第六章出口合同履行

货、证、船、款
第一节 信用证操作——催证、审证、改证
一、催证 催证指卖方通知或催促国外买方按合同规定（一般为装运前15 天）开出信用证。按合同规定及时开出信用证是买方在信用证 支付方式合同中一项主要义务，它是卖方在此种交易中顺利履 行合同、安全及时收回货款的前提。 催证方式：信函、电报、电传、传真、邮件
需要催证的情况:
1、合同内规定的装运期距合同签订的日期较长，或合同规定 买方应在装运期前一定时间开出信用证。
2、卖方提早将货备妥，可以提前装运，可与买方商议提前交 货。
3、国外买方没有在合同规定期限内开出信用证。 4、买方信誉不佳，故意拖延开证，或因资金等问题无力向开
证行交纳押金。 5、签约日期和履约日期相隔较远应在合同规定开证日之前，
➢ We hope that you will take commercial reputation into account in all seriousness and open L/C at once,otherwise you will be responsible for all the losses arising therefrom. 希望贵方认真考虑商业信誉，立即开证，否则，由此产生的一切损失均由 贵方负责。
➢ The shipment time for your order is approaching，but we have not yet received the covering L/C.Pls do your utmost to expedite the same to reach here before the end of this month so that shipment may be effected without dealy。 贵方 定单 的装船期已经临近，但我们尚未收入到有关信用证，请尽最大 努力从速将信用证在本月底开到，以便及时装运。
去信表示对该笔交易的重视。并提醒对方及时开证。
➢ As the goods against your order No.111 have been ready for shipment for quite some time，it is imperative that you take immediate action to have the covering credit established as soon as possible。 由于贵方 定单 第111号之货已备待运有相当长时间了，贵方必须立即行动 尽快开出 信用证 。
UCP600第四条 信用证与合同:
a. A credit by its nature is a separate transaction from the sale or other contract on which it may be based. Banks are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract, even if any reference whatsoever to it is included in the credit. Consequently, the undertaking of a bank to honour, to negotiate or to fulfil any other obligation under the credit is not subject to claims or defences by the applicant resulting from its relationships with the issuing bank or the beneficiary. A beneficiary can in no case avail itself of the contractual relationships existing between banks or between the applicant and the issuing bank.
第6章 出口合同履行
学习目标
➢信用证的操作 ➢拟定合同价格条款 ➢租船、订舱 ➢备货报检 ➢办理保险 ➢集港报关 ➢出口退税与外汇核销
出口流程：
海运出口货物运输
以CIF或CFR条件成交 ,由卖方安排运输时
1.催证、审证、改证
2.备货 3.租船订舱 4.报检保险 5.货物集港 6.报关 7.装船 8.退税、外汇核销
aΒιβλιοθήκη Baidu 就性质而言，信用证与可能作为其依据的销售合同或其它合同，是相互独 立的交易。即使信用证中提及该合同，银行亦与该合同完全无关，且不受其 约束。因此，一家银行作出兑付、议付或履行信用证项下其它义务的承诺， 并不受申请人与开证行之间或与受益人之间在已有关系下产生的索偿或抗辩 的制约。受益人在任何情况下，不得利用银行之间或申请人与开证行之间的 契约关系。
UCP600第三十四条 关于单据有效性的免责:
A bank assumes no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any document, or for the general or particular conditions stipulated in a document or superimposed thereon; nor does it assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods, services or other performance represented by any document, or for the good faith or acts or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the consignor, the carrier, the forwarder, the consignee or the insurer of the goods or any other person.
买方信用证最少应在货物装运期前15天开到卖方手中。对于资信情况不是很 了解的新客户原则上坚持在装运期前30天或45天甚至更长的期限，并且配 合生产加工期限和客户的要求灵活掌握信用证的开证日期。在实际业务中， 国外客户在遇到市场行情变化或缺乏资金的情况下，往往拖延开证，因此出 口商应及时经常检查买方的开证情况。
UCP600第五条单据与货物／服务／行为:
Banks deal with documents and not with goods, services or performance to which the documents may relate . 银行处理的是单据，而不是单据所涉及的货物、服务或其它行为