fj(外文翻译)
高中英语单词F4
fog [fɔɡ] n.雾
foggy [ˈfɔɡɪ] a.多雾的
fold [fəʊld] vt.折叠；合拢
fitting room [ˈfɪtɪŋ-rʊm]]试衣间
five [faɪv] num.五
fix [fɪks] vt.修理；安装；确定，决定
flag [flæɡ] n.旗；标志；旗舰
flame [fleɪm] n.火焰，光辉
flaming [ˈfleɪmɪŋ] a.火红的；火焰般的
flash [flæʃ] n.闪；闪光；转瞬间
高中英语单词F4
first [fɜːst] num.第一a.& ad.第一；首次；最初n.开始；开端
fish [fɪʃ] n.鱼；鱼肉vi.钓鱼；捕鱼
fisherman [ˈfɪʃəmən] n.渔民；钓鱼健身者
fist [fɪst] n.拳(头)
fit [fɪt] a.健康的,适合的v.（使）适合，安装
ashlight [flæʃ] n.手电
flat [flæt] a.平的n.楼中一套房间；公寓(常用复数)
flee [fliː] (fled, fled) v.逃走；逃跑
flexible [‘fleksəbl] a.灵活的，可变动的
flesh [fleʃ] n.肉
flight [flaɪt] n.航班n.楼梯的一段
float [fləʊt] vi.漂浮，浮动
flood [flʌd] n.洪水vt.淹没，使泛滥
floor [flɔː(r)] n.地面，地板.（楼房的）层
flour [ˈflaʊə(r)] n.面粉，粉
汉语新词新译系列-F
汉语新词新译系列-F富二代(fu er dai)The second rich generationThe term refers to children of rich families in China who are usually born with a silver spoon. Unlike their parents making fortunes from scratch, they are entitled to inherit huge assets at birth. With strong financial backgrounds, this second generation features in media headlines for their extravagant spending on luxury cars and arrogant attitudes that annoy the public.飞毛腿(fei mao tui)bargain hunterSome young people are enthusiastic bargain hunters at all kinds of sales or service promotions. The expression originally refers to someone who is a fast runner.副卡(fu ka)Party partnerHe or she accompanies the opposite sex to a party as a lover, sometimes in the sense of an extramarital one which is clear to the other partygoers, though the relationship is not public or acknowledged.返聘(fan pin)returnmentThe term means inviting retired employees to return to the workforce, a phenomenon of an ageing society where fewer people are contributing to an occupational pension.发泄餐厅(fā xiè cān tīng)anger-venting restaurantThis refers to a special restaurant in Nanjing, which is perfect for anyone wanting to let off steam. It allows diners to smash anything in the restaurant, ranging from dishes and bowls to acoustic equipment, as long as they are willing to pay for the damages.复原乳(fuyuanru)reconstituted milkThe state standards administrative authority has recently told all dairy producers they must tell customers clearly whether the milk they sell is "reconstituted milk" or "pure fresh milk." Earlier, press reports disclosed that many dairy producers sold the formerunder the name of the latter in order to cut costs.房虫(fangchong)house bugPeople who buy apartments as an investment rather than accommodation are referred to as house bugs, or house investors. They are blamed on China's mainland for helping drive up the prices of newly developed houses beyond the means of urbanites with average incomes. The central government's policy to control the property market deals a heavy blow to the house bugs.福娃(fuwa)friendliesFriendlies is the official English name for the five mascots picked for the 2008 Olympics Games in Beijing, though each of the doll-like mascots has its own name, such as Beibei, Jingjing and Yingying. The selection marks the first time that more than three images will share Summer Olympic mascot duty.非法集资(feifa jizi)ponzi schemePonzi scheme, named after its early 20th century inventor Carlo Ponzi, is a form of fraudulent investment scam. In a recent case, a local woman allegedly defrauded more than 50 people, many of them friends and co-workers, out of 7.69 million yuan(US$949,400) involving the sale of pre-paid mobile cards.放鸽子(fanggezi)stand up, no-showThis Chinese term, flying a pigeon, derives from an old lottery scheme in Shanghai and the fact that the owner who sets free a trained homing pigeon would lose nothing since the bird always knows the way back home. Now, it is frequently used to describe the behavior of standing somebody up, playing no-show or offering empty promises.夫妻相(fuqixiang)husband-wife looksIn the west, people say if a couple live together long enough, the husband and wife tend to resemble each other and even become look-alike. In China, many believe that the marriage will last longer between a man and a woman who share some matching or similar facial features. So, the husband-wife looks are deemed as one of the criteria for looking for one's other half.伏都娃娃(fudu wawa)voodoo dollVoodoo dolls have hit the market in Shanghai as boys and girls buy them in the belief that the dolls can bring good luck to them and bad luck to their enemies. But don't bet all your luck on a small needle that pierces a voodoo doll. Better treat such a doll as fun, not your savior.反式脂肪(fanshi zhifang)trans fatTrans fat, also known as trans fatty acid, is made through the chemical process of hydrogenation of oils. It has been making headlines as consumers become aware that the artery-clogging fat is lurking in many food products, including fried fast food.负心汉(fuxinhan)love rat, love cheatA Website run by a young woman that exposes the private details of men who cheat their girlfriends of not only love, but also property has spawned many follow-up articles. But it has raised concerns about privacy rights and doubt about the credibility of the "sad stories."发烧友(fashaoyou)aficionado, buffThe Chinese term translates literally a "feverish friend." Next weekend the city will make another spectacular pirouette on the international stage as the world's greatest rock band, the Rolling Stones, plays their first Chinese mainland concert here. Naturally, the event is expected to attract hundreds of "feverish" rock fans.飞行特技(feixingteji)aerobaticsRussian air forces recently staged an airplane acrobatics show in the zhangjiajie tourist area in central China's Hunan Province. Daredevil though they may be, the air acrobatic team dropped a plan to fly through a hole on the peak of a local mountain because of the dangers and ensuing environment damage.发福(fafu)grow stoutChinese believe that middle-aged people putting on some weight is a sign ofwell-being. The Chinese character "fu"means felicity, and the term "fafu" is a propitious saying of gaining weight.饭搭子(fandazi)meal palThis term refers to office workers who lunch together. Many white-collar workers are seeking lunch pals via the Internet to share high prices as well as the delicious dishes in nearby restaurants.放倒钩(fangdaogou)booby trapA "reverse hook", as the Chinese term means, is dangerous for unsuspicious prey, because it's easy to swallow, but hard to spit out. In a recent case in the city, an official pretended to be a hitchhiker and offered driver a 10-yuan bill as a thank-you token at the end of the ride. But when the driver took the money, the official flashed his ID and pressed charges against the driver for "illegal carpooling".封口费(fengkoufei)gag feeThis is the price you pay to stop people with inside knowledge from talking about what they know. It can be paid in money, dinners or presents.飞特族(feitezu)freetersIt is a combination of English word "free" and the German word "arbeiter", which means worker. It refers to those who work only when they feel they need some money. They have a working time more flexible than freelancers. Usually freeters workpart-time in IT, advertising or other media outlets and most of them are well-known in their field of career.发嗲(fadia)act endearinglyIn Shanghai dialect, not only a young woman but also a man can employ endearment to attract attention or invite sympathy.福袋(fudai)lucky bagLucky bag is a promotion method used by shopping malls. The malls sell severalproducts in a bag, with different combinations, to shoppers at fixed price. The price is lower than the combined retail price of the products in the bag.粉飞客(fenfeike)fanficAn abbreviation for "fan fiction," the term refers to fans who are interested in writing sequels or changing plots of TV series to express their ideas, passions or dissatisfactions.反水(fanshui)rebel, betrayIt refers to anyone who rebels against the authority or turns his or her back on a friend in an unexpected manner.放水(fangshui)throw a game, lose on purposeIt usually happens in competitive games. One side loses the game on purpose after reaching a deal with the other side.翻台面(fantaimian)clear the tableMany restaurants limit dining hours on the New Year's Eve or busy holiday seasons so that each table can be used to serve more than one group of diners at a meal time. After a table of customers finishes dining, waiters or waitresses will clear the table to attend to the next batch of customers.放水(fangshui)act lenientlyIt refers to when an authority or superior intentionally bends the rules to let someone off the hook.放单飞(fangdanfei)fly soloThis term is often used to describe the situation where a team or band is dissolved and each member begins to work individually. It may also be used to mean giving a unique treatment to a single group of people out of a specific social sector.负人(furen)spend-more-than-earnThe colloquial expression means those who spend far beyond their means and are in debt each month.反星族(fanxingzu)anti-fanEvery coin has two sides. When there are fans, there are anti-fans. The term anti-fan refers to anyone who passionately dislikes a celebrity or other well-known person or entity.飞线(feixian)jumper wireSome IT manufacturers prefer to make a shortcut on their circuit boards as a remedy to fix bugs caused by wrong designs. Producers often claim that it is a component. However, users often reject products with jumper wire and consider them as substandard.非茂型(feimaoxing)non-mall shopping centerOpen-air shopping centers become more popular among customers because of the spacious environment and fresh air. Not like traditional indoor shopping malls, the open-air ones can be surrounded by trees, flowers, even bridges and creeks. Among the 11 shopping centers opened last year in Shanghai, four are non-mall centers.腐败掮客(fubai qianke)corruption brokerThis phrase mainly refers to lawyers who bribe judges on behalf of their clients. Wu Zhenhan, former president of the Hunan Provincial Higher People's Court, was sentenced to death with a two-year grace period, for taking six million yuan in bribes.发小(faxiao)friend since childhoodIn the Beijing dialect, this term refers to a friend since one's childhood.饭泡粥(fanpaozhou)chatterbox, gasbagThis is the name of a favorite breakfast food for Shanghainese, made of rice cooked inwater. If you prefer it softer, you cook the rice in the water for a longer time, creating a lot of bubbles. Now, it's used as a nickname for anyone who's excessively talkative.孵空调(fukongtiao)stay in an air-con placeWith the land scorching under the sizzling sun outside, many love to stay inside all day long with air-conditioning on. However, health experts warn that this could be bad for one's health. From time to time, one should sweat it a little and get some fresh air outside. The first character in this Chinese term means"hatching" or "incubating" and the other two mean "air-conditioning." But the first character may also imply "staying put" in a place.凤凰男(fenghuangnan)phoenix manThis term refers to men who grew up in remote rural areas but have moved to big cities thanks to their efforts and their family's support. They hope to marry city girls but often encounter problems resulting from their different living habits and family backgrounds.富裕病(fuyubing)affluenzaThis is a portmanteau word by combining the two words "affluence" and "influenza." It refers to a special form of materialism in which people suffer from an epidemic of stress, overwork, waste and indebtedness as they pursue more goods.飞鱼族(feiyuzu)flying-fish clanThis term, deriving from the title of a novel "Poissons Volants sur Paris," refers to those Chinese who give up their well-established careers in their home country and go overseas to study in elite foreign universities.封杀(fengsha)blockade, strike downIt originally referred to the situation where a showbiz artist is blacklisted and boycotted after doing something seriously unacceptable. Now it is used more generally to mean to blockade access to the market or publicity or prevent something from happening.沸腾可乐(feitengkele)Mentos eruption, soda geyserThe phrase refers to a game popular among youngsters as they put some Mentos candies into a bottle of cola or soda, resulting in an eruption occurring because of rapidly expanding carbon dioxide bubbles on the surface of the Mentos. Some even eat Mentos and drink cola to create such a chemical reaction in one's stomach. They call it a "brave man's game." However, doctors say this could be lethal.法商(fashang)legal quotientPeople have paid much attention on intelligence quotient (IQ) or emotion quotient (EQ), which are thought to have great effects on people's success, but legal quotient now has become increasingly important for people and should fulfill most of their daily issues under the frame of law.反骨(fangu)rebellious/mutinousThe expression is used colloquially to describe a person who is disobedient and tends to do things in an unconventional way. It originally referred to the occipital bone ancient Chinese superstitiously believed was a sign of mutiny.反厌食条约(fanyanshitiaoyue)anti-anorexia charterFrench fashion industry representatives recently signed a government-backed charter pledging not to encourage eating disorders and to promote healthy body images.腐女族(funuzu)fujoshiThis term, which is literally "rotten girl," is a Japanese word referring to girls and young women who are Yaoi (boy love) fans and devoted to comics and pornography which focus on love, sex and romance between men. They often fantasize about relations between two boys. However, these women are not lesbians.封口费(fēng kǒu fèi)hush moneyThe term can be used formally or informally. People sometimes jokingly demand hush money from their friends for keeping a secret between them. But this word attracted nationwide attention recently as dozens of journalists from various Chinese media organizations were found to take hush money for not reporting a fatal coal mine accident.返券黄牛(fan quan huang niu)shopping coupon scalperSome shopping malls give coupons to customers as discounts during promotions. If customers don't want to use the coupons, scalpers profit by selling or buying them.福利腐败(fulifubai)welfare corruptionIt refers to special welfare enjoyed by those work in a certain sector (usually a public sector) but denied to others. For example, employees of an electrical power company can enjoy free electricity, while those of a bus company are entitled to take free bus rides.放卫星(fangweixing)stand up, no-showThis Chinese term, which literally means "launching a satellite," evolved from the phrase "flying a pigeon." It used to describe making big news during the "cultural revolution" (1966-1976). But now it is used to describe the behavior of standing somebody up, not showing up or offering an empty promise.俯卧撑(fuwocheng)unfeeling apathy, flimsy excuseThe term literally means "push-up," a form of physical exercise. Now it is used to describe an apathetic attitude or a flimsy excuse. The phrase derives from a news story about a boy who was at the spot of a girl's death. The boy told police when the girl jumped into the river from a bridge, he was doing push-ups a dozen or so meters away, so he saw nothing.范跑跑(fanpaopao)Run Run FanChinese online users have nicknamed teacher Fan Meizhong as Run Run Fan after he fled his classroom, leaving behind all his students, when an 8.0-magnitude earthquake hit Sichuan Province on May 12. He has been widely criticized as being selfish and unethical. In comparison, some other teachers sacrificed their own lives in protecting and saving their students during the devastating earthquake.放心债(fang xin zhai)safe bondsIt refers to US treasury bonds which China holds. Some US officials have been trying to convince the Chinese government that these bonds will not depreciate despite the current economic downturn and a decline in dollar value.反庐舍联盟(fan lu she lian meng)Anti-loser UnionA group of Chinese companies, mostly in the Internet industry, formed an "Anti-loser Union" to educate office workers or students who are over-indulged in online chatting or social networking sites and lose their focus on work or study. Members of this union promise to punish their employees who dare to abuse computers to surfnon-essential Websites and waste company time.分居恋人族(fen ju lian ren zu)LATersThe term, an abbreviation of "live apart together," refers to married couples who live apart but stay united and emotionally committed. This latest style of couple relationship has evolved from "independent lovers" who don't think it necessary to stick to each other all the time. It is a relationship in which the two parties regard themselves as a couple - indeed, most of them are married to each other - but don't live in the same house. They find that the practicalities of sharing the same space may be harder to cope with than first anticipated.绯闻股(fei wen gu)star-studded shareIt refers to the Huayi Bros Media Group that was recently listed on the ChiNext, or the Chinese version of Nasdaq. The shareholders of the company are pop stars that are never short of gossip news, hence the term.范儿(fan er)styleThe Chinese term, popular mainly in northern China, refers to one's style --from dressing to general behavior.防弹主机(fang dan zhu ji)bulletproof hostA bulletproof host allows people to bypass the laws or contractual terms of service applying to Internet content and service in its country of operation because many of these "bulletproof hosts" are based overseas. This leniency has been taken advantage of by spammers and providers of online gambling or pornography.粉红力(fen hong li)pink generationThe post-1990s kids in China have called themselves "the pink generation." In a heated online debate, the post-'90s hit back at critics from post-'70s-and-'80s, also called "the red generation," saying that although the newest group of teenagers is still young and naive, they will certainly grow into the backbone of China.。
世界知名品牌.
品牌简述 ：Chanel
品牌档案: 创始人：Gabrielle Chanel夏奈尔 注册地：法国巴黎（1913年） 设计师： 1913年-1971年，GabrielleChanel （加布里埃．夏奈尔） 1983年起,KarlLargerfeld(卡尔．拉 格菲尔德)
夏奈尔是第一位晒成古铜肤色并 剪男孩头的女性。她是第一个把裙长 提高到脚踝以上的服装设计师，还是 第一个关注香水的服装设计师。她把 针织等不太流行的面料用于高级服装， 还采用亚麻等材质以使服装贴合身体。 她还促成了假珠宝的流行，将成串人 造珍珠挂于胸前，就是夏奈尔首创的， 这几乎是夏奈尔服装的标志了。 夏奈尔从1930年到她死，她都孤 独住在巴黎的里茨饭店的顶楼上，她 是世界“50年中最大的服装设计师”， 但不是妻子不是怪妇也不是母亲。每 天晚上睡觉的时候，她唯一需要确定 的是，那把心爱的剪刀是否放在床头 柜上。她说：“上帝知道我渴望爱情， 但如果非要选择，我会选择时装。”
“Ikea”译瑞典也很少有人知道它的意思，是聪 明的中译者赋予它“宜家”这美好的含义。实际上，Ikea是该品牌 的创始人IngvarKamprad和他的农场名Elmtaryd及村庄名Agunnaryd 的词首字母组合。 有的品牌名称只进行音译，如“麦斯威尔”咖啡，仅仅是 “Maxwell”的发音而已。由于它的诉求对象是白领阶层，尤其是“ 外向型”白领，因此这个名字是成功的。但如果想让广大华人买账 ，就不如“雀巢”。在雀巢咖啡刚进入中国大陆时，听村里的农民 议论：“雀巢”咖啡就是“鸟窝”咖啡。即使没文化的人也对它它 产生兴趣，可见名称的戏剧性效果非常有利于提高品牌的知名度。 名牌手机“诺基亚”，芬兰文原名“Nokia”，是厂子所在小镇的名 字，很显然，译文比原文更富有高科技感，好像还有点“承诺亚洲 ”的味道。
材料英语词汇F-J
工业材料英语F G H I J（查询按字母顺序；按住Ctrl并点击鼠标以跟踪链接~）（注：上一行英文的释义在下一行）———————————————————————————————————————工业材料F返回首页F.D.P (Firths Decay Proof)F.D.P[不锈]钢F.S.L.一种含0.05%C, 18.5%Cr, 10%Ni之低碳不锈钢Faber Du Faur Retort法普佛甑Fabriacation制造，打造构制，组合face brick饰砖face down bonding/face bonding面朝下接合face wall面墙Face-centered cubic (f.c.c.)面心立方face-centered cubic (FCC)面心立方Face-centered cubic lattice面心立方格子Face-centered orthorhombic面心斜方Facet小面facience法恩陶facing brick面砖Facing sand面砂facing target sputtering(FTS)system相面对靶子溅镀系统Factor of safety安全因子Fahlum metal法鲁金属(Pb60%, Sn40%)fail bit map错误位图表fail mark不良记号fail-make inspection function不良标记检查功能Failure analysis损坏分析failure analysis memory故障解析记忆器Falling weight test落重试验false path problem错误路径问题false set假凝famille noire enamel黑地彩famille rose胭脂红；粉彩famille verte绿地形family box族系箱family head族系原头Faraday effect法拉第夜应faraday system法拉第系统Fast breeder reactor快滋生反应，快增殖反应器Fast neutron快中子(能量超过0.1Mev)fast traverse快速通过速度fat clay富黏土(从土木)Fat sand高黏土砂Fatigue corrosion疲劳腐蚀Fatigue crack疲劳裂痕Fatigue fracture疲劳破裂Fatigue limit疲劳限Fatigue notch factor疲劳凹痕因子Fatigue test疲劳试验Fatigue test machine疲劳试验机Fatigue tester疲劳试验机fault缺陷fault analysis故障分析fault circuit故障电路fault coverage故障概括率fault dictionary故障辞典fault simulator故障仿真器Fayalite铁橄榄石，铁硅酸盐Faying surface1 接合面2 待接合面Feal费尔合金(25%Al,其余为Fe有良好制振性)feather combing梳花feather marking羽状痕迹feed gums种籽胶Feed ring环冒口Feed riser冒口Feed water给水feeder饲机feeder channel饲槽feeder gate饲料闸Feeding rod冒口搅棒Feldspar长石feldspathic glaze长石岫feldspathoid似长石felsophyne硅长斑石felsparfeldsparFeltmetal金属纤维毡Feran包铝钢条Fermi level费米准位(原子)Fermi surface费米面(原子)Fermium (Fm, 100)镄Fernichrome费理铬(一种能封入铅玻璃内之材料，含37%Fe,30%Ni,25%Co,8%Cr)Ferrari cement 佛拿里水泥Ferric oxide三氧化二铁ferrimagnetism亚铁磁性Ferrious material铁系金属Ferrite1 肥粒铁2 磁性氧化物ferrite (ceramic)1肥粒铁2磁性氧化物Ferrite grain size肥粒铁晶粒度Ferrite martensite肥粒形麻田散体Ferritic cast iron肥粒铁铸铁Ferritic decarburized depth脱炭层之肥粒铁深度Ferritic stainless steel肥粒铁不锈钢ferro boron硼铁Ferro-alloy (ferroalloy)合金铁ferro-bronge铁青铜(8%Fe, 0.7%Cr,其余为Cu)Ferro-chrome铬铁Ferro-electric materials铁电材料(如BaTiO3)Ferro-manganese锰铁Ferro-molybdenum钼铁Ferro-phosphorus磷铁Ferro-silicon硅铁Ferro-titanium钛铁Ferro-tungsten钛铁Ferro-vanadium钨铁Ferrochrome-silicon硅铬铁ferroele ctric强电介体(从电机)ferroelectric thin film铁电薄膜强诱电体薄膜Ferrograph磁滞仪Ferrolum包铅钢ferromagnetic强磁的Ferromagnetic domain wall铁扇区壁Ferromagnetic spinel铁磁性尖晶石ferromagnetism铁磁性，强磁性Ferromanganese-silicon硅锰铁(Ferron福朗(含35%Ni, 15%Cr，其余为铁的一种抗氧化合金)Ferronickel镍铁Ferrose-forric oxide磁性氧化铁(Fe3O4)Ferroselenium硅铁Ferrostan电镀马口铁(镀锡冷卷钢)ferrous alloy铁合金Ferrous metallurgy钢铁冶金学Ferrous oxide氧化亚铁Ferrox cube软磁磁体族Ferry福里合金(一种含55%Cu, 45%Ni之高电阻材料，类似康史登钢)Fertile material 可育材料Fery radiation pyrometer费氏辐射高温计fetrafluoroethylene oxide氧化四氟乙烯Fettling修整(1 铸件加工前之修整2 炉衬之修整)Fiber metal纤维金属Fiber reinforced plastice (FRP)纤维加强塑料Fiber stress纤维应力Fiberfax岩绒，金刚纤维fiberglass玻璃纤维fibre, ceramic陶瓷纤维Fibrous falc纤维状滑石Fibrous structure纤维组织Fick's first law菲克（扩散）第一定理Fick's law菲克[扩散]定律Fick's second law菲克（扩散）第二定理fiducial mark基准标记Field batch weight工地盘重Field control工地控制Field effect transistor (FET)场效应晶体管field-drain pipe工地排水管figured glass压花玻璃Filberflow纤维流纹filed programmable gate array现场可程序闸门数组filed programmable interconnect 现场可程序互接filler填充料Filler metal熔填金属fillet接合剂渗出痕迹，接合轮廓film strength干釉强度Film test薄膜试验filter(活性炭)过滤器filter block泸砖filter candle泸筒filter cke泸饼filter cloth滤布Filter press压滤机filtration equipment with coagulation凝聚过滤设备fin缝翅final energy magnet终极能量磁铁final polishing最后加工抛光仕上研磨final test最后测试final wafer test晶圆后端测试Fine aggregate细骨材fine alignment精细对准Fine gilt薄层镀金Fine grain细晶粒，细[颗]粒fine grinder细研机fine grinding细磨Fine pearlite微粒波来铁fine pitch精细节距fine powder超微粒Fine-grained steel细晶粒钢fineness moldulus细度模数Fineness of cement水泥细度Finess number粒度(铸砂)Finger gate指形铸口finial屋脊饰fining澄清Finishability饰面难易度Finished steel精炼钢Finishing impression完成型Finishing machine整面机Finishing mill完成巴机Finishing roll未巴辊Finishing temperature完成温度Fink process芬克浸铝法Finkle-Mchr process芬克穆尔法finl set终凝finyl chloride polymers氯乙烯聚体fir brick火砖fir resistance耐火性fire back垫[背]火砖fire box火箱Fire brick耐火砖fire bridge火坝Fire clay耐火泥fire crack热裂fire finished火修光Fire magnesite-chrome brick 烧镁铬砖fire mark火痕fire pillar火柱fire polished火焰磨光fire proofing tile坐火瓦Fire refining火法精炼Fire sand耐火砂Fire welding固态接合，接火Fire-box steel火箱钢Fire-cracking热裂firecaly火黏土Fired chrome brick烧铬砖Fired magnesite brick烧镁砖Firestone耐火石firing1烧成2点火firing expansion烧制膨胀firing range烧制范围firing shrinkage烧[成][收]缩firingtemperature烧成温度first bonding第一接合，第一压接First coat1 底漆2 第一涂层first dislocation generation 初次发生位错First stage annealing第一段退火firsts一级品Firth hardometer费氏硬度计Firty耐火性Fish scale鳞状破面fish-scale鳞剥fisheyes鱼眼(因氢脆性之裂开面)Fishtail鱼尾式Fissile material可分裂材料Fission分裂Fission fragment分裂碎片Fission poison分裂毒物Fission product分裂产物Fissionable material可分裂材料Fissium分裂碎片合金fitting配件five points thickness variation５点厚度变动Fixed carbon固定碳fixing block受钉砖块fixture board夹具基板Fizeau interferometer method菲氏干涉计法flabby cast软铸物Flake1 小片2 裂纹3 白疵Flake graphite片状石墨Flake graphite cast iron片状石墨铸铁Flaking剥落Flame annealing火焰退火Flame cleaning火焰清除法Flame cutting火焰切割Flame hardening火焰硬化flame photometer焰度计flame plating焰镀[法]Flame scaling焰烤锌皮法flame sensor火焰传感器Flame softening火焰软化Flame spectro fluorimetry火焰光谱分析Flame spraying火焰喷涂Flame straightening火焰矫直Flame strengthening火焰强化Flame-plating火焰涂层flame-spraying焰喷[法]Flame-tempering火焰回火flameless combustion无焰燃烧Flanging折缘Flappin [of copper]翻搅flare bed发焰道Flare test顶进定量变形试验(与drift test同)Flaring扩口Flash飞边，溢边Flash and fire point test闪点及燃点试验flash lamp annealer闪光灯退火处理机flash memory E/W cycle test system 闪存删除写入周期测试系统Flash point闪点Flash radiography闪烁放射性摄影Flash roasting闪燃煅烧flash shield溢边护罩flash wall闪火墙Flash welding闪电熔接Flash-butt welding闪电对头熔接Flask1 砂箱2 烧瓶flat bar1 扁条2 扁条钢flat collet平面吸具Flat dies平模Flat grain平纹flat zone length热平坦区长度Flat-die forging平模锻造，平模锻件Flat-die hammer平模锤flat-ware浅皿flatness平面度flatness quality area平面度适用区域Flats扁钢(1/8~1/4吋厚两呎以卷宽之卷钢片)Flattener矫平机具flatting平整[法]Flemish bond法式砌法(从土木)Flexibility凸挠性flexural strength抗弯强度Flexure tests弯曲试验Flint火石，燧石flint clay燧石黏土Flint glass火石玻璃flint shot燧石粒flip chip bonder倒装片接合机flip chip bonding侧装片接合float glass process浮制玻板法float polishing浮动抛光Float test index浮游试验指数floatation equipment漂浮分离设备floater浮舟(玻)floating agent浮剂Floating die浮动模floating license浮动许可证Floating zone crystal growing浮融带晶体生长法floating zone melting method 浮动区熔法Floating-zone refining浮融带纯化floc testwater testflocculant絮凝剂Flocculation絮凝，凝聚Flong纸型(活字版铸版用)flood casting泄注法floor brick地砖Floor molding地模法floor planner平面规划器floor quarryquarry tilefloor tile铺地砖Flotation浮选Flow ability流动性Flow ability of sand铸砂流动性flow blue霁青Flow brightening亮锡法Flow coating流动施膜Flow line1 加工流程2 锻造流线Flow line network流线网，流程网flow machine致流机Flow off溢流口flow pattern defect流体图案缺陷Flow spinning切刀旋转法Flow stress流度应力flow table流度台flow test流度试验Flow through溢流道Flow welding熔流熔接Fluctuating stress波动应力flue gas烟道气fluid-energy mill流体能磨Fluidity流体性Fluidity index流体性指数fluidized bed流体化床Fluidized sand流动性铸砂Fluidized sand molding流动性铸砂造模法fluidized-bed coating流体床法护膜Fluon氟罗央(PTFE的商业名称)Fluorescence荧光Fluorescence analysis荧光分析Fluorescence particle inspection烛光颗粒检验Fluorescent material荧光材料Fluorescent penetrant test荧光透入剂试验fluorite萤石Fluorite (fluorspar)萤石Fluoroscopy荧光分析术fluorspar萤石Flush quenching闪激卒火flux1助熔剂2焊剂3熔剂4通量（磁电）flux factor 熔剂因子flux line玻膏面Flux-covering熔剂覆盖Fluxing熔剂处理Fly ash飞灰flying arch跳顶拱Flying saw随动锯机Flying shear随动剪机Flying spot microscope飞点式显微镜foam concrete泡沫混凝土foam glass泡沫玻璃foamed clay起泡黏土foamed concrete起泡混凝土Foaming起泡focal plane焦点平面focal plane deviation焦点平面偏差Fog quenching喷雾卒火Foil箔Foil heat treatment箔袋热处理Fold折痕Folding defect折迭瑕疵Follow board嵌模板Fool's gold愚人金(黄铁矿FeS2)Foolner process福药法(磷酸盐处理)foot print脚印Footing基脚Foppl test福贝耳[硬度]试验Forbidden band禁带(原子)force fill process加压填埋空隙forced draft强制通风Forced gas convection强制气对流Fore blow前期吹风Fore hand welding前进熔接Fore hearth前炉Foreign atom外来原子Forge hammer锻锤Forge iron锻铁Forge rolls锻辊Forge welding锻造熔接，锻接Forgeability锻造性Forged steel锻钢forging1锻造2锻件Forging dies锻模Forging machine锻机Forging, closed-die1 闭模锻造2 闭模Forging, cold冷模Forging, flat-die1 平模锻造2 平模Forging, hammer锤锻Forging, hand手工锻造Forging, high-energy-rate高能率锻造Forging, high-velocity高速锻造Forging, hot热锻Forging, machine机械锻造Forging, open-die1 开模锻造2 开模锻件Forging, pancake 扁圆锻件Forging, press压机锻造Forging, roll轧机锻造Forging, smith手工锻造Forging, upset1 锻粗锻造2 锻粗锻件fork铁叉form chamfering整形去角取面Formability成形性formal verification正式验证formatter格式编制器Forming成形forming gas组成气体Forming, bulge胀大成形Forming, compression压缩成形Forming, contour roll型辊成形Forming, creep潜伸成形Forming, drop hammer落锤成形Forming, electrohydraulic 电液成形Forming, electromagnetic 电磁成形Forming, explosive爆炸成形Forming, high-energy-rate 高能井成形Forming, hydraulic液压成形Forming, magnetic pulse电磁震动成形Forming, multiple-slide 多滑块成形Forming, press压机成形Forming, press-brake折条机成形Forming, radial-fraw径拉成形Forming, rubber-diaphram 橡胶膜成形Forming, rubber-pad橡胶垫成形Forming, rubber-punch橡胶冲成形Forming, shrink收缩成形Forming, stretch拉伸成形Forming, three-roll三辊成形Forming, wacuum真空成形Forming, wire线料成形Forms模板Forrester flotation machine富尔斯特浮还机forsterite镁橄榄石Forsterite (Mg2SiO4)硅酸镁石forward annotation正向批注Forward extrusion顺向挤制Forward spinning顺向旋挤Forward welding前进熔接Foucault current method傅科电流法Fouling积垢(船底海藻贝壳)fouling index（FI）污浊指标（FI）Fouling resistance防垢性(铅底)Foundation基础Founder铸工Founding铸造Foundry1 铸造2铸造场Foundry coke铸焦Foundry defects铸疵Foundry ladle铸造浇斗，铸造盛通Foundry losses铸造损耗Foundry pig铸造生铁Foundry pig iron铸造用生铁Foundry returns回炉料Foundry sand铸砂Foundry type metal手植活字合金four(point)probe method四(点)探针法Four-high mill四辊巴机，四重式轧机four-way type四方向方式Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 傅立叶转换红外光谱学four（point）probe method四（点）探针法Fractional crystallization分段结晶Fractography断口型像学Fracture mechanics破断力学，破坏力学Fracture stress破断应力Fracture surface破断面Fracture test破断试验fracture toughness破裂韧性Fracture transition脆断转移[温度]Frame filter press框式压泸机frame memory视帧记忆器；图框记忆器Frame work structure构架结构framework架构Francium (Fr, 87)金法Frand-Read source法一瑞式[差排]源Frank partial dislocation法兰克部份差排Frary metal法拉钡合金(一种铅钨钡合金)Free carbon游离碳Free cementite游离雪明碳铁free cutting brass易切黄铜free cutting bronze易切青铜Free cutting steel易切钢Free electron自由电子free energy自由能Free ferrite游离肥料铁Free lime游离石灰Free water游离水份Free-cutting metal易切金属free-flow bender开放弯曲机freeze-casting冻铸法freezing冷凝，冻结凝固freezing and thawing test冻结融解试验Freezing cuve冷凝曲线Freezing method冷凝法Freezing point1 凝固点；2 冰点Freezing range凝固范围French chalk法兰西白呈(即滑石3MgO4SiO2、H2O)French metal 法兰西金属(一种精炼锑)French process法兰西法(一种提锌法)Frenkel defect佛兰克缺陷（晶格缺陷）Fresh water淡水Fretling corrosion[紧压]磨蚀，移擦腐蚀friction element摩擦组件Friction oxidation摩擦氧化friction pressfriction-screw pressFriction sawing摩擦锯切Friction screw press摩擦螺杆压机Friction welding摩擦熔接Frictional loss摩擦损耗frifluoroacetylnitrile亚硝酸三氟乙酰Fringe晕纹frit熔块；玻料fritted glass ware玻釉玻璃器fritted glaze熟釉；玻料釉fritted porcelain玻料瓷Fritting1 烧结(同sintering)2 上釉料frizzling绉缩(陶)frog ring辙叉环Fromont test傅瑞孟[冲击]试验front end design前端设计front side reference method前侧基准法Front slagging前渣法Frontier alloy佛兰提合金(一种铝锌合金)frost glass磨砂玻璃Froth flotation泡漆浮选Fry's reagent傅蕊族剂fuel cell燃料电池fuel cell stack燃料电池堆Fuel cycle燃料循环Fuel element燃料组件Fuel fabrication燃料构制Fuel oil燃料油Fuel ratio燃料比Fuel reprocessing燃料再处理Fugacity (fugasity)1 挥发度2 挥发性Full annealing完主退火full automatic growing furnace 全自动成长炉full cutting全切割Full hardening完全硬化Full insert整体嵌件Full mold process全模法full site全体区分地段Full-killed steel全静钢Full-mould casting process金模铸造法Fuller半圆型锤fuller earth漂白土Fuller's ideal curve富乐理想曲线Fullering敛缝，填隙fullering bar填隙棒Fullering fmpression敛缝型Fully-killed steel全静钢Fulminates雷酸盐(不稳定易爆材料)fume烟气function test功能测试Functional ceramics功能陶瓷functional description language功能记述语言functional schematic editor功能检图编辑器Fundamental vector Furnace 基本向量炉Fundation translation vector基本平移向量funerary ware明器furnace angle炉体倾斜角furnace annealer电热炉退火处理机furnace lift travel炉移动行程Furnace lining炉衬furnace tube cleaning equipment炉心管洗涤设备Furnace, baking烘焙炉furnace, batch [type]批式炉furnace, bell-type钟罩式炉furnace, bogie hearth钟罩式炉，拖车式炉furnace, box箱式炉Furnace, car bottom车底式炉Furnace, chain type链式炉Furnace, continuous连续式炉Furnace, continuous-strand连绩回式炉Furnace, conveyor (conveyer)输送带炉Furnace, direct arc直接电弧炉Furnace, high frequency高周波电炉Furnace, holding保温炉Furnace, indirect arc间接电狐炉Furnace, lift off cover离盖式炉Furnace, overhead conveyer高吊输送炉Furnace, pit坑式炉Furnace, preheating预热炉Furnace, pusher推式炉Furnace, remelting再泰炉Furnace, roller hearth滚子炉Furnace, rotary-hearth转膛炉Furnace, screw feed螺旋送料炉Furnace, slot-type槽式炉Furnace, tunnel隧道炉furnace, walking beam动梁炉fuse data熔丝资料fuse link链丝熔丝Fuse-quench process熔化急冷法Fused alumina熔凝铝氧Fused quartz熔凝石英Fused sand熔砂fused silica熔硅石Fused zone泰融带Fused-cast refractory熔铸耐火材料fused-salt electrolysis泰盐电解Fused-silica frick熔凝硅砖Fused-silica refractory泰凝硅质耐火材料Fusible alloy易熔合金Fusible pluger易熔塞Fusing pyrometer融点高温计fusion1 熔化，熔解2 熔合(核子)fusion casting熔铸法Fusion of packing materials填料熔合Fusion penetration熔融穿入Fusion point熔融点Fusion range熔融区Fusion sawing熔融锯Fusion temperature熔融温度Fusion welding熔融泰接fusion-flow test熔流试验(搪瓷)fuzzy texture疏松结构(搪瓷)工业材料G返回首页g-line stepperg线步进机G-valueG值gable tile山墙瓦gable wall投料墙gadget支架gaffer吹制领班gage (gauge)1量规2号规(线) 3样板gage length标距gagger撑条gaging规测gain refiner微晶剂galena方铅矿(Pb S)gall浮硝galleting碎瓦片(陶)galling1（压紧面间）擦伤2吸住，紧贴gallium金家gallium antimonide锑化金家gallium arsenide砷化金家(Ga As)(一种半导体)gallium phosphide磷化金家(Ga P)(一种半导体)Gallo tannin acid没食子酸galvanic action[丹尼尔]电池作用galvanic cell化学电池galvanic corrosion电池腐蚀Galvanic deposit电[池性]沈积galvanic potential电转电位galvanic series电转序(电转电动势次序)galvanized iron镀锌铁galvanized steel sheet镀锌钢片galvanized steel wire镀锌钢丝galvanizing热镀锌法galvanizing热浸镀锌galvanizing电积镀锌法galvannealing镀针退火galvanostatic polarization curve电流恒定极化曲线Galvznizing镀锌法galvznizing embritllement镀锌脆性gamma brassγ黄铜，咖玛黄铜gamma dispersionγ色散，咖玛色散gamma ironγ铁gamma loopγ区，咖玛区gamma radiationγ辐射，咖玛辐射gamma rayγ射线gamma solid solution咖玛固溶体gamma structure咖玛结构gamma-radiographyγ射线照相术，咖玛射线照相术gamma-ray fluoroscopy γ玛对线荧光照相检验gamma-rays咖玛射线(波长小于0.5A之电磁辐射线)gang bonding多端子接合gangue脉石ganister硅石gap frame press弓架压机gap grading不连续粒度Gardner mobilomete贾得纳流度计Gareis—Endell plastometer贾恩塑性计garnet石榴石gas adsorption method气[体]吸附法gas box瓦斯筒收纳箱gas carburizing气体渗碳法gas centrifuge process气体离心法gas classification气体分级法gas coke煤气焦碳gas concrete充气混凝土gas constant气体常数gas cutting焰割gas cyaniding气体氰化法(碳氮处理)gas feed system瓦斯输送系统gas hole气孔gas law体定律gas permeability透气性gas pickling气(体)浸(渍)法gas porosity气体孔隙率gas pressure bonding高温气的等压法gas source molecular beam epitaxial growth system 瓦斯源分子束磊晶生长系统gas turbine燃气涡轮机gas welding气体熔接，气焰熔接gas-cooled reactor气体冷却反应器gas-cooled reactor进步型气冷反应器gas-shielded arc welding气护电弧熔接gaseous diffusion process气体扩散法gasket corrosion (crevice corrosion)隙腐蚀(裂隙腐蚀)gassing of copper铜之汽损gassy surface疏松结构gate1进模口2闸gate array闸门数组gate cutting切断成型铸模树鲁流导闸门之残留树脂gate insert piece插入闸门之分割用隔片gate level description闸门位阶记述gate stick浇道棒gate value栅型阀gather蘸料gather hole蘸料口gating system浇注系统Gaudin's equation高丁公式gauge曲脚gauge factor磨度计因子gauge length标距gauging of cement水泥稠度标准化Gauss高斯(磁感应或磁场强度单位)Gazal process盖撒法Ge-Si alloys锗硅合金(热电材料)gear bronze齿轮青铜Geiger counter盖氏计数器Geiger-Mueller counter盖格-密勒计数器gel凝胶，乳胶体gelatine, gelating明胶general attack主面侵蚀geochemistry地质化学Geomagnetic field地磁场Georgian glass方网玻璃Gerber's law盖柏定律(有关疲劳行为)German silver (nickel silver)德银(α相之铜镍针合金)；白铜，洋银germanium nitride 氮化锗germanium oxide氧化锗Germanuium (Ge, 32)锗Germination伟晶作用Gero degassing process吉罗去气法Getter收气剂gettering吸器，除器getting采掘Ghost band (ghost line)魔带，魔线Gibbs free energy吉布自由能Gilard &Dubrul factor吉杜因子(玻)Gilding镀金gilding bronze拟金黄铜(含5%Zn之黄铜)Gillmore needle吉摩针(泥)Gilt包金件(以薄金属被覆之银或其它非铁金属)glaceramic玻陶Glaging上釉glass玻璃glass enamel玻璃珐琅彩料glass eye玻泡(玻)Glass fiber玻璃纤维glass fibre玻璃纤维glass fost玻白glass frit sealing equipment玻璃料密封装置glass house玻璃工场Glass naol玻璃绒glass to metal seal玻金封点(玻)glass transition temperature玻璃转换温度glass-bonded mica玻结云母glass-coated steel & glass-lined steel玻衬器皿glass-forming engobe玻化化妆土Glassy (amorphous)玻璃质(非晶质)glaze釉(陶)glaze fit釉适性(陶)glazer火焰磨光炉；磨光机glazes釉彩glazing上岫；施釉(从化工)Glide plane滑动面Glo-crack荧光示裂法global总体global alignment全晶圆对准global backside indeal range总体背面理想范围global backside variation总体背面理想范围global flatness总体平面度global leveling全晶圆调平global tilting全晶圆倾斜转动Globar格罗棒(碳化硅电热棒)Globular cenentite球状雪明碳铁Globular pearlite球状波来体Globurizing球状化glory hole小烘炉gloss光泽gloss point岫熔点glost0fire岫烧Glow discharge nitriding辉光放电氮化glut arch焚口(陶)GO/NO-GO test性能良?判定试验gob玻璃膏球gob process玻器制法Goggles护目镜Gold (Au, 79)金gold bronze金色青铜(α\铝青铜，今3-5%Al其余为Cu)gold decoration 金饰(陶)Gold leaf金叶(3-5 X10-6inch原金箔)gold rubyglass金赤玻璃gold scouring刮亮Goldchmidt Thermit process戈德史密特铝热法goldstone glaze金路岫Gonell air elutriator哥涅淘析机Goniometer1 测塞器2 测向仪Goodmans law古德曼定律(疲劳行性)Goskar dryer哥斯卡干燥机Gothic pitch哥德斜度Gottignies kiln哥近尼[多隧]窑Gouge半圆凿gouging test抗磨试验(搪)Gradation级配grade等级Graded aggregate级配骨材Graded standard sand级配标准沙Gradient梯度，倾差gradient freeze method凝固温度梯度法Gradient mold斜度模铸锭模Grading分级grading analysis级配分析Grading curve级配曲线grading incidence interferometer method 倾斜入射干涉计法Graduating刻度grain晶粒Grain boundary晶[粒境]界Grain boundary attack晶界侵蚀Grain boundary reaction晶界反应Grain coarsening晶粒粗化Grain coarsening temperature晶粒化温度Grain contrast晶粒[反光]对比Grain fineness number颗粒细度grain grit粗粒；磨粒粒度Grain growth晶粒生长grain of maximum size最大魔粒grain percentage魔粒率；磨料百分比Grain refinement晶粒微化Grain refining晶粒微化Grain refining temperature晶粒微化温度Grain size晶粒度，晶粒大小grain size analysis粒度分析Grain structure晶粒组织graininggraining oxideGram-atom克原子Granite花岗石granite ware斑点单轴搪瓷Granodising锌面磷酸盐(黑层)处理granular activated carbon颗粒状活性碳Granular pearlite粒状玻来铁Granular power粒状粉未Granulated slag粒状熔渣Granulation粒状化，造粒Granulation method粒化法，造粒法Graphite石墨Graphite carbon石墨碳Graphite corrosion石墨腐蚀Graphite crucible石墨坩埚Graphite electrode石墨电极Graphite flake precipitation片状石墨析出graphite heater annealer石磨加热器退火处理机Graphite steel石墨钢Graphite, rosette菊花状石墨Graphite-claybrick石墨黏土砖Graphitization石墨化Graphitizer石墨化促进剂Graphitizing anneal石墨化退火Graphitizing inoculant石墨化接种剂Graphtic, embrittlement石墨脆他Grate1 炉条2隔栅Graticude影规(化学镜头中之十字线刻度)Gravimetric method重量法Gravity casting重力铸造Gravity die casting重力金属模铸造法Gravity drop hammer自落锤gravity filter重力过滤器gravity process玻膏滴制法Gravity segregation垂力偏析Gravity sintering重力烧结gray scale pattern recognition灰色标度器案识别Gray [cast] iron灰口铸铁Grazed brick釉砖grazing衬垫表面剥落green生坯Green casting生铸件(未热处理之铸件)Green compact生压胚Green density粉胚体密度(粉未冶金)green house生坯间(陶)Green permeability湿砂透气性Green pressing生压胚Green rot线朽铬线(含高镍之镍铬合金之一种高温腐蚀现象)Green sand 湿模砂Green sand mold湿砂模Green sand molding湿砂造模法green spot深斑green strength生坯强度(陶)Green strentgth湿砂强度Green-tin灰锡(锡在-13.2。
2019中考英语阅读理解核心单词(F-J)
2019中考英语阅读理解核心单词（F-J）根据字母查看：以F开头的词组以G开头的词组以H开头的词组以I开头的词组以J开头的词组Ffake n.假货,膺品a.假的fireworks n.[pl.]爆竹, 烟花flutter v. 扑腾follow vt.跟随,结果是free v.释放freedom n.自由fridge n.电冰箱friendship n.友谊,友好根据字母查看：以F开头的词组以G开头的词组以H开头的词组以I开头的词组以J开头的词组Ggadget n.小器具, 小配件get-together n.(使)聚集;(使)集合giant n.巨人,巨物government n.政府gradually ad.逐渐地，逐步地grain n.谷物,谷粒,颗粒根据字母查看：以F开头的词组以G开头的词组以H开头的词组以I开头的词组以J开头的词组Hhand v. 递给handout n.分发head n. 首领, 头目headphone n. 耳机height n高度high-fat adj.高脂肪的highway n.高速公路honesty n. 诚实honor v. 纪念n. 荣耀;荣誉human-powered adj. 人力的根据字母查看：以F开头的词组以G开头的词组以H开头的词组以I开头的词组以J开头的词组Iice-covered adj. 冰封的;冰覆盖的improve vi.改善,提高include vt.包括,包含inexpensive a.廉价的injury n.损害,伤害,受伤处instruction n.命令,教学,教训intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的international a.国际的interview n.接见,会见,面谈introverted adj. (性格)内向的invite v. = attract 吸引item n. 提干，条款根据字母查看：以F开头的词组以G开头的词组以H开头的词组以I开头的词组以J开头的词组Jjourney n.旅行,旅程judge v. 判断。
潮词翻译汇总
潮词翻译汇总裸婚naked wedding灵魂伴侣soul mate精神出轨soul infidelity人肉搜索flesh search浪女dillydally girl剩女3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls山寨copycat异地恋long-distance relationship钻石王老五diamond bachelor时尚达人fashion icon御宅otaku偶像派idol type住房公积金housing funds个税起征点individual income tax threshold熟女cougar（源自电影Cougar Club）挑食者picky-eater伪球迷 fake fans团购group buying奉子成婚shotgun marriage婚前性行为premarital sex开博to open a blog家庭暴力family/domestic volience炫富flaunt wealth假发票fake invoice二房东middleman landlord生态补偿ecological compensation金砖四国BRIC countries笑料laughing stock房奴车奴mortgage slave毕业典礼commencement散伙饭farewell dinner毕业旅行after-graduation trip节能高效的fuel-efficient具有时效性的time-efficient死记硬背cramming很想赢be hungry for success面子工程face job招牌菜signature dishes非正常死亡excess death逃学play hooky, 装病不上班play hooky from work 一线城市first-tier cities高考the National College Entrance Examines录取分数线admission scores保障性住房indemnificatory housing囤积居奇hoarding and profiteering灰色市场Grey market反倾销anti-dumping经济二次探底double dip橙色预警orange signal warning 公关public relation人肉搜索flesh search廉租房low rent housing限价房capped-price housing经适房affordable housing替罪羔羊whipping boy对口支援partner assistance扫把星jinx贸易顺差trade surplus外汇储备foreign exchange reserve潮人：trendsetter发烧友：fancier骨感美女：boney beauty卡奴：card slave蹦迪：disco dancing达人big gun (还有许多种翻译)电脑游戏迷：gamer家庭主男：house-husband小白脸，吃软饭的：kept man二奶：kept woman麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen型男：metrosexual man（范指那些极度重视外貌而行为gay化的直男，型男属于其中的一种）新新人类：new-new generation另类：offbeat菜鸟：rookie驴友：tour pal娘娘腔：sissy负翁：spend-more-than-earn全职妈妈：stay-at-home mom电子书：e-book胎教：fetal education限时抢购：flash sale合租：flat-share期房：forward delivery housing团购：group purchase八卦，丑闻：kiss and tell水货：smuggled goods反腐败anti-corruption联合军演joint military drill财政赤字budget deficit婚外恋extramarital love; extramarital affair赞助费sponsorship fee抚恤金financial compensation，compensation payment 笨手笨脚have two left feet演艺圈Showbiz核遏制力nuclear deterrence试点，试运行on a trial basis婚检premarital check-up黑马black horse挥金如土spend money like water意外怀孕unplanned pregnancy人流artificial abortion operation避孕措施contraceptives武侠片martial arts film闪婚flash marriage。
英语词根fug
1.refuge ['refjuːdʒ]
1）re(回来)+fuge（逃走）—逃回来—避难所
ee 人，refugee [refjʊ'dʒiː]逃回来的人，难民。
2）movie name, from America or Thailand.
3）Refuge stairs 安全梯，太平梯
4）Be a refugee 逃难
5）International Refugee Organization, IRO.
联合国难民署，联合国难民事务高级专员办事处（英语：
for Refugees，又名UN Refugee Agency，缩写：UNHCR），日内瓦Geneva，switzerland.
2.Centrifuge ['sentrɪfjuːdʒ]
centri中心+fuge逃离——逃离中心——centrifuge离心机
离心机就是利用离心力使得需要分离的不同物料得到加速分离的机器。
3.febrifuge ['febrɪfjuːdʒ]
febri=fever, 逃避热，退烧剂
二．FUG阜阳西关机场三字代码
机场三字代码简称“三字代码”，由国际航空运输协会（IATA ,International Air Transport Association）制定。
国际航空运输协会（IATA）对世界上的国家、城市、机场、加入国际航空运输协会的航空公司制定了统一的编码。
在空运中以三个英文字母简写航空机场名。
CTU成都双流国际机场，上海浦东、虹桥国际机场PVG\SHA，首都国际机场PEK。
三字是IATA国际航空运输协会，四字是ICAO国际民用航空组织。
常用英文词汇
Aa(an) art.一，一个，每个；(同类事物中的)任何一个abandon n.放任v.放弃；抛弃；离弃abdomen n.腹（部）abide v.遵守，服从；承受；忍受ability n.能力，本领；才能，技能able adj.能(够)，会；能干的；聪明的abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的aboard adv.在船（飞机、车上）；上船（飞机、车）prep.在船（飞机、火车）上，上船（飞机、火车等）abolish v.废除；消除about prep.关于，对于，涉及；在…周围(附近)above prep.在…之上(上面)；(数目、价格等)大于；高于abroad adv.出国，在国外abrupt adj.突然的；出其不意的；陡峭的；（举止、言谈等）唐突的；鲁莽的absence n.缺席，不在；缺席的时间，外出期；缺乏，不存在absent adj.缺席的，不在的；缺乏的absolute adj.十足的；完全的，绝对的；专制的absorb vt. 吸收，汲取；吸引absorption n.吸收；专心abstract adj. 抽象的n. 摘要，梗概vt. 提练，取出absurd adj.愚蠢的；荒唐的abundance n.充裕，丰富abundant adj.大量的，充足的；丰富的，富裕的abuse v.辱骂；滥用；虐待n. 辱骂；滥用；虐待academic adj.院校的；学术的；纯理论的academy n.学院，大学，研究院accelerate v.加速；促进accent n.重音；口音accept v.承认；接受acceptable adj.可接受的；受欢迎的acceptance n. 接受；赞同，承认access n.进入；接近（或进入、享用）的机会；通道accessory adj.附属的n.附件accident n.故事；意外事件accidental adj.意外的；偶然的accommodate v.容纳；向…提供；使适应，顺应accommodation(s) n.住宿accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴；为…伴奏；伴随，和…一起发生accomplish vt.完成；做成功accordance n.一致；依照，依据according(to) prep.根据…，按照；据…所说，按…所载accordingly adv. 因此；相应地account n. 账（目，户）；叙述，说明vi. 说明，解释（原因等）accumulate v. 堆积；积累；积聚accuracy n.准确（性）；精确（性）accurate adj.准确的，精确的；正确无误的accuse v. 控告；指责accustom v.使习惯accustomed adj.习惯的ache n. & v.疼痛achieve v.实现，完成；达到，得到acid adj. 酸的，酸味的；尖刻的，刻薄的n. 酸，酸性物质acknowledge vt.承认；接受；答谢，鸣谢；表示注意到acquaint v.使认识；使了解acquaintance n.相识的人，熟人；相识；熟悉acquire v. 取得，得到；学到acquisition n.获得；得到的东西或人acre n.英亩；土地，耕地，地产；大量acrobat n.杂技演员；立场观点善变的人across prep.横穿，穿过；在…对面act n.行为，做事v. 扮演，行动，起作用action n.行动；行为；作用activate v.使活动起来；使开始起作用active adj.积极的，活跃的，起作用的，主动的activity n.活动；活跃，能动性actor n.男演员actress n.女演员actual adj.实际的，真实的，事实上的acute adj.严重的；尖锐的，敏锐的；剧烈的，厉害的AD(=A.D.) 公元ad(=advertisement) n.广告adapt v.（使）适应，适合；改编，改写adaptation n.改编本；改编，改写；适应BCcabbage n.卷心菜，洋白菜cabin n.船舱，机舱；小屋cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁，全体阁员cable n.缆，索，钢丝绳；电缆；（海底）电报；发（海底）电报cafe n.咖啡馆，小餐厅cafeteria n.自助餐馆cage n.笼子cake n. 糕，饼，蛋糕calculate v.计算；核算；预测calendar n.日历；历法call v.叫喊；打电话给…；称呼，把…叫做n.电话，通话；叫喊call for 叫…来；去取，来取，去接；要求；需要calm adj.平静的；镇定的v.（使）安静，（使）镇定camel n. 骆驼camera n.照相机，摄影机camp n.野营，营地；拘留营v.宿营campaign n. 运动；战役v. 搞运动，参加运动；竞选campus n.（大学）校园can n.容器；听，罐头vt. (把食品)装罐Canada n.加拿大Canadian adj.加拿大（人）的n.加拿大人canal n.运河cancel v.取消；删去；抵消cancer n.癌症；肿瘤candidate n.候选人；投考者；有希望的人选candle n.蜡烛candy n.糖果；密cannon n. 大炮v. 开炮canoe n. 划子；独木舟v. 划独木舟canteen n.（工厂、学校等的）食堂canvass(=canvas) n.帆布；油画布，油画cap n.帽子，便帽capable adj.有能力的；可容纳的capacity n.容积，容量；能力，才能；地位，职位capital n.首都，首府；资本，资金adj.大写的Ddad n.爸爸daily adj.每日的adv.每日，天天n.日报dairy n.牛奶场，奶品场；奶制品dam n.水闸，水坝，堤v.筑坝；堵住，阻塞；抑制，控制damage n.损害，破坏；（常用复）赔偿金v.损害，毁坏，破坏damp adj.潮湿的，有湿气的n. 潮湿，湿气dance vi.跳舞n.舞蹈；舞会danger n.危险；危险物，威胁in danger 处于危险中dangerous adj.危险的，不安全的dare v.敢，敢做；激，向…挑战daring adj.大胆的dark adj.黑暗的；深色的；秘密的n.黑暗，暗处darling adj.心爱的；宠爱的n.心爱的人，宠儿dart n.标枪，镖；（昆虫的）刺；飞快的动作v.飞奔；投掷dash n.少量（搀加物）；[单]冲撞；破折号；锐气，精力，干劲v.猛掷；冲撞；使破灭；使沮丧Eeach adj.各自的，每pron.每个，各自Ffable n.寓言；神话fabric n.织品，织物；结构，构造fabricate v.建造，制造；捏造，编造（谎言、借口等）face n.脸；面face to face 面对面make a face 做鬼脸facilitate v.使变得（更）容易，使便利；促进，助长facility n.容易，便利；敏捷，灵巧，熟练；[复]设备，工具fact n.事实，实情，真相as a matter of fact其实，实际上in fact实际上factor n.因素；要素factory n.工厂，制造厂faculty n.才能，能力；系，学院；全体教学人员fade v.（声音等）减弱下去；枯萎，调谢；（使）褪色Fahrenheit n. & adj.华氏温度计（的）fail v.不及格；失败；（健康等）衰退；不能（达到）failure n.失败；失败的人或事；缺乏，不足；故障，失灵；不履行，没做到faint adj.虚弱的，微弱的；暗淡的，模糊的n.昏晕；昏倒v.昏晕，昏倒；变得微弱，变得没气力fair adj.公平的，按规则进行的；尚可的，相当大的；（肤色）白皙的adv.公平地；清楚地n.定期集市fairly adv.公正地，公平地；相当，尚可，还faith n.信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条；忠实，诚意，承诺faithful adj.守信的；忠实的；可靠的fall v.落下；跌倒n.(美语)秋季；落下；跌倒fall asleep 入睡，睡着fall ill 得病false adj.错误的，不真实的；不忠实的，无信义的；伪造的，假的adv.错误地fame n.名声；名望familiar adj.熟悉的，通晓的，常见的；随便的，不拘泥形式的；冒昧的，放肆的family n.家庭；子女famine n.饥荒famous adj.著名的fan n.扇子，风扇；迷，狂热者，爱好者fancy adj.奇特的，异样的；特选的，特制的，高档的n.爱好，迷恋v.想象；认为；爱好fantastic(al) adj.幻想的；奇异的；稀奇古怪的far adj. & adv.远的（地）far away 遥远，（离…）很远far from 远离，远非so far迄今为止fare n.车费；伙食v.遭遇；过活；进展farewell adj.告别的；送行的；离别的int.再会；再会n.辞别，告别辞farm n.农场farmer n.农民，农场主，牧场主farther adj.更远的；进一步的adv.更远地；更进一步地fascinate v.使着迷；使神魂颠倒；吸引fashion n.时新式样，流行款式；[单]方式，样子；时尚；时兴fashionable adj.流行的；时髦的fast adj. & adv.快的（地）fasten v.扎牢，系牢fat adj.肥的，多脂肪的，肥胖的；饱满的，丰厚的Ggage(=gauge) n.标准度量；测量仪器；评估；口径v.精确计量；估计gain v.获得；增加，进展；（钟表等）走快；受益n.增加；（常用复）收益galaxy n.银河，银河系；一群显赫的人或物gallery n.走廓，长廊；美术陈列室，画廊；（戏院中）最高的楼座gallon n.加仑gallop n. & v.（马等的）飞跑，疾驰；飞速发展gamble v. & n .赌博；投机，冒险game n.游戏；运动gang n.[集合名词]（一）伙，（一）群；一帮（歹徒）v.成群结伙地攻击；分成班或组，组成帮gaol(=jail)n.监狱；（不加冠词）监禁vt.使…坐牢gap n.缺口，裂口；空隙；中断；差距，差异garage n.汽车库；汽车修理厂garbage n.垃圾，废物；无用的或无意义的东西garden n.花园garment n.衣服；外衣gas n.气体；煤气；毒气；汽油gaseous adj.气体的；气态的gasoline(=gasolene) n.汽油gasp n.喘息；气喘v.喘息；气喘gate n.大门；门gather v.集合，聚集；收集；逐渐增加；猜想n.集合，聚集gathering n.聚集；集会gay adj.快乐的，欢快的；艳丽的n.（美俚）同性恋者gaze n.[常单]凝视Hhabit n.习惯，习性habitual adj.习惯的；惯常的hail n.[单]冰雹；（雹子般的）一阵v.向…欢呼，为…喝彩，吹呼认可；使象下雹样落下，猛发hair n.头发，毛发haircut n.理发；（尤指男子）发式half n.半，一半adj.一半的adv.一半地hall n.会堂，礼堂，大厅；门厅；办公楼halt n.停止；暂停；中断v.使（停止）；（使）立定ham n.火腿；（兽类的）后腿hamburger n.汉堡包hammer n.锤子，榔头hamper v.妨碍；牵制hand n.手v.交出；传递handbook n.手册；指南handful n.一把；少数handicap n.障碍；不利条件v.妨碍；使不利；阻碍handkerchief n.方帕；方巾handle n.柄；把手v.触摸，拿；经销，买卖；处理，应付，控制；操作handout n.散发的文字材料；救济品handsome adj.（男子）漂亮的，英俊的；（女子）端庄健美的，（体态、形体）好看的handwriting n.笔迹；书法handy adj.手边的，就近的，便利的；灵巧的，手巧的；有用的，方便的；易于使用或操作的hang(hung, hung; hanged, hanged)n.悬挂；暂停v.悬挂，吊，垂下；吊死happen v.发生；（后接不定式）碰巧，恰好happiness n.幸福；快乐happy adj.幸福的，愉快的，恰当的harbo(u)r n.海港，港口；<喻>避难听；藏身处hard adj.困难的，坚固的adv.努力地，艰苦地harden v.（使）变硬；（使）坚强；（使）冷酷hardly adv.几乎不hardship n.困苦；艰难；辛苦hardware n.五金器具（电脑的）硬件hard-working adj.努力工作的，勤勉的hare n.野兔harm n.伤害；损害v.伤害；损害harmful adj.有害的harmony n.融洽；一致；和谐，协调harness v.利用，治理harvest n.收获，收割；收成；结果v.收获，收割has v.有（第三人称单数一般现在时）haste n.匆忙；急忙hasten v.催促，使赶紧；赶快，赶紧hasty adj.急速的，匆忙的；草率的，轻率的hat n.帽子，一般指有边的帽子hatch v.孵，孵出；策划，图谋hate v.憎恨；不愿n.憎恨，厌恶hateful adj.可恨的；讨厌的；可恶的hatred n.憎恨；敌意；仇恨haul n.拖；拉；运输；一网捕获的量，捕获物v.拖，拉；改变方向；改变主意have(had, had) v.有have a cold 患感冒have a good time 玩得开心have a meeting/match/rest 开会/比赛/休息have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭II pron.我ice n.冰；冰块ice-cream n.冰淇淋icy adj.冰的，多冰的，冰封的；冰冷的，似冰的；冷淡的，不友好的idea n.思想；概念；主意ideal adj.理想的；完美n.理想；[单]典范，理想的事物或人identical adj.同一的，同样的identification n.识别，辨认，验明，证明identify v.识别，鉴别；认为等同于，使相等；同情，理解idiom n.成语；方言；土语；习惯用语idle adj.空闲的；懒惰的；闲置的；无价值的，无用的v.不做事，游手好闲；（机器）空转；虚度，浪费i.e. abbr.也就是if conj.如果，假如；是否ignite v.点火，点燃；激起ignorance n.无知；不知ignorant adj.无知的ignore v.不理睬；忽视ill adj.病的，生病的illegal adj.违法的，非法的；犯规的illiterate adj.不识字的，没受教育的n.文盲illness n.病，疾病illuminate v.照明，照亮；阐明，说明；启蒙，启发；使灿烂，以灯火装饰（街道等）llustrate v.举例说明；图解，加插图于；阐明illustration n.说明，例证；图表，插图image n.图像，电视图像；肖像，映像；想象的人或物；象征，化身imaginary adj.想象出来的，假想的imagination n.想象；想象力imaginative adj.虚拟的，幻想的；富于想象力的imagine v.想象，设想；猜想，认为imitate vt.模仿，仿造，伪造imitation n.模仿，效法；赝品，仿造物immediate adj.立即的，即刻的；直接的，最接近的immense adj.极广大的；巨大的immerse v.使浸没；使沉浸在，使专心于immigrant adj.（从外国）移来的；移民的；移居的n.移民；侨民immune adj.免除的，豁免的；可防止的，不受影响的；免疫的，有免疫力的impact n.影响，效果；碰撞，冲击；冲击力impair v.削弱，减少；损害，损伤impartial adj.公平的；不偏不倚的impatient adj.不耐烦的，烦躁的；渴望的，急切的；恼火的，不能容忍的imperialism n.帝国主义impetus n.推动（力），促进implement n.工具，器具，用具v.实施，执行，贯彻implication n.含意；暗示implicit adj.含蓄的；固有的，内含的；无疑问的，绝对的imply v.暗示；意味import v.输入；进口；引进n.进口，输入；[常复]进口商品，输入物；意思，含义Jjacket n.上衣；茄克jam n.果酱；拥挤，堵塞；困境，窘境January n.一月Japan n.日本Japanese n. & adj.日本人（的）；日语（的）jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶jargon n.行话，黑话，隐语；难懂的话，英名其妙的话；南腔北调的混杂语jaw n.颚，颌；[复]下巴jazz n.爵士乐，爵士舞jealous adj.妒忌的，嫉妒的；猜疑的；警惕的；注意的，珍惜的jealousy n.嫉妒jet n.喷射，喷注；喷口，喷嘴；喷气式飞机v.喷射；乘坐喷汽式飞机jewel n.宝石jewelry(=jewellery) n.珠宝；珠宝饰物Jewish adj.犹太人的；犹太族的job n.工作jog v.轻推；（使）蹒跚行进；（使）慢跑；唤起，提醒join v.加入；连接；联合join in 参加，同…一起join up连接；入伍；加入joint adj.共同的，联合的；连接的；合办的n.接缝，接合处，接合点；关节；（牛、羊等的腿）大块肉Kkeen adj.锋利的；敏锐的；热心的，渴望的keep(kept, kept) v.保持，留住；饲养；照顾keep on doing sth.继续做某事kerosene(=kerosine) n.煤油，火油kettle n.水壶key n.钥匙keyboard n.键盘kick v.踢kid n.小孩；小山羊v.哄骗，欺骗；取笑，开玩笑kidnap vt.绑架；拐骗kidney n.肾脏；（食用的）腰子；（正式）性格，脾气；种类kill v.杀死，致死；扼杀，毁灭；消磨（时间）kilo(=kilogram(me),kilometer) n.千克；公里kilometer(=kilometer) n.千米，公里kilowatt n.[电]千瓦（特）kind n.种类adj.和善的，友善的a kind of 一种，一类all kinds of 各种各样的kindergarten n.幼儿园adj.幼儿园的，初级的kindness n.仁慈，亲切；好意，善意king n.国王，君主；（某界）大王，巨子kingdom n.王国，领域kiss v.吻；轻拂n.吻；（风，浪等）拂kitchen n.厨房kite n.风筝knee n.膝，膝盖kneel vi.跪下knife ([pl.]knives) n.刀，匕首knit v.编织，编结；[常用过去分词]使坚实，使紧密结合knob n.（门、抽屉的）球形把手，球形柄，门把；（收音机等的）旋钮；小块knock n.击，打v.敲，击，打knock at 敲knock into sb. 偶然遇见某人know (knew, known) v.知道，了解，认识（某人），熟悉；精通knowledge n.知识，学问Llab(=laboratory) n.实验室，研究室label n.标签，签条；商标；标志v.贴标签于；把…称作labo（u）r n.劳动；劳工，工人lace n.饰带，花边；缎带，鞋带lack v.缺乏，缺少，不足Mmachine n.机器machinery n.[总称]机器，机械；机关，机构macroscopic adj.肉眼可见的；宏观的mad adj.疯的，精神错乱的；狂怒；狂热的madam(=madame) n.女士；夫人，太太magazine n.杂志，期刊magic n.魔法，巫术；戏法，魔术；魅力，魔力magician n.魔术师；魔术师magnet n.磁体，磁铁；有吸引力的人或物magnetic adj.磁的，有磁性（或磁力）的；有吸引力的；有魅力的magnetism n.磁；磁力，吸引力；磁学magnificent adj.华丽的，宏伟的；高尚的；最好的；豪华的magnify v.放大，扩大；夸大，夸张magnitude n.大小；数量；巨大，广大；重要性；（恒星的）等级maid n.少女，女仆，处女mail n. 邮政；邮件mailbox n.邮筒，邮箱，信箱main adj.主要的，最重要的mainland n.[单]大陆mainly adv.大体上；主要地maintain v.维持，继续；维修，保养；主张；维护；赡养，供给；支持maintenance n.维持，保持；维修，保养；坚持，主张；生活资料（或费用）；抚养费major adj.（数量、程度、价值）较大的；主要的n.少校v.主修majority n.多数，大多数make(made, made) v.做，制作；使得；整理；总计n.（产品的）牌子，类型be made from 由…制成be made in …制造be made of 由…制成make a mistake 出差错 make a noise 发出噪音makeup n.组成，构造；性格，体格；化妆（品）male adj.男的，雄的malfunction v.发生功能障碍，发生障碍n.故障，机能不良；疾病maltreat v.粗暴地对待，虐待；误用，滥用man（[pl.] men）n.男人；人类manage v.管理，经营，处理；控制；设法做到management n.经营manager n.经理；负责人manifest adj.显然的，明了的v.显示，表明；证明，证实；表露，显露manipulate v.（熟练地）操作；巧妙地处理；（尤指用权势或不正当手段）操纵，控制mankind n.（用作单或复数）人类；男性，男子manly adj.男子气概的；果断的；雄赳赳的manner n.[复]礼貌，礼节；风俗，习俗；[单]风格；方式，样式；举止，行为manual adj.手动的,手工的；体力的n.手册；，指南manufacture n.制造，制造业；[复]产品manuscript n.手稿，原稿many(more, most) adj.许多的，多的a good/great many 很多map n.地图marble adj.大理石的；冷酷无情的，坚硬的；光滑的n.大理石march v.进军，行军；行进，（快步）行走；游行示威 n.行军，进军；进行曲margin n.页边的空白；边缘；极限；余域，余地；盈余，利润marginal adj.记在页边的，有旁注的；边缘的；边际的，（货物）仅能获得薄利的，最低限度的；微量的，少量的marine adj.海的，海生的，海产的；海上的，海事的，船用的n.（全国的）船舶，船运业；水兵，海军击战队。
外文文献翻译
葡萄籽原花青素具有高脂饮食大鼠的正确血脂异常和抑制基因控制脂肪生成和VLDL组装在肝脏摘要：以确定原花青素是否可以防止高血脂诱发的高脂饮食（HFD ），并处理所依据本降血脂作用的机制。
设计和测量：雌性Wistar大鼠喂以高脂饮食13周。
它们被分成两组，其中一用葡萄籽原花青素（体重25mgkg 1）10天处理。
血浆及肝脏脂质采用比色法和重量分析法测定。
肝脏，肌肉和脂肪组织被用来研究通过实时RT -PCR所涉及的合成和脂肪酸和脂蛋白动态平衡氧化基因的表达。
结果：原花青素标准化血浆甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的管理（这两个参数与HFD ）显著增加，但呈下降趋势，高胆固醇血症和脂肪肝。
基因表达分析表明，原花青素抑制的脂肪生成的肝关键调节两者的表达极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）的组装如SREBP1 ，MTP和DGAT2 ，所有这些由HFD被过表达。
结论：这些结果表明，天然原花青素改善与HFDs相关的血脂异常症，主要是由抑制脂肪生成和VLDL组装在肝脏，而支持这一想法，他们是强大的药物用于预防和治疗脂质代谢改变状态。
简介高甘油三酯血症是动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病（CVD ）的一个强有力的预测。
同时在代谢综合征和2型糖尿病，高甘油三酯血症是极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）的血浆浓度增加的结果。
这种增加是VLDL的生产过剩的结果经肝脏代谢，和这些脂蛋白的可能的延迟的分解代谢，引起胰岛素抵抗。
反过来，升高的VLDL和甘油三酯降低高密度脂蛋白（HDL）的水平，并产生小而密低密度脂蛋白（LDL）由于脂质交换。
高血清甘油三酯（TG ）水平，低血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL -C）水平和小而密LDL颗粒的优势是通常发生在代谢综合征的血脂异常的“动脉粥样硬化的脂质特里亚达”特性。
还已经表明，这一事实心血管风险指标是低级在谁减肥可以紧密连接中的VLDL分泌减少由肝肥胖患者上。
黄烷-3 - 醇类和它们的低聚缩合产物，原花青素（PA），是在美国饮食黄酮的最常见的组。
f开头的100个单词及中文翻译
f开头的100个单词及中文翻译1 Fabian a. 费边式的,拖延时间的,2 fable n.寓言；虚构的故事3 fabric n.织物，纺织品；结构4 fabricate vt.制作，组合；捏造5 fabrication n.制作，构成；捏造6 fabulous adj. 难以置信的，寓言里的7 facade n. 建筑物的正面，外表8 face n.脸9 faced adj. 脸的10 faces 脸11 facet n. 面；方面12 facetious adj. 轻浮的，好开玩笑的13 facial n. 美颜术,脸部按摩术14 facile adj. 容易做的，肤浅的15 facilitate vt. 促进；使容易；助长；使便利，有助于v. 使便利，使容易；帮助16 facilities n. (使事情便利的)设备，工具17 facility n.设备；容易；便利18 facing n. 贴边,饰面19 facsimile n. 复制本，摹本20 fact n.事实；实际21 faction n.派别，宗派，小集团22 factious adj. 有派性的，偏见的23 factitious adj. 人为的，不真实的24 factor n.因素；因子，系数25 factorage 代理业26 factories 工厂27 factoring 代理经营，代理融通；融资28 factory n.工厂，制造厂29 factotum n. 杂役，听差30 factual a. 事实的，现实的；实际的，事实上的31 facultative 任意的，临时的；临垢32 faculty n.才能，能力；系，科33 fad n. (流行一时的)狂热，时尚34 faddish adj. 流行一时的，时尚的35 fade vi.褪色；逐渐消失36 faeces n. 粪；排泄物，渣滓37 faery n. 仙子,仙境38 fag v. 苦干n. 苦工39 faggot n. 柴把,束薪40 fagot n. 柴把,束薪41 Fahrenheit n.华氏温度计42 fail vi.失败43 failing n. 失败,缺点,过失44 failure n.失败；失败的人45 fain adj. 欣然地；乐意地；ad. 宁愿；乐意的46 faint adj.暗淡的；微弱的47 faintly ad. 微微地；不明显的；微弱地，软弱无力的48 fair adj.(头发)金色的49 fairly ad.相当；公平地50 fairness n. 晴朗,光明正大,美丽51 fairy adj.幻想中的，虚构的52 fairyland n. 仙境53 fait 证书，契据54 faith n.信任，信心；信仰55 faithful a.忠诚的；如实的56 faithfully adv. 忠诚地；诚恳地；忠实地57 faithfulness n. 忠诚,诚实,正确58 faithless a. 无信的,不忠实的59 fake n.假货，膺品 a.假的60 fakir n. 托钵僧，骗子61 falchion n. 刀,剑62 falcon n. 猎鹰63 falconer n. 以鹰狩猎者,放鹰者,养鹰者64 falconry n. 放鹰捕猎,养鹰术65 fall n.&vi.落下；跌倒66 fallacious adj. 欺骗的，谬误的67 fallacy n. 谬误，错误68 fallen fall 的过去分词；落下69 fallible adj. 会犯错的，易犯错的70 fallow n./adj. 休闲地，休闲的71 false a.不真实的；伪造的72 falsehood n. 谎言,虚假73 falseness n. 虚伪,不正确,不忠实74 falsification n. 窜改75 falsify v. 窜改，说谎76 falsity n. 虚伪,错误77 falter vt. 支吾地说,迟疑78 fame n.名声，名望79 famed a. 著名的80 familiar a.熟悉的；冒昧的81 familiarity n. 精通，亲近，不拘礼仪82 familiarize vt. 使熟悉,使熟知,使通俗化83 family n.家，家庭84 famine n.饥荒；严重的缺乏85 famish v. 使饥饿86 famished adj. 极饥饿的；非常饥饿的87 famous adj.著名的88 fan n.扇子89 fanatic adj. 狂热的，盲信的n. 狂热者90 fanatical a. 狂热的；入迷的91 fanaticism n. 狂热盲信92 fancied adj. 想象的；幻想的93 fancier n. 爱好者94 fanciful a. 奇怪的,稀奇的,想像的95 fancy n.想象力；设想；爱好96 fane n. 寺院,神庙97 fanfare n. 夸耀，嘹亮的喇叭声98 fang n. (毒蛇的)尖牙99 fantasia n. 幻想曲，组合乐曲100 fantastic a.空想的；奇异的。
音译外来词
民族之间的贸易往来,文化交流,移民杂居,战争征服等各种形态的接触,都会引起语言的接触。
语言的接触有不同类型,其中最常见的是词的借用。
改革开放以后,我国加强了与外界的接触,海外的新文化、新思想、新科技、新产品如潮水般地涌如入中国大陆，随之，指称这些新事物、新概念的新词语作为外来词大量进入如现代汉语。
外来词的出现并非现在所独有，汉代就已经出现，如“葡萄、石榴、苜蓿、狮子、玻璃”等就是汉代从西域借入的，之后各个朝代陆续有所借用。
借词的特点，语言学家已经早已有了定论，比如常见的几种借词的构成方法为：音译、音译兼意译、音译加意译、意译加汉语语素、借行、直接使用原文。
改革开放以前，汉语对外语的借用比较慎重，直截使用原文的较少；改革开放以后，由于这场最伟大、最深刻的社会变革，给中国带来了翻天覆地的变化，社会发展的进程加快了，因此，外来词的涌入也有了新的特点，这就是直截使用外语原文的多了，与其他方式有相匹敌的趋势。
下面是笔者搜集的，近年来在各种报刊杂志和社会用语中使用频率较高的部分借词：NBA （美国职业篮球赛缩写）AC米兰队（意大利一支著名的足球队）BASIC语言（英语“初学者通用符号指令码”的缩写）BP机（英语beeper的缩写，寻呼机）CD （英语compact disc的缩写,激光唱片）CT （英语“计算机X射线断层扫摄影”的缩写）VCD （英语video compact disc的缩写，激光视盘）DNA （英语“脱氧核糖核酸”的缩写）DOS （英语“磁盘操作系统”的缩写）IQ （英语“智力商数”的缩写）OK （英语“好”）卡拉OK（一种源于日本的电子图文伴唱娱乐方式）TOEFL （英语“作为外语的英语测试”的缩略词）XO （一种法国名酒）W.C （英语“盥洗室”的缩略语）A.B.C （英语“基础入门”之意）UFO （英语“不明飞行物”的缩略语）T 恤衫（短袖圆领男汗衫）MTV （英语music television的缩略语，音乐电视）AA制（聚餐时平摊或各付各帐的方法）AB制（剧团排演某剧，主角常由两个人扮演的方法）B超（B型超声波的缩写）CPU （英语“计算机中央处理器”的缩写）ISO （英语“国际标准化组织”的缩写）KTV （演艺或餐饮场所的卡拉OK包厢）OA （英语“办公自动化”的缩写）PH值（法语“氢氧离子浓度指数”的缩写）SOS （国际通用船、飞机呼救信号）SOS儿童村（专门收养孤儿的慈善机构）X射线（即伦琴射线）K金（成色较低，主要用来做首饰的黄金）0157 （出血性大肠肝菌病）（以上为直用原文型）克隆：英语CLONE的音译，无性系的意思。
(完整版)人教版高中英语单词表(含音标)(2)
必修 1Unit 1add up 合upset [?p?set] adj. 心意乱的；不安的；不适的。
vt. (upset, upset) 使不安；使心ignore [ig?n?:] vt.不搭理；忽calm [kɑ :m] vt. & vi. （使）沉静；（使）定。
adj. 沉静的；静的；沉稳的calm( ⋯ )down （使）沉静下来；（使）定下来have got to 不得不；必concern [k?n?s?:n] vt. （使）担；波及；关系到。
n. 担忧；关注；（利害）关系be concerned about 关怀；牵挂walk the dog 遛狗loose [lu:s] adj. 松的；松开的go through [θ ru:] ；受Netherlands [?nee?m?ust] n. 荷（西欧国家）German [?d??:m?n] adj. 德国的；德国人的；德的。
n．德国人；德 setdown 下；放下；登series[?si?ri:z] n. ；系列a series of 一串的；一系列；一套outdoors [?aut?d?:z] adv.在外 ;在野外on purpose [?p?:p?s] 成心in order to了⋯⋯dusk [d?sk] n. 傍晚；夜晚at dusk 在傍晚刻thunder [?θ?nd?] vi. 打雷；雷n．雷；雷声entire [in?tai?] adj. 整个的；完整的；所有的entirely [in?tai?li] adv. 完整地；全然地；整个地power [?pau?] n. 能力；力量；力face to face 面面地curtain [?k?:t?n] n. 窗帘；帘；幕布dusty [?d?sti] adj. 灰的No longer/not ⋯ any longer不再⋯⋯partner [?pɑ :tn?] n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人settle [?setl] vi. 安家；定居；逗留vt. 使定居；安排；解决suffer [?s?f?] vt. & vi. 遭到；忍耐； suffer from 遭到；患病highway [?haiwei] n. 公路；大路recover [ri?k?v?] vi. & vt. 康复；恢复；从头得get/be tired ?tai?d] of ⋯⋯pack [p?k ] vi. & vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李n. 小包；包裹pack (sth) up 将（西）装箱打包suitcase[?su:tkeis] n. 手提箱；衣箱Overcoat [??uv?k?ut] n. 大衣；外套teenager[?ti:neid??] n. 十几的青少年get along [??l??] with 与⋯⋯相；展fall in love相；上exactly [ig?z?ktli ] adv. 确这样；正是；切实地disagree [?dis??gri:] vi. 不一样意grateful [?greitful] adj. 感谢的；表示意的dislike [dis?laik] n. & vt.不喜；join [d??in] in 参加；加入tip [tip] n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小 vt. 斜；翻倒swap [sw?p] vt. 交item [?ait?m] n. 目；条款Unit 2△subway [?s?bwei] n. 地下人行道； <美 >地elevator [?eliveit?] n. 梯；起落机petrol [?petr?l] n. <英>汽油（ =< 美>gasoline）gas [g?s] n. 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气 official [??fi??l] adj. 官方的；正式的；公的 voyage[?v?i-id ?] n. 航行；航海△c onquer [?k??k?] vt. 征服；占because [bi?k?z] of 因；因为 native[?neitiv] adj. 本国的；当地的n.当地人；本国人△Amy n. 艾米（女名） comeup 走近；上来；提出apartment [??pɑ :tm?nt] n. <美> 公寓住所；元住宅actually [??kt ?u?li ] adv.上 ;事上AD 公元base [beis] vt. 以⋯⋯依据n.基部；基地；基atpresent [pri?zent] 在；目前 gradual[?gr?d ?u?l]adj. 逐的；逐渐的gradually adv. 逐地；逐渐地 Danish[?deini?] n. 丹麦adj. 丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦的△e nrich [in?rit?] vt.使富饶 ; 充；改良 vocabulary [v??k?bjul ?ri] n. ；量；表△S hakespeare 莎士比（英国作家，人） make use of 利用；使用spelling [?speli?] n. 拼写；拼法△Samuel Johnson 塞· 翰（英国作家，批家）△Noah Webster 厄· 伯斯特（美国典纂家）latter [?l?t ?] adj. 后的；后半的；（二者中）后者的identity [ai?dentiti] n. 自己；本体；身份 fluent[?flu:?nt] adj. 流畅的；流的 fluently adv. 流畅地；流地 Singapore[,si?g?,p?:] n. 新加坡（南国家）Malaysia [m??lei] n. 来西（南国家）；来群such as 比如⋯⋯；像种的frequent ?fri:kw ?nt] adj.繁的 ;常的frequently [?fri:kw ?ntli ] adv. 经常；繁地usage[?ju:sid?] n. 使用；用法；用法command [k??mɑ :nd] n.& vt. 命令；指令；掌握request [ri?kwest] n. & vt. 求 ;要求△dialect [?dai?lekt] n. 方言expression [ik?spre??n] n. ；表示；表达midwestern ['mid'west?n] adj. 中西部的有中西部特征的African [??frik ?n] adj. 非洲的；非洲人的；非洲言的Spanish [?sp?ni?] adj. 西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙的n．西班牙人；西班牙play a part (in) 饰演一个角色；参加 eastern[?i:st?n] adj. 方的；部的 southeastern[sauθ 'i:st?n] adj.南方的；来自南的northwestern [?n?: θ ?west?n] adj. 西北方的；来自西北的recognize [?rek?gnaiz] vt. 辨出；承；公 lorry[?l?ri] n. <英>卡（ =<美>truck）△Lori n. （女名）△Houston [?hju:st?n] n. 休斯（美国城市）△Texas['teks?s] n. 德克斯州（美国州名）accent [??ks?nt] n. 口音；腔；重音△Buford n. 布福德（姓氏；男名）△Lester n. 莱斯特（姓；男名）△catfish ['k?tfi ?] n.lightning [?laitni?] n. straight[streit] adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直的；笔挺的；正直的block [bl?k] n. 街区；；木；石cab[k?b ] n. 出租Unit 3journal[ ?d??:n?l] n. 日；志；按期刊物transport [?tr?nsp?:t] n. 运送；运vt. 运；运送prefer [ pri?f?:] vt. 更喜；某事物（而不其余事物）disadvantage[ ?dis?d?vɑ :ntid?] n. 不利条件；不便之fare [f??] n. 用△r oute [ ru:t] n. 路；路程△M ekong ['mei'k??] n. 湄公河flow [fl ?u] vi. 流；流出n. 流；流量ever since 从那此后persuade [p??sweid] vt. 服； cycle[?saik?l] vi. 自行 graduate[?gr?djueit ] vi.n.大学生finally [?fain?li] adv. 最后；于schedule [??edju:l] n. 表；度表vt. 某事安排fond [f?nd] adj. 喜的；慈的；的 be fondof 喜；喜shortcoming [???:t?k?mi?] n. 弊端stubborn [?st?b?n] adj.固的；固的organize [??:g?naiz] vt. ；成立 careabout 关怀；；念△d etail [?di:teil] n. ；情△s ource [s?:s] n. 本源；水源determine [di?t?:min] vt. 决定；确立；下定信心determined [di?t?:mind] adj. 决的；有信心的change one ’ s mind改想法journey [?d??:ni] n. 旅行；旅途altitude [??ltitju:d ] n. 海拔高度 ;高make up one ’ s mind下信心；决定give in 投诚；折服；步△a tlas [??tl ?s] n. 地；地集△g lacier [?gl?si ?] n. 冰河；冰川△T ibetan [ti'bet?n] adj. 西藏的；藏族的；藏族人的n. （西）藏；西藏人；藏族人△r apids [?r?pid ] n. 急流valley [?v?li ] n.（山）谷；流域△w aterfall [?w?:t?f?:l] n. 瀑布pace [peis] vi. 慢而行；踱步n.一步；速度；步bend [bend] n. 弯；拐角vt. (bent, bent) 使曲折vi.弯身；哈腰△m eander[mi??nd?] n. （指河流等）曲折慢流△d elta [?delt?] n. 三角洲 attitude[??titju:d ] n. 度；见解△Q omolangma n. 珠穆朗峰boil [b?il ] vi.（指液体）沸；（水）开forecast [?f?:kɑ :st] n.& vt.； parcel[?pɑ :sl] n. 小包；包裹insurance[in??u?r?ns] n. 保wool [wul] n. 羊毛；毛品 asusual [?ju:?u?l] 照旧reliable [ri?lai?bl]adj.可信的 ;靠谱的view [vju:] n. 景；野；点；解vt. 看；注；考△yak [j?k ] n. 牛pillow [?pil?u] n. 枕；枕 midnight[?midnait] n. 子夜；子夜 atmidnight 在子夜flame [fleim ] n. 火焰；光辉；情beneath[bi?ni: ] θprep. 在⋯⋯下边△Laos [lauz] n. 老（南国家）△Laotian [lei'?u??n] n. 老人adj.老（人）的temple [?temp?l] n. 宇；寺cave [keiv] n. 洞窟；地窖Unit 4earthquake[??: θ kweik] n. 地震quake [kwek] n. 地震 (非正式用 )right away [??wei] 马上；上 well[wel] n. 井△crack [kr?k ] n. 裂；声vt. & vi. （使）开裂；破碎△smelly [?smeli] adj.臭的；有臭味的△farmyard [?fɑ:mj ɑ]:dn. ；家pipe [paip] n. 管；管burst [b?:st] vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆n. 忽然破碎；爆million [?milj ?n] n. 百万event [i?vent] n. 事件；大事as if 忧如；仿佛at an end 束；nation [?nei??n] n. 民族；国家；公民canal [k??n?l ] n. 运河；水道 steam[sti:m] n. 蒸汽；水汽dirt [d?:t] n. 垢；泥土 ruin[?ru(:)in] n. 墟；vt. ；使破in ruins 重受；破不堪 suffering[ ?s?f?ri?] n. 苦；难过 extreme[ik?stri:m] adj. 极度的 injure[?ind??] vt. 害；害△survivor [s??vaiv?] n. 幸存者；生者；残余物destroy [di?str?] vt. 损坏；坏；消brick [brik] n. ； dam[d?m ] n. 水；堰堤track [tr?k ] n. 道；踪迹；印迹useless[?ju:sl?s] adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的shock [??k] vt. & vi. （使）震撼；震n. 休克；打；震撼rescue [?reskju:] n. & vt. 援救；救trap [tr?p ] vt. 使堕入窘境n.圈套；窘境electricity [i?lek?trisiti] n. ；流；学disaster [di?z ɑ :st?] n. 灾；灾dig out掘出；bury [?beri] vt. 埋葬；掩埋；藏mine [main] n. ；山；井 miner n.工shelter [??elt?]n.遮蔽；遮蔽；避身 a(great) number of 多；大批的 title[?taitl] n. ；；格 reporter [ri?p?:t?] n.者bar [ bɑ:]n. 条；棒；条状物damage[?d?mid ?] n. & vt. 失；害 frighten [?fraitn] vt. 使惊吓；吓 frightened ['fraitnd ] adj. 吃惊的；受恫吓的 frightening ['fraitni? ] adj. 令人惧怕的congratulation [k?n?gr?tju?lei??] n. 祝；（复数）judge [d??d?] n. 裁判；法官vt. 判定；判断；裁决sincerely [sin?si?li ] adv. 真地；真地express[ik?spres] vt. 表示；表达n.快；速outline [?autlain] n. 重点;大；廓headline [?hedlain] n.刊的大字cyclist ['saiklist] n. 自行的人Unit 5△N elson Mandela·曼德拉（前南非共和国）quality [?kw?liti ] n. 量；品；性△warm-hearted [,w?:m 'ha:tid] adj. 心的mean [ mi:n]adj.吝的；自私的；鄙俗的active [??ktiv ] adj. 极的；活的generous[?d?en?r?s] adj. 大方的；大方的△e asy-going adj. 平和的 ;平和容的self [ self] n. 自我；自己selfish [?selfi?] adj. 自私的selfless ['selflis] adj.无私的；忘我的 selflessly['selflisli ] adv. 无私地；忘我地 devote [di?v?ut]vt. 与 to 用）献身；心于devoted [di?v?utid] adj.忠的；深的△W illiam Tyndale 威廉·廷代（英国初期新教改革者）△Bible [?baibl] n. 《圣》△Norman Bethune 曼·白求恩（加拿大胸外科医）△invader [in?veid?] n. 侵略者found [faund] vt. 成立；建republic [ri?p?blik ] n. 共和国 ;共和政体 principle [?prins?pl] n. 法；原；原理△nationalism[?n????n?l ?ti]n.民族主；国家主△ livelihood [?laivlihud ] n.生；生△Mohandas Gandhi 莫罕达斯·甘地（印度公民大会党袖）peaceful [?pi:sf?l] adj. 和平的；沉静的；平和的△giant [?d?ai?nt] adj.巨大的；大的△leap [li:p] n. ；跳mankind [?m?n?kaind] n. 人△Elias [i'lai ?s] n. 伊莱斯（男名）lawyer [?l?:j?] n. 律guidance [?gaid?ns] n. 指；legal [?li:g ?l] adj. 法律的；依据法律的 fee [fi: ] n. （会、学等）；酬劳△passbook[?pɑ:sbuk] n. 存折、薄南非共和国有色人种的身份△Johannesburg[d??u'h?nis?b?:g] n. 翰内斯堡（南非城市）out of work失hopeful [?h?upf?l] adj. 有希望的；有希望的△ ANC 非国大 ; 非洲人公民大会 ; 非洲民族会（African NationalCongress） youth [ju: θ]n.青年；青年期 league [li:g]联盟；盟；合会Youth League 青年stage[steid?] n. 舞台；段；期 vote [v?ut] vt. & vi. 投票；n.投票；票；表决attack [??t?k ] vt. 攻；攻；抨 violence [?vai?l?ns] n.暴力；暴行as a matter of fact事上blow up 使充气；爆炸equal [?i:kw ?l] adj. 相等的；同等的in trouble [?tr?b?l] 在危、受、难过、等的境中willing [?wili?] adj. 意的；自发的 ;不公正的 turn to 求援于；致力于△quote [kw?ut] n. 引用；△release[ri?li:s] vt. 放；行lose heart 失勇气或信心△Robben Island [?ail?nd] 本 escape[i?skeip] vi. 逃脱；逃脱；泄b l a n k e t [ ? b l ? ? k i t ] n . 毛毯；毯子e d uc a t e [ ? ed j u ( : ) ke i t ] v t . 教育；e d u c a t ['edjukei come to beg [beg 戚；属 tecruelty [ [ri?w?:d △T rans set up 立sentencbe sente anti - ['? anti-blac △Cape [?prezid △N obeopinion必修2Unit1△cultural[?k?lt??r?l]adj. 文化△r elic [? rare [re? [?v?lju ?幸免；幸dynasty △T aj M △i vory [△d rago △ambe search [△F rede腓特烈·威廉一世（普士国王）△P russamaze[?[??meiz挑；honey [?design [fancy [? - 4 -style [stail] n. 格；度；型 decorate[?dek?reit] v. 装；装饰 jewel[?d?u:?l] n. 珠宝；宝石 artist[?ɑ :tist] n. 家belong [bi?l??] vi.属于；⋯⋯的一belong to 属于△Peter the Great彼得大帝 (俄国皇帝）in return ri?t?:n] 作答；回△Czar [tsɑ:]n. 沙皇troop tru:p] n. 群；；△St Petersburgn. 圣彼得堡（俄斯城市）reception [ri?sep??n] n. 招待；款待会；接收△Catherine ['k? θ?rin]Ⅱ叶卡捷琳娜二世（俄国女皇）at war于交状remove [ri?mu:v] vt. 移；搬开less than 少于wooden [?wudn] adj. 木制的doubt [daut] n. 疑；迷惑vt. 疑；不信△Konigsberg n. 哥尼斯堡（俄斯港市 Kaliningrad 的旧称）△the Baltic [?b?:ltik ] Sea 波的海△mystery [?mist?ri]n.神奇；神奇的事物former [?f?:m?] adj. 以前的；以前的worth [w?: θ] prep. 得的；相当于⋯⋯的价n．价；作用adj. [古 ]的△rebuild [?ri:?bild] vt. 重修local [?l?uk?l] adj. 当地的；当地的apart [??pɑ:t] adv. 分别地；分地take apart 打开△Leningrad ['leningrɑ:d] n. 列宁格勒（城市）painting [?peinti?] n. 画；画castle [?kɑ :s?l] n. 城堡△Windsor Castle [?kɑ:s?l] 温莎城堡（英国有名城堡）trial ?trai?l] n. 判；；△eyewitness['ai'witnis ] n. 目者；人evidence [?evid?ns] n. 依据；据△Jan Hasek ·哈克（男名）△Czech Republic [ri?p?blik ] 捷克共和国（欧国家）explode [ik?spl?ud] vi. 爆炸entrance[?entr?ns] n. 进口△Hans Braun 斯·布朗（男名）sailor [?seil?] n. 水手；海；船sink [si?k] vi. (sank, sunk, sunken) 下沉；沉下△Anna Petrov 安娜·帕特夫（女名）maid [meid] n. 少女；女仆△B erlin n. 柏林（德国国都）think highly [?haili] of 看重；器重△J ohann [d??in] Webber 翰· 伯（男名）informal [in?f?:m?l] adj. 非正式的debate [di?beit] n. 争；vi.争；辨Unit 2ancient [?ein??nt] adj. 古代的；古老的compete [k?m?pi:t] vi. 比；争competitor [k?m?petit?] n. 争者 takepart in 参加；参加 medal[?medl] n. 章；章；念章 stand for 代表；象征；表示△m ascot ['m?sk?t] n. 祥瑞物△P ausanias 帕尼斯（男名；古希腊人名）Greece [gri:s] n. 希腊Greek [gri:k] adj. 希腊（人）的；希腊的 n. 希腊人；希腊magical [?m?d?ik?l] adj. 巫的；魔的；有魔力的volunteer [?v?l?n?ti?] n. 志愿者；志愿兵adj. 志愿的；的vt. & vi. 自发homeland ['h?uml?nd ] n. 祖国；本国regular [?regjul?] adj. 的；按期的；常的 basis [?beisis] n. 基；依据athlete [??θ lit] n. 运；运手 admit[?d?mit] vt. & vi. 容；承；接 slave [ sleiv]n. 奴隶nowadays [?nau?deiz] adv. 今；在 gymnastics [d?im'n?stiks ] n.(pl) 体操；体能△a thletics [?θ?letiks] n.(pl) 体育运；技 Stadium [?steidi?m] n.（露天大型）体育（ plstadiums or stadia）gymnasium [d?im?neizi?m] (gym) n. 体育；健身房as well 也；又；host [h?ust] vt. 做；主；款待n.主人responsibility [?risp?ns??biliti ] n. 任；△o live [??liv ] n. 橄；橄叶；橄枝；橄色△w reath [ri: ]θn. 花圈；花冠；圈状物replace [ri(:)?pleis] vt. 取代；替；取代motto [?m?t?u] n. 座右；格言；警语swift [swift] adj. 快的；快速的△similarity [?simi?l?riti] n. 想像性；相像点△Athens [??θinz] n. 雅典（希腊国都）charge [t?ɑ:d?] vt. & vi. 收；控n.用；主管in charge [t?ɑ:d?] 主管；看守 physical[?fizik ?l] adj. 物理的；身体的fine [fain] vt. 款poster [?p?ust?] n. 海；招advertise [??dv ?taiz] vt. & vi. 做广告；登广告△Atlanta [?t?l?nt?] n. 特大（女名；城市名）△princess[?prin?ses] n. 公主glory [?gl?:ri] n. 荣耀；荣誉bargain [?bɑ :gin] vi. 价价；条件n. 廉价△prince [?prins] n. 王子hopeless[?h?upl?s] adj. 没有希望的；望的△Hippomenes hi'p?m?ni:z] n. 希波墨涅斯（男名；古希腊人名）foolish [?fu:li ?] adj. 愚笨的；傻的△goddess[?g?dis] n. 女神pain [pein] n. 痛苦；难过one after another 地；一个接一个地deserve [di?z?:v] vi. & vt. 受（答或）；得△striker ['straik?] n. 敲者；（足球的）前Unit 3△abacus[??b ?k?s] n. 算△calculator [?k?lkjuleit ?] n. 算器△PC（=personal [?p?:s?n?l] computer）个人；个人算机△laptop ['l?pt ?p] n. 手提△PDA(personal digital assistant)掌上；个人数助理△analytical[?n ??litik( ?)l] adj. 剖析的 calculate?k?lkjuleit ] vt. 算universal [ ?ju:ni?v?:s?l] adj. 广泛的；通用的；宇宙的simplify [?simplifai ] vt. 化sum [s?m] n. 数；算；金△Charles Babbage 斯·巴比奇（英国数学教授）operator [??p?reit?] n.（）操作；接 logical[?l?d?ik?l] adj. 合的；合情理的 logically['l ?d?ikli ] adv. 上；合地；有条理地technology [tek?n?l?d?i] n.工；科技；技technological [?tekn??l?d?ik?l] adj. 科技的revolution [?rev??lu:??n] n. 革命 artificial[?ɑ :ti?fi??l] adj.人造的；假的 intelligence [in?telid??ns] n. 智力；明；智能 intelligent [in?telid??nt] adj. 智能的；明的△A lan Turing 艾· 灵（英国数学家）solve [s?lv] vt. 解决；解答△m athematical [?m?θ??m?tik ?l] adj. 数学的 from ⋯ on 从⋯⋯起reality [ri??liti ] n. 真；事；△d esigner [di?zain?] n.personal [?p?:s?n?l] adj. 个人的；个人的；自的personally [?p?:s?n?li] adv. 就个人而言；自tube [tju:b, tu:b] n. 管；管子；子管△t ransistor [tr?n?zist?] n. 晶体管△c hip [t?ip] n. 碎片；芯片as a result [ri?z?lt] 果 total[?t?utl] adj. 的；整个的n.数；合totally [?t?ut?li ] adv. 完整地；整个地so⋯ that ⋯这样⋯⋯致使于⋯⋯network [?netw?:k] n. 网；网状物web [web] n. 网application [??pli?kei?(?)n] n. 用；用途；申finance [?fain?ns] n. 金融；mobile [?m?ubail]adj.可移的；机的rocket [?r?kit] n. 火箭explore [ik?spl?:] vt. & vi. 研究；探；研究△Mars [mɑ:z] n. 火星anyhow [?enihau] adv.（也作 anyway）无怎样；即便这样goal [g?ul] n. 目；目的；球；（球）得分happiness[?h?pinis ] n. 幸福；快human ?hju:m?n] race [reis] 人△s upporting [s?'p?:ti?] adj. 支持的；支撑的download ['daunl?ud] vt. 下△p rogrammer [?pr?ugr?m ] n. 程序；程序virus [?vai?r?s] n. 病毒△a ndroid n. 机器人signal [?sign?l] vi. & vt. 信号n.信号△teammate [?ti:mw ?:k] n. 伙伴；伙伴△Nagoya [nɑ:'g?uj ] ɑ:n. 名古屋（日本港市）△S eattle [ si'?tl ] n. 西雅（美国城市）type [taip] n. 型 vt. & vi. 打字in a way在某种程度上coach [k?ut?] n. 教arise [??raiz] vi. (arose, arisen)出；生 with the help of 在⋯⋯的帮助下 electronic[i?lek?tr?nik] adj. 子的appearance[??pi?r?ns] n. 外；相貌；出character[?k?rikt ?] n. 性格；特色mop [m?p] n. 拖把 vt. 用拖把拖；擦deal with 理；安排；付 watch over 看守；△naughty [?n?:ti] adj. 皮的；调皮的niece [ni:s] n. 侄女；甥女△spoil [sp?il] vt. 坏；坏Unit 4wildlife [?wild ?nis] n. 野生植物protection [pr??tek??n] n. 保wild [waild] adj. 野生的；野的；未开的；荒芜的△habitat [?h?bit?t ] n. 栖息地（植物的）自然境；△threaten[?θretn] vt. & vi. 恫吓；威decrease[di?kri:s] vi. & vt减少；（使）小；或少△endanger[in?deind??] vt. 危害；使遇到危die out 亡；逐消逝loss [l?s] n. 失；失；失reserve[ri?z?:v] n. 保区hunt [h?nt]vt. & vi.打；取；搜 zone[z?un] n. 地区；地；地区in peace和平川；友善地；安祥地in danger [?deind??] (of) 在危中；告急△Daisy n. 戴茜（女名）△species[?spi:?i:z] n. 种；物种carpet [?kɑ :pit] n. 地毯respond [ri?sp?nd] vi. 回答；响；做出反distant [?dist?nt] adj. 的；的fur [f?:] n. 毛皮；毛；毛△antelope[??ntil ?up] n. 羚羊△Zimbabwe n. 津巴布（非洲南部国家）relief [ri?li:f ] n.（难过或的）减或排除；减难过的事物in relief 如重；松了口气 laughter[?lɑ :ft?] n. 笑；笑声 burst intolaughter 忽然笑起来；高声笑了出来mercy [?m?:si] n. 仁爱；恕；怜certain [?s?:t?n] adj. 确立的；某一；必定importance[im?p?:t?ns] n. 重要（性）△WWF(Word Wildlife Fund)世界野生生物基金会rub [r?b] vt. 擦；摩擦protect [pr??tekt] ⋯ from 保⋯⋯不受⋯⋯（危害）mosquito [m?s?ki:t?u] n. 蚊子△millipede ['milipi:d ] n.(=millepede) 千足虫insect [ ?insekt] n. 昆虫contain [k?n?tein] vt.包含；容；容忍powerful [?pau?f?l]adj.大的；有力的 affect [??fekt] vt. 影响；感；侵 attention[??ten??n] n. 注意；关注；注意力 payattention to 注意appreciate [??pri:?ieit] vt. ；感谢；意到succeed [s?k?si:d] vi. 成功vt. 接替；任△I ndonesia [?ind?u'ni:??] n. 印度尼西（南国）△r hino [?rainst?un] n. 犀牛secure[si?kju?] adj. 安全的；靠谱的income [?ink?m] n. 收入employ [im?pl?] vt. 聘用；利用（、精力等） harm [hɑ :m] n. & vt. 害；危害△Milu deer [di?]麋鹿bite [bait] vt. & vi. (bit, bitten) 咬；叮；刺痛△e xtinction [ik?sti?k??n] n.；消亡dinosaur [?dain?s?:] n. 恐come into being形成；生△c ounty ?kaunti] n. ；郡inspect [in?spekt] vt. ；察△u nexpected [?nik?spektid] adj. 没想到的；不测的incident [?insid?nt] n. 事件；事 dust[d?st] n. 灰；土；埃 according to 依据；依据⋯⋯所△M auritius n.毛里求斯(非洲部国）△d isappearance[?dis??pi?r?ns] n.消逝fierce [fi?s] adj. 凶狠的；剧烈的so that 致使于；果 ending[?endi?] n. 局；尾△f aithfully [?fei θf?li] adv. 忠地；忠地△C olobus ['k?l?b?s] monkey （非洲）疣猴，髯猴Unit 5△c lassical [?kl?sik ?l] adj. 古典的；古典文的roll [r?ul] vt. & vi. ；（使）n.晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈△ rock [r?k] n. roll (rock-and-roll)△orchestra[??:kistr?] n. 管弦△rap [r?p ] n. 唱folk [f?ulk] adj. 民的jazz [?d??z] n. 爵士音△choral [k?:d] adj.唱班的 ;合唱的△the Monkees 基musician [mju(:)?zi??n] n. 音家dream [dri:m] of 梦；梦想；想△karaoke [?k?ri' ?uki] n. 卡拉 OK 音；自伴奏音pretend [pri?tend] vt. 假装；假扮to be honest在地；attach [??t?t ?] vt. & vi. 系上；上；附带；接 attach ⋯ to有（重要性、意）；附上；接form [f?:m]vt.（使）成；形成；组成△fame [feim] n. 名誉；名誉passer-by[?pɑ :s??bai] n.路人；行人 earn [?:n] vt. ；得；得 extra [?ekstr?] adj. 外的；外加的instrument [?instrum?nt] n. 工具；器材；器perform [p??f?:m] vt. & vi. 表演；执行；行performance [p??f?:m?ns]n.表演；演奏pub [p?b] n. 酒；酒吧cash [k? ?] n. 金in cash用金；有studio [?stju:di?u] n. 工作室；演播室millionaire [?milj ??ne?] n. 百万富豪；富豪play jokes on 弄actor [??kt ?] n. 男演；行者rely [ri?lai] vi. 依；依赖rely on 依；依赖broadcast[?br?:dkɑ :st] n. 广播；播放vi.& vt. 广播播放humorous [?hju:m?r?s] adj. 风趣的；的 familiar [f??mili ?] adj. 熟习的；常的；近的 be/get familiar with 熟习；与⋯⋯熟习起来 or so 大break up打坏；分裂；解体△reunite [ri:?ju:nj?n] vt. 再一；再合；重聚attractive [??tr?ktiv ] adj. 吸引人的；有吸引力的addition [??di??n] n. 加；增添；加法in addition 此外；也sort out分△excitement [ik?saitm?nt]n.；刺激△ballad [?b?l ?d] n.歌；情歌；民△overnignt [??uv??nait] adv. 在夜晚；在夜里；（口）很快；一夜之dip[dip] vt. 浸；蘸△t adpole [?t?dp?ul] n. 蝌蚪△l ily [?lili ] n. 百合；百合花confident [ ?k?nfid ?nt] adj. 自信的；确信的△F reddy n. 弗雷迪（男名） brief[bri:f ] adj. 短的；要的n. 纲要；大briefly [?bri:fli ] adv. 要地；短地devotion [di?v?u??n] n. 投入；afterwards [?ɑ:ft?w?dz]adv.而后；此后Invitation [?invi?tei??] n. 邀；款待beard [bi?d] n. 胡sensitive [?sensitiv] adj. 敏感的；易受害的；灵敏的painful [?peinf?l] adj. 难过的；痛苦的above [??b?v] all 最重要；第一必修 3Unit 1take place生beauty [?bju:ti ] n. 美；佳人harvest [?hɑ :vist] n. & vt. & vi.收；收割celebration [?seli?brei??n] n. 祝；祝hunter [?h?nt?] n. 狩者；人starve [stɑ :v] vi. & vt. (使 )死；得要死origin [??rid?in] n. 发源；由来；因由religious [ri?lid??s] adj. 宗教上的；信仰宗教的；虔的△s easonal['si:z?n?l] adj. 季的；季性的ancestor [??ns?st?] n. 先人；祖宗△ Obon n. （日本）盂盆△ grave[greiv] n. 墓；墓地△incense [?insens] n.熏香；熏香的烟in memory [?mem?ri] of 念；追忆Mexico [?meksik?u] n. 墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家）feast [fi:st ] n. 日；盛宴△s kull [sk?l] n. ；骨Bone [b?un] n. 骨；骨△Halloween [h??lu:si?nei??] n. 万圣前夜；圣日前夜belief [bi?li:f] n. 相信；信心；崇奉dress up 盛装；妆扮；装trick [trik] n. ；作；vt. 欺；play a trick on 搞作；；开玩笑 poet[?p?uit] n. 人△Columbus Day哥布日arrival [??raiv?l] n. 到来；抵达；抵达者△Christopher Columbus克利斯夫·哥布（意大利航海家）gain [gein] vt.得；获得independence[?indi?pend?ns] n. 独立；自主independent[?indi?pend?nt] adj. 独立的；自主的gather [?g?e?] vt. & vi. & n. 采集；会合；齐集agriculture [??grik ?lt??] n. ；；学 agricultural [?gri?k?lt??r(?)l] adj. 的；的award [??w?:d] n. ；品vt. 授与；判断△produce [pr??dju:s] n. 品；（尤指）品rooster [?ru:st?] n. 雄禽；公admire [?d?mai?] vt.美；佩；敬羡 energetic[?en??d?etik] adj.充活力的；精力充足的；极的look forward to 希望；期望；期望△carnival [?kɑ:niv?l] n. 狂；（四旬前的）宴狂；嘉年（会）△lunar [?lu:n?] adj. 月的；月亮的；阴的Easter [?i:st?] n. (耶 )复生△parade [p??reid] n.游行；兵；day and night 日夜；日夜；成天clothing [?kl?uei?] n. 衣服Christian [?krist??n] n. 基督徒；信徒adj. 基督教的；信基督教的△Jesus [?d?i:z?s] n. 耶△cherry [?t?eri] n. 桃；桃△ blossom [?bl?s?m] n. 花vt. 开花as though[e?u] 仿佛have fun with玩得高兴custom [?k?st?m]；俗worldwide [?w?:ld?waid] adj. 遍布全世界的；世界性的△rosebud [?r?uzb?d] n. 玫瑰花蕾fool [fu:l ] n. 愚人；痴人；受者vt. 干傻事；开玩笑adj. 傻的△necessity [ni?sesiti] n.必需性；需要permission [p??mi??n] n. 可；允prediction[pri?dik??n]n.言；；告fashion [?f? ?(?)n] n. 子；方式；尚△Trinidad [?triniti ] n. 特立尼达△Carla [?kɑ:nid?] n. 卡拉（女名）△Hari [hɑ:k] n. 哈利（男名） parking['pɑ :ki?] n. （汽等）停放parking lot 停△V alentine ’syDan. 圣瓦廷；情人 turn [t?:n] up 出；到keep one ’ s word 守信誉；执行言 hold one ’ s breath 屏息；屏气 apologize[??p?l?d?aiz] vi. 致歉；白 drown [draun] vt. & vi. 吞没；淹死；淹死 sadness[?s?dnis] n. 悲痛，悲obvious [??bvi?s] adj. 明的；而易的 wipe [waip] vt. 擦；揩；擦去weave [wi:v ] vt. & vi. (wove, woven) （使）迂回△herd [h?:d] n. 牧群；群△ the Milky [?milki ] Way 河△magpie [?m?gpai] n. 喜weep [wi:p ] vi. (wept, wept) 呜咽；哭泣n. 哭；呜咽△a nnouncer [??nauns?] n. 广播；见告者；幕set off 出；身；使爆炸 remind[ri?maind] vt. 提示；使想起 remind ⋯of ⋯使⋯⋯想起⋯⋯ forgive [f??giv] vt.(forgave, forgiven) 原；恕Unit 2Diet [?dai?t] n. 平时食 vi. 食 spaghetti[sp??geti] n. 意大利式面条nut [n?t] n. 果；果仁muscle [?m?s?l] n. 肌肉；（食用）瘦肉protective [pr??tektiv] adj. 予保的；保的bean [bi:n] n. 豆；豆科植物pea [pi:] n. 豌豆cucumber [?kju:k ?mb?] n. 黄瓜eggplant ['egplɑ :nt] n. 茄子pepper [?pep?] n. 辣椒；辣椒粉mushroom [?m??ru:m] n. 蘑菇peach [pi:t?] n. 桃子lemon [?lem?n] 檬balance [?b?l ?ns] vt. 均衡；衡n. 天平；均衡balanced diet [?dai?t] 均衡饮食 barbecue[?bɑ :bikju:] vt. & n. 烤；烤肉 mutton[?m?tn] n. 羊肉△k ebab [k?'b?b]n. (印度 )烤腌羊肉串；肉串上的肉roast [r?ust] adj. 烤制的vt. & vi. 烤；烘；烘烤△stir [st?:] vt. ；和fry [frai] vt. & vi. 油煎；油炸 stir-fryvt. 用旺火炒（或煎、） ought [?:t]v. aux. 当； ought to 当；bacon [?beik?n] n. 熏咸肉；腊肉△cola n. 可料△sugary [??ug?] adj. 含糖的；甜的△sign [sain] n. 牌示；；符号 lose weight [weit] 体重减；减肥 slim [slim] vi. ；减肥adj. 苗条的；的curiosity [?kju?ri??siti] n. 好奇心hostess [?h?ustis] n.女主人；女主持人raw [r?:] adj. 生的；未加工的 vinegar [?vinig?] n. 醋get away with 被放；（做坏事）不受lie [lai] n. ；言 vi. tell a liecustomer [?k?st?m?] n. 客；消者discount [?diskaunt] n. 折扣win ⋯ back 回；从头得 weakness[?wi:knis ]n.弊端；衰弱；短处 strength [?stre? ] θn.；；力量 consult [k?n?s?lt] vt.咨；教；商议 fibre [?faib?] n. ；制品digest [di?d?est ] vi. & vt. 消化n.纲要；纲要△poisonous [?p?iz?n?s] adj. 有毒的carrot [?k?r ?t] n. 胡卜△scurvy [?sk?:vi ] n. 坏血病△rickets [?rikiti ] n. 佝病△obesity [?u'bi:siti ] n. 度肥胖△vitamin [?vit?min] n. 生素△protein [?pr?uti:n] n. 蛋白earn one’ s living生debt [det] n. ；in debt 欠glare [gle?] vi. 怒目而；耀n.怒；眩目的光spy [spai] vi. & vt. 探；奥密 n. ；探spy on 暗中；limit [?limit ] vt. 限制；限制n.界线；限度limited adj. 有限的benefit [?benifit ] n. 利益；好vt. & vi. 有利于；有助于；得益breast [brest] n. 胸部；乳房garlic [?gɑ :lik] n. 大蒜sigh [sai] vi. 息；气n.息；息声combine [?benifit] vt. & vi.（使）合；（使）合cut down减少；before [bi?f?:] long 不久此后put on weight 增添体重△c ooperation [k?u??p??rei??n] n. 合作；作△i ngredient [in?gri:di?nt] n.（烹用的）资料；原料；成分△f lavour [?fleiv ?] n. （食品的）滋味与气味；特性Unit 3△Mark Twain 克·吐温 (美国作家 )birthplace[?b?: θ pleis]n.出生地；故△Florida [?fl ?rid?] n. 佛里达（位于密里州）佛里达州（美国州名）bring [bri?] up 养；培育；教育；提出△Hannibal ['h?nib ?l] n. 尼拔（美国城市）△M issouri [mi'zu?ri] n. 密里州（美国州名）△M ississippi [?misi?sipi] n.密西西比河；密西西比州（美国州名）novel [?n?v?l] n. 小；篇故事adj. 奇特的；异样的△b oyhood [?b?ihud] n. 少年代adventure [?d?vent??] n. 奇遇；冒△Tom Sawyer n. 姆·索（人名）△H uckleberry Finn 哈克利· 恩（人名） phrase [freiz] n. 短；；用△f athom [?f?e ?m] n.度位（六英尺）author [??: θ?]n. 著者；作家△Samuel Langhorne Clemens塞· 霍恩·克莱斯（人名）scene [si:n] n. （）一；；面；风景△n arrator [n?'reit ?]n.述者，表达者△R oderick ['r?d?rik ]n.德里克（男名）△O liver n. 奥利弗（男名）△b et [bet] n. ；打vt. & vt. 打；△make a bet 打△p enniless ['penilis] adj. 困的；囊空如洗的wander [?w?nd?] vi. 遨游；闲步；流浪pavement [?peivm?nt] n. 人行道 businessman ['biznism?n ] n. 商人permit [p??mit] vt. & vi. 可；允；准 n. 通行；可；照ahead[??hed] adv. 在前；向前；提早go ahead [??hed] 行进；（用于祈使句）能够；往下说by accident [??ksid ?nt] 有时；无心中；不当心bay [bei] n. 海湾stare [ste?] vi. 凝望；盯着看stare at 盯着看；凝望△nightfall n. 傍晚fault [f?:lt] n. 过失；弊端；故障spot [sp?t] vt. 发现；认出n.斑点；污点；地址passage [?p?sid?] n. 船费（包含食宿）；通道；（一）段△unpaid [?n?peid] adj. 未付款的；不受酬劳的account [??kaunt] vi.& vt. 以为；说明；总计有n.说明；原因；计算；帐目account for 致使；做出解说embassy [?emb?si] n. 大使馆；大使及其官员 seek [si:k] vt. & vi. (sought, sought) 找寻；研究；追求patience [?pei??ns] n. 耐心；忍耐contrary [?k?ntr?ri] n. 反面；对峙面adj. 相反的；相违的on the contrary [?k?ntr?ri] 与此相反；正相反△charity [?t??riti ] n. 慈善（集体）；恩赐envelope [?env?l?up] n. 信封unbelievable [?n?be?r?b?l] adj. 难以置信的△Horace n. 霍勒斯（男名）steak [steik] n. (供煎、烤的 )肉块；鱼排；牛排pineapple [?pain?p?l] n. 菠萝dessert [di?z?:t] n. 餐后甜点amount [??maunt] n. 数目take a chance 冒险 rude [ru:d] adj. 鲁莽的；无礼的 manner [?m?n?] n. 礼貌；举止；方式 scream [skri:m] vi. 尖声叫n.尖叫声；喊叫声genuine [?d?enjuin] adj. 真的；真挚的△issue [?i?u:] vt. & vi. 刊行（钞票等）；公布（命令）；第一版（杂志等）△fake [feik] n. 赝品；欺诈adj. 假的rag [r?g ] n. 破布；碎布in rags 衣不蔽体indeed [in?di:d]adv.真实地；的确；实在as for 对于；至于 bow [b?u]vi. & n. 鞠躬；哈腰 barber[?bɑ :b?] n. 剪发师Unit 4astronomy [??str?n?mi] n. 天文学△a stronomer n. 天文学家△s olar [?s?ul?] adj. 太阳的；日光的system [?sist?m] n. 系统；系统；制度solar system 太阳系religion [ri?lid??n] n. 宗教；宗教崇奉theory [?θri]i? n. 学说；理论△B ig Bang 宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸atom [??t ?m] n. 原子billion [?bilj ?n] pron. & n. & adj.<英>万亿； <美 >十亿globe [gl?ub] n. 球体；地球仪；地球△global [?gl?ub?l] adj. 全世界性的；全世界的violent [?vai?l ?nt] adj.剧烈的；强烈的；强暴的in time实时；终于carbon [?kɑ :b?n] n. 碳△n itrogen [?naitr?d??n] n. 氮△v apour [?veip?] n. 蒸气；水蒸气atmosphere[??tm ?sfi?] n.大气层；氛围 unlike [??n?laik] prep. 不一样；不像 fundamental[?f?nd??mentl] adj. 基本的；基础的△p resence [?prez?ns] n. 列席；列席；存在△d issolve [di?z?lv] vt. & vi. 溶解；解散harmful [?hɑ :mful] adj. 有害的acid [??sid ] n. 酸chain [ ?t?ein] n. 链子；连锁；锁链△r eaction [ri??k??n] n. 反响；回应multiply [?m?ltiplai ]vi. & vt.乘；增添oxygen[??ksid??n] n. 氧△shellfish['?elfi ?] n.水生有壳动物△a mphibian [?m?fibi?n] n. 两栖动物△r eptile [?reptail] n. 爬行动物；爬虫lay eggs下蛋△d inosaur [?dain?s?:] n. 恐龙exist [ig?zist] vi. 存在；生计△mammal [?m?m ?l] n. 哺乳动物 give birth to 产生；临盆thus [e?s] adv. 所以；于是in one ’ s turn 轮到某人；接着dioxide[dai??ksaid] n. 二氧化物carbon dioxide二氧化碳prevent ... from阻挡；遏止puzzle [?p?zl] n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. （使）诱惑；（使）犯难biology [bai??l?d?i] n. 生物学biologist [?bai??l?d?ik?l] n. 生物学家gravity [?gr?viti ] n. 万有引力；重力satellite [?s?t?lait] n.卫星；人造卫星gentle [?d?entl] adj. 平和的；高雅的。
英语词根fug
1.refuge ['refjuːdʒ]
1）re(回来)+fuge（逃走）—逃回来—避难所
ee 人，refugee [refjʊ'dʒiː]逃回来的人，难民。
2）movie name, from America or Thailand.
3）Refuge stairs 安全梯，太平梯
4）Be a refugee 逃难
5）International Refugee Organization, IRO.
联合国难民署，联合国难民事务高级专员办事处（英语：
for Refugees，又名UN Refugee Agency，缩写：UNHCR），日内瓦Geneva，switzerland.
2.Centrifuge ['sentrɪfjuːdʒ]
centri中心+fuge逃离——逃离中心——centrifuge离心机
离心机就是利用离心力使得需要分离的不同物料得到加速分离的机器。
3.febrifuge ['febrɪfjuːdʒ]
febri=fever, 逃避热，退烧剂
二．FUG阜阳西关机场三字代码
机场三字代码简称“三字代码”，由国际航空运输协会（IATA ,International Air Transport Association）制定。
国际航空运输协会（IATA）对世界上的国家、城市、机场、加入国际航空运输协会的航空公司制定了统一的编码。
在空运中以三个英文字母简写航空机场名。
CTU成都双流国际机场，上海浦东、虹桥国际机场PVG\SHA，首都国际机场PEK。
三字是IATA国际航空运输协会，四字是ICAO国际民用航空组织。
英文figure是什么汉语意思
英文figure是什么汉语意思英文figure是什么汉语意思英文figure的用法是很重要的，我们有必要知道它的汉语意思。
一起来看看店铺为大家整理收集了英语figure具体所指的汉语意思吧，欢迎大家阅读!figure的汉语意思英 [fg(r)] 美 [fgjr]第三人称单数：figures第三人称复数：figures现在分词：figuring过去分词：figured过去式：figured基本解释名词人物; 数字; 身材; 算术不及物动词计算; 出现; 扮演角色及物动词计算在内; 估计; 推测; 认为相关例句及物动词1. How do you figure that?你如何料到的?2. Please help me to figure out my income tax.请帮我算一下我的所得税。
不及物动词1. The book keeper figured well.这位簿记员长于计算。
figure的词典解释1. 数字;(尤指)统计数字A figure is a particular amount expressed as a number, especially a statistic.e.g. It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job...如果我们能得到该国失业人口的真实数字就好了。
e.g. It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall...过不了多久，通货膨胀率就会开始下降。
2. (0 到 9 的.)数字符号，数目字A figure is any of the ten written symbols from 0 to 9 that are used to represent a number.3. 位数An amount or number that is in single figures is between zero and nine. An amount or number that is in double figures is between ten and ninety-nine. You can also say, for example, that an amount or number is in three figures when it is between one hundred and nine hundred and ninety-nine.e.g. Inflation, which has usually been in single figures, is running at more than 12%...通常保持在个位数的通货膨胀率现在已超过了 12%。
9f中英文对照
9f中英文对照9F，即九楼，是指建筑物中的第九层楼。
在许多建筑物中，9F常常被视为较高级的楼层，通常是商业或办公空间的所在地。
在本文中，我们将介绍9F这个术语的中英文对照，以及对它的一些背景和含义的解释。
首先，我们来看一下9F的中文表达。
在中文中，9F通常被称为“九楼”。
九（jiǔ）是数字9的中文读音，而楼（lóu）则表示建筑物中的楼层。
因此，九楼表示建筑物中的第九层楼。
在中国，九这个数字被认为是一个吉利的数字，象征着长久和繁荣。
因此，许多建筑物中的9F往往是商业或办公空间，以吸引好运和繁荣。
在英文中，9F通常被称为“9th floor”。
9th（ninth）是数字9的序数词形式，表示第九。
floor（楼层）是指建筑物中的水平平面，通常用数字来表示。
因此，9th floor表示建筑物中的第九层楼。
与中文中的九楼类似，9th floor通常是商业或办公空间，但没有象征吉利的含义。
在现代的多层建筑中，楼层的编号通常是通过在建筑物中的每个水平平面上添加数字来完成的。
这些数字可以是用中文或英文表示，具体取决于所在国家或地区的语言和文化习惯。
在中国，九楼通常被写成“9楼”，而在英语国家，9th floor通常被写成“9th floor”。
除了表示楼层的数字之外，建筑物中的楼层编号通常还包括字母或其他符号来表示更具体的位置。
这些符号可以用来区分不同的部分或区域，以帮助人们更容易地找到特定的目的地。
例如，9F的商业区可能被标记为“9A”，而办公区可能被标记为“9B”。
总结来说，9F是指建筑物中的第九层楼，通常是商业或办公空间的所在地。
在中文中，9F被称为“九楼”，象征着吉利和繁荣。
而在英文中，9F被称为“9th floor”，没有象征吉利的含义。
楼层编号通常是通过在数字之后添加字母或其他符号来表示更具体的位置。
无论是中文还是英文，9F都是建筑物中重要的楼层，为商业和办公活动提供了便利的空间。
(完整版)英语辅音字母f象形及延伸
英语辅音字母f象形及延伸（12种）㈠手如fan finger fist feelF f 翅膀的形象，含义为“翅膀、羽、毛、飞、手臂”等。
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生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译
文献出处：Croxton K.L The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24.原文The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modeCroxton K LAbstractWith the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce，due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products，it is for the logistics service quality and time put forward higher requirements，delivery is not yet mature，distribution costs are high，low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee，fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them.Keywords: fresh food e-commerce，distribution pattern，cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 IntroductionFarmers1markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase，’’workers•’ due to the limitation of working hours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh produce，even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products，especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C，C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.This article is mainly in the electronic commerce logistics distribution mode of fresh research aspects，based on fresh from the actual situation of electronic commerce andthe close analysis of key element fresh food e-commerce，summarizes three different with general distribution mode of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode, the characteristics of the pattern design is by fresh good cooperation from the electronic commerce information online and offline business, to reduce the fresh raw e-commerce product line the difficulty of the logistics distribution，thus make the enterprise to offline logistics cost is high，the efficiency is not high to make a good deal with the problem of.2 Literature reviewResearch of fresh agricultural products safety, F.S chwagele (2005) about the European fresh agricultural products traceability for the development of history，Europe for fresh food formulated laws and regulations, food companies are required to have their own traceability system, to ensure transparency in the whole process of the food production chain，can verify，is produced in Europe after the outbreak of a series of food safety accidents; Lists the Europe now use traceability technology，such as coding system EAN UCC (2002) - AIDC barcode, electronic data management system and RFID.K.E^ Belk, J.A. Scanga et al. (2005) to trace the history of the development of the American food, they think that the United States than in Europe and Japan in terms of food traceability backward，at the same time points out that the Carrefour and other large retail enterprises in the application of RFID technology played an important role, mainly adopts monomer great significance by IAID and group recognition AGID two methods on the meat recognition.Research of fresh agricultural products supply chain knowledge, RD abbene, P.G ay and N.S acco (2008) argue that produce raw materials from leave growers or meat slaughterhouse to the terminal consumer impact on the cost and quality of this process play a key role, so it is necessary for fresh agricultural products supply chain to do enough research. Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos (2009) argue that due to a series of public health problems, the supply chain of agricultural products will face more strict rules and close monitoring. In fresh agricultural products distribution，Ana Osvald，Lidija Zadnik Stirn (2008) of fresh vegetables distribution path optimization algorithm has made the research of vehicle，and according to the working time window，distribution vehicle travel time and vegetables perishable characteristics the impact on the cost distribution path model is put forward- Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos (2009) studied the fresh crop at harvest and distribution of two link planning problem，the model put forward by them to provide planted with maximum benefits.For research of Cold Chain logistics，Americans Albert，Braille (AlbertBarrier) and the British J.A. laidi qi (J.A.R uddich) at the end of the 19th century has elaborated on the Cold Chain (Cold Chain) point of view. But，until 1940，cold chain point of view to the attention of the world.C-D Tarantilis (2002), such as the problem of distribution route between the fresh meat in multiple warehouse was studied，and the random search heuristic algorithm and threshold accepting algorithm to solve this problem, this problem has a lot to the benefits of economic benefits to the enterprise. Kuala Lumpur ikar etc. (2006) put forward during the cold-chain food sales and storage of food cold chain management quality has a great influence.R.M ontanari (2008) analyzed the impact of supply chain under the condition of perishable food quality，time, temperature control is a key issue, starting from the point of view of technology and management were put forward to solve the problem.Andrej Ovca etc. (2009) put forward the consumer need for perishable food from procurement to use the entire cold chain maintenance of cognitive deficiencies.Chaug - Ing Hsu (2011) developed a kind of temperature distribution of equipment model, using replaceable cool storage technology incubator to meet the needs of distribution network.2The analysis of fresh food e-commerce distribution factor2.1Frozen technicalFresh raw products in e-commerce logistics distribution of cooling fresh is fresh food e-commerce is very important link, fresh products in sales in the whole process of the entire cold chain is the necessary measures of keeping fresh of fresh products，fresh products cold chain in the whole process of the freezing technology includes two parts: one is the refrigeration; 2 it is fresh. Refrigeration is in raw products raw materials get to maintain product freshness after cooling process. Fresh products of refrigeration can be divided for refrigerated and frozen. Fresh on the application of the freezing technology, e-commerce is to control the quality of the good fresh product，also control the cost of logistics distribution. Refrigeration technology in fresh it is very important to the operation of e-commerce，fresh food e-commerce enterprise shall，on the basis of existing facilities development suited to their own refrigeration technology, such as fresh direct against their goods for distribution in car special renovation，so as to achieve the goal of economical and practical•2.2Distribution networkDue to the diversity of fresh food，a lot of fresh food is a regional restriction; second，cold-chain distribution network radius cannot too big; otherwise the cost is too high. Fresh products because of the high requirements for delivery and savethe characteristics of short time, the traditional logistics network layout of general goods in a certain extent, not only can't satisfy people's needs, but also can cause a lot of resources allocation is not reasonable. Fresh distribution network of e-commerce involved have fresh product base，production and processing base, refrigerated warehouse，logistics center and distribution center, if use the third party logistics enterprise distribution, distribution network involves a fresh product base, production and processing base，refrigerated warehouse, third party logistics of the logistics center and distribution center. Cold-chain logistics network in each node, if can effective work in the entire network layout，will improve on the efficiency of cold chain logistics has a lot of help, cold-chain logistics network layout model is roughly divided into single economies of cold-chain logistics network，the area of cold-chain logistics network and cross-regional cold-chain logistics network.2.3Information systemFresh e-commerce logistics information system, it is fresh online operation and offline operation and efficient electricity with indispensable link, to ensure that the line of the cold chain run efficiently, in addition to cold storage facilities and advanced technology，also need to have advanced cold-chain information system for effective management. By computer hardware, computer software and information resources together，through the man-machine combination is known as the information system to handle the flow of information system, on the basis of the functions and features of logistics, the computer network technology, electronic data interchange (edit) technology and the information system applied to each link of logistics operation.Fresh e-commerce logistics distribution use of modern information technology has the following kinds: technology，electronic commerce is in the Internet open network environment，based on browser/server application，realize consumer online shopping, online transactions between merchants and online electronic payment of a new type of commercial operation mode. Supply chain management system, electronic order system, intelligent transportation systems, EPC system and bar code technology are fresh，common technology in e-commerce application. Supply chain management system, based on supply chain management thoughts as the instruction, will link each entity in the supply chain business through information，logistics，information flow， document flow, business flow and cash flow) of communication to achieve seamless connection system model. Intelligent transportation system，vehicle information, the road map and a fixed input of user information integration of computeralgorithm, by using computer technology, sensor technology, artificial intelligence and other advanced technology effectively to integrate comprehensive application in the transport of goods, thus forming an accurate and efficient automatic transport system.3The problems of fresh food e-commerce logistics distributionFresh e-commerce distribution problem involves mainly by cold chain logistics, as a result of the limitation of hardware and software aspects overall situation，main problems are as follows:(1)The construction of infrastructure. Low temperature logistics now，refrigerated facilities is a lot of mechanical, refrigeration technology is relatively backward, the hardware facilities of lagging behind and modernization level of a serious shortage of professional cold chain vehicle, in ordinary loss is very big, in the process of transportation and delivery used logistics costs alone accounted for seventy percent of the cost of perishable goods，some infrastructure construction will not be able to provide security for the cold chain of food circulation system.(2)Frozen processing capacity is limited. Frozen processing is the main equipment of air cooler, frozen carcass meat, for example, in the air cooler is to together for frozen carcass meat flesh and bones, causing completely unnecessary waste, and the efficiency is not high. Although individual frozen processing have installed between advanced contact plate freezer, but is still a far cry from what to popularize and apply.(3)Transport facilities, loss are big. Transport infrastructure development, both railway and highway, whether on the proportion of vehicles or cold chain on the traffic. On the cold chain transport, railway cold-chain transport accounted for twenty percent of total food cold-chain transport and a half, but for railway freight volume is less than 1%.(4)The frozen storage and economic development does not match. Frozen storage of all aspects of the conditions are not enough to support the rapid development of cold chain logistics. Especially the construction of cold storage，both from layout of cold storage and cold storage capacity，is not conducive to the rapid development of cold chain storage. Cold storage more focused on the layout of the city, the origin of a serious shortage of cold storage; Common cold storage capacity can f t meet the requirements of cold chain now. Cold storage refrigeration technology and，on the other hand，to the temperature control and monitoring technology in cold storage are comparatively large difference with international standards，the improvement of the need to a great extent.The cold chain logistics management lags behind. Cold-chain logistics needs through strict management to achieve the enterprise's management goal，but now management, due to lack of correct understanding of cold chain logistics, cold chain often appear in the ’’chain” phenomenon: broken from farm to the wholesale，fresh fruits and vegetables often railed to do preliminary cold treatment; In primary processing and sorting area without cryogenic environment.译文生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究CroxtonKL摘要伴随着电子商务企业的发展，从网络上购物的方式已经逐渐的深入到了居民的生活中，以至于人们希望在网络上能够购买到放心的生鲜农产品的需求越来越大。
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编号（学号）：04054018（2004届本科毕业生）毕业论文（设计）——之外文翻译题目：非饱和水分运动参数空间变异的研究学院：水利学院专业：农业水利工程姓名：房军指导教师：陈晓飞教授教研室主任：孙仕军院长：王铁良完成日期：2004年 3 月22日非饱和水分运动参数空间变异的研究黄 冠 华(中国农业大学 水利与土木工程学院, 北京 100083)摘 要:田块尺度土壤特性的空间变异性对水分与溶质运移具有明显的影响。
该研究在野外30m ×30m 面积、土壤类型为砂壤土的田块的100个空间点上,分别利用张力计和取土样室内测定的方法测定了30cm 土层深处土壤水张力、土壤容重ρ、饱和含水率s θ,与初始含水率i θ,同时利用圭尔夫仪,测定了该田块同样深度108个空间点上的饱和水力传导度s k 与孔隙大小分布参数α。
利用经典统计分析与地质统计分析方法分析上述参数的空间变异特征,研究结果表明:ρ, i θ,s θ,s k 和容水度C 遵从正态分布,而α具有对数正态分布;s k ,α和C 具有较大的空间变异性,而ρ和s θ的空间变异性则较小;s k 和log α是空间统计相关的;土壤水张力的空间变异具有时不变特征,且土壤水张力方差是其均值的二次函数。
关键词:非饱和流;土壤特性;土壤水张力;空间变异1.介绍很显然水和溶质在自然界土壤内运输的过程由于土壤非均匀性或者空间变化性而导致了其不确定性。
在最近二十年内，水和溶质在非均质土壤中运输被描述成与土壤特性有关的随机模型为参数的随机空间函数[]51-。
不过根据参考文献[]75-，给定的土壤特性的空间变化性是随现场具体情况并且随土壤的类型和研究地区的规模而变化。
即不同的土壤特性表现不同的空间变化性。
因此， 在一个具体的站点，从一个区域土壤特性的数据集合分析而获得的统计特性和空间结构， 可能不适于描述在其它场所相同的土壤特性的空间变化性。
所以，在所有研究区域内进行区域实验并且分析收集的数据集合去确定土壤空间变化性是必要的。
在这项研究过程中，从一个区域实验来处理评价土壤特性和毛细张力水头的空间变化[]9,8。
用古典统计和地质统计的方法分析从区域实验收集的数据集合，并把结果与同类出版物相比较，于是得出结论。
2.材料和方法2.1场所描述1997年，在Yongledian （永乐淀）灌区实验站进行小区域实验，该区域位于北纬 40，东经 120，海拔高度为11m ，大约在北京市东南方的40km 处。
土壤被归为砂质壤土和砂质淤泥两类，土壤剖面上，砂质壤土为从地表到70cm 深处，而砂质淤泥在70cm 深处以下。
研究场所是有一个30m ⨯30m 的广场， 为了保证灌溉的均匀性，它被用插入地下100cm 的钢板隔成18个小畦田，每个小畦田的长和宽分别为10m 和5m (如图1)。
2.2实验布局 ，检查设备和实验程序在研究场所，108个空间点（如图1）被用来测定Gardner （加德纳1958）[]10模型的土壤容重ρ，土壤初始含水率i θ，土壤饱和含水率s θ，土壤饱和水力传导度s k 和孔隙大小分布参数α。
研究区内，两相邻空间测点之间的最大和最小距离分别为0.5m 和20m 。
饱和水力传导度和孔隙大小分布参数用Guelph Permeameter （圭尔夫仪）在每个测点的30cm 深处测定。
土壤容重和土壤含水率的测定，用钢柱（管）从这108个土壤剖面的30cm 深处取得未扰动土样进行试验测定，该钢柱高5cm ，直径4cm 。
同样，土壤初始含水率的测定，在每个土壤剖面同样的深度取扰动土样来试验测定。
在完成土壤参数的测定，在100个不同的测点处的30cm 深处安装100个水银张力计，来测定毛细张力水头ψ的空间变化特性。
两个相邻测点之间的距离约从0.5m 到9m 不等。
在安装张力计之后，在每个小畦田中灌6m 3水。
在首次灌水之后6天开始观察毛细张力水头，从1997年6月6日到1997年7月12日的观察时段内，大约29天的早8：00进行平行观测。
第二次灌溉应在1997年6月15日的观察之后，在每块畦田上灌溉的总水量约为5m 3。
同时测量土壤含水量，进水管安装在每块小畦田的中心约土壤表面以下2m 深处。
在观测毛细张力水头的同时，用中子探测仪在所有18个土壤剖面类型的6个不同深度10、20、30、50、70、和90cm 处观测土壤含水率。
每块小畦田的30cm 深处的土壤含水率的数据集合与平均毛细张力水头被用来确定滞流曲线的空间变化。
2.3统计和地质统计分析程序用田间实验所得数据集合来求样本平均值和标准差，如下：∑==ni i x x n M 11 （1）()∑=-=ni x i x M x n 121σ （2） xxx M Cov σ=（3）公式中x M ，()2x x σσ，x Cov 分别为样本X 土壤性能的样本平均值，标准差（变化）和变差系数；x Cov 通常用于样本X 土壤性能的空间变化的估算；n 是样本X 的数目。
Kolmogrov-Simirov 测试被用于确定土壤特性的统计配水规律。
土壤性能的空间结构可用不完全变量图来描述。
实验室的不完全变量和交叉不完全变量可以根据以下经验公式来估算[]11：()()()[]∑=*+-=hN i iihh xZ x Z N h 1221γ （4）()()()[]()()[]{}∑=*-+-+=hN i i i i ihx Z h x Z x Z h xZ N h 122111221γ （5）公式中h N 是对数价值变量()()[]h x Z x Z i i +,的数目，由矢量h 区分；()()h h **12,γγ分别是实验室测定的不完全变量和交叉不完全变量。
用三个理论模型来校核不完全变量和交叉不完全变量，球形模型（公式）如下：()⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧>+≤<⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+==ah a a a h a h a h a a h h 103310022300γ （6） 线性模型（公式）如下：()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>+≤⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=a h a a a h a h a a h 1010γ （7） 指数模型（公式）如下：()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=>⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--+=00exp 110h ah a h a a h γ （8） 公式中10,a a 分别为矿块情况和岩基情况；h 是距离；a 是范围。
完整系数或者相关系数83a=λ适合于球形模型，a 5.0=λ适合于线性模型，而a =λ适合于指数模型。
普通的最小二乘法（OLS ）估算程序被用于估算不完全变量方程的参数[]9。
通过完全可靠性检测和Kriging Technique 技术进行验证相关模型才能得以用于生产实践[]13,12。
3.结果和讨论3.1土壤特性的统计分析土壤特性的统计参数（见表格1）。
应当指出的是每块小畦田的单位土壤含水率C 是由基础实验所得土壤含水率和计算所得的平均毛细张力水头来决定的。
18条滞流曲线符合（满足）线性函数，因此，单位土壤含水率C 等于滞流曲线的斜表格 1 土壤特性的统计结果率的绝对值。
结果（见表格1）说明容重ρ，土壤初始含水率i θ，土壤饱和含水率s θ，土壤饱和水力传导度s K 和单位土壤含水率C 均服从正态分布，并且孔隙大小分布参数α呈对数正态分布。
孔隙大小分布参数α有最大的变差系数。
而且s K 和C 的平均变差系数约为53.6%，大约等于10倍的ρ和s θ的平均变差系数。
这表示α表现出最大的空间变化性，s K 和C 的空间变化性比α的空间变化性要小，而同一块畦田中ρ和s θ的空间变化性更小。
同时也发现i θ的空间变化性比s θ的大，这可能是由于观察前期同一畦田中降雨和灌溉的不均匀性导致的。
3.2土壤特性的空间结构用方程（6）、（7）和（8）来校核上面提到的所有计算所得的土壤特性不完全变量图及方程（4）和（5），然后用最小最适合的变幅来为每个土壤特性选定一个最优方程。
和田间数据集合ααθρlog ,,,,s s i K 相关的λ,,,10a a a 的估算值（见表格2）。
（如图2）所示，i θρ,的不完全变量图适合于用球形模型来解释，s θ的不完全变量图应用线性模型去解释，而s K 和αlog 的不完全变量和交叉不完全变量应该用2004届本科毕业生 外 文 翻 译沈阳农业大学水利学院6指数模型来解释。
表格 2 λ,,,10a a a 的估计值（见表格2）列举，因为S θ的变化大约77%是由于矿块情况的影响，而i θ的变化仅有约14%归因于矿块的影响。
这表明不同的土壤参数展示不同的矿块影响，这可能由于样本尺寸比最小的样本间隔（0.5m ）小所引起的变化性或测试误差所导致的。
（见表格2）也可以看出不同的土壤参数有不同的空间相关因子，S K 的相关因子是αlog 相关因子的3倍多。
这与Russo 和Bouton 的结论相悖（1992）[]6。
3.3毛细张力水头分析毛细张力水头的空间平均值和变化可用在田间每次观测所得的数据集合计算得出，相关数据点（如图3）。
显然毛细张力水头的变化和平均值密切相关。
毛细张力水头的变化与毛细张力水头的平均值之间的关系能被以下二次函数校核（如图3），如下：14.41658410.582318.022+-=H H h σ （9）公式中H h ,2σ分别为毛细张力水头的空间变化和空间平均值。
这个结果类似于Yeh et al 的观察结果（1986）[]14以及Yeh et al 的分析结果（1985）[]2，Mantoglou 和Gelher （1987），Huang （黄）（1999）[]15,3.表格 3 两个阶段毛细张力水头的空间结构的估算结果为了鉴定被观察的毛细张力水头的空间结构，用在两个典型时期（共计15天）收集到的数据，在假定各向同性的条件下，用方程（4）估算不完全变量。
观察的第一个时期从1997年6月7日到1997年6月15日，在这个时期毛细张力水头是比较高的；第二个时期涵盖从1997年6月17日到1997年6月24日，正好在第二次灌溉之后，这个时期毛细张力水头相对较低。
根据最小二乘法（OLS ）估算器和完全可靠性检测，发现毛细张力水头的不完全变量能用线性函数来表示，（如图4a 和4b ）所示。
（见表格3）列举的结果显示，在两个观察期内，当平均值逐日变化时，变差系数和毛细张力水头的范围在一定程度上是不同的，即毛细张力水头的空间变化是不随时间变化而变化的。
另一方面，从方程（9）的结果可以知道，在这两个时期内，估计的岩基情况随毛细张力水头的平均值和变化的增大而增大。
4.结论非饱和流的空间变化性已经通过田间实验和统计分析在这篇文章得以研究验证，主要结论总结如下：（1）土壤容重ρ，土壤初始含水率i θ，土壤饱和含水率s θ，单位土壤含水率C 和土壤饱和水力传导度s K 都近似服从正态分布。