(全英文论文)公示语及其翻译
英译汉中的 正确公示语
英语常用告示语Common Signs and Short Notices in EnglishI．Road and Traffic 公路和交通Approaching end of motorway 即将驶出高速。
Avoid the jams. 避免交通堵塞。
Dangerous bend 弯道危险Diverted traffic 交叉路口Entry to motorway 高速入口Left junction 左交叉口Look left (right) 向左（右）看。
Low bridge ahead 前方桥低。
New hours of parking control 停车控制新时段No entry 禁止驶人No stopping at any time 任何时间不准停车No thoroughfare 禁止通行No trade or business vehicle unless authorized 未经允许货车禁止通行。
Pedestrian crossing ahead 注意前方人行横道。
Pedestrian crossing 人行横道Please drive carefully 请小心驾驶。
Road closed 此路封闭Slow，school 前方学校请慢行。
Speed limit of 48kmh 限速每小时48公里The law requires you wear a seatbelt 法规要求系安全带。
This vehicle stops frequently 随时停车II．Car and Parking 汽车和停车Car park front and rear.前后停车Cars parked here without permission will be clamped 未经允许在此停车将被拖走Guest’s car park 来客停车场Limited parking 停车位有限No parking constantly in use 此处经常使用，禁止停车。
公示语的翻译
公示语汉英翻译的原则
在公示语功能特色和语言风格的基础上， 刘法公（2008）以纽马克的文本分类作为理 论依据，试提出公示语汉英翻译三原则：统 一（consistency）、简洁（conciseness）和 易懂（comprehensibility）。这三个翻译标 准基本上能反映公示语独特的社会功能和语 言特征，能满足公示语汉英翻译标准问题的 特殊需要。
Out-Patient Department Stamp Vending Machine Take Away Service Available Baby Chang失物品 店方概不负责 Management nor responsible for articles lost or stolen;
高教园区：Higher Education Zone
杭州高新技术开发区 原译：High and New Technology Development Region “杭州高新技术开发区”的原译有两个问题：第一，把“高 新技术”对号入座地译成了“High and New Technology”是不 查辞典想当然的结果。第二，将“开发区”译为 “Development Region”，也不正确。美国的Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language (Second College Edition)给region和zone两个词的解释是：region，“an administrative division of a country (某一国家的行政区)”，如 “香港特别行政区”的英语就是“Hongkong Special Administrative Region”，简称Hongkong SAR；“澳门特别行 政区”的英语也是“Macao Special Administrative Region”， 简称Macao SAR；zone，“any area or region considered as separate or distinct from others because of its particular use…”。 显然，zone是指“有特殊用途并与其它区域分开或不同的区 域”，如：Cotton zone (种棉区)，non-military zone (非军事 区) 等。所以，“开发区”应译为“Development Zone”。
公示语翻译
公示语翻译（一）警示提示语序号中文名称英文名称1 请勿摄像No Filming/No Video2 请勿录音No Recording3 请勿拍照No Photography4 请勿吸烟No Smoking5 请勿蹬踏Don't Step On6 请勿触摸Don't Touch7 请勿入内No Admittance8 保持安静/请勿大声喧哗Quiet Please9 请勿乱动开关Please Don't Touch the Switch10 请勿将软包装的饮料带入场内No Drinks from Outside11 请随手关门Keep Door Closed /Please close the door behind you.12 请节约用水Please Save Water/Don't Waste Water13 请节约用纸Please Save Paper/Don't Waste Paper14 请出示证件Please Show Y our ID15 请排队等候入场Please Line Up16 请保持场内清洁Please Keep the Area Clean/ Don't Litter17 请关闭通讯设备Please Turn Off Cellphones & Beepers18 请将手机和寻呼机静音Please Mute Cellphones & Beepers19 小心烫伤Caution! Hot20 小心地滑Caution! Slippery/Caution! Wet Floor21 小心玻璃Caution! Glass22 道路湿滑请小心Caution! Slippery When Wet23 下台阶时请您小心Watch Y our Step/ Mind the Step24 观众止步No Admittance25 非公莫入Staff Only26 禁止通行No Admittance/No Entry27 谢绝参观No Admittance28 谨防扒窃Beware of Pickpockets29 严禁使用明火No Open Flame30 场内禁止吸烟No Smoking31 非演职人员请勿入内Staff Only32 演出人员请到此止步No Admittance for Performers33 一米以下儿童谢绝入内No Admittance for Children Under 1m.34 贵宾专用通道VIP Only35 办公区域，观众止步Staff Only36 舞台重地、观众止步Staff Only37 贵重物品请随身保管Please Don't Leave Y our V aluables Unattended38 易碎品，请轻拿轻放Fragile! Handle with Care39 商品展示柜，此产品不参加活动Display Only40 请保管好您随身携带的物品Take Care of Y our Belongings41 离开时请您带上您的包Please Take Y our Belongings When Leaving42 演出进行中，请勿大声喧哗或随意走动。
公示语的语言特点与汉英翻译.
突出提示、限制的公示语具有强制功能， 因而带有动态的意义。用于公共交通、 公共设施、紧急救援等。
TURN RIGHT→向右转弯 ARRIVED→（航班）抵达 NO PHOTOGRAPHING→严禁拍照 NO TIPPING →谢绝小费 WALK→（人行道）通行 HOLD THE HAND RAIL→紧握扶手
POLICE LINE DO NOT PASS →警戒线 勿超越 DON’T WALK →禁止通行
4．公示语信息的“静态”和“动态” 意义
突出服务、指示功能的公示语具有静态 意义。应用于旅游设施，如旅游景点、 旅游服务、商业设施、体育设施、文化 设施、卫生设施、宗教会所、科教机构、 涉外机构、街区名称、旅游信息咨询， 以及一些具有公示意义的职务、职称等。
RAMP SPEED →斜坡限速
九、词汇简洁，措辞精确
PASSENGERS ONLY →送客止步 DANGER →危险 LOCKER ROOM →更衣室 WASHING BAY →洗车场 OPEN NOW →现在营业
KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD AND FEED →切勿接近食物和饲料
→一站二看三通过
STAND FACING THE DIRECTION OF T RAVEL
→面向前方站立
三、使用词组或短语
OPEN NOW →现在营业 SOLD OUT →售完 CHECK IN →入住登记 PERFORMANCE CENTER →表演中心 BELL SERVICE →行李房
DO NOT DISTURB →请勿打扰
KEEP OFF THE GRASS →勿踏草坪
公示语数字 英文翻译
小草青青，足下留情。
Version 2: The grass so fair, needs your care!小草微微笑，请您走便道。
Version 2: If you stay off my ground, I’ll be green all the year round.为了您和他人的身体健康，请不要吸烟！Version 1: For the sake of your health and other’s, don’t smoke，please!严禁携带易燃易爆等危险品进站！Version: Dangerous Articles Are Strictly Forbidden！禁止向凶猛动物投掷杂物！Version 1: Throwing Things to Fierce Animals Is Forbidden！Version 2: Let Sleeping Animals Lie！武汉是我家，清洁靠大家。
Version 1: Wuhan is our home, and its cleanness depends on all.半斤八两 —— six of one and half a dozen of the other, six and two threes 一而再 —— once and again乱七八糟 —— at sixes and sevens百里挑一 —— one in a thousand一箭双雕 —— kill two birds with one stone一个巴掌拍不响 —— It takes two to make a quarrel三三两两——in twos and threes, in ones and twos两面三刀——play a double game说三道四——spread idle talk挑三拣四——pick and choose四邻八舍——all the neighbours, whole neighbourhood四通八达——extend in all directions; be accessible from all directions四面楚歌——exposed to attack on all sides; being utterly isolated五冬六夏——all the year round过五关，斩六将——surmount numerous difficulties or obstacles六六大顺——good fortune and prosperity六亲不认——to disown all one’s relatives and friends眼观六路，耳听八方——all eyes and ears一目十行——read rapidly七窍通了六窍—— 一窍不通:know nothing about; be completely ignorant 五个人住两地—— 三心二意:be half hearted; be of two minds。
公示语的特点及其翻译
公示语的特点及其翻译
公示语是指在公共场所或者单位内部公示栏上贴出的文字，用于通告、宣传或者告知特定信息的一种语言形式。
公示语的特点如下：
1.简洁明了：公示语通常要求简练，言之有物，能够迅速传递信息并
引起读者的注意。
2.目的明确：公示语往往有明确的目的，例如通知、提醒、告示等，
引起读者的关注并产生相应的行动。
3.句式简单：公示语一般使用简单的句式和常用的词汇，以便于读者
的理解和接受。
4.语气严肃：公示语通常使用正式、严肃的语气，突出其权威性和告
知性。
以下是公示语的中文翻译：
- Notice: 通知
- Announcement: 告示
- Warning: 警示
- Reminder: 提醒
- Important Information: 重要信息
- Attention: 注意
- Request: 请求
- Opening Hours: 营业时间
- Maintenance Notice: 维护通知
- Emergency Exit: 紧急出口
- No Smoking: 禁止吸烟
- Keep Clean: 保持清洁
- Lost and Found: 失物招领
- Closed for Renovation: 关闭装修
- Pardon Our Dust: 不便之处，敬请谅解
- Parking Lot Full: 停车场已满
- Meeting Announcement: 会议通知
- In Case of Emergency: 紧急情况下
以上只是公示语的一些常见特点和中文翻译，实际上，公示语的形式和内容可以因场合和需求而有所不同。
中英公示语大全
R
人才培养基地
Talent training base
绕行
Detour
入住登记
Check in
S
售票机
Ticket machine
送客止步
Passengers only
收银台
Cashier
收费站
Toll gate
(厕所)使用中
Occupied
禁止通行
No passing
禁止停车
No parking
禁止超速
No speeding
禁止吸烟
1.No smoking
2.Smoke free
禁止随地吐痰
No spitting
禁止狗便
No dog pooping
禁烟区
Non-smoking area
禁止滑板车
No skate boarding
禁止超车
T
投诉中心
Complaint center
U
V
W
勿踏草坪
Keep off the grass
勿乱扔垃圾
1.No littering
2.No rubbish
问询服务
Information
勿疲劳驾驶
Don’t drive when tired
外卖服务
Take away
勿运货物
No cargo
网吧
Internet cafe
易爆物
Explosive
饮用水
Drinking water
野生动物保护区
1.Game Reserve
2.Wildlife protection area
公示语集锦 中英互译、翻译权威词汇
公示语集锦——2005年夏英国伦敦实地采集译协编辑1. 为了公众利益和环境保护机动车停驶时请关闭引擎 IN THE INTEREST OF THE PUBLIC AND THEENVIRONMENT PLEASE SWITCH OFF YOUR ENGINE WHILST STATIONARY2. 请沿站台过往 Pass along the platform please3. 门票在检票处免费索取如需帮助，请找工作人员。
5:30停止入园。
Tickets are FREE from the admissionsdesk Please ask a member of staff if you require assistance. Last Admission 5:304. 请注意此门开关费力 Please be aware that the door is difficult to open and close.5. 请在乘车前购买好车票 Please buy your ticket before you board the train6. 乘车前请购票违规者必罚款（至少20镑） Please buy your ticket before you travel, otherwise you may have to pay a Penalty Fare (at least £20).7. 狗便后请清理 PLEASE CLEAN UP AFTER YOUR DOG8. 请随手关门谢 PLEASE CLOSE BEHIND YOU.THANK YOU.9. 出入请将门关严 Please close this gate securely on entry and exit10. 找寻自行车支架请查阅站区图或请教车站工作人员 Please consult the station map or a member of staff for location of cycle racks.11. 请勿将设备或垃圾置留区内 PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE EQUIPMENT OR RUBBISH WITHIN THIS AREA12.请勿在此停车PLEASE DO NOT PARKHERE.13. 请勿将其它类别的塑料投入此筒/箱 Please DO NOT put other types of plastics in the bin.14. 请勿移动任何可疑物品 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE ANY SUSPICIOUS DEVICES.15. 请从另端进入 Please enter at other end.16. 请按门票所示线路参观 PLEASE FOLLOW THE VISITOR ROUTE INDICATED ON YOUR GUIDE TICKET17. 请将机票或登机牌准备好接受安检 Please have your ticket or boarding card ready for inspection.18. 请协助确保列车准点运行 Please help to run trains on time19. 请协助我们保持站区清洁。
公示语翻译
公示语翻译公示语翻译一、文化细则（一）警示提示语（1）剧院序号中文名称英文名称1 请勿摄像No Filming/No Video2 请勿录音No Recording3 请勿拍照No Photography4 请勿吸烟No Smoking5 请勿蹬踏Don't Step On6 请勿触摸Don't T ouch7 请勿入内No Admittance8 保持安静/请勿大声喧哗Quiet Please9 请勿乱动开关Please Don't T ouch the Switch10 请勿将软包装的饮料带入场内No Drinks from Outside11 请随手关门Keep Door Closed /Please close the door behind you.12 请节约用水Please Save Water/Don't Waste Water13 请节约用纸Please Save Paper/Don't Waste Paper14 请出示证件Please Show Your ID15 请排队等候入场Please Line Up16 请保持场内清洁Please Keep the Area Clean/ Don't Litter17 请关闭通讯设备Please Turn Off Cellphones & Beepers18 请将手机和寻呼机静音Please Mute Cellphones & Beepers19 小心烫伤Caution! Hot20 小心地滑Caution! Slippery/Caution! Wet Floor21 小心玻璃Caution! Glass22 道路湿滑请小心Caution! Slippery When Wet23 下台阶时请您小心Watch Your Step/ Mind the Step24 观众止步No Admittance25 非公莫入Staff Only26 禁止通行No Admittance/No Entry27 谢绝参观No Admittance28 谨防扒窃Beware of Pickpockets29 严禁使用明火No Open Flame30 场内禁止吸烟No Smoking31 非演职人员请勿入内Staff Only32 演出人员请到此止步No Admittance for Performers33 一米以下儿童谢绝入内No Admittance for Children Under 1m.34 贵宾专用通道VIP Only35 办公区域，观众止步Staff Only36 舞台重地、观众止步Staff Only37 贵重物品请随身保管Please Don't Leave Your Valuables Unattended38 易碎品，请轻拿轻放Fragile! Handle with Care39 商品展示柜，此产品不参加活动Display Only40 请保管好您随身携带的物品Take Care of Your Belongings41 离开时请您带上您的包Please Take Your Belongings When Leaving44 请准时入场，对号入座，迟到的观众请在场外等候，待幕间安静时，入场就近入座Please arrive punctually and takeyour numbered seat. Latecomersplease wait outside, and take aseat nearby during an interval.45 谢谢合作！Thanks for your cooperation!46 机房重地,非公莫入Machine Room. Staff Only.47 自动门Automatic Door48 应急疏散出口Emergency Exit49 紧急出口Emergency Exit50 禁止出入Please Remain Seated During Performance51 电源Power Supply52 消防通道禁止停车Fire Engine Access. No Parking.（2）书店序号中文名称英文名称1 找零请当面点清Please check your change before leaving2 本柜结帐请稍候T emporarily Closed3 本层图书请在本层购买Please Pay at This Floor4 乘梯须知：乘梯请注意安全，站在黄线以内，下梯时及时抬脚，儿童老人应有人领乘。
文化语用学视域下的公示语及其翻译
文化语用学视域下的公示语及其翻译公示语是指在公共场所、机关、单位等出现的用于说明某种情况、法规、规定等的文字，例如安全警示语、规章制度等。
在文化语用学的视域下，公示语不仅是一种信息传递的方式，还涉及到社会文化价值观、政治意识形态、语用习惯等因素的影响。
以下是一些公示语的例子及中文翻译：
1. No Smoking. 禁止吸烟。
2. Please Keep Quiet. 请保持安静。
3. No Parking. 严禁停车。
4. Keep Off the Grass. 请勿践踏草坪。
5. Do Not Enter. 禁止入内。
6. Queue Here. 在此排队。
7. No Littering. 禁止乱扔垃圾。
8. For Emergency Use Only. 仅供紧急情况使用。
9. Authorized Personnel Only. 仅限授权人员进入。
10. Thank You for Your Cooperation. 感谢您的合作。
在翻译公示语时，除了要传达准确的意思，还要考虑到当地的文化背景和语用惯例。
因此，翻译公示语需要综合考虑语境、社会文化背景等多个方面的因素。
公示语集锦（英语）
公示语集锦请为了公众利益和环境保护机动车停驶时请关闭引擎IN THE INTERES T OF THE PUBLICAND THE ENVIRON MENT PLEASESWITCHOFF YOUR ENGINEWHILSTSTATION ARY出租车站请在此排队等候TAXI RARK PLEASEQUEUE THIS SIDE请沿站台过往Pass along the platfor m please此门停用请走旁门Out of usePleaseuse other doors.楼梯附近，请勿停留，以防堵塞。
To avoid congest ionpleasedo not stand near the stairs门票在检票处免费索取如需帮助，请找工作人员。
5:30停止入园。
Tickets are FREE from the admissi ons deskPleaseask a memberof staff if you require assista nce.Last Admissi on 5:30地方当局要求所有长途车只能在玛丽勒浜路沿线公共汽车站载客、停车，不得驶入格蓝特沃斯路。
Pleasebe advised that all coach drivers are to pick up or drop off passeng ers at the bus stop along MARYLEB ONE ROAD and not to enter Glenwor th Streetas require d by the local authori ty.请注意此门开关费力Pleasebe aware that the door is difficu lt to open and close.请当心Pleasebe careful!请在乘车前购买好车票Pleasebuy your ticketbeforeyou board the train乘车前请购票违规者必罚款（至少20镑）Pleasebuy your ticketbeforeyou travel, otherwi se you may have to pay a Penalty Fare (at least 20).狗便后请清理PLEASECLEAN UP AFTER YOUR DOG请随手关门谢PLEASECLOSEBEHINDYOU.THANK YOU.出入请将门关严Pleaseclose this gate securel y on entry and exit找寻自行车支架请查阅站区图或请教车站工作人员Pleaseconsult the station map or a memberof staff for locatio n of cycle racks.请勿将设备或垃圾置留区内PLEASEDO NOT LEAVE EQUIPME NT OR RUBBISH WITHINTHIS AREA请勿在此停车PLEASEDO NOT PARK HERE.请勿将自行车停靠此处Pleasedo not park your bicycle here.请勿将其它类别的塑料投入此筒/箱PleaseDO NOT put other types of plastic s in the bin.请勿移动任何可疑物品PLEASEDO NOT REMOVEANY SUSPICI OUS DEVICES.请从另端进入Pleaseenter at other end.请按门票所示线路参观PLEASEFOLLOWTHE VISITOR ROUTEINDICAT ED ON YOURGUIDE TICKET请将机票或登机牌准备好接受安检Pleasehave your ticketor boardin g card ready for inspect ion.请协助确保列车准点运行Pleasehelp to run trainson time请协助我们保持站区清洁。
【英语翻译】公示语的翻译
• Little grass has life, please watch your step.
• Little grass is smiling slightly. Please walk on the pavement.
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• Mail order retailing • 邮购服务 • Non-store retailing • 无店面销售 • Retail park • 零售园 • Specialty shop • 专营商店
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• Suburban center • 市郊商业中心 • Telemarketing • 电话销售 • Variety store • 综合商店 • Warehouse club • 会员制超市
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• 四、公示语的翻译
• 常采用三种不同的翻译方法：
• Adapt:参照英语中类似的表达方式进行适当 的更改/模仿;
• Borrow:借用英语中对应的表达方法;
• Create:在前两种情况都不存在的情况下， 按照英语的习惯和思路进行创译。
• 可以归纳为A-B-C模式，即“模仿-借用- 创 新”模式。
• Take care of the grass to keep the place green.
• Treading on grass is treading on life.
• Little grass says smilingly: “walk on the pathway, please.”
2021/6/18
英语专业全英毕业论文(汉英公示语翻译)
本科毕业论文题目：On English Translation of ChinesePublic Signs 院（系）：外语系班级：英语级班姓名：学号：指导教师：教师职称：汉英公示语的翻译摘要公示语向来被称作“城市的脸孔"，是给所有到中国来的外国人士留下第一印象的中国名片。
然而，公示语翻译的错误比比皆是，这大大影响了公示语作用的发挥，削弱了我国的国际形象。
为了树立我国良好的国际形象，不断规范和完善城市公示语的翻译成为了一项亟待完成的工作。
基于以上原因，作者尝试从理论和实践的角度分析现今汉英公示语翻译中所存在的一些问题。
通过对大量标准以及问题公示语翻译的深入观察分析，作者对公示语的一般特征进行了总结并对公示语翻译中出现的问题进行了分类，从而在实践观察和对相关理论深入研究的基础上提出相应的翻译策略。
翻译并不仅仅是跨语言行为，它更是一种文化信息的传递。
公示语的翻译同样如此。
得体的公示语翻译不仅在语言上要无懈可击，在文化信息传递上也要雅俗共赏。
本文还对公示语的概念做出了解释，并根据目的需求与功能两种标准对公示语做了分类。
在介绍公示语的特征时，作者将其分为语言特征与功能特征，特征与分类不同，也决定了需要采取不同的翻译策略。
关键词：汉英翻译；公示语；问题；翻译策略On English Translation of Chinese PublicSignsAbstractPublic signs, which have alway s been referred to “face of city”, are the first impression of China for the people who come to China. However, the ubiquitous translation mistakes of public signs greatly undermine the international image of China. So,specificating and constantly perfecting the translation of public signs have become an urgent work in order to establish a good international image.The paper ventures an attempt to analyze the current problems existing in the C-E translation of public signs and to seek proper translational strategies both from the perspectives of theory and practice．By closely observing numerous samples of both standard and problematic translation of signs，the author manages to generalize the characteristics of public signs and to categorize the problems and mistakes in the current C-E translation of public signs．Then, proper translational strategies are proposed on the basis of in-depth study of relevant theories and keen observation of practice．Translation is not merely a cross-linguistic activity, but more of a transmission of cultural information．The translation of public signs is no exception．An appropriate translation of public sign should not only belinguistically correct, but also culturally acceptable．This paper expresses the meaning of the public signs and classify the signs according to the standards of objective demand and function. And the characteristics of the public signs are different studied from linguistic features and functional features,which determines to adopt different translation strategies.Key words: Chinese-English translation public sign problems translation strategyContents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)CHAPTER I Introduction (1)1.1 O bjective of the study (1)1.2 Significance of the study (1)1.3 Structure of the paper (2)CHAPTER II General Introduction to Public Signs (3)2.1 Definition of Public Signs (3)2.2 Functions of Public Signs (3)2.2.1 Directing function (4)2.2.2 Prompting function (4)2.2.3 Restricting function (4)2.2.4 Compelling function (5)CHAPTER III Analysis on Problems in C-E Translation of Public Signs (6)3.1 Linguistic translation problems (6)3.1.1 Spelling errors (6)3.1.2 Grammatical errors (6)3.1.3 Wrong dictions (7)3.2 Cultural translation problems (7)CHAPTER IV Strategies of C-E Public Signs Translation and Requirementfor Translator (9)4.1 Principles of C-E translation of Public Signs (9)4.1.1 Clearness (9)4.1.2 Conciseness (10)4.1.3 Simple words (10)4.2 Methods of C-E translation of Public S igns (11)4.2.1 Modification (11)4.2.2 Addition (11)4.2.3 Omission (12)4.2.4 Mutual transformation of affirmative and negativee xpressions (13)4.3 Requirement for the t ranslators (13)CHAPTER V Conclusion (15)Acknowledgements (16)Works Cited (17)CHAPTER I Introduction1.1Objective of the studyThe research objective of the study is to examine the translation problems in the Chinese-English public signs translation and further propose the translation strategies as well as principles suitable for specific groups.The studies begin with the careful and long period of observation of the problems existing in the public signs translation. On the basis of the classification of the translation errors proposed by Christiane Nord, the author aims at the most appropriate translation strategies for each type. With the examination of sufficient sources, the author finds that it is not difficult to eliminate the errors at linguistic level since the text of the public signs is less complex than documentary and other instrumental texts due to its conciseness and directness features (Ni 18).1.2 Significance of the studyPublic S igns affect people’s life in a tremendous way. When somebody smokes, it is the public sign that stops him. In fascinating and mysterious spots where we have never been to, it is the public sign that teaches us related knowledge. Foreign visitors from all walks of life，such as entrepreneurs，professors，students and tourists come to China for various purposes．But for most of them，they know little about Chinese．In this case，it is necessary to translate Chinese public signs into English for the convenience of these foreign visitors．In this case, a proper translation helps establish a good image of China and enhance the cultural communication.1.3 Structure of the paperThe paper is structured with five chapters：The first chapter is a general introduction to the thesis, including the objective of the study, the structure of the thesis and the significance of the study. The second chapter makes a general introduction to public sign, including the definition and functions of public sign. The third chapter focuses on the problems of C-E translation of public signs from linguistics and cultural perspectives. The fourth chapter deals with translation strategies of C-E public signs in connection with principles, methods and the standardization for the translators, including modification, addition, omission and mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions. And the fifth chapter draws a conclusion to the paper，in which the author appeals for translators and scholars to make contributions to the C-E translation of public signs．CHAPTER II General Introduction to Public Signs2.1 Definition of Public SignsPublic Signs，which are usually called“signs”，include public notices，advertisements，slogans and expressions on the public signs．Public signs refer to “signs” in English and are defined in different ways.Ac cording to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1997)，a sign is a piece of paper, metal, or wood with words or a picture that gives information，warnings，or instructions.In that sense, public sign is the general terms for indicators，signs，traffic signs, posters, slogans, warning, short notices，short instructions，stickers，and are becoming the catch word and the buzzword．All in all, public signs are so widely used and played important roles in our daily life.2.2 Functions of Public SignsPublic signs are essential to the normal operation of the society and their influence is also visible in almost every aspect of our daily life．Sometimes，we have to admit that our lives cannot do without the proper guidance that public signs provide to us．However, what usually happens is that we are prone to be bewildered by various public signs and the enormous information they convey to us．Therefore, it would be necessary to classify the public signs in terms of their functions as well as the status of information that they deliver．2.2.1 Directing functionDirecting is the most basic function of public signs, t his type of public signs is used to give readers related information about what the institution is，what it deals with and what kind of service it can provide．For example:Take Away(外卖)，Gas Station(加油站),Emergency Exit(紧急出口),Business Hours(营业时间)，Pause(暂停)，Menu(菜单)，Airport Security(机场安检).From the examples above we may tell that the language and the tone of these public signs are generally neutral，reflecting no attitude towards receptors．Therefore，public signs of this kind are purely informative rather than vocative．2.2.2 Prompting functionPromoting signs are similar to the directive ones in their informative function. While the difference is the former ．carries the tone of warning，reminding the readers to pay some attention to certain things or activities．For example：Keep Clear(请保持清洁), Keep Silence(请保持安静),Wet Paint(油漆未干)，Fully Booked(客满)，Beware of Pickpockets(小心扒手)，Maximum Height(限高).2.2.3 Restricting functionPublic Signs with restricting function impose restriction or even prohibition on receptors.The language used in this kind of signs are simple and direct but are not in rude，tough or impolite way．We can list some of them as following：Pay In Cash(现金支付),Slow Out(减速慢行),Keep Silence(保持安静),30 Minutes Parking(限停30分钟),Seat By Number(对号入座), Stand In Line(排队等候).2.2.4 Compelling functionCompelling function is the strongest considerable mood.It is used to prohibit the readers to do something or must do something.The language used is usually forceful，with no possibility of making a compromise．The sign with this function which we mostly often see is“No Smoking禁止吸烟”，that is to say that smoking iscompletely forbidden．Imperative sentence is not enough to express this strong mood，usually, we use“No+…”form，for example，“No Food禁止携带食物”．More examples：Don’t Touch(禁止触摸),No Cameras(禁止拍照)，No Visitors(游客止步),No Trucks(卡车禁止通行),Dogs Not Allowed(禁止带狗入内).Translation of the public signs, translators not only need to grasp their function features since we use different mood to express different function,but also should keep their language features in mind during the translating.CHAPTER III Analysis on Problems in C-E Translation ofPublic Signs3.1 Linguistic translation problemsLinguistic translation errors are often due to deficiencies in the translator's source or target language competence (Nord 77).And in his book Pragmatics and English Language He Ziran explained that by making linguistic errors，the translators and interpreters fail to conform to the target language structures，instead they blindly translate the source text in their own language structures(157).Professor Wang Yinquan, classifies linguistic translation errors into: spelling mistakes, grammar mistakes and wrong diction (32).3.1.1 Spelling errorsSpelling errors are typical translation problems in bilingual public signs. The reasons for this type of errors attribute to the three factors: the incompetent language acquisition, the laziness of the translator when writing, the uncertainty of the correct spelling, among which the third type is most difficult to be identified. For example: 3.1.2 Grammatical errorsApart from spelling mistakes，many grammatical errors also occur in the translated signs．These errors appear in various forms，most of which result from the translator’s poor command of the English language or irresponsible working attitude．As a result，the translated public signs cannot be of any help to the target readers．Sometimes they may do damage the image of our city．For example: 室内停车场(Car Park)—It may be apparent to tell that the translator intends to use the word“park”as a noun to express the meaning of parking place for automobiles．However, as a noun the word actually means a public place wherepeople can entertain themselves with the landscape or public facilities in it．Therefore, it will be advisable to use the gerund form of the word “park”and translate it as“Indoor Parking”．3.1.3 Wrong dictionsWrong Dictions occur when t he translator doesn’t make right choices of words in the target culture that will lead to unsuccessful expression of the correct information to the target text receivers. In fact, many English words have more than one meaning. Sometimes one word used to describe the source culture may not be applicable in another situation and the diction is conditioned. The words chosen for each text might vary according to different semantic and syntactic features in different situations. For example:请勿采摘花朵--Please Don’t Pick Flowers. Here use“pick”to describe the gesture. In fact, there is a variety of expression in English corresponding with “摘”, of which one of the expressions is “pick”. But in the given circumstances, “pick”doesn’t equate with “摘”. “Pick”means to select among a variety of choices, but here the sender wants to persuade people not to pluck the flowers. The error is due to the confusion about the seemingly identical usage of one word.3.2 Cultural translation problemsAs we all know, people in different cultures may view the same thing in different ways and differ in the perspective of cognition．At the same time，they express the same idea in different way．As far as Chinese and English are concerned, culture differences are tremendous．Translation breaks down language barriers and thus realizes communication between cultures using different languages. In this sense, target readers approach to people of source culture whose beliefs, backgrounds, perception of the world are distinct from their own.For example:古装照相It is ancient to pack photo“古装照相”is a typical Chinese term. In English, people don’t have the correspondent term. According to the public signs translation convention, the signs which are composed of Chinese noun phrases are expected to have the same structure in English version, so the sentence is not correct in terms of the sentence structure. Also concerning the meaning of the sentence, it is wrongly translated that the foreigners can’t get the message which leads to the pragmatic failure of the assumed function. The correct version should be “Photos in ancient costume”.CHAPTER IV Strategies for C-E Public Signs Translation4.1 Principles of C-E translation of Public SignsAs we know, different functions need different language forms to convey and each language style possesses its special principles.Ni Chuanbin and Liu Zhi analyze the language principles of public signs in their essay“The Principles for C-E Translation of Public Signs and its Cases Study”，published in Shanghai Journal of Translators for Science and Technology(18)．Firstly, the signs are on a board，so the language on the signs should be in concise way due to the comparatively small space．Secondly, some public signs must draw the public’s attention at the first sight and the readers can catch its meaning very quickly and correctly, especially the traffic signs，such as“Abrupt Turn Left Ahead前方急转弯”，the applied words should be simple ones instead of rare ones．At last，the meaning of the signs should be clear and easy to read，the sign is set without ambiguity. So we can know the principles in details as following:4.1.1 ClearnessDue to the short time the target reader can spend on reading the signs the meaning of the signs should be clear and easy to be understood．As the target readers are the common people who have little knowledge related to the concerned topic，the signs should directly hit the point and there should exist no vagueness．“严禁客货混装Don’t put passengers and cargos together”. It is hazy and not clearness. So the sign“严禁客货混装”should be translated into“No passengers on Trucks”．The signs are set for the public and not every reader is professional，therefore when we translate signs，we should hit the point directly and clearly and should notjust talk around the bush.4.1.2 ConcisenessAccording to William Strunk，Jr．and E．B．White in 1979(Joan Pinkham)：“Vigorous writing is concise．A sentence should contain no unnecessary words，a paragraph no unnecessary sentences，for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts．”It is also true of language of public signs．Usually, the readers for public signs just give a quick look at the board with signs on when they pass by．So the language on it need not be in a complete sentence，a phrase or just a word is enough，for example，“No Smoking禁止吸烟”，“Open正在营业”，we need not use sentences“Please do not smoke”an“We are on business”.4.1.3 Simple wordsPublic Signs are set for the public，target readers of this kind of materials are ordinary people，not only the native English speakers，but also other foreigners who know a little English and English is not his mother language，and target readers also include overseas Chinese who is not a English native speaker．If the English version is full of rare words and expression，it will cause a pragmatic failure of communication for public signs．There is always a small restaurant at the airport to provide fast food for the passengers，the English tablet should be“Snacks”instead of“Refection”，the later one is not often be used nowadays and we cannot find it in the dictionaries published in recent years．Take all another example，“景区环境卫生，需要您的维护”，should we translate it into“Environmental Sanitation of the Scenic Spot Needs Your Conserve”? The words“sanitation”and“environmental”are not familial words for the public，we had better use“Keep Clear”or“No Littering”．From the above，in order to make target readers catch the meaning at first glance，we should use the concise，clear, simple words and expressions in C-E translation of public signs．4.2 Strategies of C-E translation of Public Signs4.2.1 ModificationGenerally speaking, it is always the case that the reader in the culture of the target language may not share the cultural background of the source language．Therefore，when dealing with culture-loaded words and idioms，the translator sometimes has to make cultural modification so as to generate the same feedback from the target text reader with that of the source text reader, and as for the translation of public signs, it is no exception．For examples：西湖的虎跑泉—Tiger Running Spring, in this public sign,the translator obviously take the actual meaning of the sign for granted by translating the word“虎跑”as“tiger running”which means that a tiger runs for the spring．4.2.2 AdditionSome public signs，especially signs at scenic spots，tend to include dynasties，legends or other cultural elements，while most foreign visitors lack the background knowledge of China．If the public signs are translated literally, the English versions may confuse the target readers．Thus we should adopt the translation strategy of addition to supply necessary information on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original public signs．For example：谢绝游客入内Closed To Visitors禁止在墙上涂写No Scribbling On The Wall4.2.3 OmissionDue to different aesthetic standards and cultures，Chinese writing tends to include flowery words，four-word phrases or some culture elements which are special to the Chinese culture．However, English writing pursues clear and simple expressions．In How to Help Foreigners Know China，Duan Liancheng holds a view that with the development of tourism in recent years，large numbers of brochures pamphlets and pictorials have been published for foreign tourists．A common weakness of these materials is full of flowery words and cultural elements of China which may confuse the target readers (Duan 286). So the translator should omit some adjectives or cultural elements which may pose barriers to the target readers．Then the English version will be easily understood by them．For example：1.Source Text：慢速行驶Version A：You must drive slowly．Version B：Drive slowly2.Source Text：前方学校Version A：There is a school ahead．Version B：School Ahead4.2.4 Mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressionsMutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions is a common strategy in translating the text of one language to the other．It is especially useful for transcending the translational difficulties due to different ways or habits of expressing ideas in Chinese and English．In translating public signs，mutual transformation of affirmative and negativeexpressions is necessary as well．In western countries especially in English—speaking countries，people tend to avoid using negative expressions in public literatures as much as possible in case that unpleasant emotion or feeling would be aroused on the part of the receptor．However, because of the difference in cultural values,negative expressions are more frequently used in Chinese public signs．Therefore，according to the theory of cultural translation, we should adopt the translational method of“Domestication”．For example: “社会车辆禁止入内”，it is a kind of negative expression in Chinese language. While it should be translated into “Staff Only” in English, it is affirmative.4.3 Requirement for the translatorsThe C-E translation of public signs is by no means an easy job and it requires that a translator be serious and accountable in attitude, and proficient in both the source and the target languages at the same time．A good translator should always bear in mind the features and characteristics of public signs.Only if the translators acquire the expertise in the source and target languages as well as the source and target cultures can they produce qualified versions. In addition, as for the making process of signs, the local governments should choose reliable and efficient sign-making units by means of bidding to undertake the job.And the translation should be tested in the foreigners to ensure the acceptability.Then a supervision organization in charge of public signs should be established to make sure that some common English versions are accurate and unified.CHAPTER V ConclusionBased on the previous discussions and analyses, the major findings of this study can be summarized as follow:Firstly, the linguistic translation problems account for the reasons for spelling, grammatical and wrong dictions problems. Translators should improve their language acquisition in dealing with the problems.Secondly, as to cultural problems, the translators are advised to adopt communicative translation. To be more specific, the translation strategies are adaptation, restructuring, semi-literal translation, etc.Thirdly, the C-E translation involves the principles and the methods. The principles include three points of clearness, conciseness and simple words. The translation takes place in a given situation or in another sense, the methods of C-E translation of public signs should be divided into four: modification, addition, omission and mutual transformation of affirmative and negative expressions.Actually, the problems of the translation of public signs are far more complicated than the thesis．The problems that have been discussed and proposed with strategies to are just a tiny tip of the whole iceberg．With the development of the society, it is sure that more and more public signs will come out by taking various forms，and new problems in translating them will turn up．Therefore，the classification of public signs and mistranslation, as well as the strategies for the betterment of the current status of sign translation, although the author attempts to let them be, are not all-inclusive and universally accurate. It is a long and hard way for us to go.AcknowledgementsI would like to express my heartfelt thanks to those who offered me their sincere support and encouragement in the process of my thesis writing．First of all, I’d like to give my sincere thanks to my teacher, Kangbing. She has given me valuable instructions on my study. Whenever I need her help, she always enthusiastically offers me. During the process of the completion of the thesis, from the researches chosen to be analyzed to the final composition, her patient and helpful instructions have benefited me a great deal. Her strict requirements have enabled me to learn how to do research work, and her kind encouragement have been supporting me to the end.Second, my true thanks also go to all the teachers who guide me in the field of business English.Finally, my family and friends give me great encouragement and support during the composition of the thesis. I’d like to send them my heartfelt thanks too.Work CitedBaker, Mona. Encyclopedia of Translation Studies[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004：104.Nida, Eugene A.&C. R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation[M]. Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1969：89-97.Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001：77.Pinkham John．The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish[M]．Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000：99.Snell-Hornby, Marry. Translation Studies: an Integrated Approach[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001：267-271.Wilss，Wolfman．The Science of Translation-Problems and Methods[M]．Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001：125.包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 2002:78-86. 陈定安.英汉比较与翻译[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 1988:271-275. 陈淑莹.标示语英译的语用失误探析[J]. 四川外语学院学报, 2006 ,1:117-120.戴宗显, 吕和发. 公示语汉英翻译研究---以2012年奥运会主办城市伦敦为例[J]. 中国翻译, 2005,6:38-42.何自然．语用学概论[M]．长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988:157.赖少华.浅谈公示语的翻译现状及对策----以广州地铁站公示语翻译为例[J].湖北广播电视大学学报, 2009,6:112-112.吕和发, 单丽平.汉英公示语词典[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2004:38．.倪传斌，刘治．标记语的英译原则及实例分析[J]．上海科技翻译, 1998,2:18-20.单爱民.谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2002,5:76-79.王晓娟. 从功能理论看公示语翻译---以南京城市公示语为例[J]. 湖北经济学院学报:人文社会科学版, 2008,4:119-120.。
公示语英文翻译三例
公示语翻译三例
• • • • • • • • 1，严禁烟火 ， Watchful fair Be careful and firing (小心火 别烫着） 小心火,别烫着 小心火 别烫着） No smoking and firing (请勿吸烟，生火） 请勿吸烟， 请勿吸烟 生火） No Burning (禁止燃烧 禁止燃烧) 禁止燃烧 Mind the fires(注意火灾 注意火灾) 注意火灾 Keep from the fire (远离火灾 远离火灾) 远离火灾 No firework (禁止放烟花 禁止放烟花) 禁止放烟花
• Caution, fire (小心烟火 小心烟火) 小心烟火 • Smoking and lighting fires strictly forbidden （prohibited) • No open flames (禁止明火） 禁止明火） 禁止明火
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
游客止步
• • • • • • • • • • • Passengers, stop here! Guest, go no further tourist stop! The visitors stops No moving No visitors Keep out No visitors No Admittance Out Of Bounds Staff only
• • • •
Slippery floor Please slip carefully Caution, slippery Road, slippery
小心地滑
• • • • • • • • Road is slide Caution for sliding Look out, Slip attention Slip, watch out Slippery, when wet Slip and fall down carefully Caution, slip Xiao xin di hua
（全英文论文）公示语及其翻译
（全英文论文）公示语及其翻译原创毕业论文公布的题目可以用于免费参考(全英文论文)从功能目的论看美国电影字幕翻译-录取通知为例（全英文论文）亚历山德拉与自然—啊，拓荒者！的生态主义解读(全英文论文)浅谈英汉谚语的翻译--从跨文化角度出发(全英文论文)态度对非专业英语学生英语学习的影响(全英文论文)家庭教育对保罗的影响儿子与情人(全英文论文)嘉莉妹妹中女主角嘉莉的分析(全英文论文)“竞赛法”在初中新目标英语句型教学中的应用（全英文论文）非英语专业大学生听力课堂焦虑的影响及解决策略(全英文论文)初中生英语写作中的错误分析与对策XX中学初二学生英语作文(全英文论文)试析美国个人隐私文化的现象及根源(全英文论文)初中生英语自主学习中的性别差异(全英文论文)论简爱中伯莎.梅森的象征意蕴和影响（全英文论文）小说秀拉中的存在主义探析（全英文论文）论白鲸中的象征要素(全英文论文)论中西饮食所凸显的文化差异(全英文论文)英语教育产业化对英语教育的影响(全英文论文)注意力经济中的快速消费品广告语言特征本题目是全英文原创论文，需要完整可以联系QQ：805 99 0749 (全英文论文)关联理论视阈下边城中隐喻的汉英翻译(全英文论文)论塞尔的言语行为理论在六人行中的运用(全英文论文)从文化角度谈英语主语的物称化倾向和汉语主语的人称化倾向(全英文论文)简?爱中的“玛丽?苏”（全英文论文）英语拼读法在小学英语教学中的应用(全英文论文)我校英语写作教学过程中教师意见反馈对学生写作的影响(全英文论文)从言语行为理论看汉娜蒙特娜中的话语幽默(全英文论文)狮子，女巫和魔衣橱中的魔幻与现实从社会环境因素分析布兰奇的心理特征(全英文论文)浅谈现代企业运营中的知识管理（全英文论文）中国特色词汇在对外宣传中的翻译策略(全英文论文)谈日常用品广告英译汉的特色(全英文论文)浅谈高中生口语交际能力的培养(全英文论文)从家庭价值观的角度分析中美家庭教育的差异（全英文论文）外交辞令中模糊策略的应用(全英文论文)中学英语课堂提问艺术(全英文论文)现代教育技术在初中英语词汇教学中的合理运用（全英文论文）喧哗与骚动中的圣经意象(全英文论文)美国文化在文化全球化现象中的积极作用（全英文论文）从生态主义角度看“科学怪人”的命定悲剧(全英文论文)小妇人中美国文化传统的体现(全英文论文)分析王尔德童话中的唯美主义与道德思想(全英文论文)中西传统节日的文化差异及其影响--以春节和圣诞节为例(全英文论文)中国“龙”意象的变化与翻译策略的调整（全英文论文）紫颜色中莎格?艾弗里的多重角色(全英文论文)意识流手法中的语义突破(全英文论文)从海斯特看红字中的女权主义(全英文论文)红楼梦两个英译本杨译本和霍译本诗词翻译对比(全英文论文)产品定位的技巧(全英文论文)从流浪汉小说角度解读雨王汉德森(全英文论文)论猜词法在英语阅读中的重要性及其运用(全英文论文)分析汤姆叔叔的小屋--追求自由(全英文论文)暮光之城中的吸血鬼文化研究(全英文论文)高校学生英语口语课堂焦虑感控制的研究(全英文论文)从桑提亚哥看海明威的奋斗人生（全英文论文）直译与意译的对比研究—对四字成语英译的分析(全英文论文)内地、香港、台湾影片名翻译策略对比研究(全英文论文)浮生六记中特定文化词语的翻译（全英文论文）论红字中的象征要素(全英文论文)影响学生阅读的主要障碍及其解决策略(全英文论文)商标翻译中归化与异化的合理运用（全英文论文）王尔德童话作品的角色分析(全英文论文)信用证欺诈风险与防范(全英文论文)英语教学中的语言艺术（全英文论文）XX中学初二英语课外活动的调查(全英文论文)从关联理论看商务信函的礼貌策略(全英文论文)分析尤金尼亚蝴蝶中的女性角色(全英文论文)老友记字幕翻译研究(全英文论文)英语拼缀词浅析（全英文论文）商务合同中汉译准确性的研究(全英文论文)形成性评价对初中二年级学生英语学习的积极意义（全英文论文）探讨影视作品中双关语的翻译策略-破产姐妹为例(全英文论文)从好莱坞电影中的中国元素看美国对中国意识观念的转变(全英文论文)社交活动中肢体语言的研究(全英文论文)英汉“白色”颜色词探析(全英文论文)中西广告语中体现的文化差异探讨(全英文论文)从金银岛看英国人的冒险精神（全英文论文）新闻英语新词的构词及汉译(全英文论文)虹中的女性婚姻观浅析(全英文论文)试分析广告隐喻的劝说功能英文电影片名的特点和翻译(全英文论文)金融危机下谈了不起的盖茨比对当今美国的意义(全英文论文)论简爱的独立与自尊(全英文论文)露丝的觉醒接骨师之女(全英文论文)基本颜色词中西文化对比(全英文论文)文化差异与跨文化沟通(全英文论文)支架式教学在高中英语阅读教学中的应用（全英文论文）黛西--艳丽容颜下的腐朽灵魂(全英文论文)中学英语课堂提问技巧初探（全英文论文）弗洛伊德人格结构理论角度看美国的悲剧公克莱德悲剧命运(全英文论文)呼啸山庄中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因(全英文论文)XX市区公示语翻译错误分析与对策研究(全英文论文)惠特曼人文主义思想对美国和中国诗歌创作的影响(全英文论文)国际商务活动中的障碍及改进策略(全英文论文)罗伯特?弗罗斯特波士顿以北中的孤独主题(全英文论文)飞屋环游记的人物设置特色分析（全英文论文）新时期英汉语言接触对英语词汇系统的影响(全英文论文)文化视角下的直译和意译(全英文论文)小说小公主主人公萨拉的性格魅力(全英文论文)弗吉尼亚﹒伍尔夫一间自己的屋子的女性主义解读(全英文论文)游戏在小学英语教学法中的运用。
公示语翻译1
例如：严禁拍照 （No Photography）、禁止通行 （Don’t
Walk）、严禁超车（Overtaking Prohibited）、禁扔废弃 物（No Littering）
6. 宣传性公示语（Public Slogans）
宣传性公示语向公众传递信息或者对某一特定事件进行
宣传，如新北京，新奥运（New Beijing, Great
1. 正在检修，请绕行 2. 正在检修，请您稍候 3. 电梯维修，暂停使用 4. 禁止鸣笛 5. 服务区 6. 服务监督电话 7. 检票处 8. 售票处
公示语翻译技巧
去繁从简 遵从习惯 程式化套译 使用祈使句 使用一般现在时
去繁从简
“青岛是我家，清洁靠大家” Qingdao is my home, its cleanness depends on all of us. Keep Our City Clean.
No Stopping（请勿停留），No Spitting（禁止吐痰） Keep Silence（保持安静），Slow Down（减速慢行），
Sold Out（售完）
VIP Lounge
（Very Important Person Lounge, 贵宾休息室）
BRT
（Bus Rapid Transit, 快速公交系统）
遵从习惯
符合目的语语言表达习惯。
“前方修路，请慢驾驶” Road Work Ahead
“该段路为单行道” One Way
程式化套译
由于标识语的结构日益国际化，而文字的表述比较固 定，因此翻译时可以采用程式化的方式来进行套译。 禁止做某事：No + 名词或动名词 禁止掉头：No Turn 禁止停车：No Parking
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