高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二:非谓语动词(含解析)

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高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二:非谓语动词(含解析)

高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二:非谓语动词(含解析)

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十二:非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考必考点,《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项:动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。

动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的全部句子成分,动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的改变,但有时态和语态的改变。

1.作主语(1)动词不定式作主语,一般表示详细的某次动作,谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:①To see is to believe.②To master English is of great importance.(2)不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。

例如:①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.2.作宾语(1)动词不定式作宾语时,常跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的有:agree,dare,decide,expect,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。

例如:①I mean to go there at once.②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.(2)不定式短语作宾语时,假如还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it 作形式宾语。

高考英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词

高考英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词

2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点,也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。

非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,V-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和过去分词。

所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语(主语)补足语定语插入语(独立成分)V-ing形式现在分词●●●●动名词●●●●不定式(to do)●●●●●●过去分词(done)●●●●注:常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说),needless to say(不用说),to be honest/frank(老实说,坦白说),to be more exact(更确切地说),to make things worse (更糟的是),not tomention…(更不用说),Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 /粗略地说)非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to do to be donefor sb. to dosth.或of sb. to dosth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have beendone完成式to be doing /完成进行式to have beendoing/动名词一般式doing being donesb.或sb’sdoing作主语要用sb’s doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式:sb’s not doingsb’s not havingdone完成式having donehaving beendone现在与动名词变化形式相同在前加not 分词(一)辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。

①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 poundsmust be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. weighsC. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C,将其当成谓语看待。

专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)

专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)

专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)考点清单范围知识条目非谓语动词熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法考点一动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not。

二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy forus to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。

不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。

多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。

只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。

在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。

I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。

不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。

如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。

非谓语动词讲解和练习(附答案)

非谓语动词讲解和练习(附答案)

非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念,指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语,但又具有动词特征的动词形式。

一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式:不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)和分词(Participle)。

1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”(有时可省略to),例如“to study”、“to play”等。

它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。

To see is to believe.(作主语和表语)I want to learn English.(作宾语)2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing,和现在分词的形式一样,如“swimming”、“reading”等。

动名词在句中主要起名词的作用,可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Swimming is my favorite sport.(作主语)I enjoy reading books.(作宾语)3.分词现在分词:也是动词原形加-ing,它既有动词特征,又有形容词和副词特征,可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。

The running boy is my brother.(作定语)Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.(作状语)过去分词:通常是动词原形加-ed(规则变化)或有其特殊的不规则变化形式,如“broken”、“written”等。

过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义,同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。

The broken cup is on the table.(作定语)Given more time, I can do it better.(作状语)二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为,常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构,It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。

非谓语动词讲解及高考题精选(含答案)(K12教育文档)

非谓语动词讲解及高考题精选(含答案)(K12教育文档)

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非谓语动词定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分.在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non—Finite Verbs).非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。

非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

形式功能动词不定式不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。

不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

动词不定式是一种非限定性动词,由to+动词原形构成,但它还是属于动词,所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。

动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.否定式:not + (to) do以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)

高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)

非谓语动词之巴公井开创作非谓语动词(一)——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词.现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一年夜类叫作v + ing 形式.这些动词的形式不能在句中独自作谓语用,因而没有语法主语.但可以有逻辑主语.由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能暗示举措和状态,所以仍有暗示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式.由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有暗示主、主动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语).动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词.(一)动词不定式:动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard, to play table tennis.1、动词不定式的形式变动:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变动.2、动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.(2)作表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与暗示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学.(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up… 为表语,主语为plan,但plan其实不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式 to set up所暗示的举措不是主语plan发生的.)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学.(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所暗示的举措的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所暗示的举措是由we发生的).(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:I saw a little girl run across the street.(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I don’t think it right to do it that way.(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用需要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式暗示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将暗示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreignlanguage, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放.③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式,暗示“足能…”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式.其中for自己无意义.for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 看成表语用的形容词暗示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑问词 + 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成,如:It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所暗示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所暗示的举措是和谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生,但在大都情况下,是在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后发生,如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后),They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所暗示的举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,如:I am sorry to have kept you waiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所暗示的举措正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生,如:She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、动词不定式的主动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所暗示的举措的接受者时,不定式一般就用主动语态形式,如:What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.非谓语动词(二)——动词-ing形式(二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词.-ing 形式仍保管有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语.1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式.及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和主动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有主动语态.现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:2、-ing形式的基本用法.(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见.Talking iseasier than doing. –ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置.如:It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语.She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语. Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,暗示“做…事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语.另外,-ing作定语用时,其举措和句子谓语动词所暗示的举措是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:The girl who wrotea letter there yesterday can speak English very well.(5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等.(6)作状语:①时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful.②原因状语:Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或陪伴状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的举措发生在句中谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,而且是它所暗示的举措的执行者,如:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、主动语态-ing一般式的基本用法.主动语态-ing一般式所暗示的举措是一个正在进行中的主动举措,而且这个主动举措也是和句中谓语所暗示的举措同时发生的.它一般在句中作定语或状语用.如:The truck being repaired there is ours.5、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,在句中一般作状语用.如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的复合结构.在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构.其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语.这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词经常使用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格经常使用名词的普通格取代,如:She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.一般说来,暗示一个比力笼统或泛指的举措时多用-ing形式.暗示一个具体某一次的举措时,多用动词不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.-ing形式作定语用时,其举措一般与句中谓语动词所暗示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其举措一般发生在句中谓语动词所暗示的举措之后.如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.(1)不定式作宾补时,其举措一般发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch,hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,暗示其举措正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所暗示的举措是一个举措的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌. I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌.10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句作状语暗示时间、原因、方式或陪伴情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.非谓语动词(三)——过去分词( 三)过去分词:1、过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所暗示的举措是一个主动的或是已完成的举措.过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成份.过去分词在句中作某种成份时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所暗示的举措的接受者,如:(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后.被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,暗示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的. 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的主动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义分歧,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的.作表语用的过去分词在许多辞书中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed,worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等.(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常暗示该分词所暗示的举措是由他人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找他人)把我的自行车给修了.(4)作状语:过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所暗示意义的逻辑宾语.为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词,如:Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语.)自力主格:上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的自力的主语,这种自力的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成自力主格.自力主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所暗示的举措和句中谓语动词所暗示的时间关系而定.至于自力主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所暗示的举措的主动主动关系而定,如:The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注:The work having been fini shed, she sat down to have a rest. ①自力结构中的being 或having been常可省去,如:The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作陪伴状语的自力结构常可用with短语来取代,如:She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别:(1)语态分歧:-ing形式暗示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说;the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众.(2)时间关系分歧:现在分词所暗示的举措一般是正在进行中的举措,而过去分词所暗示的举措,往往是已经完成的举措,如:The changing world正在发生的世界;the changed world已经起了变动的世界.易错易混点1.疑问词+动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.2.动词不定式的否定式:由not +动词不定式构成.3.v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.v.-ing形式:暗示笼统或泛指的举措.不定式:暗示具体某一次的举措.She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.4.v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.v.-ing形式:举措与谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生.不定式:举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后.eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.I have three letters to write.5.v.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.(1)不定式作宾补时,其举措一般发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用v.-ing形式作宾补,暗示其举措正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所暗示的举措是一个举措的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room. 我听见她正在屋里唱歌.I hear her sing in the room. 我听见她在屋里唱过歌.6.v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.v.-ing形式:暗示时间、原因、方式或陪伴情况.不定式:作目的或结果状语.7.v.-ing形式与过去分词的区别:(1)语态分歧:v.-ing形式暗示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说; the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众(2)时间关系分歧:现在分词所暗示的举措一般是正在进行中的举措,而过去分词所暗示的举措,往往是已经完成的举措,如:the changing world正在变动的世界 the changed world 已经变动了的世界8.自力主格结构:有时v.-ing和过去分词在句中也有自己的自力的主语,这种自力的主语一般为名词或代词,和v.-ing还有过去分词构成自力主格结构.该结构在句中一般只作状语. 自力主格中是使用v.-ing还是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所暗示的举措的主动或被动关系来定,如:The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.注意:①自力结构中的being或having been常可省去,如:The meeting_(being)_over, all left the room.②作陪伴状语的自力结构常可用with短语来取代, 如:She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.= She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.非谓语的解题步伐或思路(1)先判断空格部份所需的是主句,从句还是非谓语动词.自力的句子, 从句或非谓语自力的句子加句号,分号或破折号的话,后再加一个自力的句子.自力的句子,(逗号)有and,but, so 等词加自力的句子.(2)再根据主句的主语,来判断主动或主动;(3)接下来再判断时态,(4)如果是否定的话,not一定要放在非谓语的前面(5)一定不要忘记主语一致的原则,如果纷歧致的话,要把非谓语的自力主语加上.非谓语罕见的位置,或在句子中所担负的成份(1)非谓语动词短语, + 主句或者是主句, 非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如: influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下,首先,找出主句的主语,然后以主句的主语为动身点,来判断非谓语动词是主动还是主动,如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语纷歧致,还要考虑自力主格结构,也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去:例如: All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比力,看是否同时发生还是有明显的先后.(2)跟在介词,动词或某些形容词的后面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:admit 供认 appreciate 感激 avoid 防止 put off 推迟 keep 坚持consider 考虑 delay/ postpone 担搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵抗 mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 防止excuse 原谅practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过 imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁 involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受 understand 理解罕见的带介词to的短语: be used to 习惯 be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to 全神贯注于 give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于lead to 招致 be opposed to 反对 look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意(3)介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式;(4)跟在名词后面做定语时, 一般不用having done/ having been done 结构(5)放在句首做主语 , 一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语Generally speaking 一般来说Consi dering …. 考虑到,鉴于 Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如 Judging from/ by…根据…判断 Given sth 假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到Given that…假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到 including sth (sth included)包括某事非谓语动词基础练习1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into thepocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to putD. putting2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having3. I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carryB. seen carryingC. saw to carryD. saw carrying9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting upC. have set upD. having set up10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.A. visitB. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.A. putB. puttingC. to putD. to be putting13. “Where is David?”“H e is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”A. to getB. gettingC. to be gettingD. having got14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?”“________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. to be getting15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. to have lost16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.A. to findB. to have foundC. to be foundD. being found17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but hismother told him _______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked19. Finding her car stolen, _______.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company a nd the customers?”“The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”A. to solving, makingB. to solving, madeC. to solve, makingD. to solve, made21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?”“_______ her new bike.”A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send himto university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.A. being sung, sangB. sang, singingC. sung, singD. to be sung, to sing非谓语动词提高练习1. The great hall was crowded with many people, __ many children __on their parents’ lapA. including; seatedB. including; seatingC. included; satD. included; sitting2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A. holdingB. to be heldC. heldD. to be holding3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rainB. There was no rainC. To be no rainD. There being no rain4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight.A. makingB. makesC. to makeD. made5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, manypeople in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____.A. to escape burningB. to escape being burnedC. escaping burnedD. escaping from burning6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good tohis health.A. continuedB. to continueC. continuesD. continuing7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do withsome things _____.A. remaining; remained to be settledB. remaining;remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to settleD. remained;remaining to settle8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well.A. ConsideringB. ConsideredC. ConsiderD. Having considered9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact,a war will break out soon.A. JudgedB. JudgingC. Having judgedD. To judge10. — Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? —Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys_____.A. to play; dancingB. playing; to danceC. to play; to danceD. playing; is to dance11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressedB. to have addressedC. to have been addressedD. being addressed12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texasas it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003,_____ all seven astronauts aboard.A. having killedB. killingC. being killedD. killed13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city.A. needs repairingB. needing repairedC. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sendingB. Tom’s delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to sendD. Tom delayed to send15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid_____ them.A. of talking back; to loseB. of talking back; of losingC. to talk back; to loseD. to talk back; of losing16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anythingbut _____ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoy17. — Is Tom a good talker? — No, he never speaks tome other than _____ something?A. ask forB. to ask forC. asked forD. asking for18. I can’t get my car _____ on cold mornings, so I have totry _____ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fillB. running; fillingC. running;to fill D. ran; filling19. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sentthe bowls _____ in all directions before he was sent _____by his wife.A. flying; to sleepB. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleepingD. to fly; to sleep20. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _____but the door _____.A. being on; shutB. burning; shuttingC. burning;shut D. on; shutting21. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes_____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixedB. fixC. fixingD. to fix22. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.A. callingB. to callC. being calledD.to be called23. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, _____ just a minute. So he’s usuallythe teacher’s pet.A. thoughtB. having thoughtC. and to thinkD. thinking24. The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to standB. opening; stoodC. open; stoodD. opened; standing25. _____ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, andthen an old man suddenly started to cross the road in frontof me.A. DrivingB. I was drivingC. Having drivenD. When I was driving26. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had_____ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairingB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired27. What did the librarian _____ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken28. —Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? — _____the boring time.A. KillB. KillingC. To killD. Having killed29. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was __ the joy with all the Chinese.A. shareB. sharedC. having sharedD. about to share30. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _____.A. playing withB. having played withC. with whom to play withD. with whom to play31. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree_____ out of life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening32. The competitor never dreamed of _____ for him to win thefirst prize in the 100-meter race.A. there was a chanceB. there being a chanceC. it being a chanceD. it was a chance33. _____ everything to go wrong in advance, and you won’tfeel quite so bad when it does.A. Having expectedB. ExpectC. To expectD. Expecting34. — You _____ part in the party on time. — Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to takeB. have supposed to takeC. were to have takenD. supposed to take 35. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. While comparingD. It compared36. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself_____ at the party.A. Dressed; noticedB. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticingD. Dressing; noticed37. The matter _____ your study surely requires _____ carefully.A. relating to; dealing withB. related to;dealt withC. related to; being dealt withD. relating to;having dealt with38. _____ made her parents worried a lot.A. Her not to come backB. Not her to come backC. Her not coming backD. Not her coming back39. Everything _____ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking40. He moved away from his parents and missed them _____ enjoythe exciting life in New York.A. much so as toB. very much toC. too much toD. enough to41. —What do you think of the plan? —It’s easier saidthan _____.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD.to carry out42. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛)because they knew what _____ from the forum.A. to getB. to be gotC. gotD. getting43. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone wouldlike _____ to themselves. A. to introduce B. tobe introduced C. introducing D. beingintroduced44. —Were you at home last Sunday? —Yeah! I devotedthe whole day to _____ the English grammar.A. reviewB. reviewingC. be reviewedD. being reviewed45. Once _____ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.A. caught stealingB. caught to stealC. catching stealingD. to catch to steal46. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can belower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD.buying47. _____, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summer。

非谓语动词考点精讲精练(含答案) 讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习

非谓语动词考点精讲精练(含答案) 讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习

胆置黑词考,牖讲含蜜g)讲义非谓语动词是高考语法填空和短文改错必考热点语法工程之一。

现结合典型考题对非谓语动词的考点进行梳理和总结,帮助大家明确考点,找出解题规律和方法。

一、考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。

两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时、多用不定式;表示比拟抽象的一般的行为倾向时,多用动名词。

当动名词或不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语放在句首而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。

(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析:Ignoring。

分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是will be,因此前面局部是主语,应该使用动名词短语作主语。

二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。

有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。

有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。

有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等,但意义上有区别。

[典例1 ] I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析:wear改为wearing”介词by后应接动名词作宾语。

高考英语语法填空抢分热点精选精练:非谓语动词(含高考真题)(解析版)

高考英语语法填空抢分热点精选精练:非谓语动词(含高考真题)(解析版)

高考语法填空抢分热点之非谓语动词养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

一、考点精讲非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式(现在分词和动名词)和过去分词,是高考热点。

但学生分不清现在分词和进行时态,过去分词和被动语态,对动词不定式的运用也是模棱两可。

归根结底,学生不会分辨“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”。

这还要从根上解决,首先要弄清楚句子种类。

句子按结构分,分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1.简单句。

由一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词构成的句子是简单句。

也就是说,一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词(省略句除外)。

谓语动词指的就是动词的时态(一般现在时、一般过去时......)和语态(一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态......)。

例如:(1)He leaves home for school at 6 every morning.(leaves是谓语动词)每天早上他六点钟离开家去上学。

(2)The plane takes off at 11:40 and arrives in Shanghai at 1:30.(takes off和arrives是并列的谓语动词)飞机十一点四十起飞,一点半抵达上海。

(3)The company was set up in 2012.(was set up一般过去时的被动语态,是句子的谓语动词)这家公司是2012年成立的。

2.并列句。

并列句是指由并列连词and、but、or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。

即:简单句+并列连词+简单句。

常见的并连连词:and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者;否定句中的“和”;否则)、so(所以)。

2023年高考英语考前必练 非谓语动词(含近三年真题及解析)

2023年高考英语考前必练 非谓语动词(含近三年真题及解析)

非谓语动词复习——语法填空专项练习一、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下:1.不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)②进行式:to be doing(表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing(表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

2020高考英语语法精讲精练精析-非谓语动词

2020高考英语语法精讲精练精析-非谓语动词

一、基本分类非谓语动词分为三类:分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。

它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征,因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1.分词(1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。

I saw him walking across the road.(正在穿过马路)I saw him walk across the road. (看到过了马路的全过程)(2)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义,前者表示动作完成,后者表示动作正在进行。

The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被钉在墙上了)The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被钉在墙上)注意:不定式有表将来之意。

The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented bya friend.(将要被钉在墙上)(3)分词的独立主格结构:如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with / without引导的介词短语表达。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.His work finished, he prepared to go home.With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 2.动名词(1)动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途,而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。

(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语,动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。

但作主语不行。

Do you mind my / me / Tom smoking here?My / Tom's smoking here annoyed her.(3)动名词作主语还可用于“There be no+动名词”结构和布告形式的省略中。

高中英语语法精讲精练——非谓语动词

高中英语语法精讲精练——非谓语动词

第8讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中阶段的重要语法项目,也是高考语法填空和短文改错的必考知识点。

其考查的角度包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的常见用法以及非谓语动词的时态和语态。

核心考点01非谓语动词作宾语动词-ing形式和动词不定式可以作宾语。

需要注意的是在有些动词后接动词-ing形式和动词不定式时,意思差别不大;但是在有些动词后意思大相径庭;有些动词后只能接动词不定式,有些动词后只能接动词-ing形式。

典例分析(2016全国卷I)My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.【解析】句意:我的大使职责将包括介绍英国游客参观在成都的120多只熊猫和在薄雾笼罩的碧峰峡上的研究中心的其他熊猫。

include“包含;包括”,后接动词作宾语时要用-ing形式。

【答案】introducing状元提醒appreciate/enjoy; stick to, object to, risk; forbid, mind, permit/allow, escape。

此外,下列短语和句型也要用动词-ing形式作宾语:be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, get down to, pay attention to,can’t stand, give up, feel like, be busy (in), have difficulty (in), have a…time (in), spend…(in), How/What about…, There is no sense in…等。

高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(非谓语动词作定语+非谓语动词作状语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语)

高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(非谓语动词作定语+非谓语动词作状语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语)

高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、非谓语动词作定语【知识要点】1、非谓语动词包括四种:-to do不定式,-ing分词,-ed分词和动名词。

(重点为前三种)2、非谓语动词的词性及句法功能①-to do不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;②-ing分词相当于形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;③-ed分词相当于形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;④动名词相当于名词,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

3、前三种非谓语动词的形式与意义① -ing分词的基本意义为:主动或进行,变形有:进行式:doing被动式:being done完成式:having done完成被动式:having been done②-to do不定式的基本意义为:主动将来,变形有:进行式:to be doing被动式:to be done完成式:to have done完成被动式:to have been done③-ed分词表示被动或完成。

4、非谓语动词作定语由于三种非谓语动词都具有形容词的性质,所以它们都可以在句子中充当定语,并根据其在被修饰的名词中心词的前后位置,分为前置定语和后置定语两种。

the falling leaves (-ing分词作前置定语,“正在下落的叶子”)the leaves falling in the sky (-ing分词短语作后置定语,“正在空中下落的叶子”)the coming/following day (-ing分词作前置定语,“第二天”)the day to come (-to do分词短语作后置定语,“第二天”)the fallen leaves (-ed分词作前置定语,“已经落地的叶子/落叶”)the house burnt to the ground (-ed分词短语作后置定语,“被烧成废墟的房子”)【练习】单句语法填空1.Looking at the ______ (fall) leaves in the sky, he knows the fall is coming.2.Seeing the ______ (fall) leaves on the ground, he decided to do some sweeping first before sitting down to have a rest.3.It is said that the building ______ (build) here next year will be completed within one year.4.It is said that the building ______ (build) here now will be completed within one year.5.It is said that the building ______ (build) here last year will be rebuilt soon.6.The gentleman ______ (seat) next to Tom is his best friend.7.The gentleman ______ (sit) next to Tom is his best friend.8.The room was in a mass, with those ______ (break) furniture.9.The purely white snow looks like a beautiful blanket ______ (cover) the land.10.The police have got enough evidence ______ (prove) that he is guilty.11.Turn to the right and you will see a wide road ______ (lead) up to the building.12.If you get the first place, you will win an all expenses ______ (pay) journey.13.All the ______ (question) people supported the government’s latest policy.14.You should keep well the books ______ (borrow) from the library.15.Can those people ______ (seat) at the back hear me?二、非谓语动词作状语【知识要点】非谓语动词作状语由于三种非谓语动词都具有副词的性质,所以它们都可以在句子中充当状语。

高中英语非谓语动词解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析

高中英语非谓语动词解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析

高中英语非谓语动词解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1.Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary.A.ordered B.orderingC.to have ordered D.having been ordered【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。

句意:泰勒太太逛了商店,订购了她认为必要的东西。

分析句子可知,Mrs. Taylor 与order在逻辑上是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。

故选B项。

2.Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when ______ to sunlight. A.exposed B.to expose C.exposing D.being exposed【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查非谓语动词。

本题考查短语be exposed to暴露与……。

句意:处理这种化学物质时要小心,因为它暴露在阳光下时会爆炸。

故A正确。

考点:考查非谓语动词3.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.A.Attend B.To attend C.Attending D.Having attended 【答案】C【解析】主句 .Distinguished guests and friends are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning非谓语动词作伴随状语。

(完整版)非谓语动词讲解及高考题精选(含答案)

(完整版)非谓语动词讲解及高考题精选(含答案)

非谓语动词定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。

在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。

非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。

非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

形式功能动词不定式不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。

不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

动词不定式是一种非限定性动词,由to+动词原形构成,但它还是属于动词,所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。

动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。

动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式:not + (to) do以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如:I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。

He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。

We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。

He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。

The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。

The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。

(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。

高考英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词

高考英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词

高考英语二轮语法词汇复习系列第九章非谓语动词动词除了在句子中充当谓语外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等,称作非谓语动词,包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。

高考重点要求:1、掌握不定式、分词、动名词在句子中的作用2、区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异同3、掌握不定式、动名词作宾语,不定式和分词作宾补的惯用结构4、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系,以确定非谓语动词的时态形式5、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,以确定非谓语动词的语态形式第一节知识点概述一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。

动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。

(一)动词不定式的特征及用法1.动词不定式的构成及特征“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式,是一种非谓语形式,在句子中不能作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1.作主语例如:To learn English well is not easy.或It is not easy to learn English well.动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型:It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式的动作执行者,可以用forIt is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.2.作表语My wish is to become a teacher.3.作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.4.作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.5.作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.6.作状语He stopped to have a look.3.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形例如:He asked me not to make such a mistake.4.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

2012届高考英语语法精练-非谓语动词(附详解答案)

2012届高考英语语法精练-非谓语动词(附详解答案)

2012届高考英语语法精练-非谓语动词1. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in2. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars3. --It will take us 15 hours _______ Weihai by bus.--Why not try ______ a ship? It's quicker by water than by road.A. to-go to; to takeB. going to; takingC. to go to; takingD. going to; to take4. Though the policemen got ________ after looking for the murder in the city for a whole day, they felt excitedwhen finding the __________ knife by the lake.A. exhausting; abandoningB. exhausted; abandonedC. exhausted; abandoningD. exhausting; abandoned5. My father used to ______ coffee in the morning, but now he is used to ______ tea --- he thinks it’s healthier.A. drink; drinkB. drinking; drinkingC. drink; drinkingD. drinking; drink6. _______ make any mistakes in the exam. I went over what I had learnt again and again.A. In order toB. So as to notC. So as toD. In order not to7. Mr. Smith, ________ in the factory for thirty years, is on the way back to his village.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked8. ---How about ________ something to eat?---I'd rather _______ a drink. I am really thirsty.A. have; havingB. having; haveC. have; to haveD. having; to have9. I've been considering _______ my job as a teacher because a teacher is often considered _______ a gardener.A. to change; to beB. to change; beingC. changing; beingD. changing; to be10. ______ in the 1980's, it's the first factory ______ colour TV sets of high quality.A. Founded; producingB. Founded; to produceC, Founding; having produced D. Founding; produced11. All the members of my family, ______ my grandparents, are fond of different kinds of sports, football ________.A. including; includedB. including; includingC. included; includingD. included; included12. My little daughter poured ink over my painting, completely _______ it.A. ruiningB. ruinsC. ruinedD. ruin13. He is the youngest in the family, but he hated _______ a child.A. being treated asB. treating as C to treat as D. to be treated to14. ---My watch has been losing time for the past week.--It probably needs ________.A. cleanB. cleanedC. to cleanD. cleaning15. _______ the problem of rising costs, the man decided to search for another job to support his large family.A. Facing withB. To face withC. FaceD. Faced with16. Greatly ______ as the leading scientist, he was asked to give lectures in many countries.A. respectingB. respectsC. respectedD. to respect17. _______ in the book he is crazy about, he didn't hear his mother enter the room.A. BuriedB. BuryingC. To buryD. Being burying18. The picture ______ the wall was drawn by one of his students.A. attaching toB. attaching onC. attached toD. attached on19. Don't rely on _______ for our holiday, because we may not be able to afford it.A. to go abroadB. go abroadC. going abroadD. gone abroad20. The manager discussed the plan they would like to see _______ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. to carry outD. carried out21. The book you lent me last week is excellent. I think it is worth ______ a second time.A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read22. Turning around, I saw a little boy standing behind the tree, _______ at me curiously.A. staredB. to stareC. staringD. having stared23. ______ that they are inexperienced in this field, they've done a good job.A. GivingB. To jiveC. GivenD. Being given24. The ship, _________ with rice and wheat, has set sail for Africa.A. loadingB. loadedC. to loadD. having loaded25. It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped ________ in a traffic accident.A. killingB. being killedC. to be killedD. to kill26. This novel is based on a true story of a famous star, so once ________, it will be very popular.A. publishesB. having publishedC. publishingD. published27. ---How can a blind man know what something is?--- By feeling and ________.A. touchB. touchingC. to touchD. touched28. The driver was sad when word came that he was forbidden ________ for speeding.A. to driveB. drivingC. driveD. driven .29. No one is allowed, no matter who he is, _______ the room unless he has a permit.A. entersB. enteringC. to enterD. entered30. Like many people, I dare not go out alone after dark because I'm afraid of ______.A. attackingB. being attackedC. having attackedD. attacked31. The key to ____ our world a comfortable and clean place to live in is to ____ industrial pollution.A. keeping; controlB. keeping; controllingC. keep; controlD. keep; controlling32. The driver is required by law, no matter who he is, ______ seat belt while on the road.A. wearingB. wornC. to wearD. wear33. I plan to have my daughters _______ at the best school in our city.A. educateB. to educateC. being educatedD. educated34. Now that you've got a chance, you should make full use of it. Once _______, it will never come again.A. lostB. losingC. having lostD. being lost35. The snowstorm left, _______ severe damage to many provinces in southern China.A. causedB. had causedC. to causeD. having caused36. ______ delicious, the fried chicken in this shop is always selling well.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. To taste37. The reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ that the film stars had just left by air.A. tellingB. being toldC. to tellD. to be told38. A team, _____ two doctors and three policemen, was sent to search for the lost explorers.A. consisting ofB. consists ofC. consisted ofD. to be consisted of39. In front of the booking office stood a long queue of Kelly Chen's fans, ________ to get a ticket for her concert.A. to expectB. expectedC. were expectingD. expecting40. I meant __________ that refusing him meant ________ up all our hope.A. to say; to giveB. to say; giving C: saying; to give D. saying; giving41. With some important problems _________, they have decided to restart the both-side talks next week.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. to he settled42. The aim of this training is ______ all the injured _______ timely when a fire occurs.A. having; treatB. to have; treatC. having; to treatD. have; treated43. The three-storey building, _______ in the 18th century, was turned into a museum in 1960.A. constructingB. constructedC. being constructedD. when constructed44. ______ a clear idea of how this machine works, Mary is referring to lots of materials.A. GainedB. GainingC. To have gainedD. To gain45. Referring to his notes during that important test led to _________.A. having punished the boyB. punishing the boyC. the boy being punishedD. the boy to be punished46. _______ honesty and justice caused him to lose popularity among his workers.A. Wilson's lackedB. Wilson's lackingC. Wilson lackedD. Wilson to lack47. ______ on my computer, I found an e-mail from my pen friend, _____ me to spend the summer holiday in his city.A. On turning; invitedB. On turning; invitingC. When having turned; to inviteD. After having turned; inviting48. Alice didn't notice I was coming, her mind _________ the work she was doing.A. was totally fixed onB. was totally fixing onC. totally fixed onD. totally fixing on49. The old man sitting opposite me cleared his throat as if ________ something.A. saidB. to sayC. having saidD. saying50. I failed my final exam last term. How I regretted ________ the teacher's advice.A. to takeB. takingC. not to takeD. not having taken51. ________ table manners, I can't stand people ________ with their mouths full.A. Regard; to speakB. Regard; speakingC. Regarding; speakingD. Regarding; to speak52. That was a terrible night. The rain was pouring down, _______ thunder and lightning.A. accompaniedB. accompanied byC. accompanyingD. accompanies53. With my husband _________ in Birmingham, I felt lonely staying in such a big house.A. workingB. workedC. having workedD. works54. Four _______ by seven is twenty-eight. In other words, twenty-eight divided by seven is four.A. is multipliedB. multipliesC. multipliedD. multiplying55. --Why not take a ship for a change this time?--Sounds great. It deserves ________A. consideredB. to considerC. consideringD. being considered56. You're supposed _________ me, not reading a magazine in the class now.A. to listen toB. having listened toC. listening toD. to be listening to57. You have to prove yourself ______ innocent, that is, you had nothing to do with the murder.A. to beB. areC. wereD. being58. It remains _______ whether the elderly will actually benefit from this plan.A. to be seenB. seenC. seeingD. to see59. It is a waste of time ____ such a person to join us because he will never change his mind.A. your persuadingB. you persuadedC. of you to persuadeD. for you persuading60. I know it's time I got down _____ my homework, but I just can't resist _____ computer games.A. to doing; playingB. to do; to playC. to doing; to playD. to do; playing61. I approve of _______to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies.A. you to tryB. you tryC. your tryD. you trying62. Lucy does nothing but ________ all day long, which makes me upset.A. having complained.B. complainingC. complainD. complained63. Your clothes want _________. You should have it done if you have time now.A. washB. to washC. washingD. being washed64. When caught _________, he begged for my pardon and tried ________ punishment.A. cheating; escapingB. cheating; to escapeC. to be cheating; escapingD. to be cheating; to escape65. Your time should have been made full use of _______ the final exams, but, to my regret, it wasn't.A. to passB. passingC. to have passedD. having passed66. Mr. Smith, _________ with a new mayor, is giving his farewell speech at the meeting.A. replacedB. to be replacedC. to replaceD. being replaced67. The policy is partly ________ for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.A. to be blamedB. to blameC. being blamingD. blaming68. --We didn't find the Blacks attending the lecture.--No one had told them about __________ a lecture.A. there to beB. there beingC. there beD. there was69. There was a terrible noise _________ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed70. David never dreamed of ________ a chance for him to win the first prize in singing.A. there wasB. there beingC. it beingD. it was71. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make72. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain openB. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie openedD. left; lay opened73. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.A. be, to doB. was, doingC. be, doingD. was, to do74. If there's a lot of work______. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.(2008年高考上海卷)A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing75. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _______ to balance it. (2008年高考上海卷)A. having tiredB. tryingC. to tryD. tried76. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ________ on his own farm. (2009年高考北京卷)A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow77. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _________ information in a more effective way. (2009年高考北京卷)A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. to present78. _________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. (2009年高考北京卷)A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten79. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion. (2009年高考四川卷)A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had80. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009年高考四川卷)A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. seat81. ________ many times, he finally understood it. (2009年高考四川卷)A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told82. In many people’s opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant .(2010年高考四川卷)A. to deal withB. dealing withC. to be dealt withD. dealt with83. The news shocked the public, _______ to great concern about students’ safety at school. (2010年高考重庆卷)A. having ledB. ledC. leadingD. to lead84. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _________ first is the library. (2010年高考重庆卷)A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired85. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010年高考浙江卷)A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing86. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps from the library. (2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)A .to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing87. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _________ presents for my Dad. (2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought88. It rained heavily in the south,serious flooding in several provinces. (2010年高考天津卷)A. causedB. having causedC. causingD. to cause89. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. (2010年高考四川卷)A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning90. The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point.(2010年高考四川卷)A. not tryingB. trying notC. to try notD. not to try91. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. (2010年高考上海卷)A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused92. _______ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010年高考上海卷)A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached93. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. (2010年高考上海卷)A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce94. ________ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010年高考陕西卷)A. SeenB. SeeingC. Have seenD. To see95. His first book _______ next month is based on a true story. (2010年高考陕西卷)A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published96. I have a lot of readings _________ before the end of this term. (2010年高考山东卷)A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed97. We were astonished _________ the temple still in its original condition. (2010年高考辽宁卷)A. findingB. to findC. findD. to be found98. Alexander tried to get his work ______ in the medical circles. (2010年高考辽宁卷)A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized99. The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains. (2010年高考江西卷)A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep100. There were many talented actors out there just waiting __________.(2010年高考江西卷)A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered101. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _______ the students to return to their classrooms. (2010年高考江苏卷)A. enablingB. having enabledC. to enableD. to have enabled102. He had a wonderful childhood, _______ with his mother to all corners of the world. (2010年高考安徽卷)A. travelB. to travelC. traveledD. traveling103. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake. (2010年高考福建卷)A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sent104. Listen! Do you hear someone __________ for help? (2010年高考湖南卷)A. callingB. callC. to callD. called105. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(2010年高考湖南卷)A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD. to struggle106. So far nobody has claimed the money ___________ in the library. (2010年高考湖南卷)A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered107. _________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. (2010年高考北京卷)A. LookingB. LookC. To lookD. Looked108. I'm calling to enquire about the position _________ in yesterday's China Daily. (2010年高考北京卷)A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised109. The children all turned _________ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at110. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are peop le happy with the decisions ________? (2009年高考全国卷Ⅰ)A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take111. They use computers to keep the traffic __________ smoothly. (2009年高考全国卷II)A. being runB. runC. to runD. running112. _________ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. (2009年高考天津卷)A. CompetingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete113. ________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. (2009年高考天津卷)A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged114. _________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring(2008年高考安徽卷).A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked115. The play_______ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009年高考安徽卷)A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced116. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.(2009年高考山东卷)A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding117. I still remember _________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (2009年高考陕西卷)A. to takeB. to be takenC. takingD. being taken118. __________ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars. (2009年高考江西卷)A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given119. The government plans to bring in new laws ________ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009年高考江西卷)A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced120. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _________ reduce unemployment pressures. (2009年高考江苏卷)A. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped121. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _______ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. (2009年高考江苏卷)A. AttendB. To attendC. AttendingD. Having attended122. When he _______ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. (2009年高考湖南卷)A. would openB. openedC. had openedD. was to open123. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _______ in a small apartment near Boston and ________ what to do about his future. (2009年高考湖南卷)A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderedD. living; wondered124. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it __________.(2009年高考湖南卷)A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused125. ________ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009年高考福建卷)A. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded126. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, ______ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009年高考福建卷)A. markingB. markedC. having markedD. being marked127. When we visited my old family home, memory came ________ back. (2009年高考辽宁卷)A. floodingB. to floodC. flood.D. flooded128. __________, you need to give all you have and try your best. (2009年高考辽宁卷)A. Being a winnerB. To buy a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner129. There is a great deal of evidence ________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. (2009年高考浙江卷)A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating130. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ________ with his old one. (2009年高考重庆卷)A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared131. With the world changing fast, we have something new __________ with all by ourselves every day. (2009年高考重庆卷)A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing132. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ________ all four people on board. (2009年高考上海卷)A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill133. With the government’s aid, those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009年高考上海卷)A. affectB. affectingC. affectedD. were affected134. Bill suggested _________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2009年高考上海卷)A. having heldB. to holdC. holdingD. hold135. David threatened _________ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009年高考上海卷)A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported非谓语动词解析1. 【解析】答案为C。

(完整版)非谓语动词讲解及高考题精选(含答案)

(完整版)非谓语动词讲解及高考题精选(含答案)

非谓语动词定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。

在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。

非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。

非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

形式功能动词不定式不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。

不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

动词不定式是一种非限定性动词,由to+动词原形构成,但它还是属于动词,所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。

动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。

动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式:not + (to) do以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如:I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。

He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。

We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。

He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。

The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。

The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。

(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。

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高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十二:非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考必考点,《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法了谓语之外的其他成分,如下表:动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的所有句子成分,动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。

1.作主语(1)动词不定式作主语,一般表示具体的某次动作,谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:①To see is to believe.②To master English is of great importance.(2)不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。

例如:①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.2.作宾语(1)动词不定式作宾语时,常跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的有:agree,dare,decide,expect,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。

例如:①I mean to go there at once.②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.(2)不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语。

句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。

例如:①I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.②I find it interesting to work with him.(3)动词不定式还可以用作介词except、but和besides的宾语,如果介词前为动词do的某种形式,则后面接不带to的不定式,否则带to。

cannot choose but、cannot help but和cannot but后的不定式也省略to。

常用句型有:There is nothing to do but+do例如:There is nothing to do but wait.do nothing but/except+do 例如:We can do nothing but wait.cannot help/choose but+do 例如:We cannot choose but wait.have no choice but to do 例如:We have no choice but to wait.3.作表语动词不定式作表语,常放在系动词之后,表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish,task,purpose,duty,job等。

例如:①To teach is to learn.②My job is to help the patient.【注意】如果在主语中(通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中)有实义动词do时,作表语的动词不定式省略to。

例如:All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.4.作定语不定式可以放在名词、代词、序数词、the only和形容词最高级等后面作定语。

常被不定式修饰的名词有:chance,need,promise,time,opportunity,way等。

不定式常表示将来的动作。

(1)不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。

如果不定式与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用主动形式;如果不定式与该句的主语不构成逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用被动形式。

例如:①He is not a man to tell lies.②There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth.③--- I will go home tomorrow,do you have anything to be taken to your parents? ---No,thanks.(2)作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,而且不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一个介词。

例如:①He has a nice pen to write with.②He is looking for a room to live in.③It is said that the best way to travel by is on foot.5.作状语不定式作状语时,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。

例如:I’m very glad to hear the news. (原因)不定式作目的状语时,常可构成in order to, so as to 例如:He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。

例如:The question is difficult to answer.有些不定式短语可以做独立成份,通常放在句首,有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号的开,如:to begin with,to be honest,to tell you the truth等。

例如:To be honest,my English is poor.不定式作结果状语常用如下句型:Too + 形容词/副词+ to do sth 例如:He is too young to go to school.形容词/副词+ enough + to do sth 例如:He is old enough to dress himself.enough+名词+to do sth 例如:I have enough money to buy a car.such +(形容词)名词+as to do sth 例如:He is such a clever boy as to work out the question quickly.so + 形容词/副词+ as to do sth 例如:He is so clever a boy as to work out the question quickly.【注意】不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致。

【注意】不定式可以放在only后面表示未曾预料的结果。

例如:①He hurried to the railway station,only to find that the train had left.②I got to his house ,only to be told that he wasn’t in.6.作补语(宾语补足语和主语补足语),有两种情况:(1)接带to的不定式作宾语补足语,这类动词或动词短语有:ask, tell, invite, force, get, beg, allow, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, instruct, permit, request, order, warn, cause, urge, call on, depend on, long for, wait for等,构成V+sb.+to do结构。

例如:①I didn’t mean you to hear it.②We are longing for the new term to begin.(2)在感官动词(see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等)和使役动词(let, have,make )后的补足语中,不定式不带to。

但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带to。

(注意:let, have不用于被动语态)例如:①I saw him play in the park.→He was seen to play in the park.②The boss made those men work day and night.→Those men were made to work day and night.注意:tell、advise等动词后面可以接“连接代词或连接副词+to do”作宾语补足语。

例如:You did not tell me how to pronounce the word.动名词动名词的基本形式是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成,动名词具有动词和名词的特点:动词的特点体现在它可以有自己的宾语、状语和补足语,有时态和语态的变化;名词的特点体现在它可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

一、动名词的时态、语态和否定形式动名词的时态有一般式和完成式;语态有主动和语态和被动语态;动名词的否定式是直接在其前面加上not 。

以do 为例,列表说明如下:1、动名词的时态。

动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或者是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作;完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如:①I am interested in playing basketball. ②He didn’t mention having met you at the meeting. 2、动名词的语态。

如果句子的主语是该动名词动作的承受者,即句子的主语与动名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,则动名词要用被动形式。

例如: ①She didn’t mind being left at home.(句子的主语she 与动词leave 构成动宾关系,且动作基本同时发生。

)②I forgot having been told about it. (句子的主语I 与动词tell 构成动宾关系,且动作已经完成。

)二、动名词的语法功能1.作主语:动名词做主语可以放在句首,有时候也可以用it 做形式主语,常常构成一些固定句型,如:It’s a waste of time doing...;It’s no use/good doing...例如:①Teaching is my full-time job.②Writing an English composition is not easy. ③It’s a waste of time arguing with him.④It’s no use taking this kind of medicine.2.作宾语:(1)作动词的宾语。

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