公司金融课后题答案CHAPTER-18

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公司理财全书课后答案及人大金融考研

公司理财全书课后答案及人大金融考研操作指南:大家一般都是用的中文版本,所以题目和英文原书有些出入,我提供的是英文版的详细答案,除了概念题外,都没有原始题目对应,但是这并不防碍大家找到答案,因为中文和英文的题目在数字上全是一致的,所以大家拿着这份答案可以很容易的找到书中的题目.我今年已经确定被录取了,马上要去工作一段时间了然后准备上学去了.最后写点东西给08的DDMM 吧关于理财:建议大家提早看,因为复试的时候其他几门全是记忆的,而理财想在短期提高很不容易,所以大家如果有时间,建议大家在初试前看一看,熟悉一下,理财的重点是前18章+第22章关于其它三门复试课程:金融学要记忆的很多,而且很多地方都有出题的可能,商行的重点很集中就是第9章,证券和理财重叠的知识很多所以看好理财,证券也就基本拿下了,技术分析那章具体的如K线,波浪线,形态理论等看不懂就算了,考试基本不会涉及的.关于人大考研初试公共课:总的来说,你考试的成败就取决于数学上面,当然其它的你要保证上线,想靠英语政治提分很难,北京今年压分压的太厉害,唯一压不了的只有数学,数学的结果是确定的,对就是对,错就是错,但英语政治2卷就不然,你的作文觉得能拿15分,老师就是给你3分你能怎么样呢? 所以劝大家好好学好数学,其他2门中庸一下也不会影响大局,当然对于立志做人大金融第一又或者冲着公费去的DDMM,可以忽略我上面的那段话.推荐几本书吧:数学:基础还行的话直接看二李的复习全书吧不推荐老陈的二李的看3遍然后做660 11月开始做400+真题就足够了我考2次都是这么复习的题目要反复做特别是660 那书你做透了选择填空不会扣分 400最后做按时间严格做做3遍真题再好好看看简单的卷子140 难的这样的分数基本没问题的如果想150 基本要看发挥了政治:看红宝书看3遍不用背但要认真看选择都是那里面的(当然今年有2个题目确实不是,出题的人因此被狂骂)最后一定记得买20天20题那个一定要背每年大题基本都能压到的8月开始准备政治就行了到最后冲刺的时候多花点时间背 75左右没问题的英语: 我只看过真题,看了很多遍.初试专业课:3本指定教材足够了,好好看几遍,重点的东西记忆一下,至于西经计算,考的很EASY的,没时间的话不专门准备也可,IS-LM的计算几乎每年都考,不过很简单的最后祝大家好运,周2回京工作去了,感谢在这里陪我度过考研的每个人.........R,KEVIN,橙子,大K,小鱼...........9月人大见啦~ ~理财答案感谢橙子,这个答案是给我的,很不错,每个题目都有详细的过程,这样让我轻松的在英文中找到了中文原题)CONCEPT部分解决是是所有章节的概念题CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 11.1 · What are the three basic questions of corporate finance?a. Investment decision (capital budgeting): What long-term investment strategy should a firm adopt?b. Financing decision (capital structure): How much cash must be raised for therequired investments?c. Short-term finance decision (working capital): How much short-term cash flow does company need to pay its bills.· Describe capital structure.Capital structure is the mix of different securities used to finance a firm's investments.· List three reasons why value creation is difficult.Value creation is difficult because it is not easy to observe cash flows directly. The reasons are: a. Cash flows are sometimes difficult to identify.b. The timing of cash flows is difficult to determine.c. Cash flows are uncertain and therefore risky.1.2 · What is a contingent claim?A contingent claim is a claim whose payoffs are dependent on the value of the firm at the end ofthe year. In more general terms, contingent claims depend on the value of an underlng asset.· Describe equity and debt as contingent claims. Both debt and equity depend on the value of the firm. If the value of the firm is greater than the amount owed to debt holders, they will get what the firm owes them, while stockholders will get the difference. But if the value of the firm is less than equity, bondholders will get the value of the firm and equity holders nothing.1.3 · Define a proprietorship, a partnership anda corporation.A proprietorship is a business owned by a single individual with unlimited liability. A partnership is a business owned by two or more individuals with unlimited liability. A corporation is a business which is a "legal person" with many limited liability owners.· What are the advantages of the corporate form of business organization?Limited liability, east of ownership transfer and perpetual succession.1.4 · What are the two types of agency costs? Monitoring costs of the shareholders and the incentive fees paid to the managers.· How are managers bonded to shareholders? a. Shareholders determine the membership to the board of directors, which selects management.b. Management contracts and incentives are build into compensation arrangements.c. If a firm is taken over because the firm's price dropped, managers could lose their jobs.d. Competition in the managerial labor market makes managers perform in the best interest of stockholders.· Can you recall some managerial goals?Maximization of corporate wealth, growth and company size.· What is the set-of-contracts perspective? The view of the corporation as a set of contracting relationships among individuals who have conflicting objectives.1.5 · Distinguish between money markets and capital markets.Money markets are markets for debt securities that pay off in less than one year, while capital markets are markets for long-term debt and equity shares.· What is listing?Listing refers to the procedures by which a company applies and qualifies so that its stock can be traded on the New York Stock Exchange.· What is the difference between a primary market and a secondary market?The primary market is the market where issuers of securities sell them for the first time to investors, while a secondary market is a market for securities previously issued.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 22.1 · What is the balance-sheet equation? Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' equity· What three things should be kept in mind when looking at a balance sheet?Accounting liquidity, debt vs. equity, and value vs. cost.2.2 · What is the income statement equation? Revenue - expenses = Income· What are the three things to keep in mind when looking at an income statement?Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), noncash items, and time and costs.· What are noncash e xpenses?Noncash expenses are items included as expenses but which do not directly affect cash flow. The most important one is depreciation.2.3 · What is net working capital?It is the difference between current assets and current liabilities.· What is the change in net working capital? To determine changes in net working capital you subtract uses of net working capital from sources of net working capital.2.4 · How is cash flow different from changes in net working capital?The difference between cash flow and changes in new working capital is that some transactions affect cash flow and not net working capital. Theacquisition of inventories with cash is a good example of a change in working capital requirements.· What is the difference between opera ting cash flow and total cash flow of the firm?The main difference between the two is capital spending and additions to working capital, that is, investment in fixed assets and "investment" in working capital.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 33.1 · What i s an interest rate?It is the payment required by the lender of money for the use of it during a determined period of time. It is expressed in percentage.· What are institutions that match borrowers and lenders called?They are called financial institutions.· What do we mean when we say a market clears? What is an equilibrium rate of interest?A market clears if the amount of money borrowers want to borrow is equal to the amount lenders wish to lend. An equilibrium rate of interest is the interest rate at which markets clear.3.2 · How does an individual change his consumption across periods throughborrowing and lending.By borrowing and lending different amounts the person can achieve any of all consumption possibilities available.· How do interest r ate changes affect one's degree of impatience?A person's level of patience depends upon the interest rate he or she faces in the market. A person eager to borrow money at a low interest rate will become less eager if that interest rate is raised and may prefer to lend money to take advantage of higher interest rates.3.3 · What is the most important feature of a competitive financial market?No investor, individual or corporation can have a significant effect on total lending or on interest rates. Therefore, investors are price takers.· What conditions are likely to lead to this?a. Trading is costless.b. Information about borrowing and lending opportunities is availablec. There are many traders.3.4 · Describe the basic financial principle of investment decision-making?An investment project is worth undertaking only if it is mores desirable than what is available in the financial markets.3.5 · Describe how the financial markets can be used to evaluate investmentalternatives?The financial markets can be used as a benchmark. If the proposed investment provides a better alternative than the financial markets, it should be undertaken.· What is the separation theorem? Why is it important?The separation theorem says that the decision as to whether to undertake a project (compared to the financial markets) is independent of the consumption preferences of the individual. It is important because we can make investment decisions based on objective data, disregarding personal preferences.3.6 · Give the definitions of net present value, future value and present value?New present value is the difference in present value terms between cash inflows and cash outflows. Given the financial market, the future value is an amount equivalent to the amountcurrently held, and present value is the amount equivalent to an amount to be received or given in the future.· What information does a person need to compute an investment's net presentvalue?Cash inflows, cash outflows and an interest or discount rate.3.7 · In terms of the net-present-value rule, what is the essential differencebetween the individual and the corporation. The main difference is that firms have no consumption endowment.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 44.1 · Define future value and present value. Future value is the value of a sum after investing over one or more periods. Present value is thevalue today of cash flows to be received in the future.· How does one use net present value when making an investment decision?One determines the present value of future cash flows and then subtracts the cost of the investment. If this value is positive, the investment should be undertaken. If the NPV is negative, then the investment should be rejected.4.2 · What is the difference between simple interest and compound interest?With simple interest, the interest on the original investment is not reinvested. With compound interest, each interest payment is reinvested and one earns interest on interest.· What is the formula for the net present value of a project?TNPV = -C0 + å Ct /(1+I)tt=14.3 · What is a stated annual interest rate? The stated annual interest rate is the annual interest rate without consideration of compounding.· What is an effective annual interest rate? An effective annual interest rate is a rate that takes compounding into account.· What is the relationship between the stated annual interest rate and the effective annual interest rate?Effective annual interest rate = (1 + (r/m) )m - 1.· Define continuous compoundin g.Continuous compounding compounds investments every instant.4.4 · What are the formulas for perpetuity, growing-perpetuity, annuity, andgrowing annuity?Perpetuity: PV = C/rGrowing Perpetuity: PV = C/(r-g)Annuity: PV = (C/r) [1-1/(1+r)T]Growing Annuity: PV = [C/(r-g)] [1-((1+g) / (1+r))T ]· What are three important points concerning the growing perpetuity formula?1. The numerator.2. The interest rate and the growth rate.3. The timing assumption.· What are four tricks concerning annuities?1. A delayed annuity.2. An annuity in advance3. An infrequent annuity4. The equating of present values of two annuities.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 55.2 · Define pure discount bonds, level-coupon bonds, and consols.A pure discount bond is one that makes no intervening interest payments. One receives a single lump sum payment at maturity. A level-coupon bond is a combination of an annuity and a lump sum at maturity. A consol is a bond that makes interest payments forever.· Contrast the state interest rate and the effective annual interest rate for bonds pang semi-annual interest.Effective annual interest rate on a bond takes into account two periods of compounding per year received on the coupon payments. The state rate does not take this into account.5.3 · What is the relationship between interest rates and bond prices?There is an inverse relationship. When one goes up, the other goes down.· How does one calculate the eld to maturity on a bond?One finds the discount rate that equates the promised future cash flows with the price of the bond.5.8 · What are the three factors determining a firm's P/E ratio?1. Today's expectations of future growth opportunities.2. The discount rte.3. The accounting method.5.9 · What is the closing price of Gen eral Data? The closing price of General Data is 6 3/16.· What is the PE of General House?The PE of General House is 29.· What is the annual dividend of General Host? The annual dividend of General Host is zero.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - Appendix to Chapter 5· What is the difference between a spot interest rate and the eld to maturity?The eld to maturity is the geometric average of the spot rates during the life of the bond.· Define the forward rate.Given a one-year bond and a two-year bond, one knows the spot rates for both. The forward rate is the rate of return implicit on a one-year bond purchased in the second year that would equate the terminal wealth of purchasing the one-year bond today and another in one year with that of the two-year bond.·What is the relationship between the one-year spot rate, the two-year spot rate and the forward rate over the second year?The forward rate f2 = [(1+r2)2 /(1+r1 )] - 1· What is the expectation hypothesis?Investors set interest rates such that the forward rate over a given period equals the spot rate for that period.What is the liquidity-preference hypothesis? This hypothesis maintains that investors require a risk premium for holding longer-term bonds (i.e. they prefer to be liquid or short-term investors). This implies that the market sets the forward rate for a given period above the expected spot rate for that period.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 66.2 · List the problems of the payback period rule.1. It does not take into account the time value of money.2. It ignores payments after the payback period.3. The cutoff period is arbitrary.· What are some advantages?1. It is simple to implement.2. It may help in controlling and evaluating managers.6.4 · What are the three steps in calculating AAR?1. Determine average net income.2. Determine average investment3. Divide average net income by average investment.· What are some flaws with the AAR approach?1. It uses accounting figures.2. It takes no account of timing.3. The cutoff period is arbitrary.6.5 · How does one calculate the IRR of a project? Using either trial-and-error or a financial calculator, one finds the discount rate that produces an NPV of zero.6.6 · What is the difference between independentprojects and mutually exclusiveprojects?An independent project is one whose acceptance does not affect the acceptance of another. A mutually exclusive project, on the other hand is one whose acceptance precludes the acceptance of another.· What are two problems with the IRR approach that apply to both independent and mutually exclusive projects?1. The decision rule depends on whether one is investing of financing.2. Multiple rates of return are possible.· What are two additional problems applng only to mutually exclusive projects?1. The IRR approach ignores issues of scale.2. The IRR approach does not accommodate the timing of the cash flows properly.6.7 · How does one calculate a project'sprofitability index?Divide the present value of the cash flows subsequent to the initial investment by the initial investment.· How is the profitability index applied to independent projects, mutually exclusive projects, and situations of capital rationing?1. With independent projects, accept the project if the PI is greater than 1.0 and reject if less than 1.0.2. With mutually exclusive projects, use incremental analysis, subtracting the cash flows of project 2 from project 1. Find the PI. If the PI is greater than 1.0, accept project 1. If less than 1.0, accept project 2.3. In capital rationing, the firm should simply rank the projects according to their respective PIs and accept the projects with the highest PIs, subject to the budget constrain.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 77.1 · What are the three difficulties in determining incremental cash flows?1. Sunk costs.2. Opportunity costs3. Side effects.· Define sunk costs, opportunity costs, and side effects.1. Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and that will not be affected by the decision whether to undertake the investment.2. Opportunity costs are costs incurred by the firm because, if it decides to undertake a project, it will forego other opportunities for using the assets.3. Side effects appear when a project negatively affects cash flows from other parts of the firm.7.2 · What are the items leading to cash flow in any year?Cash flow from operations (revenue-operating costs-taxes) plus cash flow of investment (costof new machines + changes in net working capital + opportunity costs).· Why did we determi ne income when NPV Analysis discounts cash flows, not income?Because we need to determine how much is paid out in taxes.· Why is working capital viewed as a cash outflow?Because increases in working capital must be funded by cash generated elsewhere in the firm.7.3 · What is the difference between the nominal and the real interest rate?The nominal interest rate is the real interest rate with a premium for inflation.· What is the difference between nominal and real cash flows?Real cash flows are nominal cash flows adjusted for inflation.7.4 · What is the equivalent annual cost method of capital budgeting?The decision as to which of various mutually exclusive machines to buy is based on the equivalent annual cost. The EAC is determined by dividing the net present value of costs by an annuity factor that has the same life as the machines. The machine with the lowest EAC should be acquired.· Can you list the assumptions that we must to use EAC?1. All machines do the same job.2. They have different operating costs and lives3. The machine will be indefinitely replaced. CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 88.1 · What are the ways a firm can create positive NPV.1. Be first to introduce a new product.2. Further develop a core competency to product goods or services at lower costs than competitors.3. Create a barrier that makes it difficult for the other firms to compete effectively.4. Introduce variation on existing products to take advantage of unsatisfied demand5. Create product differentiation by aggressive advertising and marketing networks.6. Use innovation in organizational processes to do all of the above.· How can managers use the market to help them screen out negative NPV projects?8.2 · What is a decision tree?It is a method to help capital budgeting decision-makers evaluating projects involving sequential decisions. At every point in the tree, there are different alternatives that should be analyzed.· What are potential problems in using a decision tree?Potential problems 1) that a different discount rate should be used for different branches in the tree and 2) it is difficult for decision trees to capture managerial options.8.3 · What is a sensitivity analysis?It is a technique used to determine how the result of a decision changes when some of the parameters or assumptions change.· Why is it important to perform a sensitivity analysis?Because it provides an analysis of the consequences of possible prediction or assumption errors.· What is a break-even analysis?It is a technique used to determine the volume of production necessary to break even, that is, to cover not only variable costs but fixed costs aswell.· Describe how sensitivity analysis interacts with break-even analysis.Sensitivity analysis can determine how the financial break-even point changes when some factors (such as fixed costs, variable costs, or revenue) change.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 99.1 · What are the two parts of total return? Dividend income and capital gain (or loss)· Why are unrealized capi tal gains or losses included in the calculation of returns? Because it is as much a part of returns as dividends, even if the investor decides to hold onto the stock and not to realize the capital gain.· What is the difference between a dollar returnand a percentage return?A dollar return is the amount of money the original investment provided, while percentage return is the percentage of the original investment represented by the total return.9.2 · What is the largest one-period return in the 63-year history of commonstocks we have displayed, and when did it occur? What is the smallest return, and when did it occur?Largest common stock return: 53.99% in 1933. Smallest common stock return: -43.34% in 1931.· In how many years did the common stock r eturn exceed 30 percent, and inhow many years was it below 20 percent?It exceeded 30% in 16 years. It was below 20% in 39 years.· For common stocks, what is the longest period of time without a single losingyear? What is the longest streak of losing years? There are 6 consecutive years of positive returns. The longest losing streak was 4 years.· What is the longest period of time such that if you have invested at thebeginning of the period, you would still not have had a positive return on your common-stock investment by the end?The longest period of time was 14 years (from 1929 to 1942).9.4 · What is the major observation about capital markets that we will seek toexplain?That the return on risky assets has been higher on average than the return on risk-free assets.· What does the observation tell us about investors for the period from 1926through 1994.An investor in this period was rewarded forinvestment in the stock market with an extra or excess return over what would have achieved by simply investing in T-bills.9.5 · What is the definition of sample estimates of variance and standarddeviation?Variance is given by Var (R) = (1 / (T-1) ) St (Rt - R)2 where T is the number of periods, Rt is the period return and R is the sample mean. Standard deviation is given by SD = Var 1/2. For large T, (T-1) may be approximated by T.· How does the normal distribution help us interpret standard deviation?For a normal distribution, the probability of having a return that is above or below the men by a certain amount only depends on the standard deviation.9.6 · How can financial managers use the history of capital markets to estimatethe required rate of return on nonfinancial investments with the same risk as the average common stock?They can determine the historical risk premium and add this amount to the current risk-free rate to determine the required return on investments of that risk.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 1111.1· What are the two basic parts of a return?1. The expected part2. The surprise part· Under what conditions will some news have no effect on common stock prices?If there is no surprise in the news, there will not be any effect on prices. That is, the news was fully expected.11.2· Describe the difference between systematic risk and unsystematic risk.A systematic risk is any risk that affects a largenumber of assets, each to a greater or lesser degree. An unsystematic risk is a risk that specifically affects a single asset or a small group of assets.· Why is unsystematic risk sometimes referred to as idiosyncratic risk?Because information such as the announcement of a labor strike, may affect only some companies.11.3 · What is an inflation beta? A GNP beta? An interest-rate beta?An inflation beta is a measure of the sensitivity of a stock's return to changes in the expected inflation rate. A GNP beta measures the sensitivity of a stock's return to changes in the expected GNP. An interest rate beta reflects the sensitivity of a stock's return to changes in the market interest rate.· What is the difference between a k-factor model and the market model?The main difference is that the market model assumes that only one factor, usually a stock market aggregate, is enough to explain stock returns, while a k-factor model relies on k factors to explain returns.· Define the beta coefficient.The beta coefficient is a measure of the sensitivity of stock's return to unexpected changes in one factor.11.4· How can the return on a portfolio be expressed in terms of a factor model?It is the weighted average of expected returns plus the weighted average of each security's beta times a factor F plus the weighted average of the unsystematic risks of the individual securities.· What risk is diversified away in a large portfolio?The unsystematic risk.11.5· What is the relationship between the one-factor model and CAPM?Assuming the market portfolio is properly scaled, it can be shown that the one-factor model is identical to the CAPM.11.7 · Empirical models are sometimes called factor models. What is the difference between a factor as we have used it previously in this chapter and an attribute as we use it in this section?A factor is generally a market wide or industry wide factor proxng the systematic risk. An attribute is related with the returns of the stocks.· What is data mining and why might it overstate the relation between some stock attribute and returns?Choosing parameters because they have been shown to be related to returns is data mining. The relation found between some attribute and returnscan be accidental, thus overstated.· What is wrong with measuring the performance of a U.S. growth stock manager against a benchmark composed of English stocks?Using a benchmark composed of English stocks is wrong because the stocks included are not of the same style as those in a U.S. growth stock fund.CONCEPT QUESTIONS - CHAPTER 1212.1· What is the disadvantage of using too few observations when estimating beta?Small samples can lead to inaccurate estimations.· Wha t is the disadvantage of using too many observations when estimating beta?Firms may change their industries over time making observations from the distant past out-of-date.· What is the disadvantage of using the industry beta as the estimate of the beta of an individual firm?The operations of a particular firm may not be similar to the industry average.12.2· What are the determinants of equity betas?1. The responsiveness of a firm's revenues to economy wide movements.2. The degree of a firm's operating leverage.3. The degree of a firm's financial leverage.· What is the difference between an asset beta and an equity beta?Financial leverage.12.6h What is liquidity?Liquidity in this context means the cost of bung and selling stocks. Thosestocks that are expensive to trade are considered less liquid.。

国际公司金融习题答案--第十八章

国际公司金融课后习题答案--第十八章第十八章课后习题参考答案1. 谈谈税收在经济中的作用。

税收在市场经济中主要起资源配置作用，通过税收政策和税收制度，在不同部门之间对各种资源进行配置，并在这一过程中影响个人和公司的经济活动。

首先，税收的变动会直接或间接地影响商品价格，从而影响商品的供求状况。

其次，税收影响经济结构，不同的税收政策对不同产品、不同行业、不同地区、不同企业组织形式都会产生影响。

通过影响商品价格以及经济结构，税收政策使各种资源在不同部门、不同地区间流动，而这些流动带来的影响意味着国际公司将不得不就此做出相应的经营决策。

这表明税收在经济中的作用最终会通过不同的渠道影响国际公司的经营。

2. 国际税收体系中的税收中性是指什么？对于税收中性，当前流行的国际税收理论中大体有两种观点：一是资本输出中性，二是资本输入中性。

所谓资本输出中性，就是税收不应影响投资者在国内、国外投资地点的选择，也不应影响投资者在各不同国家之间的选择，从而能使资本在世界范围内得到有效配置。

资本输入中性则认为，不同国籍的纳税人在同一国家从事投资活动，应享受相同的税收待遇。

3. 重复征税对于国际公司经营有什么弊端？从法律角度看，国际重复征税导致从事跨国投资和其他各种经济活动的纳税人相对于从事国内投资和其他各种经济活动的纳税人承受更为沉重的税收负担，从而违背了税收中立和税负公平的税法原则。

从经济角度看，国际重复征税造成税负不公致使跨国纳税人处于不利的竞争地位，势必挫伤其从事跨国经济活动的积极性，从而阻碍国际间资金、技术和人员的正常流动和交往。

4. 出现国际重复征税的原因是什么？应如何解决？国际重复征税的出现，最根本的原因是税收管辖权出了问题。

甲国根据自己的税法，认为对一项收入应由自己征税；乙国则认为应由乙国征税，于是纳税管辖权出现了重合，两国都向同一项收入征收所得税，国际重复征税就出现了。

各国为了避免重复征税，会通过一定方式对国际公司已缴国外所得税进行抵免，从而消除或减轻这种不利影响。

朱叶公司金融第二版【课后习题答案】

以上三点第一点是专业课考高分的必要条件。第二点和第三点若做到其中之一，则专业课分数必上 110（运气好点可以上 120），若三点全部做到专业课分数至少 120（稍不留神就上 130）。
【复旦大学 431 金融学考研专业课重难点】
复旦大学 431 金融学专业课一共四门课程，即《投资学》，《货币银行学》，《国际金融学》以及《公司金融学》。这四门课的重要程度排序为：《国际金融学》，《投资学》，《公司金融》，《货
3
朱叶——《公司金融》——课后习题详解
点进行系统梳理，总结归纳就显得非常重要。
三、注重实际运用
我个人认为，对金融学把握不太好的表现之一就是不会实际运用。例如，中国的广义货币（M2）当前存量大概为 80 万亿，有同学会去根据中国的高能货币以及货币乘数算出来这个货币存量吗？例如，同学们都学过国际金本位体系，布雷顿森林体系，牙买加体系的知识。那么可否根据这些知识说明当前国际收支体系的问题、汇率调节机制的问题或者未来国际收支体系的发展方向？实际上，这些问题并不难以回答，仍然跳不出我们在书本上学到的知识，只是很多同学从来没尝试过用书本上的知识来解释现实。因此，学会实际运用，不仅可以使得同学们对知识理解得更加深刻，更重要的是，它会使得同学们养成自己的经济学金融学思维，而这正是复旦大学经济学院研究生所必须具备的素质！
（3）企业的投资决策问题。由于投资企业是创造和利用投资机会的最佳工具，从而成为经济发展的根本驱动力。但在公司金融理论的研究中，一般都遵循费雪的分离原理，即公
7
朱叶——《公司金融》——课后习题详解
司的投资与融资决策是相分离的，莫迪格利安尼与米勒（1958）的开创性论文对此做了较为严格的证明。然而，现实中的企业即使面临无限的投资机会，并不可能获得全部足够的资金支持。因此，由于各种原因，企业可能面临着投资不足或者投资过度的两难处境。为了保证企业能够有效把握投资机会，并能从可供选择的投资机会中筛选出最能实现其市场价值最大化的投资项目，需要运用相应的金融技术与程序。随着金融理论与技术的发展，资本预算的方法与程序，也处于不断的发展过程之中。

公司金融课后习题

公司具备哪些特征？大企业为何大多选择公司制？公司是以资本联合为基础，以营利为目的，依照法律规定的条件和法律规定的程序设立，具有法人资格的企业组织。

公司的基本特征在于是：1. 公司是资本的联合而形成的经济组织。

2.公司具有法人资格。

3.公司股东承担有限责任。

4.公司是以营利为目的的。

5．公司实行所有权与经营权分离。

6．公司依照法律设立和运行，是规范化程序较高的企业组织形式。

7．公司是永续存在的企业组织形式。

大企业选择公司制的原因：1、有利于形成一个产权明晰，权责明确，管理科学的现代公司制度，从而推动企业规模化、规范化、专业化的建设与发展。

2、可以实现所有权和经营权分离，实现企业发展决策的科学化、民主化，能避免由于组织的庞大，一个人知识、能力不足而导致决策的失误3、公司讲究的是团队精神，形成的是整体合力，发挥的是“拳头”优势。

只有部门齐全、分工细致的规模化的公司才能提供系统的服务，满足客户“一站式”、“一条龙”服务的需要。

4、可以使管理职业化、专业化，提高了管理的层次与水平，有利于树立服务品牌，使企业高效率运转和扩张。

同时，这种机制不仅有利于调节内部责权利关系，而且能够组织协调企业的整体行动，参与市场竞争。

5、公司制有利于形成投资主体多元化，有利于资本的积累，可以吸纳国家、组织和个人出资，任何所有制性质的主体均能够成为企业的出资者或股东。

6、公司制企业的产权结构决定了股东不能够直接对企业的运行施加影响，从而可以较大幅度地降低服务成本7、公司制企业的责任有限化成为降低企业经营风险的最佳手段。

公司制企业由于采取有限责任和股权可转让的形式，因而除破产等极少数特殊原因外，一般不会发生因股东更迭而导致企业解体的情况，这就使得企业能够步入可持续发展之路。

公司的基本金融活动营业净现金流量投资净现金流量融资净现金流量资本流入活动资本流出活动如何理解公司价值最大化作为公司金融目标的合理性?企业价值不等于账面资产的总价值，它取决于企业潜在或预期获利能力。

《公司理财》(第8版)第9-18章课后习题答案

《公司理财》（第8版）第9-18章课后习题答案第九章1. 因为公司的表现具有不可预见性。

2. 投资者很容易看到最坏的投资结果，但是确很难预测到。

3. 不是，股票具有更高的风险，一些投资者属于风险规避者，他们认为这点额外的报酬率还不至于吸引他们付出更高风险的代价。

4. 股票市场与赌博是不同的，它实际是个零和市场，所有人都可能赢。

而且投机者带给市场更高的流动性，有利于市场效率。

5. 在80年代初是最高的，因为伴随着高通胀和费雪效应。

6. 有可能，当投资风险资产报酬非常低，而无风险资产报酬非常高，或者同时出现这两种现象时就会发生这样的情况。

7. 相同，假设两公司2年前股票价格都为P0，则两年后G公司股票价格为1.1*0.9* P0，而S公司股票价格为0.9*1.1 P0，所以两个公司两年后的股价是一样的。

8. 不相同，Lake Minerals 2年后股票价格= 100(1.10)(1.10) = $121.00 而Small Tow n Furniture 2年后股票价格= 100(1.25)(.95) = $118.759. 算数平均收益率仅仅是对所有收益率简单加总平均，它没有考虑到所有收益率组合的效果，而几何平均收益率考虑到了收益率组合的效果，所以后者比较重要。

10. 不管是否考虑通货膨胀因素，其风险溢价没有变化，因为风险溢价是风险资产收益率与无风险资产收益率的差额，若这两者都考虑到通货膨胀的因素，其差额仍然是相互抵消的。

而在考虑税收后收益率就会降低，因为税后收益会降低。

11. R = [(91 –83) + 1.40] / 83 = 11.33%12. 股利收益率= 1.40/83=1.69% 资本利得收益率= (91–83)/83= 9.64%13. R = [(76–83) +1.40] /83=–6.75% 股利收益率= 1.40/83=1.69% 资本利得收益率=(76–83)/83=–8.43%14. （1）总收益= $1,074 –1,120 + 90= $44（2）R = [($1,074 –1,120) + 90] / $1,120=3.93%（3）运用费雪方程式：(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)r = (1.0393 / 1.030) –1= 0.90%15. （1）名义收益率=12.40%（2）运用费雪方程式：(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)r =9.02%16. 运用费雪方程式：(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)r G = 2.62%r C = 3.01%17. X,Y的平均收益率为：X,Y的方差为：将数据带入公式分别可以得到所以X,Y的标准差各为：18. （1）根据表格数据可求得：大公司算数平均收益率=19.41%/6=3.24%国库券算数平均收益率=39.31%/6=6.55%（2）将数据带入公式，可得到大公司股票组合标准差=0.2411，国库券标准差=0.0124（3）平均风险溢价= -19.90%/6= -3.32% 其标准差为0.249219. （1）算术平均收益率= (2.16 +0.21 + 0.04 +0 .16 +0 .19)/5=55.2%（2）将数据带入公式，可得其方差=0.081237，所以标准差=0.901320. （1）运用费雪方程式：(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)r = (1.5520/ 1.042) –1= 48.94%（2）21. （1）运用费雪方程式：(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)r = (1.051/ 1.042) –1= 0.86%（2）22. 持有期收益率=[(1 – .0491)(1 +0.2167)(1 +0.2257)(1 +0.0619)(1 +0.3185)] –1 =98.55%23. 20年期零息债券的现值美元所以，收益率R = (163.51–152.37)/152.37=7.31%24. 收益率R = (80.27–84.12 +5.00)/84.12=1.37%25. 三个月的收益率R =(42.02–38.65)/38.65=8.72%，所以，年度平均收益率APR=4（8.72%）=34.88%年度实际年利率EAR=(1+0.0872)4–1=39.71%26. 运用费雪方程式：(1 + R) = (1 + r)(1 + h)则平均实际收益率= (0.0447+0.0554+0.0527+0.0387+0.0926+0.1155+0.1243)/ 7=7.48%27. 根据前面的表格9-2可知，长期公司债券的平均收益率为6.2%，标准差为8.6%，所以，其收益率为68%的可能会落在平均收益率加上或者减去1个标准差的范围内：，同理可得收益率为95%的可能范围为：28. 同理27题大公司股票收益率为68%的可能范围为：，收益率为95%的可能范围为：29．运用Blume公式可得：30. 估计一年的收益率最好运用算数平均收益率，即为12.4%运用Blume公式可得：31 0.55 =0.08–0.13–0.07+0.29+RR=38%32. 算数平均收益率=（0.21+0.14+0.23-0.08+0.09-0.14）/6=7.5%几何平均收益率：=33. 根据题意可以先求出各年的收益率：R1 =(49.07–43.12+0.55)/43.12=15.07%R2 =(51.19–49.07+0.60)/49.07=5.54%R3 =(47.24–51.19+0.63)/51.19=–6.49%R4 =(56.09–47.24+0.72)/47.24=20.26%R5 =(67.21–56.09+0.81)/56.09=21.27%算数平均收益率R A =(0.1507 +0.0554–0.0649+0.2026+0.2127)/5=11.13%几何平均收益率：R G=[(1+0.1507)(1+0.0554)(1–0.0649)(1+0.2026)(1+0.2127)]1/5–1=10. 62%34. （1）根据表9-1数据可以计算出国库券在此期间平均收益率=0.619/8=7.75%，平均通胀率=0.7438/8=9.30%（2）将数据带入公式，可得其方差=0.000971 标准差=0.0312（3）平均实际收益率= -0.1122/8= -1.4%（4）有人认为国库券没有风险，是指政府违约的几率非常小，因此很少有违约风险。

米什金货币金融学英文版习题答案chapter18英文习题

米什金货币金融学英文版习题答案chapter18英文习题Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 11e, Global Edition (Mishkin) Chapter 18 The Foreign Exchange Market18.1 Foreign Exchange Market1) The exchange rate isA) the price of one currency relative to gold.B) the value of a currency relative to inflation.C) the change in the value of money over time.D) the price of one currency relative to another.Answer: DAACSB: Reflective Thinking2) Exchange rates are determined inA) the money market.B) the foreign exchange market.C) the stock market.D) the capital market.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking3) Although foreign exchange market trades are said to involve the buying and selling of currencies, most trades involve the buying and selling ofA) bank deposits denominated in different currencies.B) SDRs.C) gold.D) ECUs.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking4) The immediate (two-day) exchange of one currency foranother is aA) forward transaction.B) spot transaction.C) money transaction.D) exchange transaction.Answer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking5) An agreement to exchange dollar bank deposits for euro bank deposits in one month is aA) spot transaction.B) future transaction.C) forward transaction.D) deposit transaction.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking6) Today 1 euro can be purchased for $1.10. This is theA) spot exchange rate.B) forward exchange rate.C) fixed exchange rate.D) financial exchange rate.Answer: AAACSB: Reflective Thinking7) In an agreement to exchange dollars for euros in three months at a price of $0.90 per euro, the price is theA) spot exchange rate.B) money exchange rate.C) forward exchange rate.D) fixed exchange rate.Answer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking8) When the value of the British pound changes from $1.25 to $1.50, the pound has ________ and the U.S. dollar has ________.A) appreciated; appreciatedB) depreciated; appreciatedC) appreciated; depreciatedD) depreciated; depreciatedAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking9) When the value of the British pound changes from $1.50 to $1.25, then the pound has________ and the U.S. dollar has ________.A) appreciated; appreciatedB) depreciated; appreciatedC) appreciated; depreciatedD) depreciated; depreciatedAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking10) When the value of the dollar changes from ￡0.5 to ￡0.75, then the British pound has________ and the U.S. dollar has ________.A) appreciated; appreciatedB) depreciated; appreciatedC) appreciated; depreciatedD) depreciated; depreciatedAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking11) When the value of the dollar changes from ￡0.75 to ￡0.5, then the British pound has________ and the U.S. dollar has ________.A) appreciated; appreciatedB) depreciated; appreciatedC) appreciated; depreciatedD) depreciated; depreciatedAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking12) When the exchange rate for the Mexican peso changes from 9 pesos to the U.S. dollar to 10 pesos to the U.S. dollar, then the Mexican peso has ________ and the U.S. dollar has ________.A) appreciated; appreciatedB) depreciated; appreciatedC) appreciated; depreciatedD) depreciated; depreciatedAnswer: BAACSB: Reflective Thinking13) When the exchange rate for the Mexican peso changes from 10 pesos to the U.S dollar to 9 pesos to the U.S. dollar, then the Mexican peso has ________ and the U.S. dollar has ________.A) appreciated; appreciatedB) depreciated; appreciatedC) appreciated; depreciatedD) depreciated; depreciatedAnswer: CAACSB: Reflective Thinking14) On January 25, 2009, one U.S. dollar traded on the foreign exchange market for about 0.75 euros. Therefore, one euro would have purchased about ________ U.S. dollars.A) 0.75B) 1.00C) 1.33D) 1.75Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking15) On January 25, 2009, one U.S. dollar traded on the foreign exchange market for about 49.0 Indian rupees. Thus, one Indian rupee would have purchased about ________ U.S. dollars.A) 0.02B) 1.20C) 7.00D) 49.0Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking16) On January 25, 2009, one U.S. dollar traded on the foreign exchange market for about 1.15 Swiss francs. Therefore, one Swiss franc would have purchased about ________ U.S. dollars.A) 0.30B) 0.87C) 1.15D) 3.10Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking17) On January 25, 2009, one U.S. dollar traded on the foreign exchange market for about 3.33 Romanian new lei. Therefore, one Romanian new lei would have purchased about ________ U.S. dollars.A) 0.30B) 1.86C) 2.86D) 3.33Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking18) If the U.S. dollar appreciates from 1.25 Swiss franc per U.S. dollar to 1.5 francs per dollar, then the franc depreciates from ________ U.S. dollars per franc to ________ U.S. dollars per franc.A) 0.80; 0.67B) 0.67; 0.80C) 0.50; 0.33D) 0.33; 0.50Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking19) If the British pound appreciates from $0.50 per pound to $0.75 per pound, the U.S. dollar depreciates from ________ per dollar to ________ per dollar.A) ￡2; ￡2.5B) ￡2; ￡1.33C) ￡2; ￡1.5D) ￡2; ￡1.25Answer: BAACSB: Analytical Thinking20) If the Japanese yen appreciates from $0.01 per yen to $0.02 per yen, the U.S. dollar depreciates from ________ per dollar to ________ per dollar.A) 100￥; 50￥B) 10￥; 5￥C) 5￥; 10￥D) 50￥; 100￥Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking21) If the dollar appreciates from 1.5 Brazilian reals per dollar to 2.0 reals per dollar, the real depreciates from ________ per real to ________ per real.A) $0.67; $0.50B) $0.33; $0.50C) $0.75; $0.50D) $0.50; $0.67E) $0.50; $0.75Answer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking22) When the exchange rate for the British pound changes from $1.80 per pound to $1.60 per pound, then, holding everything else constant, the pound has ________ and ________ expensive.A) appreciated; British cars sold in the United States become moreB) appreciated; British cars sold in the United States become lessC) depreciated; American wheat sold in Britain becomes moreD) depreciated; American wheat sold in Britain becomes lessAnswer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking23) If the dollar depreciates relative to the Swiss francA) Swiss chocolate will become cheaper in the United States.B) American computers will become more expensive in Switzerland.C) Swiss chocolate will become more expensive in the United States.D) Swiss computers will become cheaper in the United States.Answer: CAACSB: Analytical Thinking24) Everything else held constant, when a country's currencyappreciates, the country's goods abroad become ________ expensive and foreign goods in that country become ________ expensive.A) more; lessB) more; moreC) less; lessD) less; moreAnswer: AAACSB: Analytical Thinking25) Everything else held constant, when a country's currency depreciates, its goods abroad become ________ expensive while foreign goods in that country become ________ expensive.A) more; lessB) more; moreC) less; lessD) less; moreAnswer: DAACSB: Analytical Thinking。

公司金融第八版中文课后习题答案

第一章 1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。

股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。

企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。

管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。

在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。

2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。

非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。

3.这句话是不正确的。

管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值，当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。

4.有两种结论。

一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。

因此所有目标都有一个最优水平，包括避免不道德或非法的行为，股票价值最大化。

另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。

一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。

然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。

请问公司应该怎么做呢?” 5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。

6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。

如果管理层认为能提高公司利润，使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。

如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。

然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。

现在的管理层经常在公司面临这些恶意收购的情况时迷失自己的方向。

7.其他国家的代理问题并不严重,主要取决于其他国家的私人投资者占比重较小。

较少的私人投资者能减少不同的企业目标。

高比重的机构所有权导致高学历的股东和管理层讨论决策风险项目。

此外,机构投资者比私人投资者可以根据自己的资源和经验更好地对管理层实施有效的监督机制。

公司金融第四版参考答案

公司金融第四版参考答案公司金融是一门研究企业财务管理和金融决策的学科，它涉及到公司的资金筹集、投资决策、资本结构和分红政策等方面。

对于学习者来说，参考答案是一个重要的学习工具，可以帮助他们更好地理解和应用所学的知识。

本文将为大家提供公司金融第四版的参考答案，帮助读者更好地掌握这门学科。

第一章：公司金融概述在公司金融的概述部分，主要介绍了公司金融的定义、目标和作用。

参考答案中提到，公司金融是指企业通过资金的筹集和运用，以实现企业目标并最大化股东财富的一门学科。

它对企业的经营决策和财务管理起着重要的指导作用。

第二章：公司金融环境在公司金融环境的部分，参考答案中涉及到了宏观经济环境、市场环境和法律环境对公司金融决策的影响。

它强调了宏观经济环境对企业经营和金融决策的重要性，以及市场环境和法律环境对企业的影响。

第三章：企业投资决策在企业投资决策的部分，参考答案中详细介绍了投资决策的基本原理和方法。

它强调了企业在进行投资决策时需要考虑的因素，如现金流量、风险和回报等，以及投资评价指标的应用。

第四章：资本预算在资本预算的部分，参考答案中提到了资本预算的概念和方法。

它介绍了资本预算的基本步骤，包括项目评估、项目选择和项目实施等，以及资本预算的风险分析和灵敏度分析。

第五章：资本结构与成本在资本结构与成本的部分，参考答案中涉及到了企业的资本结构和成本的决策。

它介绍了资本结构的理论和影响因素，以及资本成本的计算和决策。

第六章：分红政策在分红政策的部分，参考答案中提到了企业的分红政策和决策。

它介绍了不同的分红政策和方法，如现金分红和股票分红，以及分红决策的影响因素。

第七章：公司估值在公司估值的部分，参考答案中详细介绍了公司估值的方法和应用。

它强调了不同的估值方法，如贴现现金流量模型和市场多元回归模型，以及估值的实际应用。

第八章：公司并购与重组在公司并购与重组的部分，参考答案中涉及到了企业的并购与重组决策。

它介绍了并购与重组的类型和目的，以及并购与重组的过程和影响。

公司金融(财务管理)智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下外交学院

公司金融（财务管理）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下外交学院外交学院绪论单元测试1. What are not the most common type of firm in the United States and theworld?答案:partnerships ;corporations;limited partnerships第一章测试1.Stock markets provide liquidity for a firm's shares.答案:对2.Raising new capital by issuing bonds is an example of a commercial bankingactivity.答案:错3.Financial decisions require that you weigh alternatives in strictly monetaryterms.答案:错4.Corporations have come to dominate the business world through their abilityto raise large amounts of capital by sale of ownership shares to anonymous outside investors.答案:对5.Which of the following best describes why the Valuation Principle is a keyconcept in making financial decisions?答案:It shows how to make the costs and benefits of a decision comparable so that we can weigh them properly.6.Which of the following is typically the major factor in limiting the growth ofsole proprietorships?答案:The amount of money that can be raised by such firms is limited by the fact that the single owner must make good on all debts.7. A company that produces racing motorbikes has several models that sellwell within the motorcycle racing community and which are very profitable for the company. Despite having a profitable product, why must thiscompany take care to ensure that it has sufficient cash on hand to meet its obligations?答案:New models will require a lot of money to develop and bring to market before they generate any revenue.8. A factory owner wants his workers to produce as many widgets as they canso he pays his workers based on how many widgets they produce. However, in order to make sure that the workers do not rush and produce a largenumber of poorly made widgets, he checks the widgets at random duringvarious stages of their manufacture. If a defect is found in a widget, the pay of the entire section of the factory responsible for that defect is docked. How is this factory owner seeking to solve the agency conflict problem in this case?答案:by supplying incentives so the agents act in the way principal desires 9.What is the bid-ask spread?答案:the difference in price available for an immediate sale of a stock and the immediate purchase of the stock10.In the United States, publicly traded companies can choose whether or notthey wish to release periodic financial statements.答案:错第二章测试1.The Law of One Price states that if equivalent goods or securities are tradedsimultaneously in different competitive markets, they will trade for the same price in each market.答案:对2.In general, if an action increases a firm's value by providing benefits with avalue greater than any costs involved, then that action is good for the firm'sinvestors.答案:对3.To enable costs and benefits to be compared, they are typically convertedinto cash value at the time the benefit is received.答案:错4.Whenever a good trades in a competitive market, the price determines thevalue of the good.答案:对5.An elderly relative offers to sell you their used 1958 Cadillac Eldorado for$52,000. You note that very similar cars are selling on the open market for $87,000. You don't care for classic cars and would rather buy a new FordExplorer for $35,000. What is the net value of buying the Cadillac?答案:$35,000, since this is the difference between purchase and resale price of the Cadillac.6.The price of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil (ANS) is $71.75/bbl, and the priceof West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil (WTI) is $73.06/bbl.As an oil refiner, you are able to produce $76 worth of unleaded gasoline from one barrel of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil. Because of its lower sulfur content, you can produce $77 worth of unleaded gasoline from one barrel of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude. Another oil refiner is offering to trade you 10,150 bbl of Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil for 10,000 bbl of West TexasIntermediate (WTI) crude oil. Assuming you currently have 10,000 bbl ofWTI crude, what should you do?答案:Sell 10,000 bbl WTI crude on the market and use the proceeds topurchase and refine ANS crude.7. A wholesale food retailer is offered $15.60 per two-layer carton for 5000cartons of peaches. The wholesaler can buy peaches from their growers at$13.20 per carton. Shipping costs $2.40 per carton, for the first 1000 cartons, and $1.90 per carton for every carton over that. Will taking this opportunity increase the value of the wholesale food retailer?答案:Yes, the costs are $2000 less than the benefits.8.Which of the following best explains why market prices are useful to afinancial manager when performing a cost-benefit analysis?答案:They can be used to convert different services and commodities intoequivalent cash values which can be compared.9.Walgreens Company (NYSE: WAG) is currently trading at $48.75 on the NYSE.Walgreens Company is also listed on NASDAQ and assume it is currentlytrading on NASDAQ at $48.50. Does an arbitrage opportunity exist and, if so, how would you exploit it and how much would you make on a block trade of 100 shares?答案:Yes, buy on NASDAQ and sell on NYSE, make $25.10.The present value (PV) of a stream of cash flows is just the sum of the presentvalues of each individual cash flow.答案:对第三章测试1.Preference for cash today versus cash in the future in part determines netpresent value (NPV).答案:错2. Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value (PV) ofthe benefits and the present value (PV) of the costs of a project or investment.答案:对3.The Net Present Value rule implies that we should compare a project's netpresent value (NPV) to zero.答案:对4.When different investment rules give conflicting answers, then decisionsshould be based on the Net Present Value rule, as it is the most reliable and accurate decision rule.答案:对5.The present value (PV) of an investment is ________.答案:The present value (PV) of an investment is ________.6.Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the payback rule?答案:It is difficult to calculate.7. A manufacturer of video games develops a new game over two years. Thiscosts $830,000 per year with one payment made immediately and the other at the end of two years. When the game is released, it is expected to make$1.20 million per year for three years after that. What is the net present value (NPV) of this decision if the cost of capital is 10%?答案:$950,3498. A mining company plans to mine a beach for rutile. To do so will cost $14million up front and then produce cash flows of $7 million per year for five years. At the end of the sixth year the company will incur shut-down andclean-up costs of $6 million. If the cost of capital is 13.0%, then what is the MIRR for this project?答案:20%9. A farmer sows a certain crop. It costs $240,000 to buy the seed, prepare theground, and sow the crop. In one year's time it will cost $93,200 to harvest the crop. If the crop will be worth $350,000, and the interest rate is 7%, what is the net present value (NPV) of this investment?答案:$010.Firms should use the most accelerated depreciation scheme allowable.答案:对第四章测试1.Rational investors may be willing to choose an investment that has additionalrisk but does not offer additional reward.答案:错2.On average, stocks have delivered higher returns than bonds in the long run.答案:对3.We should use the arithmetic average return when we are trying to estimatean investment's expected return over a future horizon based on its pastperformance.答案:对4.Independent risks can be diversified by holding a large number ofuncorrelated assets with independent risks.答案:对5.Rational investors ________ fluctuations in the value of their investments.答案:are averse to6.Independent risk is more closely related to _______答案:unsystematic risk stock prices gave a realized return of 15%, 15%, -15%, and -15%over four successive quarters. What is the annual realized return for for the year?答案:-4.45%8.Ford Motor Company had realized returns of 20%, 30%, 30%, and 20% overfour quarters. What is the quarterly standard deviation of returns for Fordcalculated from this sample?答案:5.77%9.The probability mass between two standard deviations around the mean fora normal distribution is ________.答案:95%10.The market or equity risk premium can be estimated by computing thehistorical average excess return on the market portfolio.答案:对第五章测试1.The main advantages for a firm in going public are greater liquidity andbetter access to capital.答案:对2.Equity investors in a private company usually plan to realize a return ontheir investment by selling their stock when that company is acquired byanother firm or sold to the public in a public offering.答案:对3.Because the capital investment from angel investors is often large relative tothe amount of capital already in place at the firm, they typically receive asizable equity share in the business in return for their funds.答案:对4.The announcement of an SEO usually raises a stock's price.答案:错5.Which of the following best describes a limited partnership that specializesin raising money to invest in the private equity of young firms?答案:venture capital firms6.You founded your own firm three years ago. You initially contributed$200,000 of your own money and in return you received 3 million shares of stock. Since then, you have sold an additional 2 million shares of stock toangel investors. You are now considering raising capital from a venturecapital firm. This venture capital firm would invest $5 million and wouldreceive 4 million newly issued shares in return. Suppose you sold the 2million shares to the angel investor for $500,000. What was your percentage ownership in the company immediately following the angel investor'sinvestment?答案:60.0%7.Which of the following is an activity typically taken by an underwriter duringan IPO of a company?答案:all of the above8.Which of the following statements is FALSE?答案:The SEC requires that companies prepare a registration statement, a legal document that provides financial and other information about the company to investors, prior to an IPO. Company managers work closely with the underwriters to prepare this registration statement andsubmit it to the SEC.9.The chief advantage of debt financing over financing through raising equitycapital is that the former does not dilute the current owner's share of thebusiness.答案:对10. A bond that makes payments in a certain currency contains the risk ofholding that currency and so is priced according to the yields of similarbonds in that currency.答案:对第六章测试1.Financial managers prefer to choose the same debt level no matter whichindustry they operate in.答案:对2.Even if two firms operate in the same industry, they may prefer differentchoices of debt-equity ratios.答案:对3. A project's net present value (NPV) represents the value to the new investorsof a firm created by the project.答案:错4.The presence of financial distress costs can explain why firms choose debtlevels that are too low to exploit the interest tax shield.答案:对5.The relative proportions of debt, equity, and other securities that a firm hasoutstanding constitute its ________.答案:capital structure6.By adding leverage, the returns on a firm are split between debt holders andequity holders, but equity holder risk increases because ________.答案:interest payments have first priority7. A firm has a market value of equity of $30,000. It borrows $7500 at 8%. If theunlevered cost of equity is 15%, what is the firm's cost of equity capital?答案:16.75%8.Which of the following statements is FALSE?答案:The choice of capital structure does not change the value of a firm if the cost of equity is higher than the cost of debt.9.Assume that MM's perfect capital markets conditions are met and that youcan borrow and lend at the same 5% rate as Firm X. You have $5,000 of your own money to invest and you plan on buying Firm X stock. Using homemade (un)leverage you invest enough at the risk-free rate so that the payoff of your account will be the same as a $5,000 investment in Firm Y stock. The number of shares of Firm X stock you purchased is closest to ________.答案:41710.In a perfect capital market, when a dividend is paid, the share price drops bythe amount of the dividend when the stock begins to trade ex-dividend.答案:对。

公司金融课后习题罗斯

第一章Corporate finance（公司财务）是金融学的分支学科，用于考察公司如何有效地利用各种融资渠道，获得最低成本的资金来源，并形成合适的资本结构（capital structure）；还包括企业投资、利润分配、运营资金管理及财务分析等方面。

它会涉及到现代公司制度中的一些诸如委托-代理结构的金融安排等深层次的问题。

为什么说公司理财研究的就是如下三个问题：(1) 公司应该投资于什么样的长期资产？涉及资产负债表的左边。

我们使用“资本预算(capital budgeting)”和“资本性支出”这些专业术语描述这些长期固定资产的投资和管理过程。

(2) 公司如何筹集资本性支出所需的资金呢？涉及资产负债表的右边。

回答这一问题又涉及到资本结构(Capital structure)，它表示公司短期及长期负债与股东权益的比例。

(3) 公司应该如何管理它在经营中的现金流量？涉及资产负债表的上方。

首先，经营中的现金流入量和现金流出量在时间上不对等。

此外，经营中现金流量的数额和时间都具有不确定性，难于确切掌握。

财务经理必须致力于管理现金流量的缺口。

从资产负债表的角度看，现金流量的短期管理与净营运资本(net working capital)有关。

净营运资本定义为短期资本与短期负债之差。

从财务管理的角度看，短期现金流量问题是由于现金流量和现金流量之间不对等所引起的，属于短期理财问题。

资本结构公司可以事先发行比股权多的债权，筹集所需的资金；可以考虑改变二者的比例，买回它的一些债权。

融资决策在原先投资决策前就可以独立设定。

这些发行债权和股权的决策影响到公司的资本结构。

资金主管负责处理现金流量、投资预算和制定财务计划。

财务主管负责会计工作职能，包括税收、成本核算、财务会计和信息系统。

现金流量的时点公司投资的价值取决于现金流量的时点。

一个最重要的假设是任何人都偏好早一点收到现金流量。

今天收到的一美元比明天收到的一美元更有价值。

公司金融学(第3版)全套课后习题详解_杨丽荣

目　录第1章　公司金融基本范畴1.2　课后习题详解第2章　公司金融的基本理念2.2　课后习题详解第3章　公司金融基本理论3.2　课后习题详解第4章　公司金融决策基础4.2　课后习题详解第5章　资本预算决策分析5.2　课后习题详解第6章　筹资决策分析6.2　课后习题详解第7章　股利分配决策7.2　课后习题详解第8章　公司金融战略与公司价值8.2　课后习题详解第9章　公司兼并与收购9.2　课后习题详解第10章　公司金融国际化10.2　课后习题详解1.2　课后习题详解1．有限责任公司和股份有限公司的区别是什么？股份有限公司这种公司组织形式的主要优点是什么？答：（1）有限责任公司和股份有限公司的区别①股东的数量不同。

有限责任公司的股东1～50人；而股份有限公司的股东则没有数量的限制，有的大公司达几十万人，甚至上百万人，但至少2人。

与有限责任公司不同，必须设立股东大会，股东大会是公司的最高权力机构。

②注册的资本不同。

有限责任公司要求的最低资本额较少；公司依据生产经营性质与范围不同，其注册资本数额标准也不尽相同。

③股本的划分方式不同。

有限责任公司的股份不必划为等额股份，其资本按股东各自所认缴的出资额划分；股份有限公司的股票必须是等额的，其股本的划分，数额较小，每一股金额相等。

④发起人筹集资金的方式不同。

有限责任公司只能由发起人集资，不能向社会公开募集资金，其股票不可以公开发行，更不可能上市交易；股份有限公司可以通过发起或募集设立向社会筹集资金，其股票可以公开发行并上市交易。

⑤股权转让的条件限制不同。

有限责任公司的股东可以依法自由转让其全部或部分股本；股东依法向公司以外人员转让股本时，必须有过半数股东同意方可实行；在转让股本的同等条件下，公司其他股东享有优先权。

股份有限公司的股东所拥有股票可以交易和转让，但不能退股。

⑥公司组织机构的权限不同。

有限责任公司股东人数少，组织机构比较简单，可只设立董事会而不设股东会或不设监事会，因此，董事会往往由股东个人兼任，机动性权限较大。

公司金融(四川大学)智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下四川大学

公司金融（四川大学）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下四川大学四川大学第一章测试1.下列哪一项不是主计长办公室主要负责的事项？答案:财务计划2.在公司治理中，公司股东和经理人之间的冲突主要表现在哪个方面？答案:两者的目标不一致3.最早出现的公司形式是哪一个？答案:无限责任公司4.在下列各项中，最能反映上市公司价值最大化目标实现程度的是哪一个指标？答案:每股市价5.作为公司金融的财务管理目标，既能够考虑资金的时间价值和风险投资，又能避免企业的短期行为的是？答案:公司价值最大化6.下面哪一项指标的增长速度决定了公司外部筹资的额度及方式？答案:销售收入7.股东和管理层之间的关系被称为委托关系。

答案:错8.如果企业不希望发行新股且其利润率、股利政策、融资政策和总资产周转率都固定，那么只有唯一一个可能的增长率。

答案:对9.股东财富最大化目标与利润最大化目标相比，其优点之一是考虑了取得收益的时间因素和风险因素。

答案:对10.Corporate Finance是对资本经营的管理，核心问题是如何使资本在循环中得到量的增值。

答案:对第二章测试1.下列指标中，属于公司获利能力指标的是？答案:资产报酬率2.衡量企业某一期间经营业绩的报表被称为？答案:利润表3.某企业期末现金为160万元，期末流动负债为240万元，期末流动资产为320万元，则该企业现金比率为多少？答案:66.67%4.如果销售收入为1150万美元，，平均存货为250万美元，销货成本为820万美元，平均应收账款为180万美元，则存货周转率为多少？答案:3.285.杜邦恒等式告诉我们ROE不受哪个因素影响？答案:固定资产6.下列不属于流动性指标的是哪一项？答案:现金覆盖率7.在杜邦财务分析体系中，综合性最强的财务比率是？答案:权益报酬率8.资产负债表中的费用根据配比原则确认。

答案:对9.资产总额与销售收入之比越高，说明企业的资本越密集。

答案:对10.每股股利是上市公司发行在外的普通股所取得的利润，它可以反映公司的获利能力的大小。

公司理财习题库chap018

CHAPTER 18Dividends and Dividend PolicyI. DEFINITIONSDIVIDENDSa 1. Payments made out of a firm’s earnings to its owners in the form ofcash or stock are called:a. dividends.b. distributions.c. share repurchases.d. payments-in-kind.e. stock splits.DISTRIBUTIONSb 2. Payments made by a firm to its owners from sources other than currentor accumulated earnings are called:a. dividends.b. distributions.c. share repurchases.d. payments-in-kind.e. stock splits.REGULAR CASH DIVIDENDSc 3. A cash payment made by a firm to its owners in the normal course ofbusiness is called a:a. share repurchase.b. liquidating dividend.c. regular cash dividend.d. special dividend.e. extra cash dividend.SPECIAL DIVIDENDSd 4. A cash payment made by a firm to its owners as a result of a one-timeevent is called a:a. share repurchase.b. liquidating dividend.c. regular cash dividend.d. special dividend.e. extra cash dividend.LIQUIDATING DIVIDENDSa 5. A cash payment made by a firm to its owners when some of the firm’sassets are sold off is called a:a. liquidating dividend.b. regular cash dividend.c. special dividend.d. extra cash dividend.e. share repurchase.DECLARATION DATEe 6. The date on which the board of directors passes a resolutionauthorizing payment of a dividend to the shareholders is the _____date.a. ex-rightsb. ex-dividendc. recordd. paymente. declarationEX-DIVIDEND DATEb 7. The date before which a new purchaser of stock is entitled to receivea declared dividend, but on or after which she does not receive thedividend, is called the _____ date.a. ex-rightsb. ex-dividendc. recordd. paymente. declarationDATE OF RECORDc 8. The date by which a stockholder must be registered on the firm’s rollas having share ownership in order to receive a declared dividend iscalled the:a. ex-rights date.b. ex-dividend date.c. date of record.d. date of payment.e. declaration date.DATE OF PAYMENTd 9. The date on which the firm mails out its declared dividends is calledthe:a. ex-rights date.b. ex-dividend date.c. date of record.d. date of payment.e. declaration date.HOMEMADE DIVIDENDSe 10. The ability of shareholders to undo the dividend policy of the firmand create an alternative dividend payment policy via reinvestingdividends or selling shares of stock is called (a):a. perfect foresight model.b. M&M Proposition I.c. capital structure irrelevancy.d. homemade leverage.e. homemade dividend policy.INFORMATION CONTENT EFFECTa 11. The market’s reaction to the announcement of a change in the firm’sdividend payout is the:a. information content effect.b. clientele effect.c. efficient markets hypothesis.d. M&M Proposition I.e. M&M Proposition II.CLIENTELE EFFECTb 12. The observed empirical fact that stocks attract particular investorsbased on the firm’s dividend policy and the resulting tax impact oninvestors is called the:a. information content effect.b. clientele effect.c. efficient markets hypothesis.d. M&M Proposition I.e. M&M Proposition II.RESIDUAL DIVIDEND APPROACHc 13. A policy under which the firm pays dividends only after its capitalinvestment needs are met while maintaining a constant debt/equityratio is called a:a. homemade dividend.b. clientele effect.c. residual dividend approach.d. bird-in-the-hand approach.e. constant dividend growth model.TARGET PAYOUT RATIOd 14. The fraction of earnings a firm expects to pay out as dividends overthe long-run is its:a. internal rate of return.b. required return on investment.c. target ROA.d. target payout ratio.e. target capital structure.SHARE REPURCHASEe 15. A _____ is an alternative method to stock dividends which is used topay out a firm’s earnings to shareholders.a. mergerb. tender offerc. payment-in-kindd. stock splite. share repurchaseSTOCK DIVIDENDSa 16. A payment made by a firm to its owners in the form of new shares ofstock is called a _____ dividend.a. stockb. normalc. speciald. extrae. liquidatingSTOCK SPLITSb 17. An increase in a firm’s number of shares outstanding without anychange in owners’ equity is called a:a. special dividend.b. stock split.c. share repurchase.d. tender offer.e. liquidating dividend.TRADING RANGEc 18. The difference between the highest and lowest prices at which a stockhas traded is called its:a. average price.b. bid-ask spread.c. trading range.d. opening price.e. closing price.REVERSE SPLITSd 19. In a reverse stock split:a. the number of shares outstanding increases and owners’ equitydecreases.b. the firm buys back existing shares of stock on the open market.c. the firm sells new shares of stock on the open market.d. the number of shares outstanding decreases but owners’ eq uity isunchanged.e. shareholders make a cash payment to the firm.II. CONCEPTSCASH DIVIDENDSb 20. Which one of the following statements concerning cash dividends is correcta. The chief financial officer of a corporation determines whether or not a dividend willbe paid.b. A dividend is not a liability of a firm until it has been declared.c. If a firm has paid regular quarterly dividends in the past it is legally obligated tocontinue doing so.d. Cash dividends always reduce the paid-in capital account balance.e. The dividend yield expresses the dividend amount as a percentage of the net income.DIVIDEND PAYMENTSb 21. The ex-dividend date is _____ business days before the date of record.a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4e. 5DIVIDEND PAYMENTSc 22. The last date on which you can purchase shares of stock and still receive the dividendis the date _____ business days prior to the date of record.a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4e. 5DIVIDEND PAYMENTSb 23. Leslie purchased 100 shares of GT, Inc. stock on Wednesday, July 7th.Marti purchased 100 shares of GT, Inc. stock on Thursday, July 8th. GTdeclared a dividend on June 20th to shareholders of record on July 12thand payable on August 1st. Which one of the following statementsconcerning the dividend paid on August 1st is correct given thisinformationa. Neither Leslie not Marti are entitled to the dividend.b. Leslie is entitled to the dividend but Marti is not.c. Marti is entitled to the dividend but Leslie is not.d. Both Marti and Leslie are entitled to the dividend.e. Both Marti and Leslie are entitled to one-half of the dividend amount. DIVIDEND PAYMENTSb 24. All else equal, the market value of a stock will tend to decrease by roughly the amountof the dividend on the:a. dividend declaration date.b. ex-dividend date.c. date of record.d. date of payment.e. day after the date of payment.DIVIDEND POLICYd 25. Automatic dividend reinvestment plans:I. require that stockholders reinvest all of the dividends to which they are entitled.II. sometimes grant stockholders the privilege of purchasing additional shares at adiscounted price.III. h elp stockholders create their own homemade dividend policies.IV. help make corporate dividend policies irrelevant to individual stockholders.a. II onlyb. III onlyc. II and II onlyd. II, III, and IV onlye. I, II, III, and IVFACTORS FOR LOW DIVIDENDSa 26. Which one of the following is an argument in favor of a low dividend policya. the tax on capital gains is deferred until the gain is realizedb. few, if any, positive net present value projects are available to the firmc. a preponderance of stockholders have minimal taxable incomed. a majority of stockholders have other investment opportunities that offer higherrewards with similar risk characteristicse. corporate tax rates exceed personal tax ratesFACTORS FOR LOW DIVIDENDSe 27. The fact that flotation costs can be significant is justification for:a. a firm to issue larger dividends than their closest competitors.b. a firm to maintain a constant dividend policy even if they frequently have to issue newshares of stock to do so.c. maintaining a constant dividend policy even when profits decline significantly.d. maintaining a high dividend policy.e. maintaining a low dividend policy and rarely issuing extra dividends.FACTORS FOR LOW DIVIDENDSe 28. Which of the following tend to keep dividends lowI. state laws restricting dividends in excess of retained earningsII. terms contained in bond indenture agreementsIII. t he desire to maintain constant dividends over timeIV. flotation costsa. II and III onlyb. I and IV onlyc. II, III, and IV onlyd. I, II, and III onlye. I, II, III, and IVFACTORS FOR HIGH DIVIDENDSd 29. Ignoring capital gains as an alternative, the tax law changes in 2003 tend to favor a:a. lower dividend policy.b. constant dividend policy.c. zero-dividend policy.d. higher dividend policy.e. restrictive dividend policy.FACTORS FOR HIGH DIVIDENDSe 30. Which of the following are factors that favor a high dividend policyI. stockholders desire for current incomeII. tendency for higher stock prices for high dividend paying firmsIII. i nvestor dislike of uncertaintyIV. high percentage of tax-exempt institutional stockholdersa. I and III onlyb. II and IV onlyc. I, III, and IV onlyd. II, III, and IV onlye. I, II, III, and IVFACTORS FOR HIGH DIVIDENDSb 31. An investor is more likely to prefer a high dividend payout if a firm:a. has high flotation costs.b. has few, if any, positive net present value projects.c. has lower tax rates than the investor.d. has a stock price that is increasing rapidly.e. offers high capital gains which are taxed at a favorable rate.INFORMATION CONTENTc 32. The information content of a dividend increase generally signals that:a. the firm has a one-time surplus of cash.b. the firm has few, if any, net present value projects to pursue.c. management believes that the future earnings of the firm will be strong.d. the firm has more cash than it needs due to sales declines.e. future dividends will be lower.CLIENTELE EFFECTc 33. The dividend market is in equilibrium when:a. all firms adopt a low dividend policy.b. half of the firms adopt a low dividend policy and half adopt a high dividend policy.c. all clienteles are satisfied.d. dividends remain constant and no special dividends are declared.e. the amount of the regular dividend is equal to the amount of the special dividend.RESIDUAL DIVIDEND POLICYc 34. A firm which adopts a residual dividend policy:a. prefers to offer new securities for sale on a routine basis.b. prefers constant dividends to a constant debt-equity ratio.c. places a higher priority on funding its investment needs than on paying dividends.d. will pay regular cash dividends that are constant in amount.e. tends to also have a high dividend policy.RESIDUAL DIVIDEND POLICYd 35. A strict residual dividend policy:a. tends to produce higher dividend payout ratios for high-growth firms versus low-growth firms.b. tends to produce steady, predictable dividend payments.c. is best suited to cyclical firms who prefer steady dividends.d. adds considerable uncertainty to the payment of future dividends.e. guarantees that a minimal amount will be paid as a dividend on a quarterly basis.COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICYd 36. A compromise dividend policy advocates:a. rejecting positive net present value projects in order to maintain constant dividends.b. varying the debt-equity ratio so that the firm can sell equity to fund increases in thedividends.c. selling equity to maintain a high dividend policy.d. trying to avoid cutting back on either positive net present value projects or dividends.e. strict adherence to short-run debt-equity ratios at the expense of constant dividends.COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICYa 37. A compromise dividend policy can be viewed as a:a. set of long-term goals.b. strict set of short-term policies.c. set of rules that require increasing dividends in the short-run.d. set of inflexible rules that mandate a constant debt-equity ratio in both the short andthe long-term.e. guideline for the reduction of dividends over the long-term.COMPROMISE DIVIDEND POLICYa 38. Which one of the following is considered to be the primary goal of a compromisedividend policya. the avoidance of cutting back on positive net present value projectsb. maintaining a constant debt-equity ratioc. the avoidance of reducing the dividend amountd. maintaining a target dividend payout ratioe. avoiding the need to sell new equityDIVIDEND SURVEY RESULTSb 39. Of the following factors, which one is considered to be the primary factor affecting afirm’s dividend decisiona. personal taxes of company stockholdersb. consistent dividend policyc. attracting retail investorsd. attracting institutional investorse. sustainable changes in earningsDIVIDEND SURVEY RESULTSa 40. Financial managers:a. are reluctant to cut dividends.b. tend to ignore past dividend policies.c. tend to prefer cutting dividends every time quarterly earnings decline.d. prefer cutting dividends over incurring flotation costs.e. place little emphasis on dividend policy consistency.STOCK REPURCHASEc 41. If you ignore taxes and transaction costs, a stock repurchase will:I. reduce the total assets of a firm.II. increase the earnings per share.III. r educe the PE ratio more than an equivalent stock dividend.IV. reduce the total equity of a firm.a. I and III onlyb. II and IV onlyc. I, II, and IV onlyd. I, III, and IV onlye. I, II, III, and IVb 42. From a tax-paying investor’s point of view, a stock repurchase:a. is equivalent to a cash dividend.b. is more desirable than a cash dividend.c. has the same tax effects as a cash dividend.d. is more highly taxed than a cash dividend.e. creates a tax liability even if the investor does not sell any of the shares they own.STOCK DIVIDENDSb 43. All else equal, a stock dividend will _____ the number of shares outstanding and_____ the value per share.a. increase; increaseb. increase; decreasec. not change; increased. decrease; increasee. decrease; decreaseSTOCK DIVIDENDSc 44. A small stock dividend is defined as a stock dividend of less than _____ percent.a. 10 to 15b. 15 to 20c. 20 to 25d. 25 to 30e. 30 to 35e 45. Which one of the following is a result of a small stock dividenda. retained earnings increaseb. total owner’s equity decreas esc. cash decreasesd. capital in excess of par decreasese. common stock increasesSTOCK DIVIDENDSc 46. Which of the following account changes occur as a result of a large stock dividendI. common stock increasesII. cash decreasesIII. c apital in excess of par increasesIV. retained earnings decreasesa. I and III onlyb. II and IV onlyc. I and IV onlyd. II and III onlye. I, III, and IV onlyd 47. Nu Tech, Inc. is a technology firm with good growth prospects. Thefirm wishes to do something to acknowledge the loyalty of theirshareholders but needs all of their available cash to fund their rapidgrowth. The market price of their stock is currently trading in themiddle of their preferred trading range. The firm could consider:a. issuing a liquidating dividend.b. a stock split.c. a reverse stock split.d. issuing a stock dividend.e. a special stock dividend.STOCK DIVIDENDSd 48. Which of the following are valid reasons for a firm to reduce or eliminate its cashdividendsI. The firm is on the verge of violating a bond restriction which requires a current ratio ofor higher.II. A firm has just received a patent on a new product for which there is strong marketdemand and they need the funds to bring the product to the marketplace.III. T he firm can raise new capital easily at a very low cost.IV. The tax laws have recently changed such that dividends are taxed at an investor’smarginal rate while capital gains are tax exempt.a. I and III onlyb. II and IV onlyc. II, III, and IV onlyd. I, II, and IV onlye. I, II, III, and IVSTOCK SPLITSc 49. A stock split:a. increases the total value of the common stock account.b. decreases the value of the retained earnings account.c. does not affect the total value of any of the equity accounts.d. increases the value of the capital in excess of par account.e. decreases the total owners’ equity on the balance sheet.STOCK SPLITSa 50. Stock splits are often used to:a. adjust the market price of a stock such that it falls within a preferred trading range.b. decrease the excess cash held by a firm.c. increase both the number of shares outstanding and the market price per share simultaneously.d. increase the total equity of a firm.e. adjust the debt-equity ratio such that it falls within a preferred range.STOCK SPLITSd 51. Which of the following tend to increase the appeal of a firm’s stock to the averageinvestorI. a cessation of dividends by a firm which has a long history of increasing dividendsII. the distribution of a special dividend by a dividend-paying firmIII. a reverse stock split for a low-priced stockIV. the declaration of a stock dividend by a growth firma. I and III onlyb. II and IV onlyc. I, II, and IV onlyd. II, III, and IV onlye. I, II, III, and IVSTOCK SPLITd 52. Wydex, Inc. stock is currently trading at $82 a share. The firm feelsthat their primary clientele can afford to spend between $2,000 and$2,500 to purchase a round lot of 100 shares. The firm should considera:a. reverse stock split.b. liquidating dividend.c. stock dividend.d. stock split.e. special dividend.REVERSE STOCK SPLITSd 53. A one-for-four reverse stock split will:a. increase the par value by 25 percent.b. increase the number of shares outstanding by 400 percent.c. increase the market value but not affect the par value per share.d. increase a $1 par value to $4.e. increase a $1 par value by $4.REVERSE STOCK SPLITSd 54. A reverse stock split is sometimes used as a means of:a. decreasing the liquidity of a stock.b. decreasing the market value per share of stock.c. increasing the number of stockholders.d. keeping a firm’s stock eligible for trading on a stock exchange.e. raising cash from current stockholders.III. PROBLEMSSTOCK DIVIDENDe 55. The Rent It Company declared a dividend of $.60 a share on October 20th to holders ofrecord on Monday, November 1st. The dividend is payable on December 1st. Youpurchased 100 shares of Rent It Company stock on Wednesday, October 27th. Howmuch dividend income will you receive on December 1st from the Rent It Companya. $0b. $c. $d. $e. $STOCK DIVIDENDc 56. You purchased 200 shares of ABC stock on July 15th. On July 20th, you purchasedanother 100 shares and then on July 21st you purchased your final 200 shares of ABCstock. The company declared a dividend of $ a share on July 5th to holders ofrecord on Friday, July 23rd. The dividend is payable on July 31st. How much dividendincome will you receive on July 31st from ABCa. $0b. $220c. $330d. $440e. $550STOCK DIVIDENDd 57. On May 18th, you purchased 1,000 shares of BuyLo stock. On June 5th, you sold 200shares of this stock for $21 a share. You sold an additional 400 shares on July 8th at aprice of $ a share. The company declared a $.50 per share dividend on June 25thto holders of record as of Thursday, July 10th. This dividend is payable on July 31st.How much dividend income will you receive on July 31st as a result of your ownershipof BuyLo stocka. $100b. $200c. $300d. $400e. $500STOCK DIVIDENDa 58. The KatyDid Co. is paying a $ per share dividend today. There are120,000 shares outstanding with a par value of $ per share. As aresult of this dividend, the:a. retained earnings will decrease by $150,000.b. retained earnings will decrease by $120,000.c. common stock account will decrease by $150,000.d. common stock account will decrease by $120,000.e. capital in excess of par value account will decrease by $120,000.HOMEMADE DIVIDENDSb 59. You own 300 shares of Abco, Inc. stock. The company has stated that it plans onissuing a dividend of $.60 a share at the end of this year and then issuing a final liquidating dividend of $ a share at the end of next year. Your required rate ofreturn is 9 percent. Ignoring taxes, what is the value of one share of this stock todaya. $b. $c. $d. $e. $HOMEMADE DIVIDENDSd 60. Priscilla owns 500 shares of Delta stock. The company recently issueda statement that it will pay a $ per share dividend this year and a$.50 per share dividend next year. Priscilla does not want anydividend this year but does want as much dividend income as possiblenext year. Her required return on this stock is 12 percent. Ignoringtaxes, what will Priscilla’s homemade dividend per share be next yeara. $0b. $.50c. $d. $e. $RESIDUAL DIVIDENDSc 61. Merlo, Inc. maintains a debt-equity ratio of .40 and follows a residual dividend policy.The company has after-tax earnings of $1,600 for the year and needs $1,400 for newinvestments. What is the total amount Merlo will pay out in dividends this yeara. $0b. $200c. $600d. $640e. $1,040RESIDUAL DIVIDENDSc 62. HiLo Enterprises maintains a debt-equity ratio of .75 and follows aresidual dividend policy. The firm needs $2,000 for new investmentsnext year. The after-tax earnings this year are $1,800. What is theamount that HiLo will pay out in dividends for this yeara. $0b. $c. $d. $1,e. $1,RESIDUAL DIVIDENDSc 63. Margo, Inc. has planned investments of $1,750 for next year and anafter-tax net income of $1,974 this year. The company has a residualdividend policy and maintains a .60 debt-equity ratio. How much newdebt is required to fund the investments for next yeara. $0b. $c. $d. $e. $1,STOCK REPURCHASEd 64. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firmhas excess cash of $600 and other assets of $5,400. Equity is worth$6,000. The firm has 500 shares of stock outstanding and net income of$900. What will the new earnings per share be if the firm uses itsexcess cash to complete a stock repurchasea. $b. $c. $d. $e. $STOCK REPURCHASEc 65. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firmhas excess cash of $800 and other assets of $5,200. Equity is worth$6,000. The firm has 600 shares of stock outstanding and net income of$700. The firm has decided to spend all of its excess cash on a sharerepurchase program. How many shares of stock will be outstanding afterthe stock repurchase is completeda. 480 sharesb. 500 sharesc. 520 sharesd. 540 sharese. 560 sharesSTOCK REPURCHASEc 66. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firmhas excess cash of $500 and other assets of $7,500. Equity is worth$8,000. The firm has 250 shares of stock outstanding and net income of$1,120. The firm is going to use all of its excess cash to repurchaseshares of stock. What will the stock price per share be after thestock repurchase is completeda. $28b. $30c. $32d. $34e. $36CASH DIVIDENDb 67. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firmhas excess cash of $500 and other assets of $9,500. Equity is worth$10,000. The firm has 250 shares of stock outstanding and net incomeof $1,400. What will the stock price per share be if the firm pays outits excess cash as a cash dividenda. $36b. $38c. $40d. $42e. $44CASH DIVIDENDe 68. A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firmhas excess cash of $400 and other assets of $7,600. Equity is worth$8,000. The firm has 200 shares of stock outstanding and net income of$900. The firm has decided to pay out all of its excess cash as a cashdividend. What will the earnings per share be after the dividend ispaida. $.25b. $.45c. $d. $e. $SMALL STOCK DIVIDENDd 69. Murphy’s, Inc. has 10,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $ pershare. The market value is $8 per share. The balance sheet shows $32,500 in thecapital in excess of par account, $10,000 in the common stock account, and $42,700 inthe retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 10 percent (small) stockdividend. What will the balance in the capital in excess of par account be after thedividenda. $32,500b. $36,000c. $38,500d. $39,500e. $40,500SMALL STOCK DIVIDENDa 70. Murphy’s, Inc. has 10,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $ pershare. The market value is $8 per share. The balance sheet shows $32,500 in thecapital in excess of par account, $10,000 in the common stock account, and $42,700 inthe retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 10 percent (small) stockdividend. What will the balance in the retained earnings account be after the dividenda. $34,700b. $35,700c. $42,700d. $49,700e. $50,700SMALL STOCK DIVIDENDb 71. Murphy’s, Inc. has 10,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $ pershare. The market value is $8 per share. The balance sheet shows $32,500 in thecapital in excess of par account, $10,000 in the common stock account and $42,700 in the retained earnings account. The firm just announced a 10 percent (small) stockdividend. What will the market price per share be after the dividenda. $b. $c. $d. $e. $LARGE STOCK DIVIDENDa 72. Bruno’s has 7,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of$ per share and a market value of $12 per share. The balance sheetshows $7,000 in the common stock account, $58,000 in the capital inexcess of par account and $32,500 in the retained earnings account.The firm just announced a 50 percent (large) stock dividend. What isthe value of the capital in excess of par account after the dividenda. $58,000b. $61,500c. $87,000d. $96,500e. $100,000LARGE STOCK DIVIDENDa 73. Bruno’s has 7,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of$ per share and a market value of $12 per share. The balance sheetshows $7,000 in the common stock account, $58,000 in the capital inexcess of par account and $32,500 in the retained earnings account.The firm just announced a 50 percent (large) stock dividend. What isthe value of the retained earnings account after the dividenda. $29,000b. $30,500c. $32,500d. $34,500e. $36,000LARGE STOCK DIVIDENDd 74. Bruno’s has 7,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of$ per share and a market value of $12 per share. The balance sheetshows $7,000 in the common stock account, $58,000 in the capital inexcess of par account and $32,500 in the retained earnings account.The firm just announced a 50 percent (large) stock dividend. What isthe value of the common stock account after the dividenda. $7,000b. $8,500c. $9,000d. $10,500e. $14,000。

《公司金融》习题答案

公司金融习题集答案总论部分参考答案：一、单选：1.B2.C3.C4.B5.C 6．D 7.D8.D 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.C二、多选：1.ABCD2.ABCD3. ABC4.BC5.BC6. BCD7. BCD8.ABE（或ABCDF）9.AD 10.BCDE 11.ABCD 12.ACD 13.ACD 14.ABC 15.BCD三、判断：1. ×2. ×3. √4. √5. √6. √7. ×8. ×四、简答题略资金的时间价值原理部分参考答案：一、单选：1-5BAADB 6-10BABAC 11-14DBCC二、多选：1.ABCD2.ACD3.ABCD4.BCD5.ABC6.ACD7.BCD三、判断:1.√2.×3. ×4.√5.√6. √7.×8.√9. √四、计算题1题答案：使每年多获得10000元收益的现值等于60000元时甲乙两个方案是等价的即 60000＝10000×（P/A，12%，n）（P/A，12%，n）＝6 n≈11.24（年）结论：如果方案能够持续11.24年以上，该公司应当选择甲方案；如果方案的持续年限短于11.24年，则公司应当选择乙方案；如果方案恰好能够持续11.24年，则选择任何一个方案都是可以的。

2题答案 P甲=10(万元)P乙=3+4×0.909+4×0.826=9.94(万元) 因此乙方案较好3题答案 F=P(F/P 10% 3)=1000×1.331=1331F=1000×(F/A 2.5% 12) =1000×1.34489=1344.89F=250×(F/A 10% 4)=250×4.641=1160.25F=A×(F/A 10% 4) 1331=A×4.641A=1331/4.641=286.794题答案计算各企业收益在第一年末的现值=4000(P/A,10%,7)*(P/F,10%,1)=40000*4.8684*0.9091=177034.50（元）=6000(P/A,10%,8)*(P/F,10%,2)=60000*5.3349*0.8264=264525.68（元）=72000(P/A,10%,9)*(P/F,10%,3)=720000*5.7590*0.7513=311525.04（元）5题答案第一种付款方案支付款项的现值是20万元；第二种付款方案：第一次收付发生在第四年年初，递延期是2年，等额支付的次数是7次P＝4×（P/A，10%，7）×（P/F，10%，2）＝16.09万或者P＝4×[（P/A，10%，9）－（P/A，10%，2）]＝16.09万或者P＝4×（F/A，10%，7）×（P/F，10%，9）＝16.09万第三种付款方案：前8年是普通年金的问题，最后两年属于一次性收付款项P＝3×（P/A，10%，8）＋4×（P/F，10%，9）+5×（P/F，10%，10）＝19.63万因为三种付款方案中，第二种付款方案的现值最小，所以应当选择第二种付款方案。

朱叶公司金融第二版课后习题答案

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朱叶——《公司金融》——课后习题详解
部分。需要说明一点的是，这里所说的重点只是同学们在复习过程中应该稍微多关注一点的内容，对于没有提到的内容同学们也应该仔细复习。
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朱叶——《公司金融》——课后习题详解
第一章导论ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1. 为什么公司是普遍被接受的企业组织形式？
【参考答案】企业选择公司制的理由可能有以下三个方面：第一，大型企业要以个体业主制或合伙制存在是非常困难的。个体业主制与合伙制这两
金融学科有个特点是内容繁杂，而且理论派系众多。因此需要同学们在平时学习中多做总结，多做类比。例如，在《国际金融学》关于汇率决定的部分有很多理论派系，如果只是单独理解每个理论而不做系统分析的话，同学们会感觉很杂很散并且不会实际运用，不会了解这些理论内在的逻辑差别。实际上，金融学科虽然章节多，知识点多，但是每门课总有它自己的一套逻辑，也就是说所有的知识点实际上有它内在的联系的。因此，对知识
需要说明一点的是，本资料为朱叶《公司金融》第二版课后习题答案。并且由于这本书的课后习题答案有些是已知条件不足甚至存在漏洞（连朱叶本人也承认这点），这些题有可能存在多种答案。因此凡是购买本资料的同学，可以加入 QQ 群： 261086561。本人将每周对同学们在学习《公司金融》过程中的问题进行解答。
3
朱叶——《公司金融》——课后习题详解
点进行系统梳理，总结归纳就显得非常重要。
三、注重实际运用
我个人认为，对金融学把握不太好的表现之一就是不会实际运用。例如，中国的广义货币（M2）当前存量大概为 80 万亿，有同学会去根据中国的高能货币以及货币乘数算出来这个货币存量吗？例如，同学们都学过国际金本位体系，布雷顿森林体系，牙买加体系的知识。那么可否根据这些知识说明当前国际收支体系的问题、汇率调节机制的问题或者未来国际收支体系的发展方向？实际上，这些问题并不难以回答，仍然跳不出我们在书本上学到的知识，只是很多同学从来没尝试过用书本上的知识来解释现实。因此，学会实际运用，不仅可以使得同学们对知识理解得更加深刻，更重要的是，它会使得同学们养成自己的经济学金融学思维，而这正是复旦大学经济学院研究生所必须具备的素质！

公司金融课后习题14~18章

公司金融课后习题14~18章第十四章1.优先股和负债的区别有：1)在确定公司应纳税收入时，优先股股利不能作为一项利息费用从而免于纳税。

从个人投资者角度分析，优先股股利属于应纳税的普通收入。

对企业投资者而言，他们投资优先股所获得的股利中有70%是可以免缴所得税的。

2)在破产清算时，优先股次于负债，但优先于普通股。

3)对于公司来说，没有法律义务一定要支付优先股股利，相反，公司有义务必须支付债券利息。

因此如果没有发放下一年优先股股利，公司一定不是被迫违约的。

优先股的应付股利既可以是“可累积”的，也可以是“非累积”的。

公司也可以无限期拖延（当然股利无限期拖延支付会对股票市场产生负面影响）2.有些公司可以从发行优先股中获益，具体原因有：1)规范的公共事业机构可以将发行优先股产生的税收劣势转嫁给顾客，因此大部分优先股股票都是由公共事业机构发行的。

2)向国内税收总署汇报亏损的公司因为没有任何的债务利息可以从中抵扣的应税收入，所以优先股与负债比较而言不存在税收劣势。

因此这些公司更愿意发行优先股。

3)发行优先股的公司可以避免债务融资方式下可能出现的破产威胁。

未付优先股股利并非公司债务，所以优先股股东不能以公司不支付股利为由胁迫公司破产清算。

3.不可转换优先股的收益低于公司债券的收益主要有两个原因：1)如果企业投资者投资优先股股票，其所获得的股利中有70%是可以免缴所得税的，因此企业投资者更愿意购买其他公司的优先股，从而必须对优先股支付升水，这也降低了优先股的收益率。

2)发行公司愿意也有能力为债务提供更高的回报，因为债券的利息费用可以减少他们的税务负担。

而优先股支付是来自净利润，因此他们不提供税盾。

因为个人投资者不具有税收减免优惠，所以绝大多数的优先股都为企业投资者持有。

4.公司负债与权益的最主要的差别是：1)负债不属于公司的所有者权益，因此债权人通常没有表决权，他们用来保护自身利益的工具就是借贷合约，又称“债务契约”。

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CHAPTER 18VALUATION AND CAPITAL BUDGETING FOR THE LEVERED FIRMAnswers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions1.APV is equal to the NPV of the project (i.e. the value of the projectfor an unlevered firm) plus the NPV of financing side effects.2. The WACC is based on a target debt level while the APV is based on theamount of debt.3.FTE uses levered cash flow and other methods use unlevered cash flow.4.The WACC method does not explicitly include the interest cash flows, butit does implicitly include the interest cost in the WACC. If he insists that the interest payments are explicitly shown, you should use the FTE method.5. You can estimate the unlevered beta from a levered beta. The unleveredbeta is the beta of the assets of the firm; as such, it is a measure of the business risk. Note that the unlevered beta will always be lower than the levered beta (assuming the betas are positive). The difference is due to the leverage of the company. Thus, the second risk factor measured by a levered beta is the financial risk of the company.Solutions to Questions and ProblemsNOTE: All end-of-chapter problems were solved using a spreadsheet. Many problems require multiple steps. Due to space and readability constraints, when these intermediate steps are included in this solutions manual, rounding may appear to have occurred. However, the final answer for each problem is found without rounding during any step in the problem.Basic1. a.The maximum price that the company should be willing to pay for thefleet of cars with all-equity funding is the price that makes theNPV of the transaction equal to zero. The NPV equation for the projectis:NPV = –Purchase Price + PV[(1 – t C )(EBTD)] + PV(DepreciationTax Shield)If we let P equal the purchase price of the fleet, then the NPV is: NPV = –P + (1 – .35)($140,000)PVIFA13%,5 + (.35)(P/5)PVIFA13%,5Setting the NPV equal to zero and solving for the purchase price, we find:0 = –P + (1 – .35)($140,000)PVIFA13%,5 + (.35)(P/5)PVIFA13%,5P = $320,068.04 + (P)(0.35/5)PVIFA13%,5P = $320,068.04 + .2462P.7538P = $320,068.04P = $424,609.54b.The adjusted present value (APV) of a project equals the net presentvalue of the project if it were funded completely by equity plus the net present value of any financing side effects. In this case, the NPV of financing side effects equals the after-tax present value of the cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt, so:APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)So, the NPV of each part of the APV equation is:NPV(All-Equity)NPV = –Purchase Price + PV[(1 – t C )(EBTD)] + PV(Depreciation Tax Shield)The company paid $395,000 for the fleet of cars. Because this fleet will be fully depreciated over five years using the straight-line method, annual depreciation expense equals:Depreciation = $395,000/5Depreciation = $79,000So, the NPV of an all-equity project is:NPV = –$395,000 + (1 – 0.35)($140,000)PVIFA13%,5 +(0.35)($79,000)PVIFA13%,5NPV = $22,319.49NPV(Financing Side Effects)The net present value of financing side effects equals the after-tax present value of cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt,so:NPV = Proceeds – Aftertax PV(Interest Payments) – PV(PrincipalPayments)Given a known level of debt, debt cash flows should be discounted at the pre-tax cost of debt R B. So, the NPV of the financing side effects are:NPV = $260,000 – (1 – 0.35)(0.08)($260,000)PVIFA8%,5–[$260,000/(1.08)5]NPV = $29,066.93So, the APV of the project is:APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)APV = $22,319.49 + 29,066.93APV = $51,386.422.The adjusted present value (APV) of a project equals the net presentvalue of the project if it were funded completely by equity plus the net present value of any financing side effects. In this case, the NPV of financing side effects equals the after-tax present value of the cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt, so:APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)So, the NPV of each part of the APV equation is:NPV(All-Equity)NPV = –Purchase Price + PV[(1 – t C )(EBTD)] + PV(Depreciation TaxShield)Since the initial investment of $1.9 million will be fully depreciated over four years using the straight-line method, annual depreciationexpense is:Depreciation = $1,900,000/4Depreciation = $475,000NPV = –$1,900,000 + (1 – 0.30)($685,000)PVIFA9.5%,4 +(0.30)($475,000)PVIFA13%,4NPV (All-equity) = – $49,878.84NPV(Financing Side Effects)The net present value of financing side effects equals the aftertaxpresent value of cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt. So, the NPV of the financing side effects are:NPV = Proceeds(Net of flotation) – Aftertax PV(Interest Payments) –PV(Principal Payments)+ PV(Flotation Cost Tax Shield)Given a known level of debt, debt cash flows should be discounted at the pre-tax cost of debt, R B. Since the flotation costs will beamortized over the life of the loan, the annual flotation costs that will be expensed each year are:Annual flotation expense = $28,000/4Annual flotation expense = $7,000NPV = ($1,900,000 – 28,000) – (1 – 0.30)(0.095)($1,900,000)PVIFA9.5%,4– $1,900,000/(1.095)4+ 0.30($7,000) PVIFA9.5%,4NPV = $152,252.06So, the APV of the project is:APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)APV = –$49,878.84 + 152,252.06APV = $102,373.233. a.In order to value a firm’s equity us ing the flow-to-equity approach,discount the cash flows available to equity holders at the cost ofthe firm’s levered equity. The cash flows to equity holders will bethe firm’s net income. Remembering that the company has three stores,we find:Sales $3,600,000COGS 1,530,000G & A costs 1,020,000Interest 102,000EBT $948,000Taxes 379,200NI $568,800Since this cash flow will remain the same forever, the presentvalue of cash flows available to the firm’s equity holders is aperpetuity. We can discount at the levered cost of equity, so, thevalue of the company’s equity is:PV(Flow-to-equity) = $568,800 / 0.19PV(Flow-to-equity) = $2,993,684.21b.The value of a firm is equal to the sum of the market values of its debt and equity, or:V L = B + SWe calculated the value of the company’s equity in part a, so nowwe need to calculate the value of debt. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.40, which can be written algebraically as:B / S = 0.40We can substitute the value of equity and solve for the value ofdebt, doing so, we find:B / $2,993,684.21 = 0.40B = $1,197,473.68So, the value of the company is:V = $2,993,684.21 + 1,197,473.68V = $4,191,157.894. a.In order to determine the cost of the firm’s debt, we need to findthe yield to maturity on its current bonds. With semiannual couponpayments, the yield to maturity in the company’s bonds is:$975 = $40(PVIFA R%,40) + $1,000(PVIF R%,40)R = .0413 or 4.13%Since the coupon payments are semiannual, the YTM on the bonds is:YTM = 4.13%× 2YTM = 8.26%b.We can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model to find the return onunlevered equity. According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model:R0 = R F+ βUnlevered(R M– R F)R0 = 5% + 1.1(12% – 5%)R0 = 12.70%Now we can find the cost of levered equity. According toModigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxesR S = R0 + (B/S)(R0– R B)(1 – t C)R S = .1270 + (.40)(.1270 – .0826)(1 – .34)R S = .1387 or 13.87%c.In a world with corporate taxes, a firm’s weighted average cost ofcapital is equal to:R WACC = [B / (B + S)](1 – t C)R B + [S / (B + S)]R SThe problem does not provide either the debt-value ratio or equity-value ratio. However, the firm’s debt-equity ratio of is:B/S = 0.40Solving for B:B = 0.4SSubstituting this in the debt-value ratio, we get:B/V = .4S / (.4S + S)B/V = .4 / 1.4B/V = .29And the equity-value ratio is one minus the debt-value ratio, or:S/V = 1 – .29S/V = .71So, the WACC for the company is:R WACC = .29(1 – .34)(.0826) + .71(.1387) R WACC = .1147 or 11.47%5. a.The equity beta of a firm financed entirely by equity is equal toits unlevered beta. Since each firm has an unlevered beta of 1.25,we can find the equity beta for each. Doing so, we find:North PoleβEquity = [1 + (1 – t C)(B/S)]βUnleveredβEquity = [1 + (1 – .35)($2,900,000/$3,800,000](1.25)βEquity = 1.87South PoleβEquity = [1 + (1 – t C)(B/S)]βUnleveredβEquity = [1 + (1 – .35)($3,800,000/$2,900,000](1.25)βEquity = 2.31b.We can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model to find the requiredreturn on each firm’s equity. Doing so, we find:North Pole:R S = R F+ βEquity(R M– R F)R S = 5.30% + 1.87(12.40% – 5.30%)R S = 18.58%South Pole:R S = R F+ βEquity(R M– R F)R S = 5.30% + 2.31(12.40% – 5.30%)R S = 21.73%6. a.If flotation costs are not taken into account, the net presentvalue of a loan equals:NPV Loan = Gross Proceeds – Aftertax present value of interest andprincipal paymentsNPV Loan = $5,350,000 – .08($5,350,000)(1 – .40)PVIFA8%,10–$5,350,000/1.0810NPV Loan = $1,148,765.94b.The flotation costs of the loan will be:Flotation costs = $5,350,000(.0125)Flotation costs = $66,875So, the annual flotation expense will be:Annual flotation expense = $66,875 / 10 Annual flotation expense = $6,687.50If flotation costs are taken into account, the net present value ofa loan equals:NPV Loan = Proceeds net of flotation costs – Aftertax present valueof interest and principalpayments + Present value of the flotation cost tax shield NPV Loan = ($5,350,000 – 66,875) – .08($5,350,000)(1– .40)(PVIFA8%,10)– $5,350,000/1.0810 + $6,687.50(.40)(PVIFA8%,10)NPV Loan = $1,099,840.407.First we need to find the aftertax value of the revenues minus expenses.The aftertax value is:Aftertax revenue = $3,800,000(1 – .40)Aftertax revenue = $2,280,000Next, we need to find the depreciation tax shield. The depreciation tax shield each year is:Depreciation tax shield = Depreciation(t C)Depreciation tax shield = ($11,400,000 / 6)(.40)Depreciation tax shield = $760,000Now we can find the NPV of the project, which is:NPV = Initial cost + PV of depreciation tax shield + PV of aftertax revenueTo find the present value of the depreciation tax shield, we should discount at the risk-free rate, and we need to discount the aftertax revenues at the cost of equity, so:NPV = –$11,400,000 + $760,000(PVIFA6%,6) + $2,280,000(PVIFA14%,6)NPV = $1,203,328.438.Whether the company issues stock or issues equity to finance the projectis irrelevant. The company’s optimal capital structure determines the WACC. In a world with corpor ate taxes, a firm’s weighted average cost of capital equals:R WACC = [B / (B + S)](1 – t C)R B + [S / (B + S)]R SR WACC = .80(1 – .34)(.072) + .20(.1140)R WACC = .0608 or 6.08%Now we can use the weighted average cost of capital to discount NEC’s unlevered cash flows. Doing so, we find the NPV of the project is:NPV = –$40,000,000 + $2,600,000 / 0.0608NPV = $2,751,907.399. a.The company has a capital structure with three parts: long-term debt,short-term debt, and equity. Since interest payments on both long-term and short-term debt are tax-deductible, multiply the pretaxcosts by (1 – t C) to determine the aftertax costs to be used in theweighted average cost of capital calculation. The WACC using the bookvalue weights is:R WACC = (w STD)(R STD)(1 – t C) + (w LTD)(R LTD)(1 – t C) + (w Equity)(R Equity)R WACC = ($3 / $19)(.035)(1 – .35) + ($10 / $19)(.068)(1 – .35) +($6 / $19)(.145)R WACC = 0.0726 or 7.26%ing the market value weights, the company’s WACC is:R WACC = (w STD)(R STD)(1 – t C) + (w LTD)(R LTD)(1 – t C) + (w Equity)(R Equity)R WACC = ($3 / $40)(.035)(1 – .35) + ($11 / $40)(.068)(1 – .35) +($26 / $40)(.145)R WACC = 0.1081 or 10.81%ing the target debt-equity ratio, the target debt-value ratio forthe company is:B/S = 0.60B = 0.6SSubstituting this in the debt-value ratio, we get:B/V = .6S / (.6S + S)B/V = .6 / 1.6B/V = .375And the equity-value ratio is one minus the debt-value ratio, or:S/V = 1 – .375S/V = .625We can use the ratio of short-term debt to long-term debt in a similar manner to find the short-term debt to total debt and long-term debt to total debt. Using the short-term debt to long-term debt ratio, we get:STD/LTD = 0.20STD = 0.2LTDSubstituting this in the short-term debt to total debt ratio, weget:STD/B = .2LTD / (.2LTD + LTD)STD/B = .2 / 1.2STD/B = .167And the long-term debt to total debt ratio is one minus the short-term debt to total debt ratio, or:LTD/B = 1 – .167LTD/B = .833Now we can find the short-term debt to value ratio and long-term debt to value ratio by multiplying the respective ratio by the debt-value ratio. So:STD/V = (STD/B)(B/V)STD/V = .167(.375)STD/V = .063And the long-term debt to value ratio is:LTD/V = (LTD/B)(B/V)LTD/V = .833(.375)LTD/V = .313So, using the target capital structure weights, the company’s WACCis:R WACC = (w STD)(R STD)(1 – t C) + (w LTD)(R LTD)(1 – t C) + (w Equity)(R Equity)R WACC = (.06)(.035)(1 – .35) + (.31)(.068)(1 – .35) + (.625)(.145)R WACC = 0.1059 or 10.59%d.The differences in the WACCs are due to the different weightingschemes. The company’s WACC will most closely resemble the WACCcalculated using target weights since future projects will befinanced at the target ratio. Therefore, the WACC computed withtarget weights should be used for project evaluation.Intermediate10. The adjusted present value of a project equals the net present value ofthe project under all-equity financing plus the net present value of any financing side effects. In the joint v enture’s case, the NPV of financing side effects equals the aftertax present value of cash flows resulting from the firms’ debt. So, the APV is:APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)The NPV for an all-equity firm is:NPV(All-Equity)NPV = –Initial Investment + PV[(1 – t C)(EBITD)] + PV(Depreciation Tax Shield)Since the initial investment will be fully depreciated over five years using the straight-line method, annual depreciation expense is:Annual depreciation = $30,000,000/5Annual depreciation = $6,000,000NPV = –$30,000,000 + (1 – 0.35)($3,800,000)PVIFA5.13%,20 +(0.35)($6,000,000)PVIFA5,13%,20NPV = –$5,262,677.95NPV(Financing Side Effects)The NPV of financing side effects equals the after-tax present value of cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt. The coupon rate on the debt is relevant to determine the interest payments, but the resulting cash flows should still be discounted at the pretax cost of debt. So, the NPV of the financing effects is:NPV = Proceeds – Aftertax PV(Interest Payments) – PV(Principal Repayments)NPV = $18,000,000 – (1 – 0.35)(0.05)($18,000,000)PVIFA8.5%,15–$18,000,000/1.08515NPV = $7,847,503.56So, the APV of the project is:APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)APV = –$5,262,677.95 + $7,847,503.56APV = $2,584,825.6111.I f the company had to issue debt under the terms it would normally receive,the interest rate on the debt would increase to the company’s normal cost of debt. The NPV of an all-equity project would remain unchanged, but the NPV of the financing side effects would change. The NPV of the financing side effects would be:NPV = Proceeds – Aftertax PV(Interest Payments) – PV(PrincipalRepayments)NPV = $18,000,000 – (1 – 0.35)(0.085)($18,000,000)PVIFA8.5%,15–$18,000,000/((1.085)15NPV = $4,446,918.69Using the NPV of an all-equity project from the previous problem, the new APV of the project would be:APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)APV = –$5,262,677.95 + $4,446,918.69APV = –$815,759.27The gain to the company from issuing subsidized debt is the difference between the two APVs, so:Gain from subsidized debt = $2,584,825.61 – (–815,759.27)Gain from subsidized debt = $3,400,584.88Most of the value of the project is in the form of the subsidized interest rate on the debt issue.12. The adjusted present value of a project equals the net present value ofthe project under all-equity financing plus the net present value of any financing side effects. First, we need to calculate the unlevered cost of equity. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes:R S = R0 + (B/S)(R0– R B)(1 – t C).16 = R0 + (0.50)(R0– 0.09)(1 – 0.40)R0 = 0.1438 or 14.38%Now we can find the NPV of an all-equity project, which is:NPV = PV(Unlevered Cash Flows)NPV = –$21,000,000 + $6,900,000/1.1438 + $11,000,000/(1.1438)2 +$9,500,000/(1.1438)3NPV = –$212,638.89Next, we need to find the net present value of financing side effects. This is equal the aftertax present value of cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt. So:NPV = Proceeds – Aftertax PV(Interest Payments) – PV(Principal Payments)Each year, an equal principal payment will be made, which will reduce the interest accrued during the year. Given a known level of debt, debt cash flows should be discounted at the pre-tax cost of debt, so the NPV of the financing effects are:NPV = $7,000,000 – (1 – .40)(.09)($7,000,000) / (1.09) –$2,333,333.33/(1.09)– (1 – .40)(.09)($4,666,666.67)/(1.09)2–$2,333,333.33/(1.09)2– (1 – .40)(.09)($2,333,333.33)/(1.09)3–$2,333,333.33/(1.09)3NPV = $437,458.31So, the APV of project is:APV = NPV(All-equity) + NPV(Financing side effects)APV = –$212,638.89 + 437,458.31APV = $224,819.4213.a.To calculate the NPV of the project, we first need to find thecompany’s WACC. In a world with corporate taxes, a firm’s weightedaverage cost of capital equals:R WACC = [B / (B + S)](1 – t C)R B + [S / (B + S)]R SThe market value of the company’s equity is:Market value of equity = 6,000,000($20)Market value of equity = $120,000,000So, the debt-value ratio and equity-value ratio are:Debt-value = $35,000,000 / ($35,000,000 + 120,000,000)Debt-value = .2258Equity-value = $120,000,000 / ($35,000,000 + 120,000,000)Equity-value = .7742Since the CEO believes its current capital structure is optimal,these values can be used as the target weights in the firm’s weightedaverage cost of capital calculation. The yield to maturity of thecompany’s debt is its pretax cost of debt. To find the company’scost of equity, we need to calculate the stock beta. The stock betacan be calculated as:β = σS,M / σ2Mβ = .036 / .202β = 0.90Now we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model to determine the cost of equity. The Capital Asset Pricing Model is:R S = R F+ β(R M– R F)R S = 6% + 0.90(7.50%)R S = 12.75%Now, we can calculate the company’s WACC, which is:R WACC = [B / (B + S)](1 – t C)R B + [S / (B + S)]R SR WACC = .2258(1 – .35)(.08) + .7742(.1275)R WACC = .1105 or 11.05%Finally, we can use the WACC to discount the unlevered cash flows,which gives us an NPV of:NPV = –$45,000,000 + $13,500,000(PVIFA11.05%,5)NPV = $4,837,978.59b.The weighted average cost of capital used in part a will not changeif the firm chooses to fund the project entirely with debt. Theweighted average cost of capital is based on optimal capitalstructure weights. Since the current capital structure is optimal,all-debt funding for the project simply implies that the firm willhave to use more equity in the future to bring the capital structureback towards the target.Challenge14.a.The company is currently an all-equity firm, so the value as an all-equity firm equals the present value of aftertax cash flows,discounted at the cost of the firm’s unlevered cost of equity. So,the current value of the company is:V U = [(Pretax earnings)(1 – t C)] / R0V U = [($28,000,000)(1 – .35)] / .20V U = $91,000,000The price per share is the total value of the company divided by theshares outstanding, or:Price per share = $91,000,000 / 1,500,000Price per share = $60.67b.The adjusted present value of a firm equals its value under all-equity financing plus the net present value of any financing sideeffects. In this case, the NPV of financing side effects equals theaftertax present value of cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt.Given a known level of debt, debt cash flows can be discounted atthe pretax cost of debt, so the NPV of the financing effects are:NPV = Proceeds – Aftertax PV(Interest Payments)NPV = $35,000,000 – (1 – .35)(.09)($35,000,000) / .09NPV = $12,250,000So, the value of the company after the recapitalization using the APV approach is:V = $91,000,000 + 12,250,000V = $103,250,000Since the company has not yet issued the debt, this is also the value of equity after the announcement. So, the new price per share will be:New share price = $103,250,000 / 1,500,000New share price = $68.83c.The company will use the entire proceeds to repurchase equity. Usingthe share price we calculated in part b, the number of shares repurchased will be:Shares repurchased = $35,000,000 / $68.83Shares repurchased = 508,475And the new number of shares outstanding will be:New shares outstanding = 1,500,000 – 508,475New shares outstanding = 991,525The value of the company increased, but part of that increase will be funded by the new debt. The value of equity afterrecapitalization is the total value of the company minus the value of debt, or:New value of equity = $103,250,000 – 35,000,000New value of equity = $68,250,000So, the price per share of the company after recapitalization will be:New share price = $68,250,000 / 991,525New share price = $68.83The price per share is unchanged.d.In order to value a firm’s equity using the flow-to-equity approach,we must discount the cash flows available to equity holders at the cost of the firm’s levered equity. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes, the required return of levered equity is:R S = R0 + (B/S)(R0– R B)(1 – t C)R S = .20 + ($35,000,000 / $68,250,000)(.20 – .09)(1 – .35)R S = .2367 or 23.67%After the recapitalization, the net income of the company will be:EBIT $28,000,000Interest 3,150,000EBT $24,850,000Taxes 8,697,500Net income $16,152,500The firm pays all of its earnings as dividends, so the entire netincome is available to shareholders. Using the flow-to-equityapproach, the value of the equity is:S = Cash flows available to equity holders / R SS = $16,152,500 / .2367S = $68,250,00015.a.If the company were financed entirely by equity, the value of thefirm would be equal to the present value of its unlevered after-taxearnings, discounted at its unlevered cost of capital. First, we needto find the company’s unlevered cash flows, which are:Sales $28,900,000Variablecosts 17,340,000EBT $11,560,000Tax 4,624,000Net incomeSo, the value of the unlevered company is:V U = $6,936,000 / .17V U = $40,800,000b.According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes,the value of levered equity is:R S = R0 + (B/S)(R0– R B)(1 – t C)R S = .17 + (.35)(.17 – .09)(1 – .40)R S = .1868 or 18.68%c.In a world with corporate taxes, a firm’s weighted average cost ofcapital equals:R WACC = [B / (B + S)](1 – t C)R B + [S / (B + S)]R SSo we need the debt-value and equity-value ratios for the company.The debt-equity ratio for the company is:B/S = 0.35B = 0.35SSubstituting this in the debt-value ratio, we get:B/V = .35S / (.35S + S) B/V = .35 / 1.35B/V = .26And the equity-value ratio is one minus the debt-value ratio, or:S/V = 1 – .26S/V = .74So, using the capital structure weights, the company’s WACC is:R WACC = [B / (B + S)](1 – t C)R B + [S / (B + S)]R SR WACC = .26(1 – .40)(.09) + .74(.1868)R WACC = .1524 or 15.24%We can use the weighted average cost of capital to discount the firm’s unlevered aftertax earnings to value the company. Doing so, we find:V L = $6,936,000 / .1524V L = $45,520,661.16Now we can use the debt-value ratio and equity-value ratio to find the value of debt and equity, which are:B = V L(Debt-value)B = $45,520,661.16(.26)B = $11,801,652.89S = V L(Equity-value)S = $45,520,661.16(.74)S = $33,719,008.26d.In order to v alue a firm’s equity using the flow-to-equity approach,we can discount the cash flows available to equity holders at the cost of the firm’s levered equity. First, we need to calculate the levered cash flows available to shareholders, which are:Sales $28,900,000Variablecosts 17,340,000EBIT $11,560,000Interest 1,062,149EBT $10,497,851Tax 4,199,140Net incomeSo, the value of equity with the flow-to-equity method is:S = Cash flows available to equity holders / R S S = $6,298,711 / .1868S = $33,719,008.2616.a.Since the company is currently an all-equity firm, its value equalsthe present value of its unlevered after-tax earnings, discounted atits unlevered cost of capital. The cash flows to shareholders forthe unlevered firm are:EBIT $83,000Tax 33,200Net income $49,800So, the value of the company is:V U = $49,800 / .15V U = $332,000b.The adjusted present value of a firm equals its value under all-equityfinancing plus the net present value of any financing side effects.In this case, the NPV of financing side effects equals the after-taxpresent value of cash flows resulting from debt. Given a known levelof debt, debt cash flows should be discounted at the pre-tax cost ofdebt, so:NPV = Proceeds – Aftertax PV(Interest payments)NPV = $195,000 – (1 – .40)(.09)($195,000) / 0.09NPV = $78,000So, using the APV method, the value of the company is:APV = V U + NPV(Financing side effects)APV = $332,000 + 78,000APV = $410,000The value of the debt is given, so the value of equity is the valueof the company minus the value of the debt, or:S = V – BS = $410,000 – 195,000S = $215,000c.According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes,the required return of levered equity is:R S = R0 + (B/S)(R0– R B)(1 – t C)R S = .15 + ($195,000 / $215,000)(.15 – .09)(1 – .40)R S = .1827 or 18.27%d.In order to value a firm’s equity using the flow-to-equity approach,we can discount the cash flows available to equity holders at thecost of the firm’s levered equity. First, we need to calculate thelevered cash flows available to shareholders, which are:EBIT $83,000Interest 17,550EBT $65,450Tax 26,180Net incomeSo, the value of equity with the flow-to-equity method is:S = Cash flows available to equity holders / R SS = $39,270 / .1827S = $215,00017. Since the company is not publicly traded, we need to use the industrynumbers to calculate the industry levered return on equity. We can then find the industry unlevered return on equity, and re-lever the industry return on equity to account for the different use of leverage. So, using the CAPM to calculate the industry levered return on equity, we find:R S = R F+ β(MRP)R S = 5% + 1.2(7%)R S = 13.40%Next, to find the average cost of unlevered equity in the holiday gift industry we can use Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes, so:R S = R0 + (B/S)(R0– R B)(1 – t C).1340 = R0 + (.35)(R0– .05)(1 – .40)R0 = .1194 or 11.94%Now, we can use the Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes to re-lever the return on equity to account for this company’s debt-equity ratio. Doing so, we find:R S = R0 + (B/S)(R0– R B)(1 – t C)R S = .1194 + (.40)(.1194 – .05)(1 – .40)R S = .1361 or 13.61%。

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