美国文学 马克吐温及其作品赏析 Mark Twain
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1868 drew the attention of the nation to a new genre of writing. In 1880’s it reached its climax; not until the turn of the century did it cease to be a dominant fashion, as its limited resources were exhausted.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Fiction writers like Sarah Orne Jewett, Bret Harte, and Mark Twain have been identified within this tradition.
Influence of Local Colorism:
1. For over 3 decades, it formed an important part of the realistic
1889
B. 1870s-90s: later works become darker and more obscure,
showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social
reality.
The Gilded Age 1873 Life on Mississippi 1883 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1886
A story of his seeking for freedom, fame, fortune, love, manhood.
The novel reveals the American values: one is hero complex, the
other is American dream. His adventures is the realization of American dream.
literary or artistic work.
Local Colorists concerned with presenting and interpreting the local characteristic of their regions, they tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.
such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.
It is easy to see that the novel provides an allegory to explain how and why slavery is wrong. Twain uses Jim, a main character and a slave, to demonstrate the humanity of slaves. Jim expresses the complicated human emotions and struggles with the path of his life. To prevent being sold and forced to separate from his family, Jim runs away from his owner, Miss Watson, and works towards obtaining freedom so he can buy his family’s freedom. All along their journey downriver, Jim cares for and protects of Huck, not as a servant, but as a friend. Thus, Twain's encourages the reader to feel sympathy and empathy for Jim and outrage at the society that has enslaved him and threatened his life.
Harlem Garland defined it as: “having such quality of texture and
background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native.”
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Plot summary
Major themes
Artistic features
Plot Summary
the story takes place along the Mississippi river. Along this river
1872
《艰苦岁月》是一部回忆录，写作者到内华达找矿经过，其中有不少虚
构成分，把艰苦的淘金生活写得生气勃勃，热气腾腾，其间一些夸张 、 滑稽的故事表现出马克•吐温的喜剧才能
The Prince and the Pauper 1881
Pudd’nhead Wilson
1893.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
C. 1890s-20th century：His last works shows his
acute pessimism, despair, skepticism determinism.
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 1900 The mysterious stranger 1916 Roughing It
slavery, Twain demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world
of moral confusion, in which “seemingly good” white people
and all of us since are his heirs, who descended from him.”
— William Faulkner
Major Works
three periods
A. 1860’s : earlier works are light, humorous, optimistic.
The style of writing derived from the presentation of the features and peculiarities of a particular locality and its inhabitants. Simply it means the use of regional detail in a
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Local Colorism (Regionalism)
As a literary trend, local colorism first appeared in the late
1860’s and early 70’s. Pret Harte’s The Luck of Roaring Camp in
求自由，反对腐朽的黑奴制度的主题。美国著名作家海明威说，“一切
现代美国文学来自一本书，即马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险 记》„„这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书，在它
之前，或在它之后，都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。”
Major Themes
slavery and racism. in the novel, by exposing the hypocrisy of
imagination of authors such as Willa Cather, John Steinbeck and William Faulkner, who ultimately managed, by rooting their works in their places, to the planes of universal meaning.
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
“The true father of our national literature”
— H. L. Mencken
“In my opinion, Mark Twain was the first truly American writer,
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国文学史上具有划时代意义的现实主义
著作。小说以南北战争前的美国为背景，叙述白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆 同乘木筏沿密西西比河逃亡的历险故事。在小说中作者以其精湛的艺术 技巧，民主主义的思想内容，风趣幽默的笔触，栩栩如生的形象，为我 们认识上个世纪中叶的美国社会提供了丰富的生活图画，反映了人们追
On the other hand, the book record the rising Age of American
Bourgeois system. It also bears the irony and satire toward the religion and by-then popular rigid, didactic children education, which curbed the imagination of children and their innate nature for freedom and adventures and molded them into a stereotype of lifeless man.
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (a frontier
humor which made Twain become famous)1865
Innocents Abroad 1869 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
floats a small raft, with two people on it: one is an ignorant,
uneducated Black slave named Jim and the other is a little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of 13, call Huckleberry Finn. The book relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changed his mind, his prejudice against black people, and came to accept Jim as a man and a close friend as well.
movement. The truthful depiction of the common people added strength to the Realism which Howells championed with James and Mark Twain.
2. The local spirit continues to inspire and fertilize the
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Fiction writers like Sarah Orne Jewett, Bret Harte, and Mark Twain have been identified within this tradition.
Influence of Local Colorism:
1. For over 3 decades, it formed an important part of the realistic
1889
B. 1870s-90s: later works become darker and more obscure,
showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social
reality.
The Gilded Age 1873 Life on Mississippi 1883 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1886
A story of his seeking for freedom, fame, fortune, love, manhood.
The novel reveals the American values: one is hero complex, the
other is American dream. His adventures is the realization of American dream.
literary or artistic work.
Local Colorists concerned with presenting and interpreting the local characteristic of their regions, they tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.
such as Miss Watson and Sally Phelps express no concern about the injustice of slavery or the cruelty of separating Jim from his family.
It is easy to see that the novel provides an allegory to explain how and why slavery is wrong. Twain uses Jim, a main character and a slave, to demonstrate the humanity of slaves. Jim expresses the complicated human emotions and struggles with the path of his life. To prevent being sold and forced to separate from his family, Jim runs away from his owner, Miss Watson, and works towards obtaining freedom so he can buy his family’s freedom. All along their journey downriver, Jim cares for and protects of Huck, not as a servant, but as a friend. Thus, Twain's encourages the reader to feel sympathy and empathy for Jim and outrage at the society that has enslaved him and threatened his life.
Harlem Garland defined it as: “having such quality of texture and
background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native.”
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Plot summary
Major themes
Artistic features
Plot Summary
the story takes place along the Mississippi river. Along this river
1872
《艰苦岁月》是一部回忆录，写作者到内华达找矿经过，其中有不少虚
构成分，把艰苦的淘金生活写得生气勃勃，热气腾腾，其间一些夸张 、 滑稽的故事表现出马克•吐温的喜剧才能
The Prince and the Pauper 1881
Pudd’nhead Wilson
1893.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
C. 1890s-20th century：His last works shows his
acute pessimism, despair, skepticism determinism.
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 1900 The mysterious stranger 1916 Roughing It
slavery, Twain demonstrates how racism distorts the oppressors as much as it does those who are oppressed. The result is a world
of moral confusion, in which “seemingly good” white people
and all of us since are his heirs, who descended from him.”
— William Faulkner
Major Works
three periods
A. 1860’s : earlier works are light, humorous, optimistic.
The style of writing derived from the presentation of the features and peculiarities of a particular locality and its inhabitants. Simply it means the use of regional detail in a
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Local Colorism (Regionalism)
As a literary trend, local colorism first appeared in the late
1860’s and early 70’s. Pret Harte’s The Luck of Roaring Camp in
求自由，反对腐朽的黑奴制度的主题。美国著名作家海明威说，“一切
现代美国文学来自一本书，即马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险 记》„„这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书，在它
之前，或在它之后，都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。”
Major Themes
slavery and racism. in the novel, by exposing the hypocrisy of
imagination of authors such as Willa Cather, John Steinbeck and William Faulkner, who ultimately managed, by rooting their works in their places, to the planes of universal meaning.
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
“The true father of our national literature”
— H. L. Mencken
“In my opinion, Mark Twain was the first truly American writer,
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国文学史上具有划时代意义的现实主义
著作。小说以南北战争前的美国为背景，叙述白人孩子哈克和黑奴吉姆 同乘木筏沿密西西比河逃亡的历险故事。在小说中作者以其精湛的艺术 技巧，民主主义的思想内容，风趣幽默的笔触，栩栩如生的形象，为我 们认识上个世纪中叶的美国社会提供了丰富的生活图画，反映了人们追
On the other hand, the book record the rising Age of American
Bourgeois system. It also bears the irony and satire toward the religion and by-then popular rigid, didactic children education, which curbed the imagination of children and their innate nature for freedom and adventures and molded them into a stereotype of lifeless man.
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (a frontier
humor which made Twain become famous)1865
Innocents Abroad 1869 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
floats a small raft, with two people on it: one is an ignorant,
uneducated Black slave named Jim and the other is a little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of 13, call Huckleberry Finn. The book relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changed his mind, his prejudice against black people, and came to accept Jim as a man and a close friend as well.
movement. The truthful depiction of the common people added strength to the Realism which Howells championed with James and Mark Twain.
2. The local spirit continues to inspire and fertilize the