高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二:非谓语动词(含解析)

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高考必考语法精讲精练

语法专题十二:非谓语动词

非谓语动词是高考必考点,《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法

了谓语之外的其他成分,如下表:

动词不定式

一、动词不定式的形式

二、动词不定式的用法

动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的所有句子成分,动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。

1.作主语

(1)动词不定式作主语,一般表示具体的某次动作,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

①To see is to believe.

②To master English is of great importance.

(2)不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。例如:

①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.

②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.

③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.

④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.

2.作宾语

(1)动词不定式作宾语时,常跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的有:agree,dare,decide,expect,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。例如:

①I mean to go there at once.

②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.

(2)不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。例如:

①I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.

②I find it interesting to work with him.

(3)动词不定式还可以用作介词except、but和besides的宾语,如果介词前为动词do的某种形式,则后面接不带to的不定式,否则带to。cannot choose but、cannot help but和cannot but后的不定式也省略to。常用句型有:

There is nothing to do but+do例如:

There is nothing to do but wait.

do nothing but/except+do 例如:

We can do nothing but wait.

cannot help/choose but+do 例如:

We cannot choose but wait.

have no choice but to do 例如:

We have no choice but to wait.

3.作表语

动词不定式作表语,常放在系动词之后,表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish,task,purpose,duty,job等。例如:

①To teach is to learn.

②My job is to help the patient.

【注意】如果在主语中(通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中)有实义动词do时,作表语的动词不定式省略to。例如:

All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.

4.作定语

不定式可以放在名词、代词、序数词、the only和形容词最高级等后面作定语。常被不定式修饰的名词有:chance,need,promise,time,opportunity,way等。不定式常表示将来的动作。

(1)不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如果不定式与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用主动形式;如果不定式与该句的主语不构成逻辑上的主谓关系,则不定式用被动形式。例如:

①He is not a man to tell lies.

②There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth.

③--- I will go home tomorrow,do you have anything to be taken to your parents? ---No,thanks.

(2)作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,而且不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一个介词。例如:

①He has a nice pen to write with.

②He is looking for a room to live in.

③It is said that the best way to travel by is on foot.

5.作状语

不定式作状语时,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:

I’m very glad to hear the news. (原因)

不定式作目的状语时,常可构成in order to, so as to 例如:

He got up early so as not to be late.

不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。例如:

The question is difficult to answer.

有些不定式短语可以做独立成份,通常放在句首,有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号的开,如:to begin with,to be honest,to tell you the truth等。例如:

To be honest,my English is poor.

不定式作结果状语常用如下句型:

Too + 形容词/副词+ to do sth 例如:

He is too young to go to school.

形容词/副词+ enough + to do sth 例如:

He is old enough to dress himself.

enough+名词+to do sth 例如:

I have enough money to buy a car.

such +(形容词)名词+as to do sth 例如:

He is such a clever boy as to work out the question quickly.

so + 形容词/副词+ as to do sth 例如:

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