【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(一)动词的时态和语态

高考英语一轮复习语法专题（一）
动词的时态和语态
一、一般、进行、完成时的含义
二、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：
三、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
1.一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。

两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。

2.过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before引导的短语表示，如by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time＋句子等。

四、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
比较下面的说法，体会两种时态的不同：
五、动词时态的一些典型用法
1.在条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I’ll not go unless I’m invited. 除非我受到邀请，要不我是不会去的。

Tell him the news as soon as he comes. 他一来就告诉他这个消息。

2.“used to/would＋动词原形”可以表示过去经常或习惯性的动作。

Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and the sound of a metallic noise.
在夜里她经常听到长长的低沉的口哨和金属声音。

3.“be ＋to do”表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。

All the questions are to be answered at once.
所有的问题都必须马上回答。

No one is to leave the room without permission.
任何人未经允许不得离开房间。

4.一般过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。

I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。

I never thought he would do that. 我从没想到他会做出这样的事。

5.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope，expect，mean，intend，
want，think，suppose，want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。

I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.
我本希望在上海多看看。

(但未能如愿)
I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。

6.某些固定句式中的动词时态。

(1) This/It is the first/second time＋that从句。

that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的
is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。

This is the first time I have come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。

It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.
这已经是他第三次犯同样的错误了。

(2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句。

since从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is 改为was，则since从句中用过去完成时。

It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们已经有十年没有这么高兴过了。

(3)be about to do...when...意为“即将……(这时)突然……”。

I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去这时电话铃声响了。

(4)be(was/were)＋doing...when...意为“正在干……(这时)突然……”。

They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.
他们正在看书突然汤姆痛苦得大叫起来。

(5)Hardly had...done...when...；No sooner had...done...than...意为“刚……就……”。

Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.
我一到家雨就倾盆而下。

(6)It＋be＋一段时间＋before从句
如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。

It won’t be long before he succeeds. 要不了多久他就会成功。

It was ten years before they met again. 他们上次见面是十年前。

六、短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态
The doctor has been sent for.
已经派人请大夫去了。

Time must be made good use of.
时间一定要充分利用。

Bad habits have been done away with.
坏习惯已经改掉了。

七、get＋过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周得到一次治疗。

七、主动形式表被动意义
1.系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove，appear＋形容词/名词构成的系表结构。

The steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。

His plan proved (to be) practical. 他的计划证明是实用的。

2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。

如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，
run，move等。

Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 工作今天上午7点开始。

The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 商店每天6点关门。

3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。

如read，write，act，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，
cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，drink。

这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。

This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。

Your speech reads well. 你的演说讲得好。

Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔好写。

4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。

如print，build，cook，fry，hang，make。

The books are printing. 这本书正在排印中。

The meat is cooking. 在煮肉。

5.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit，have，wish，cost，agree with，arrive at/in，
shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等。

如：
This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙正好和这把锁匹配。

Your story agrees with what has already been heard.
你的故事和他所听说的相符合。

5.介词in，on，under等＋名词构成介词短语表被动意义。

如：
under control受控制
under treatment在治疗中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
under construction在施工中
beyond belief令人难以置信
beyond one’s reach鞭长莫及
beyond one’s control无法控制
for rent出租
in print 在印刷中
in sight 在视野范围内
on sale出售
on show 展出
on trial受审
out of control控制不了
out of sight 超出视线之外
out of one’s reach够不着
The building is under construction. 这楼正在建造中。

His honest character is beyond all praise. 他诚实的品格是最值得赞赏的。

Today some treasures are on show in the museum.
今天博物馆展出了一些珍品。

过关落实
1.The flowers were so lovely that they ________ in no time.
A.sold
B. had been sold
C. were sold
D. would sell
解析：由“时态一致”原则可知，应该使用一般过去时态，又因“花”和“卖”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。

答案：C
2.—Is there anything wrong，Bob? You look sad.
—Oh，nothing much. In fact，I ________ of my friends back home.
A.have just thought
B. was just thinking
C. would just think
D. will just be thinking
解析：说话人说刚才在思念家乡的朋友，故用过去进行时。

答案：B
3.—Tom，you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I ________，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A.had to
B. didn’t
C. was going to
D. wouldn’t
解析：was going to表示本打算做某事，而实际上没做。

答案：C
4. —Did you see a man in black pants pass by just now?
—No，sir. I ________ a newspaper.
A.read
B. was reading
C. would read
D. am reading
解析：句意为“没看见，先生。

我刚才正在读报纸。

”，故用过去进行时。

答案：B
5.—________ you ________ him around the museum yet?
—Yes. We had a great time there.
A.Have；shown
B. Do；show
C. Had；shown
D. Did；show
解析：用现在完成时询问已经发生的事情，语气委婉，用一般过去时回答对方的询问，显得简明。

答案：A
6.—I have got a headache.
—No wonder.You ________ in front of that computer too long.
A.work
B. are working
C. have been working
D. worked
解析：现在完成进行时表示动作一直在持续。

答案：C
7.—It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
—Oh，don’t mention it.I ________ past your house anyway.
A.was coming
B. will come
C. had come
D. have come
解析：由句意可知在谈论过去的事，故排除B、D，而C表示“你搭车前我已经从你家门口路过了”，不符合题意。

答案：A
8.If Newton lived today，he would be surprised by what _______ in science and technology.
A.had discovered
B. had been discovered
C. has discovered
D. has been discovered
解析：“today”是表示现在的时间状语，应该使用现在完成时。

答案：D
9.They ________ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A.had got
B. got
C. have got
D. get
解析：句子的后半部分为虚拟语气，由would never have been 可知，得到票是过去的事情，因此用一般过去时。

答案：B
10.As the years passed，many occasions—birthdays，awards，graduations—_____with
Dad’s flowers.
A.are marked
B. were marked
C. have marked
D. had marked
解析：mark...with...“用……给……作标记”，由句意可知应用被动语态且为过去时。

答案：B
11.My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ________ there for a few months and then
went to America.
A.worked
B. would work
C. would be working
D. has been working
解析：worked与went为并列结构，故都用过去式。

答案：A
12.I think it is necessary for my 19­year­old son to have his own mobile phone，for I sometimes
want to make sure if he ________ home for dinner.
e
B. comes
C. has come
D. will come
解析：“……我有时想确定他是否会(will)回家吃饭”。

答案：D
13.The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A.was felt
B. is felt
C. felt
D. feels
解析：当feel表示“摸起来”时是系动词，不可用被动语态。

答案：C
14.—I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
—Well，surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and
________ now.
A.has been questioned
B. is being questioned
C. is questioning
D. has questioned
解析：表示被捕的人“正在被盘问”(is being questioned now)。

答案：B
15.The construction of the two new railway lines ________ by now.
A.has been completed
B. have been completed
C. has completed
D. have completed
解析：by now意为“到现在为止”，句中应用现在完成时；主语为单数(construction)且与动词complete有动宾关系，所以用被动。

故选A。

答案：A。