social contacts they actually have. Women, the elderly, the young, the single parent, the widowed and the unemployed are most at risk.Young mothers at home with children under five are particularly vulnerable to loneliness and depression because of the transition from working wife to housebound mother. Elderly people, particularly those who move toa new area on retirement, may be isolated from their families and friends. Illness, disability and fear of going out alone also combine to turn many pensioners into prisoners in their own homes. Teenagers' natural shyness and self-consciousness may make them awkward in the company of their peers and the opposite sex. Single parents feel cut off from a couple-orientated society. Divorce can be shattering to the self-esteem. With so many social contacts being made through work, unemployment can also lead to loneliness.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about various reasons for loneliness and depression.2)The key words are young mothers. transition. working wife. housebound mother: elderly people. isolated. illness. disability. fear of going out alone: teenagers. natural shyness. self-consciousness: single parents. cut off. a couple-orientated society. divorce. self-esteem: social contacts. work. unemployment.Section two Listening for ComprehensionDeputy EditorRay Jones: You know, a lot of people who read newspapers have no idea how they're put together. I'm often asked to talk to groups of people about my work, and it's incredible how many of them think either that reporters write the headlines and take their own pictures or, conversely, that the Editor writes and prints everything in the paper. They fail to realize that producing a newspaper is really very much a team effort.Mary Keen: Ray, you're Deputy Editor of the Evening Post. What exactly does that entail?Ray Jones: Well, the work of a Deputy Editor varies from paper to paper depending on the Editor. No two Editors work the same way. Somedelegate all the administration to a deputy. Others take on all the admin themselves and concentrate on the management side of running the newspaper rather than on the editorial side. Our Editor here is the sort who likes getting involved in the editorial side of the paper, so he'll often come, sit down with the reporters and work on a story with them. But then once or twice a week he'll leave that and get on with the admin ... Mary Keen: So what are your responsibilities as Deputy?Ray Jones: I supervise the reporters, sports writers and sub-editors and try to see that everyone knows what everyone else is doing so thatit all runs smoothly. And, of course, I also stand in* for theEditor when he's at meetings, conferences, or whatever.Mary Keen: And what is Ray Jones' typical working day?Ray Jones: Well, it starts at about 7: 15, and the first thing I have to do is to find out what's going on in the newsroom, what are the beststories of the day, who's going to cover them, and so on. Quiteoften it's not immediately obvious what's going to be the frontpage lead*, and that's a major headache at the start of the day.Once that's been sorted out and I've checked that there'snothing distasteful or unethical going into the paper, then Icome back to my office to get on with my Deputy Editor tasks. Mary Keen: Which are?Ray Jones: Taking care of readers' letters, for instance, and editing ourMailbag column. That can be great fun - we have a spiendidlyeccentric bunch of regular readers, and, given the right subject,they often produce an extremely entertaining and well-writtenset of letters. Of course, dealing with the correspondence hasits tedious side as well - I have to read every letter we get, andsome of them, as you can imagine, are a bit of a pam.Mary Keen: What else do you have to do?Ray Jones: I also write the Leader column each day. That means I have to compose 300 words on some matter of public concernexpressing the newspaper's opinion. And sometimes this, too,can be a real problem. More than once I've found myself halfan hour before the deadline with no idea what my opfnion wasgoing to be on what subject.Mary Keen: How did you get into journalism, Ray?Ray Jones: As an errand boy, actually, at the age of 15. I left school with no qualifications and was lucky enough to get a job with theLiverpool Echo, making tea, polishing floors and so on. After ayear I became a junior reporter. I did the usual sort of trainingby attending day-release classes, gained some more experienceas a reporter and then went from the Echo to the BirminghamMail where I became a sub-editor, and then a chief reporter.I've been on a couple of other papers since the mail - I wasNews Editor on my last paper - and I moved to the EveningPost three years ago.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following grids. A. Ray Jones' Job DescriptionB. Ray Jones' Career ExperiencePart2 PassageBuilding Friendships with Your Young Children1.Footings are cement piers upon which the entire building rests.They are crucial to the strength of the finished structure.2.In a similar way in these brief early years, parents of youngchildren have the challenging job of laying the foundation that will support family friendships in later years.3.Physical affection and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying astrong foundation for friendship. Kids need the warmth of physical contact and so do you.4.A young child will try to manipulate and be in charge. While thechild may not be consciously trying to control, this is what he is doing.5.These early years are similar to taking out a savings bond. We putmuch into our children's lives, but we don't see much return on our initial investment for several years.Several years ago, we began construction on a new church building. In the beginning, the workmen dug a big pit in the ground and then they began to pour footings. Footings are cement piers upon which the entire building rests. They are crucial to the strength of the finished structure. After the foundation hole is dug, the footings must be poured quickly, before the composition of the soil is changed by the wind, air, or water.In a similar way in these brief early years, parents of young children have the challenging job of laying the foundation that will support family friendships in later years.Here are eight "foundation builders" to help parents as they seek to cultivate strong friendships with their young children.Physical affection and verbal affirmation are necessary in laying a strong foundation for friendship. Hug, hug, hug. Even if you were not raised in a hugging family, hug your kids anyway. They need the warmthof physical contact and so do you.Say "I love you" and say it often. When we talk with our children,it's meaningful if we look them in the eyes. So squat down to their level when you truly want to communicate with them, and let them know that what you are saying to one another is important.A young child will try to manipulate and be in charge. He will attempt to get his own way. While the child may not be consciously trying to control, this is what he is doing. A wise parent must not permit this to happen. When a child respects his parents, he will also respect others.Tradition and discipline are related, for tradition begins with a regularly scheduled event and the repetition, time after time, of that event. Discipline, too, is the repetition of many small acts until they become ingrained as part of the way in which a child relates to the world. Small children need a schedule—a routine. Schedules build confidence in children because they know what to expect and when to expect it.Parents of young children sometimes feel much like those workers. We work and work and don't see much progress. Or make progress in one area and then have a setback in another. It's easy to lose our perspective and become discouraged. We have to remember that we are laying the foundation for a child's future life and friendships, and it can be a tedious process. Our children are tender shoots full of the promise of great things.As we gently train and steer them, we need a long-range perspective.In a way, these early years are similar to taking out a savings bond. We put much into our children's lives, but we don't see much return on our initial investment for several years. In the same way we expect our monetary investments to pay off in the future, we have to remember we are building for our children's futures.Exercise C:Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)It is a metaphor. Laying a solid foundation is crucial to building a church. The author compares the process of building friendships with children to that of constructing a new church building. If the foundation is strong since inception then when storms hurricanes and earthquakes hit it will surely hold and the building will be safe and sound.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1The donors’ conference on Somalia is fraught with concerns that do not directly deal with the problem at hand - bolstering security in the Horn of Africa country. Donors are worried about the rampant piracy offSomalia’s shores. Potential donors are also financially strapped from fighting the global economic crisis.Still, the United Nations which is co-sponsoring the conference with the European Union hopes to raise about 166 million to beef up Somalian security and to help understaffed African Union peacekeepers in the conflict-torn country.The United Nations also wants representatives from some 30 nations expected at the conference to come up with a 100-day plan to rebuild stability in Somalia.Among those expected at the conference are Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed along with the heads of the African Commission and Arab League and representatives of nearly three dozen nations.Exercise A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the donors’ conference on Somalia.Exercise B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1. What are donors worried about?They are worried about the rampant piracy off Somalia’s shores.2. How much does the UN hope to raise to beef up Somalian security? The UN hopes to raise about $166 million to beef up Somalian security.3. What is the problem that potential donors are faced with?They are financially strapped from fighting the global economic crisis.4. What does the UN expect representatives at the conference to do?The UN expects representatives at the conference to come up with a 100-day plan to rebuild stability in Somalis.5. Who are expected at the conference?They are Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, along with the heads of the African Commission and Arab League and representatives of nearly three dozen nations.News Item2Sales of existing homes rose sharply in July surpassing expectations and fueling optimism that the U.S. economy is on the right track.The higher demand is just part of the larger picture. Although the increase was the largest in ten years average homeowners have lost about 15 percent of the value of their homes.Critics of the government's plan, aimed at helping struggling homeowners modify loans to make them more affordable, say fewer than ten percent of eligible loans have been changed. That means many homeowners will continue paying high interest rates on loans worth more than their homes.Last month, more than 360,000 homeowners were foreclosed, an increase of more than 30 percent since last year. Part of the problem is that banks are still reluctant to lend. And with unemployment expected to peak next year, the worry is that foreclosures will continue to rise, making prospects for an economic recovery more elusive.Exercise A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the improvement of the U.S. housing market.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. F2. F3. F4. T5.T6.FNews Item 3Trinity University economics professor Jorge Gonzalez says these immigrant remittances* exceed the international development assistance available to Latin American countries.And ironically, Mr Gonzalez says, in some ways, this haphazard form of financial aid may be even more effective thangovernment-to-government assistance.Penn State anthropology professor Jeffrey Cohen, who works with several rural communities in Mexico, agrees the effects of the immigrant remittances are generally beneficial.However, he says, they can change the nature of a local economy. In previously cashless communities, which had only traded goods, he says, the sudden arrival of dollars can disadvantage residents who do not have relatives working in the United States.Fortunately, he says, many Latin American immigrant workers in the United States are not only sending money to their families, but are also uniting to fund community-wide projects.In fact, Economist Jorge Gonzalez says, immigrant remittances to Latin America are giving governments there a free welfare system.大学经济学教授三位一体乔治冈萨雷斯说这些移民汇款*超过国际发展援助提供给拉丁美洲的国家。
施心远主编《听力教程3》Unit
施心远主编《听力教程3》UnitUnit 10Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationDo You Risk Enough to Succeed?During the semi-finals of the 1990 Wimbledon(1)tennis tournament, 16-year-old Yugoslav Monica Seles faced American Zina Garriaon. As the match (2)proceeded, it became clear that Seles’s most formidable (3) opponent was not Garrison but herself.“The match was so close,” said a crestfallen Seles afterward. “I was going for the (4)safe shots. Even on Zina’s second serve I was (5) scared to hit the ball for winners.”When things get (6) tough, conventional wisdom tell us to (7) play it safe, to pull in your horns. Consequently, rather than performing to (8) our potential, we concentrate on minimizing our losers. The results can be (9) catastrophic.If you find yourself shying away from (10) risks, these five tips will help you (10) tap into the adventurous spirit buried in us all.1. Take (11) dreams seriously.2. Take it in little steps . When starting something new, (12) figure outa first step and make it one you are reasonably sure of (13) accomplishing.3. Don’t say “don’t”, The Don’ts, a form of (14) negative goal setting, can be self-fulfilling because your mind (15) responds to pictures.4. Make your own (16) rules.5. Learn from your mistakes.By (17)embracing risk, you will accomplish more than you (18)ever thought you could. In the process you will (19) transform your life into an exciting adventure that will constantly challenge, reward and (20) rejuvenate you.Part 2 listening for GistIt'll be a dull day, with outbreaks of rain. There may be some heavy showers in the south-west later, with perhaps the odd thunderstorm. The outlook for tomorrow: continuing dull, but there should be some breaks in the cloud by midday. It'll be quite warm, with a maximum temperature of about 16 to 17 degrees.Directions: Listen to the passage and write do wn the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about a weather forecast.2. The key words are rain, showers, thunderstorm, outlook, maximum temperature.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueAdulthoodInterviewer: OK, Bruce, Ur, why is the late twenties better than, say, earlier twenties?Bruce: Ur, I think that when you’re in your, in the early twenties, you’re just getting over, um, teenage adolescent years, so now I think in the late twenties you kinda know a direction but, um, the early twenties are just too… you just kinda remember too many things of the teenage years and you're still trying to get a plan. But in the twenties, late twenties, you kind of know what you wanna do and you kind of have an idea of, of how to get it. And you know how to settle down, too. Y ou can see a plan for getting things and also settling down.Interviewer: Hmm, um, is there a time in your life that you think you would call the most difficult time?Bruce: Probably the teenage years, like fourteen, fifteen ...Interviewer: Yeah?Bruce: Sixteen.Interviewer: The mid teens.Bruce: Yeah, I think the mid teens were the worst.Interviewer: So, Julie, why would you like to be a little girl again?Julie: Um, I think, uh, I think lately because the age I'm at now, I feel, is kind of a stressful age.Interviewer: Huh.Julie: When you're, when you're younger, you don't have as many worries and responsibilities.Interviewer: Yeah.Julie: You don't have all the stresses of life as an adult. I think at the age I'm at now, when you get out of college and you need to find a job...Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: And I'm single and I can't depend on my parents anymore...Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: And I have new responsibilities - just trying to get used to having new responsibilitiesand also figure out what I wanna do - there's lots of decisions.Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: I don't always know what the best thing to do is. Um, those are things that I need to learn.Interviewer: Yeah.Julie: Yeah.Interviewer: So, Ann, why was being in your thirties good?Ann: Because in your thirties you pretty much know what you like and what you don't like，and you're kind of settled into life. And, at least for me, that was a really good time. Actually, now that my sons are married and, and they're independent...Interviewer: Uh-huh.Ann: When I come to, come to think about it, I probably do more interesting things now for myself than I did when I was in my thirties ...Interviewer: Huh! For example...Ann: Well, now I'm playing in an orchestra, which I would never've had time to do when the boys were little and, urn, and I, ur, read a lot more than I did.Interviewer: Do you and your husband go out more?Ann: Ha! We do! We do. We go out to movies, and we go out to dinner, and we hope to be able to travel!Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the follo wing statements are true (T) or false (F).l. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8.TPart 2 PassageSocial SecurityThe Social Security system in the US is a major source of retirement income for many. Thus Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?The Social Security Administration projected income and expense for the Social Security fund from 20XX年to 2050. The figures for both income-tax revenues and benefits paid out are sobering*. It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans depend for atleast a part of their livelihood during retirement.The gap between revenue and expense arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of theBaby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed.The system was established in 1935 and was intended as an insurance policy against a poverty-ridden old age, a not uncommon fate for the elderly during the first decades of the 20th century.The Social Security system has been expanded many times since its inception*. It now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each. The system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually.In the 1930s, life expectancy in the US was 59.7 years; many people never reached the age of retirement. In 20XX年, life expectancy was 77.6 years; most people today live for quite a while on Golden Pond*. We're living longer and drawing from the Social Security fund for more years with each passing generation. The declining age of retirement only exacerbates* this trend.In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.Barring any restructuring of the system beforehand, Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 20XX年. At that point thesystem will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s. At that point, if not sooner, one of two things will need to be done: (1) The Social Security tax rate will need to be increased, or (2) Benefits paid out wij1 need to be reduced. The second solution may involve extending the retirement age to 70 or an even older age. Since none of these options is politically palatable (the elderly have the highest voting rate), it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.Since 3 out of every 10 Americans aged 65 or older depend on Social Security payments for 90% or more of their income (and 3 out of 5 depend on Social Security for 50% or more of their income) we must ask an important question: Are those of us now in our 30s and 40s planning on an alternative or supplemental retirement income?A: Pre-listening QuestionActually, it is a government scheme that provides economic assistance to those people faced with sickness, unemployment, maternity and retirement, etc. In this case, the cost is paid entirely out of taxation. If the cost is met wholly or partly from contributions paid by employers to the state, the scheme is usually called national insurance.B: Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to so me sentences and write the m do wn. Y o uwill hear each sentence three times.1. Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continuethis trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?2. It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americans depend for at leasta part of their livelihood during retirement.3. The Social Security system now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each, and the system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually.4. In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.5. Since none of these options is politically palatable, it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best ans wer to co mplete each of the following sentences.l. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. BD After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the follo wingquestions.The gap between revenues and expenses arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed. Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 20XX年. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s.2. (Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1For development organizations, the meetings are a time to discuss some of the unfinished business of the G-20. Last month in London, its leaders pledged $1 trillion to the IMF for loans and other assistance to help cushion the developing world from the effects of the global financial crisis But some questions remain. Activists say, for example, that the G-20 promised $100 billion for multi-lateral institutions like the African and Asian Development Banks, but did not specify where the money would come from.They also want clarification on how proposals made by the G-20 would work. One is the issuing of $250 billion worth of the IMF reserve currency, called Special Drawing Rights, or SDRs,to nations needing funding against the effects of the global financial downturn. It is estimated that nearly $19 billion would go to low income countries under the plan and $60 billion to middle income countries like Mexico and Brazil.SDRs, which are worth about $1.50 can be exchanged for the leading currencies, including the dollar, the euro and the yen.The IMF would distribute SDRs to states according to the size of their voting shares within the institution.A: Directions: Listen to the ne ws item and complete the summa ry.This news item is about the G-20’s financing aid for developing countries and activists’ doubt. B: Directions: Listen to the ne ws again and complete the following passage.Activists say that the G-20 promised $100 billion for institutions like the African and Asian Development Banks, but did not specify where the money would come from.Also they want to know how proposals made by the G-20 would work. For example, $250 billion worth of the IMF reserve currency, called Special Drawing Rights would be issued to nations needing funding. According to the plan, nearly $19 billion would go to low income countries and $60 billion to middle income countries.SDRs, which are worth about$1.50or 1 can be exchanged for the leading currencies.The IMF would distribute SDRs to states according tothe size of their voting shares within the institution.News Item 2President Obama says he is pleased with the results of his first international summit.He says it was productive, and predicts it will be seen as a turning point in the pursuit of a global economic recovery.Speaking to reporters just hours after the summit was adjourned, the president spoke of the consensus achieved by countries who came in with different priorities and perspectives.The president did not get a concrete promise from others for substantial increases in government domestic spending - a tool he has used at home to boost the U.S. economy. But there was agreement to provide funding for $1 trillion in additional loans and credits for struggling countries through the International Monetary Fund and other institutions. And the summit started the process of clamping down on tax havens for the wealthy and loosely regulated investment funds for the rich.Mr. Obama said the G-20 meeting approved critical, bold steps. He said there is no guarantee they will all work, but he stressed the healing process has begun.A: Directions: Listen to the ne ws item and complete the summa ry.This news item is about president obama’s com ment on the G-20 meeting.B: Directions: Listen to the ne ws again and ans wer the following questions.1.President Obama attended the G-20 meeting.2.He was pleased with the result.3.He boosted the U.S. economy with substantial increases in government domestic spending.4.No, it wasn’t.5.There was agreement to provide funding for $1 trillion in additional loans and credits forstruggling countries through the international Monetary Fund and other institutions.6.No, they w on’t.News Item 3The free-trade pact between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations brings together a market of 1.9 billion people. Already trade between the two is $200 billion a year, and that is expected to grow.The deal, signed in 20XX年, goes into effect on Friday, January 1, creating the world's third largest trade zone behind the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement.Under the pact, tariffs will be eliminated on about 90 percent of goods traded among China, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. For the remaining ASEAN states, Burma,Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, the tariff reductions will cone into effect in 20XX年.Chinese officials say about 7,000 items will have zero tariffs while preferential access will be given for companies from China and ASEAN into service industries such as tourism.China is likely to increase imports of ASEAN raw materials, food and beverages and luxury goods jewelry.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summa ry.This news item is about the free trade deal between china and ASEAN.B: Directions: Listen to the ne ws again and decide whether the follo wing statements are true or false.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. F6. F7. T8. TSection Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportGlobal Economic Upturn Seen as 20XX年Approaches 20XX年began with a sinking global economy paralyzed by a worldwide credit crunch, stung by a cascading failure of banks and financial institutions, and undermined by panic and pessimism on the part of consumers and investors from Wall Street to Tokyo. Central banks and governments fought back with massive cash injections, financial rescue packages and stimulus programs, but success in containing the crisis was far from assured.The global economy is expected to show a 1.1 percent drop in output for 20XX年, following a five percent expansion in 20XX年and three percent growth in 20XX年.The past year has seen sharp spikes in unemployment, which peaked at 10.2 percent in the United States, 9.8 percent in Europe, 9 percent in Brazil and 5.7 percent in Japan.But a turnaround is underway, according to U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner“The U.S. economy and the world economy a re now growing again. Businesses are starting to invest again, consumers are now spending, business and consumer confidence has improved, global trade is now expanding at an encouraging pace.“But analysts warn that perils remain, and badly needed financial reforms in the United States and elsewhere have yet to be implemented Policymakers must also decide when to wind down unprecedentedlevels of government stimulus and financial support. Those measures were deemed necessary in the face of an economic crisis, but can spark inflation if sustained for too long.The global economic downturn struck advanced industrialized nations particularly hard, providing an opening for rising economic powers like India and China to shine on the world stage.For many nations, the passing of the financial crisis means attention must be refocused on long-term problems that preceded the global recession. In the United States, massive government debt continues to grow at a time when an aging population is placing ever-greater demands on social welfare programs.In much of the developing world, such as in Kenya, other challenges must be tackled.Unlike in past economic rebounds, the United States is not in a position to drive global growth.Analysts say global economic growth will likely be powered by rapid expansion in countries like China and India, with contributions also coming from lesser developed nations.A: Directions: Listen to the ne ws item and complete the summa ry.This news item is about the global economic upturn after the financial crisis.B: Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the follo wingstatements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. T7. T8. FPart 2 PassageThursday is the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin. His landmark book on evolution, On the Origin of Species, was published 150 years ago, and it's still considered perhaps the most important science book ever.In his book, Darwin described the idea of natural selection - species change and evolve, and organisms with characteristics more suitable to survival are more likely to reproduce. His ideas upended a 19th century world where most people believed that plants and animals always had their present form, and always would.His theory of evolution, as it's sometimes called, itself evolved over more than two decades, beginning with a five-year sea voyage aboard aBritish survey ship called the Beagle, where he served as naturalist, collecting specimens and observing exotic plants and animals.To get a larger picture of Charles Darwin the man and scientist, we're joined by an anthropologist who has written about Darwin and natural selection. We reached Mr. Milne r at his home in New Y ork.Charles Darwin was the son of two generations of English country physicians. He was born a naturalist, he said. When he was a little kid he loved poking under rocks, looking for fossils and bird's nests, making collections. His father shipped him off to medical school when he was 16 to be a doctor, like the rest of his family. But he couldn't stand the sight of blood.So then his father said, why don't you be a clergyman? So he was studying at Cambridge to be a churchman. But he could not get rid of this love he had for nature and trying to understand the birds and the beasts. And so when an offer came through one of his professors to be the ship's naturalist on a surveying ship, H.M.S. Beagle, that was going to do a five-year voyage around the world, he got permission to go, and he said, that was the start of my real life, that was the start of my real education.“So he sailed on the Beagle, which skirted around the coast of South America among other places in its journey over five years starting in 1831, and was there someplace along the line a "eureka moment" for Charles Darwin?”“Y eah, he had a eureka moment, but it had nothing to do with evolution.”“What was it that he saw during his voyage on the Beagle that firmed up for him the concept of natural selection?”“Well, Darwin, first of all, he was a collector on that ship. He collected thousands of specimens of rocks, fossils, insects, and birds. And he started to see patterns. He began to get the idea that all of life is related, and this is probably even more important than the idea of natural selection. The great tree of life. Darwin saw that we're all netted together, all living things are our cousins, and that's the foundation of evolutionary biology with or without natural selection.“Well, it's a pretty radical concept.”A: pre-listeningCharles Darwin (12 February 1809-19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book on the origin of species. The scientific community and much of the general public came to accept evolution as a fact in his lifetime, but it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensusdeveloped that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin’s scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.B: sentence Dictation1. His ideas upended a 19th century world where most people believed that plants and animals always had their present form, and always would.2. His theory of evolution, as it's sometimes called, itself evolved over more than two decades, beginning with a five-year sea voyage aboard a British survey ship.3. So he was studying at Cambridge to be a churchman. But he could not get rid of this love he had for nature and trying to understand the birds and the beasts.4. When an offer came through one of his professors to be the ship's naturalist on a surveying ship, H.M.S. Beagle, that was going to do a five-year voyage around the world, he got permission to go.5. Darwin saw that we're all netted together, all living things are our cousins, and that's the foundation of evolutionary biology with or without natural selection.C: Detailed ListeningDirections: lis ten to the passage and choose the best answer.1. B2. A3. A4. B.5. C6. D7. C8. BD: after-listening discussionDirections: listen to the passage again and discuss the follo wing questions.In his book, Darwin described the idea of natural selection----species change and evolve, and organisms with characteristics more suitable to survival are more likely to reproduce.。
施心远主编《听力教程》3_(第2版)Unit_2答案
UNIT 2Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationMy MotherMy mother was an efficient (1) taskmaster who cooked, cleaned and shopped for nine people (2) on a daily basis. She was a disciplinarian* who would (3) make us seven kids walk up and down the stairs a hundred times if we clumped like (4)field hands to-dinner. She also enlisted us to help her in the day's (5) chores.My mother believed that each of her children had a special (6) knack that made him or her invaluable on certain (7)missions.My brother Mike, for example, was believed to have especially (8) keen eyesight. He was hoisted up as a human (9) telescope whenever she needed to see something (10) far away. John was the climber when a kite (11) got caught. My own job was navigator for our (12) gigantic old Chrysler.But my mother's (13) ability to get work done well was only (14) one side. She also had an (15) imagination that carried her in different directions. That (16) allowed her to transcend her everyday life. She did not (17) believe in magic as portrayed on a stage, but (18) valued instead the sound of a metal bucket being (19)filled by a hose, or the persistence of a dandelion at the (20)edge of a woodpile.Part 2 Listening for GistFor hundreds of years man has been fascinated by the idea of flying. One of the first men to produce designs for aircraft was Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian artist who lived in the fifteenth century. However, it was not until the eighteenth century that people began to fly, or perhaps it would be better to say float, across the countryside in balloons. The first hot-air balloon was made in April 1783 by the Montgolfier brothers in France.In the following years many flights were made by balloon. Some of the flights were for pleasure and others were for delivering mail and for military purposes, such as observation and even bombing. However, in the late nineteenth century, airship s superseded balloons as a form of transport.Airships came after balloons. The first powered and manned flight was made by a Frenchman, Giffard, in September 1852. His airship, powered by steam, traveled twenty-seven kilometers from Paris to Trappes at a speed of eight kilometers per hour. However the days of the airship were numbered as the aero- plane became increasingly safe and popular.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This passage is about the early history of flying.2.The key words are designs, an Italian artist, fifteenth century, eighteenthcentury, fly, float, balloons, hot-air balloon, April 1783, airships, September 1852, aeroplane.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueBuying a CarA: Good morning, can I help you?B: Yes, I'm interested in buying a car.A: Have you anything in mind?B: Not really.A: What price are you thinking of?B: Not more than £13,500.A: Let's see now ... Over there between the Lancia and the Volvo is a Mini. It costs £12,830 and is cheap to run: It does 38 miles per gallon. Or there's the Citroen, behind the Mini. It costs £12,070 and is even cheaper to run than the Mini: It does 45 miles per gallon. It's not very fast though. It only does 69 miles per hour.B: No, I think the Mini and the Citroen are too small. I've got three children.Isn't there anything bigger at that price?A: Well, there's the Toyota over there, to the left of the Peugeot. It's very comfortable and costs £13,040. It's cheap to run too, and it also has a built-inradio. Or there's the Renault at the back of the showroom, behind the Peugeot. It costs a little more, £13,240, but it is cheaper to run. It does 40 miles per gallon and the Toyota only does 36 miles per gallon.B: What about that Volkswagen over there, in front of the Toyota?A: That costs a little more than £13,500 but it's a very reliable car. It's more expensive to run than the others: It does 34 miles per gallon, but it's faster.Its top speed is 90 miles per hour. The Toyota's is 80 miles per hour and the Renault's is 82 miles per hour.B: How much does it cost?A: £13,630 and that includes a 5-year guarantee.B: And the Fiat next to the Volkswagen?A: Again that's more than £13,500, but it's cheaper than the Volkswagen. It costs £13,550.B: Hmm well, I'll have to think about it and study these pamphlets. How much is that Peugeot incidentally, behind the Lancia?A: Oh, that's expensive. It costs £15,190.B: Yes, that is a bit too much. Thank you very much for your help. Goodbye.Part 2 PassageThe Wrights’ StoryOn the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, four flights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright. The starts were all made from a point on the level sand about 200 feet west of our camp, which is located a quarter of a mile north of the Kill Devil sand hill, in Dare County, North Carolina.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity* of 27 miles an hour at 10a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer* at the Kitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.The flights were directly against the wind. Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alone with no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.After a run of about 40 feet along a monorail* track, which held the machine 8 inches (20 centimeters) from the ground, it rose from the track and under the direction of the operator climbed upward on an inclined course till a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached, after which the course was kept as near horizontal as the wind gusts and the limited skill of the operator would permit.Into the teeth of a December gale（逆风）the "Flyer" made its way forward with a speed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.It had previously been decided that for reasons of personal safety these first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible. The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering* in so gusty a wind and with no previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms. Consequently the first flight was short.The succeeding flights rapidly increased in length，and at the fourth trial a flight of 59 seconds was made, in which time the machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air and a distance of 852 feet over the ground.The landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of the aviator. After passing over a little hummock* of sand, in attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder* too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected. The reverse movement of the rudder was a fraction of a second(转瞬间，顷刻) too late to prevent the machine from touching the ground and thus ending the flight.As winter was already well set in, we should have postponed the trials to a more favorable season, but we were determined to know whether the machine possessed sufficient power to fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous* winds, as well as in calm air.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionOrville Wright (1871-1948), American aeronautical engineer, famous for his role in the first controlled, powered flight in a heavier-than-air machine and for his participation in the design of the aircraft's control system. Wright worked closely with his brother, Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), American aeronautical engineer, in designing and flying the Wright airplane.During the years 1900, 1901, 1902, and 1903, the two brothers developed the first effective airplane. At Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first successful flight of a piloted, heavier-than-air, self-propelled craft, called the Flyer. The third Flyer, which the Wrightsconstructed in 1905, was the world's first fully practical airplane. It could bank, turn, circle, make figure eights, and remain in the air for as long as the fuel lasted, up to half an hour on occasion.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.1.On the morning of December 17, 1903, between 10:30 a.m. and noon, fourflights were made, two by Orville Wright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.Under the direction of the operator it climbed upward on an inclined coursetill a height of 8 or 10 feet from the ground was reached.3.Into the teeth of a December gale the "Flyer" made its way forward with aspeed of 10 miles an hour over the ground and 30 to 35 miles an hour through the air.4.The height chosen was sufficient for maneuvering in so gusty a wind and withno previous acquaintance with the conduct of the machine and its controlling mechanisms.5 .In attempting to bring the machine down to the desired height, the operator turned the rudder too far, and the machine turned downward more quickly than had been expected.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1.Four flights were made on the morning of December 17, 1903, two by OrvilleWright and two by Wilbur Wright.2.The wind at the time of the flights had a velocity of 27 miles an hour at 10a.m., and 24 miles an hour at noon, as recorded by the anemometer at theKitty Hawk Weather Bureau Station.3.Each time the machine started from the level ground by its own power alonewith no assistance from gravity or any other source whatever.4.The machine ran about 40 feet along a monorail track before it rose from thetrack.5.These first trials should be made as close to the ground as possible for reasonsof personal safety.6.The machine flew a little more than half a mile through the air in 59 secondsat the fourth trial.7.The early landing was due to a slight error of judgment on the part of theaviator.8.As winter was already well set in, it was not a favorable season for the trials.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.Because they wanted to know whether the machine possessed sufficient powerto fly, sufficient strength to withstand the shocks of landings and sufficient capacity of control to make flight safe in boisterous winds as well as in calm air.2.(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1World Basketball ChampionshipThe semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament is later today (Saturday) in the mid-western (US) state of Indiana.Argentina is the only undefeated team at the tournament. The South Americans have outscored their opponents by an average of 19 points per game. On Wednesday, Argentina shocked the host United States (87-80) to snap a 58-game international winning streak* by professional squads of the National Basketball Association players.Argentina also defeated Brazil (78-67) to reach the semifinal round where the team will face Germany. Primarily using European experienced players, Argentina defeated Germany earlier in the second round, 86-77.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States (81-78) in the quarterfinals, plays upstart* New Zealand. But Yugoslav head coach Svetislav Pesic says he is not surprised.The losers of each game will play for the third place on Sunday before the championship game.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the semifinal round of the World Basketball Championship tournament.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.In the second round Argentina defeated Germany 86-77.2.Argentina also defeated Brazil to reach the seminal round.3.Before the semifinal round Argentina is the only undefeated team at thetournament.4.Defending champion Yugoslavia, which ousted the United States in thequarterfinals, plays against New Zealand.5.The four teams that will play in the semifinals are Argentina, Germany,Yugoslavia and New Zealand.6.The losers of each game will play for the third place before thechampionship game.News Item 2European FootballEnglish football club Liverpool crashed out of the Champions League, despite fighting back from a 3-0 deficit to tie FC Basel 3-3 in Switzerland. Liverpool needed a win Tuesday to qualify / for the second phase. Instead, the English club will play for the UEFA Cup. Basel became the first Swiss side ever to reach the last 16 of the Champions League, qualifying second in Group B· behind Valencia of Spain, which beat Spartak Moscow 3-0.English champion Arsenal played to a scoreless home draw against Dutch-side PSV Eindhoven to top Group A and move into the second phase, where the team will be seeded. They'll be joined by German team Borussia Dortmund*, which advanced despite a 1-0 loss to Auxerre in France.AS Roma played to a 1-1 draw against AEK Athens in Italy, to capture second place in Group C. Group winner Real Madrid of Spain will also advance, after drawing 1-1 with Racing Genk* in Belgium.In Group D, Inter Milan of Italy got a pair of goals from Hernan Crespo to beat Ajax Amsterdam 2-1 in the Netherlands. Both teams qualified at the expense of French side Lyon, which was held to a 1-1 draw by Rosenborg in Norway.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about European football matches.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNews Item 3Kemper Open Golf PreviewThe annual Kemper Open* golf tournament gets underway Thursdaynear Washington at the Tournament Players Club at Avenel.Twenty-eight-year-old American Rich Beem is back to defend his title. Before his victory here, he had missed the halfway cuts in five straight tournaments. He hopes he can again find his form during the next four days, as he is currently 132nd on the money list.The player who is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings, American Tiger Woods, decided to skip this event after winningthe rain-delayed Memorial Open in (Dublin) Ohio on Monday.Compatriot* Jeff Sluman says even Tiger has to take periodic breaks.He's unbelievable. He's got an opportunity, as I said even a couple yearsago, if he stays healthy and does the right things, he can maybe be the best golfer of all time, and he's showing right now what he can do. The kid is just a fabulous, fabulous player, but he can't play every week."Eight of the past 10 Kemper Open winners are in this year's field of 156 golfers, who are vying for three million dollars in prize money. The first-place check has been increased from 450 thousand to 540 thousand dollars.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about an annual Kemper Open golf tournament on Thursday.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions."1.The Kemper Open golf tournament will be held on Thursday.2.Rich Beem comes back to defend his title.3.He is currently ranked 132nd on the money list.4.Tiger Woods is number-one on golf's money list and in the world rankings.5.He has to take a break after a match on Monday.6.There are 156 golfers taking part in this event.7.The total prize money is three million dollars.8.The prize for the first place is 540 thousand dollarsSection Four Supplementary ExercisePart 1 Feature ReportUS Men’s National Collegiate Basketball TournamentThe widely followed US men's national collegiate basketball tournament concludes tonight (9 p.m. EST) in Atlanta with a championship match-up* between Maryland and Indiana.Maryland is in the championship game for the first time in the school history. To get here, the Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketball traditions: Kentucky, Connecticut and Kansas.Now they face another, Indiana. While Maryland was one of the four top seeds in this 65-team tournament, the Indiana Hoosiers* were a fifth seed, and virtually no one expected them to reach the title game*. But they knocked off defending champion Duke in the third round, and in the semifinals they upset Oklahoma.Maryland coach Gary Williams knows it will take a solid effort to win. "Any team that's gotten to where Indiana has gotten, you don't look at their record. You look at how they're playing now, how they play. Any time a team plays team defense like they do, they have a chance to beat anybody. That's whatconcerns me the most, their ability to play together as a unit, because a lot of times you can play with anybody when you play that close together like they do."Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season. The last time a team won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas in 1988. Maryland has a school record of 31 wins against only 4 losses. It has three seniors in the starting line-up* who reached the semifinals last year, and they are determined that this time they will take home the school's first men's national basketball championship.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about two teams that will compete for the championship of US men's national collegiate basketball tournament.Exercises BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following sentences.1.M aryland moves in the championship game for the first time in the schoolhistory.2.The Maryland Terrapins had to beat three teams with great basketballtraditions before it reached the title game.3.Among the 65 teams, the Indiana team was a fifth seed.4.Indiana has 27 wins and 11 defeats this season.st year the Maryland Terrapins reached the semifinals.6. In 1988, the team who won the national championship with as many as 11 losses was Kansas.Part 2 PassageWho on Earth Invented the Airplane?1. He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Parisapartment and during the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends.2. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as theinventor of the airplane all over Europe.3. But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicit anavalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count.4. His flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted, publicly flew apredetermined length and then landed safely.5. By the time the Brazilian got around to(开始考虑做) his maiden flightthe Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including oneflight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont, a bon vivant as well-known for his aerial prowess as he was for his dandyish* dress and place in the high-society life of Belle Epoque Paris.As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric* Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine."He would keep his dirigible* tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and every night he would fly to Maxim's for dinner. During the day he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends," Hoffman said.It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption* with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris. Since his was the first public flight in the world, he was hailed as the inventor of the airplane all over Europe.It was only later that Orville and Wilbur Wright proved they had beaten Santos-Dumont at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, three years earlier.But to bring up the Wright brothers with a Brazilian is bound to elicit* an avalanche of arguments as to why their flight didn't count."It's one of the biggest frauds* in history," scoffs Wagner Diogo, a taxi driver in Rio de Janeiro."No one saw it, and they used a catapult* to launch the airplane."The debate centers on the definition of flight.Henrique Lins de Barros, a Brazilian physicist and Santos-Dumont expert, argues that the Wright brothers' flight did not fulfill the conditions that had been set up at the time to distinguish a true flight from a prolonged hop.Santos-Dumont's flight did meet the criteria: He took off unassisted,publicly flew a predetermined length and then landed safely."If we understand what the criteria were at the end of the 19th century, the Wright brothers simply did not fill any of the prerequisites," said Lins de Barros.Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros concede* this is wrong. He says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff, disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in / Washington, says such claims are preposterous*.By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.Even in France the Wrights are considered to have flown beforeSantos-Dumont, says Claude Carlier, director of the French Center for the History of Aeronautics and Space.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in .1901,Santos-Dumont helped prove that air travel could be controlled.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionAlberto Santos-Dumont was a wealthy Brazilian aviation pioneer who came to Paris, France, at the age of 18 to live and study. He attempted his first balloon ascent in 1897 and had his first successful ascent in 1898. He began to construct dirigible airships powered with gasoline-powered engines in 1898 and built and flew fourteen of the small dirigibles. In 1901, he flew his hydrogen-filled airship from St. Cloud, around the Eiffel Tower, and back to St. Cloud. It was the first such flight and won him the Deutsch Prize and a prize from the Brazilian government. In 1902, he attempted to cross the Mediterranean in an airship but crashed into the sea. In 1909, he produced his "Demoiselle" or "Grasshopper" monoplane, the precursor to the modern light plane.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.-T- 1. The Brazilians believe that it was Alberto Santos-Dumont who invented the airplane.(Ask anyone in Brazil who invented the airplane, and they will say Alberto Santos-Dumont ... )-T- 2. In Paul Hoffman's day Alberto Santos-Dumont was the only person to own a flying machine.(As Paul Hoffman recounts in his biography Wings of Madness, the eccentric Brazilian was the only person in his day to own a flying machine.)-T- 3. According to Hoffman, Alberto Santos-Dumont used his dirigible as a means of transportation.(He would keep his dirigible tied to a gas lamp post in front of his Paris apartment at the Champs Elysees, and he would fly to Maxim's for dinner every night and he'd fly to go shopping or to visit friends during the day.)-F 4. On November 12, 1906, Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like device with boxy wings some 200 meters on the outskirts of Paris.(It was on November 12, 1906, when Santos-Dumont flew a kite-like contraption with boxy wings called the 14-Bis some 220 meters on the outskirts of Paris.)-T- 5. Some Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with assistance by a device.(Brazilians claim that the Wrights launched their Flyer in 1903 with a catapult or at an incline, disqualifying it from being a true airplane.)-T- 6. Some experts believe steady wind might have helped the Flyer's takeoff. (Even Santos-Dumont experts like Lins de Barros ... , Lins de Barros says that the steady winds at Kitty Hawk were crucial for the Flyer's takeoff,disqualifying the flight because it probably could not lift off on its own.)-F7. Officials from the US National Air Force say such claims are groundless.(Peter Jakab, chairman of the aeronautics division at the US National Air and Space Museum in Washington, says such claims are preposterous.)-T-8. The Wrights had already made several successful flights before Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight.(By the time Santos-Dumont got around to his maiden flight the Wright brothers had already flown numerous times, including one flight in which they flew 39 kilometers.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.By rounding the Eiffel Tower in a motorized dirigible in 1901, Santos-Dumonthelped prove that air travel could be controlled.2.(Open)。