高考必考语法精讲精练专题十一：并列句与状语从句(含解析)
并列句+状语从句用法精讲
英语中并列句的四种类型一、联合关系常用的连词有and( 同，和), when(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后), not only…but (also)…( 不仅……而且…… ), neither…nor… （既不……也不……）等。
如：He helps me and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。
He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。
I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，电话铃响了。
注：when 作这种用法时，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did 等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
二、选择关系常用的连词有or( 或者，否则), otherwise( 否则), or else( 否则), either...or( 不是……就是) 。
如：Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late. 快点，否则就会迟到了。
Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 你那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。
Either Tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。
专题11并列句和状语从句-2022届新高考英语基础记忆及题型解题技巧(含答案解析)
并列句和状语从句1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构。
(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。
2．牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。
3．注意固定句式中的连词。
句子分类{简单句{ 主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语+系动词+表语★★★并列连词{ 表递进或顺承关系表选择关系表转折关系表因果关系复合句{(★★★)定语从句(见后面的表)(★)名词性从句(见后面的表)(★)状语从句(见后面的表) 考点一 并列句Xiao Ming took his cellphone to school and ① he played cellphone in class ，so ① his head teacher was very angry.He said to Xiao Ming ，“Others are studying hard while ① you are playing hard.You either quit school or break the cellphone.①” Xiao Ming didn’t want to break his cellphone but ①he couldn’t quit school.He thought to himself ，“ Break it, or I will be dismissed.①” If he was dismissed ，not only would her mother cry but also his father would deliver him a spanking ①.上述所有连词在使用时，一定要注意连词所连接的成分都是同样的结构。
如果连接单词则两边都是单词，如果连接句子则两边都是句子，如果连接短语则两边都是短语。
近五年高考语法真题专练：并列句和状语从句(含解析)
近五年高考语法真题专练：并列句和状语从句（含解析）2018年高考题【2018·江苏】29. _______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.A. OnceB. UnlessC. IfD. When【答案】B【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。
句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。
A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When 当……时候。
故选B。
【2018·天津】4. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.A. ever sinceB. as ifC. even thoughD. so that【答案】D【2018·北京】2. _________ we don’t stop cl imate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until【答案】C2017年高考题【2017·北京】28. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.A. becauseB. thoughC. untilD. since【2017·北京】25. ______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.A. OnceB. IfC. AlthoughD. Because【答案】C【2017·北京】22. —Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.A. butB. orC. forD. so【答案】D试题分析：A. but 但是 B. or 或者C. for 因为 D. so因此句意：Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过，根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系，故用so，选D。
高考英语—并列句与状语从句题目含解析
并列句与状语从句2018.01 Ⅰ.根据语境填入适当的连词1．Bringtheflowersintoawarmroom__and__they'llsoonopen.2．OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway__when__mydaughter heardcriesforhelp.3．Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday，__but/yet__hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.4．Ithenrealizedshehadnoarms__or__legs,justahead,neckandtorso.5．Hetooktheoldmannotjustacrosstheriver,__but__tohishome.6．...thegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasin gpopulation,ratherthanonewhichisstable__or__indecline.7．Standoverthere__and__you'llbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.8．Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,__for__hiseyesightwasbeginningtofa il.9．Startoutrightaway,__or__you'llmissthefirsttrain.10．Wewereswimminginthelake__when__suddenlythestormstarted.11．WearegoingtothebookstoreinJohn'scar.Youcancomewithus__or__youcan meetustherelater.12．Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshade__and_ _satdowntoeatourpicniclunch.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．(2014·江苏，21改编)Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture__though/although__historycannotbechang ed.解析：对比分析两个句子的意思可知从句表达的意思是“虽然；尽管”。
高考必考语法精讲精练专题十一：并列句与状语从句(含解析)
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十一：并列句与状语从句状语从句是比较重要的语法项目。
《2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将状语从句列为必考项。
全国卷新课标Ⅰ对状语从句的考查一般在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。
2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。
2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ第43题（完形填空）考查了状语从句引导词Since /Although /As /If 的选择。
2020年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。
一、并列句(一) 并列连词①They come from the same country，and they are good friends.②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?规律总结：1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。
2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。
4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式①Work hard and you will succeed.＝If you work hard, you will succeed.②Hurry up or we will be late.＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.③A few more efforts and you will succeed.＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.规律总结：1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
专题十一 并列句和状语从句 讲解与练习 (共47页PPT)
I didn’t leave until she came back. 同义句转化: Not until she came back did I leave. (倒装句) It was not until she came back that I left . (强调句)
四、before和since
(3)Till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until you told me I had no idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。 (4)not …until 句型的倒装和强调用法 直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句) Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句要用部分倒装)
4.如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延 续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在 进行的动作，此时，when，while和as可互换 使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
many of his
④ Work hard and you will be admitted to
a key university.
⑤ Hurry up or you will miss the bus.
状语从句
状语从句 (Adverbial Clause)： 指句子用作状语时， 起副词作用的句子。 作用：修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整 个句子。 种类：时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、 让步、方式和比较等从句。 连接词：一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由 词组引起。 位置：从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句 隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
高考二轮英语语法专训：11-并列句和状语从句----(解析版)
2021届高考二轮英语语法专训11. 并列句和状语从句重点一并列句★★★★★并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点，考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。
1．and表示顺承以及并列关系，还可以用于固定句式：“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。
2．but表示转折关系，不能与although和though连用。
3．so为表示因果关系的连词，一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因，so后面的句子为结果，so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。
4．or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词，or还可译为“否则”，可用于句型：“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”。
5．利用连词词组both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but also ...、either ... or ...、not ... but ...特殊搭配解题。
6．when/while用作并列连词when和while可做并列连词。
when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“然而，而”，表对比或转折关系。
并列连词when常用于以下句型中：...was/were doing ...when ...……正在做……突然……...was/were about to do ...when ...……刚要做……突然……...was/were on the point of doing ...when ...……刚要做……突然……...had just done ...when ...……刚/一……就……·The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.孩子们正在玩耍，这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。
·He is strong while his brother is weak.他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。
(单句填空)1．(2018·浙江高考)Small amounts of caffeine—a cup ________ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people.答案与解析or句意：对于大多数人来说，少量的咖啡因——每天一杯或者两杯咖啡似乎是安全的。
(完整版)并列句和状语从句讲解
重要的连词辨析 1 as 做连词，引导时间、让步、方式、原因和定语从句 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. （时间） You will grow wiser as you grow older. （时间） Fail as I might, I still want to attempt it. （让步） Child as he is, he can lift such a heavy box. （让步） Little as he is, he can lift such a heavy box. （让步）
the’y ctaangre’e tthbaet solved.
Some men are rich, while others are poor.
状语从句中的倒装
Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.
Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.
Such a clever student was he that he was able to work out all the problems.
though 连词 “虽然 ”让步状语从句
Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
4 地点状语从句
Where, wherever, everywhere, nowhere
5 方式状语从句
as, as if, as though
6 结果状语从句
(1)so that, so
并列句和状语从句考点透析
并列句和状语从句考点透析
答案：
1.状语从句的考查形式灵活，覆盖面广泛，是高考中的重要考查项目。
考生容易混淆的连词是考查的重点，主要考查内容有条件状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句和地点状语从句，也时而涉及到结果状语从句和原因状语从句等。
2.综合性考查将会加强，如状语从句和定语从句、名词性从句的交叉考查。
3.并列句是由并列连词将两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起构成的句子.并列连词主要是用来表示并列关系、选择关系、因果推理关系等，也可用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。
而状语从句则用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果等方面的关系。
单项填空题型中，该部分是必考内容。
并列连词在这个题型中重点考查and，but，or，so等;状语从句的考查主要集中在条件状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句和结果状语从句等中。
解决并列句和状语从句的关键是找出句子之间或从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。
202X年高考英语一轮复习语法专题 并列句和状语从句
202X年高考英语一轮复习语法专题并列句和状语从句一、并列句（Coordination）并列句是由两个或多个相互独立的句子通过并列连词（and, but, or, so, yet等）连接而成的句子结构。
并列句常用于表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系等。
1. 表示并列关系- I like to play basketball, and my brother likes to play soccer.（我喜欢打篮球，我弟喜欢踢足球。
）- She is a doctor, but her husband is a lawyer.（她是一名医生，但她丈夫是一名律师。
）- We can go to the park or to the beach.（我们可以去公园或者去海滩。
）2. 表示转折关系- He wanted to go to the movie, but he didn't have enough money.（他想去看电影，但是他没钱。
）- She can be strict sometimes, yet she is very kind.（她有时候可以很严厉，然而她非常善良。
）第1页/共4页3. 表示选择关系- You can have tea or coffee, whichever you prefer.（你可以喝茶或者咖啡，无论你喜欢哪个。
）- You can either study or relax, it's up to you.（你可以要么学习要么放松，由你决定。
）4. 表示因果关系- He worked hard, so he passed the exam.（他努力学习，所以他通过了考试。
）- She missed the bus, therefore she had to walk home.（她错过了公交车，因此她不得不步行回家。
）二、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）状语从句是由一个从属连词引导的、在句中充当状语的句子。
高考英语专题语法训练——并列句和状语从句
专题3并列句和状语从句考向1并列句中的并列连词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.It was time for her to have a new baby，and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016·四川)解析句意为：是时候再生一个孩子了，熊猫宝宝也到独立的时候了。
It was time for...和it was also time for...之间是并列关系，故用and连接。
2.But the river wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)解析 a few days和a few months为选择关系，因此要用or连接。
3.We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week，but for the week after.(2014·广东) 解析not...but...为固定结构，表示“不是……而是……”。
4.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much nor too little.”(2013·广东)解析neither...nor...既不……也不……，为固定搭配。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders，sobut/yet once I started the car，my mind went blank.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析根据前后句意思可知这里表示转折概念，并非因果，所以把so改为but或yet。
语法专题11连词和状语从句
语法专题突破
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四
语法专题十一 连词和状语从句
核心考点 考点五 考点六 对应演练 考点七 考点八 考点九
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考点二 时间状语从句 1.when,while,as都可译为“当……的时候”,但侧重点有所不同。 当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。 as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home. 我们一边走她一边唱,她唱的时候我认真地听,到家的时候我们感 觉很高兴。
语法专题突破
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四
语法专题十一 连词和状语从句
核心考点 考点五 考点六 对应演练 考点七 考点八 考点九
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He is so young that he cannot go to school. 他太小了以至于不能上学。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk. 天气这么好,以至于我们都想出去散步。
语法专题突破
考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四
语法专题十一 连词和状语从句
核心考点 考点五 考点六 对应演练 考点七 考点八 考点九
-6-
2.until 和not...until until 要与延续性动词连用;not...until 要与非延续性动词连用。 He didn������ t go to bed until his father came back. 他直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。 3.since意为“自从……以来”,其后面所用动词不同,该动词所表 示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了。) It is two years since he smoked.(他戒烟两年了。)
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解11---简单句和并列句(解析版)
二、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
I plan to find a part-time job in a foreign capital
宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等 company.
来充当。
三．主语＋系动词＋表语
This is surely a good chance for more people to see
单 句 中
基本否定：用 等 2.
hardly, seldom, little, few,
含否定意义的词，修饰动词或名词，否定谓
语或主语宾语。如：
6. 句中虽有带否定前缀或后缀的词，但却不视为否 定句，其反意问句的附加问句用否定形式。如：
的 The old man can hardly read.
You are unwelcome, aren't you?
very popular among us students.
．表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短 简 2
I have to prove myself as a respectable, balanced
单 语、不定式及分词等。
person. Many questions about the crime remain unanswered.
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解 专题十一 简单句和并列句
考点一．简单句的易错点
简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语 (或并列谓语) 构成的句子。
一、主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
What’s worse, I don’t communicate well in my family.
And I can play outside too!
2020年高考英语之高频考点解密十一 并列句和状语从句
解密11并列句和状语从句考点详解【考点解读】重点把握引导并列句和时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词的灵活运用。
掌握状语从句的时态、语态、语气和省略【命题规律】考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力，与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查近年高考的发展趋向：从属连词在具体语境中的运用，及从属连词词义的延伸。
设问角度越来越多样化。
【备考策略】考生要具备全面的状语从句的知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和运用特征，注意把握并列连词的用法，研读近几年高考题中的状语从句，提高运用状语从句的能力。
考向1 并列句一、并列连词1.表示并列关系的连词：and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。
☞He helps me and I help him. 他帮我，我帮他。
both…and：＂两个都……＂，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。
☞Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.neither…nor: ＂既不……也不……＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。
连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。
☞Neither he nor I am right.not only…but also: ＂不仅……而且……＂，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。
☞Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school.2. 表示选择关系的连词：or ：用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示＂和，与＂；用于＂祈使句+or+陈述句＂中，意为＂否则，要不然＂。
☞The baby is too young. He can ’t speak or walk.either…or …：＂要么……要么＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。
2021年高中英语学业水平合格性考试复习课件：专题十一 并列句和状语从句
第二部分基础语法突破专题十一并列句和状语从句，考点清单并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成。
在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。
并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
并列连词主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。
一、表示并列关系的连词表示并列关系的连词有and,both…and…,not…but…, not only...but also,neither・・・nor・・等。
I came here in2001,and I have lived here ever since.Not only was the city polluted but also the streets were crowded.二、表示选择关系的连词表示选择关系的连词有or,either・・・or・・・等。
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.三、表示转折关系的连词表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。
It's an old car,but it's very reliable.I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.八、方式状语从句方式状语从句用as,as if/though引导。
as if/though 引导的从句常用虚拟语气（但是当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if从句要用陈述语气）。
The worker finished his work as the boss told him.She treats her husband as if he were a stranger.九、比较状语从句比较状语从句由as,than引导，从句中通常省略与主句相同的部分，或用助动词do,does,did代替与主句部分相同的谓语。
There are as many people in our town as(there are) in your town.She's a better player than(she was)last year.。
高中英语语法--并列句与状语从句专项讲解及训练
专题十并列句与状语从句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。
在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
1．转折/对比并列连词连接的并列句常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括but, while(而)等。
其中，while连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。
It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north.2．联合并列连词连接的并列句常用的表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词有and, not only ... but (also), neither ...nor等。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but (also) he spoke more easily.3．选择并列连词(or, either ... or, not ...but ...等) 连接的并列句Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?4．因果并列连词(for, so等)连接的并列句He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.5．特殊并列连词及并列句(1)when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。
常用下列句式：①be about to do sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”②be on the point of doing sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”③be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”④had done sth. when ...“刚做了某事，这时突然……”He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.(2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
专题11 并列句和状语从句(讲解版)-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破
专题11 并列句和状语从句备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破（讲解版）研究高考明确考况必备知识整合提高考点1、并列句①、and, not only...but(also)…,both and..., neither...nor...等，表并列或递进关系。
●There the air is clean and the mountains are green.那里空气清新,千山一碧。
●He not onl y read the book, but also remembered what he had read.他不但读了这本书,而且还记得所读的内容。
②、but, yet, whereas等，表转折关系。
●The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 这次失败对他是个很的打击，但他并没有灰心，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
●Some of the stu dies show positive results, whereas others do not.有一些研究显示出了积极的结果,但其他的则不然。
③、or, either...or..., not...but...等，表选择关系。
●Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工作,要么我就辞退你。
④、for, so表因果关系。
for连接的分句一般不放在句首。
●The leaves of trees are fal ling, for it's already autumn.树叶掉落,因为秋天已经到了。
●Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, so plants can spread to new places.一些动物将种子从一个地方带到一个地方,因此植物(的种子)可以被传播到新的地方。
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高考必考语法精讲精练专题十一：并列句与状语从句(含解析)-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十一：并列句与状语从句状语从句是比较重要的语法项目。
《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将状语从句列为必考项。
全国卷新课标Ⅰ对状语从句的考查一般在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第43题（完形填空）考查了状语从句引导词Since/Although /As /If的选择。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。
一、并列句(一) 并列连词①They come from the same country，and they are good friends.②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day withher.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?规律总结：1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。
2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。
4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式①Work hard and you will succeed.＝If you work hard, you will succeed.②Hurry up or we will be late.＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.③A few more efforts and you will succeed.＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.规律总结：1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。
二、状语从句英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。
状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。
从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。
例如：①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)③I have brought an umbrella so that I don’t get wet.(结果)④I have brought an umbrella even though it’s not raining.(让步)⑤You don’t need bring an umbrella unless it is raining.(条件)因此，学习状语从句的关键是掌握引导九类状语从句的关联词，只要能记住关联词，一般都能识别是哪种状语从句，从而正确分析句子结构并理解句子意思。
下面分别对九大类别的状语从句进行举例说明：（一）时间状语从句时间状语从句表示时间。
引导时间的状语从句的常用引导词有：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 等。
特殊引导词有：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when 等。
1.when/while/as/whenever①When I went into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.②While I was doing my homework, they came in.③As time goes by, it's getting warmer and warmer.④When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.⑤We shall go there whenever we are free.规律总结：(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……(，一边……)”或“随着……”。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
(5)whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作，翻译成“无论何时”。
2.when的特殊用法①He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.②They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.③They had just arrived home when it began to rain.规律总结：when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正要发生、正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。
常见句型有：①was/were about to do sth. when...=was/were on the point of doing sth. when...②was/were doing sth. when...③had (just) done sth. when...3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达①The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考)④I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. =Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.⑤Once you see him, you will never forget him.规律总结：(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。
(2)no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。
此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
【注意】“一……就……”还可用on /upon doing 结构来表示。
On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.4．before与since①You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013·湖南高考)②It will be five years before we meet again.③John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.(陕西高考)④It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.⑤It was not long before I realized I was wrong.⑥As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011·四川高考)规律总结：(1)before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前”。
(2)It will be＋时间段＋before +一般现在时。