阿芒提拉多的酒桶
阿芒提拉多的酒桶（thecaskofamontillado）
阿芒提拉多的酒桶（the cask of amontillado）the cask of amontilladoAllan PoeI spit on Fu Rothschild divers persecution, I try to bear in mind, but once he dare to insult me, I vowed to take revenge, you already familiar with my natural temper, but not when I talk to scare people. One day I am going to pay attention to the firm, pay off old scores; since the mind does not change, they did not expect to be out of danger. Not only did I have to give him a hard time, but I had to do something bad. Revenge is rewarded, and the enemy is not clear. Revenge does not let the enemy know who is harming him, and the enemy is not clear.Needless to say, I say, are not caused by Fu spit every act and every move is suspected Rothschild cherish evil thoughts. As usual for him to smile, but he didn't see me now is thought to give him life to smile.Fu spit this man in some ways Donato's respect, even awe, but there is a weakness. He boasted that he was an expert at wine tasting. There are few Italians who have the makings of a real expert. They are mostly used to warm, resourceful, cheating, so that Britain and Austria being rich. When it comes to paintings and jewelry, Fu spit with his compatriots as Rothschild, rhetoric, but when it comes to wine, it is the true value. I'm almost the same as he is - I'm expert at Italy wine, and I'll buy it as much as I can.In the lively carnival, one day in the evening, when I met thefriend spreading shades of dusk. He love me, because he goes full filling the wine. The guy was a clown, wearing a striped tights, a round pointed hat with bells on it. I saw him so happy that he could not hold his hand for a long time.I said to him: "dude, nice to meet you, nice to meet you. You look very well today. I got a vat of so-called Armand Tirado (a sweet wine produced by Monti Leah in Spain), but I'm not sure.""What's wrong?"" He said, "the Amontillado? A VAT? Not really! Where did you get it during the carnival?""I am not sure," I replied, "I was fool, didn't discuss with you, just as Armand Tirado price paid. I can't find you, but I'm afraid I'll miss the deal.""The amontillado!""I'm not sure.".""The amontillado!""I have to put this heart down!""The amontillado!""Look at you, I just want to go to Lukeleixi. Only he can taste wine. He'll tell me -"Luke and Armand Tirado and Shirley couldn't tell thedifference.""Some fool contended that he told you it be roughly the same eye.""Come on, let's go.".""Where is it?"""Go to your cellar.".""Man, that's not right; I'll trouble you if I don't want to bully you. Hey, I see you have something. Luke ray - "I'm okay, come on.".""Dude, that's not going to work. Do not what is cold, windy, I see you stand. The cellar is full of tide. The walls are nitrate.""Let's go. It's nothing cold.". Amontillado! You can be fooled. Speaking of Luke Reci, he even with Amontillado Sherry are not clear."He spit on the rack for my blessing Rothschild arms; I wear black silk mask, a short cloak tightly wrapped around the body, he drives me on to the mansion. A home page does not see, have the opportunity to sneak out for the holidays. I told them I didn't go home until the second morning, and I told them not to go out.I have such a command, ensure I turned immediately, all gone.I took two torches from the candlestick, one to give him afortune, and led him through several rooms, into the arcade, to the cellar, down a long staircase, and followed him with care. At last we reached the foot of the stairs,A station in Monterey shuttle palace catacombs of wetlands.My friend tottered, cross step, bells jingled."What about the cask of wine?"" He said."In front," I said, "watch out for the white spider web glowing on the wall."He turned towards me, watery eyes two drunk obscurity to stare at me."Nitrate?"" He asked at last."Nitrate," I replied, "how long have you been suffering from that cough?"""Uh, hey! Eh, hey! Eh, hey! - uh, hey! Eh, hey! Eh, hey! - uh, hey! Eh, hey! Eh, hey! - uh, hey! Eh, hey! Eh, hey! - uh, hey! Eh, hey! Eh, hey!"My poor friend couldn't answer for a long time."Nothing," he said finally."Well," I still replied, "let's go back, your body. You have to respect everyone, rich and powerful, the people; you as happyas I have. To have an unexpected misfortune that is no trivial matter. I do not care, let's go back, you are sick, I can't handle. Besides, there's Luke, ray""Don't say that," he said. "Cough is nothing. Cough never dies.". I'm not coughing.""Yes - yes," I replied. "Seriously, I didn't mean to frighten you - but I had to take precaution. A drink of wine to moisture. The doc."I said from the mud of a long line of wine to pick up a bottle, knocking out the bottleneck. "Drink," I handed him the wine.He glanced at me and raised the bottle to his lips. He sat close to the start, I nodded, bells jingled."I drink to those who sleep underground."." He said."I am for you a long life."He took my arm again, and we walked on."These cellars are really big." He said.The Monterey shuttle is Han, multi generation after generation of descendants." I answer."I forgot your house.".""A big man's feet, gold, with a piece of blue. The article fromthe snake crushes, the snake will bite a tooth heel.""Then the family?"Those who hurt me will be punished.""Wonderful!"!" He said.Drunk, his eyes sparkling, cap and jingle bells rang. I drank the wine was more beautiful Murdoch, make blind and disorderly conjectures. We walked a long bones and the size of barrel pile clip lane, deep in the tomb pit, I stopped, this time actually boldly seize the blessing of the upper arm spit rothschild."Nitrate"!" I said, "look, more and more.". Like moss, hanging on the vault. We're under the river bed. Beads of water dripping in the bones?. Let's go back as early as possible. You cough""It's nothing," he said. "Let's go down. But let me drink wine and beauty doc."I opened a pot of wine to his graves. He drank it, eyes suddenly combatively, straight smile Oh, put the bottle into a throw, that gesture, I don't understand what it meant.I looked at him in surprise. He made the gesture again, an odd gesture."You don't understand?"" He said."I don't understand." I answer."Then you're not the same.""What's wrong?"""You are not a mason. (the original is Mason, in English in Mason and Masonic solution, according to a Masonic originated in medieval times, originally a secret society, the bricklayers union to help each other for the purpose of meeting to sign contact.)" "Yes, yes," I said, "yes, yes.".""You?" Not really! Are you?""I am," I replied."Where's the code?" he said. "What about the code?""This is," I replied, and pulled out a trowel from beneath the cloak."You're kidding." he stepped back, shouting. "Let's go see the Amontillado.""Well," I said, put on the cloak of the trowel again, while stretch my arm to hold him. He leaned heavily on my arm. This continues to move forward, and then down, into a deep grave, where the air is muddy, the torch in the hand does not see the fire, there is only a flame.At the end of the grave, there was a more narrow tomb. The rows of piles of bones have been piled up to the vault, the greatcatacombs of Paris as a sample. Inside this tomb, there are three walls, still piled like this. And one side of the bones had been torn down, piled up on the ground in a mess, and accumulated into a huge mound of bones. In the wall out of the bones, but inside there is a tomb or niche, about four feet deep, three feet wide, six or seven feet high. It had made no plans to send what special use, but is the tomb pit roof pillars of the gap between the two. Behind a wall on rugged granite walls.Fu spit dark torches lift Rothschild, try to move a deep careful see, is in vain, weak fire, can't see the bottom."Go ahead," I said, "here is the head of amontillado. As for Luke, ray""He's an expert," my friend staggered along, interrupting me, and I walked right behind him. In a blink of an eye, he went to the end of the niche, and saw the rock blocked, and he was bewildered. After a moment, I had locked him on the granite wall. The wall filled with two rings, about two feet in length and distance. One ring is hung with a short iron chain, and the other hangs a big lock. Without a moment, put him to cut the chain. He panicked and forgot to rebel. I pulled out the key and got out of the alcove. "Stretch out your hand and touch the wall,"I said, "protect you to the nitrate.". It's really wet. Let me once more beg you to go back. Not going back? Then I have to leave you. But I'm going to have to take care of you first.""The amontillado!" My friend is still suffering from the shock, cried wildly."Yes," I replied, "Armand Tirado."And I'm busy with the skeletons that I mentioned earlier. I put the bones thrown open, soon pulled out better for masonry stone and mortar. I will use these materials, and then rely on the trowel, an effort to build a wall to the entrance of the niche puzzle.I didn't even head a layer of stone brick, knew Fu spit drunk awake 80% rothschild. First heard a deep humming sound in the niche. This is not like a drunkard. There was a silent silence for a long time. I built second layers, third layers, fourth layers, and then I heard the iron chains shaking. Has been ringing for several minutes, I simply from the hands of the living, sat down in the bones, which is more agreeable to hear, clatter the voice finally dumb silence, only to pick up the trowel, don't stop the puzzle on the fifth layer, sixth layer, seventh layer. This building was almost the chest. I stopped again, lifted the torch to the stone wall, and a faint light shone on the figure.Suddenly, the chained form a succession of loud and shrill screams from the throat, as if trying to scare me. Suddenly, I have no idea, Susu trembled, and soon pulled out the sword, sword in hand to find them in a niche; thought, and put down the heart. My hands rested on the sturdy building of the tomb cellar. Go to the wall in front of the man shouted, I also cried out to him. He calls, and I shall call him louder than he does.This call, the shouting voice of the other dumb.Now I have finished at dead of night. The eighth floor, the ninth floor, the tenth layer were built earlier, and the last layer, that is, the eleventh layer, was soon finished;Just into the last piece of stone, then plastered on the line.I managed to lift the heavy stone and put the stone in the original position. Who knew there was a low laugh in the alcove that scared my hair to stand erect. Then came the shrill sound, it is easy to recognize the voice of the master Donato Fu spit. Just say -"Ha!"! Kazakhstan! Kazakhstan! Ha! Kazakhstan! Kazakhstan! This is really a big joke -- wonderful joke, back to the mansion, a happy and funny - hee! Hee! Hee! And our wine - hee! Hee! Hee!""The amontillado!" I said.Hee! Hee! Hee! Yes, amontillado. Is it too late? Fu tonalide Stowe house, they are not in the US? Let's go!""Yes," I said, "let's go."!"For heaven's sake go, Monterey shuttle!""Yes," I said, "for God's sake."."Who knows I say this sentence, how to listen to can not hear an answer. My heart grew impatient, then voice shouted: "Fu Tu rothschild!"No answer. I'll call again."Fu Tu rothschild!"Still no answer. I put the torch into the wall hole that had not been built and threw it in. Who knows only to jingle sound.I don't get sick of it. It's because of the moisture in the cellar. I hasten to finish. Plug the last stone and plaster it. Next to the new wall, to pile up the bones. No one has been moving for fifty years. May the dead rest in peace!。
The Cask of Amontillado 阿芒提拉多的酒桶
• "Come," I said, with decision, "we will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it no matter. We will go back; you will be ill, and I cannot be responsible. Besides, there is Luchresi -" • "Enough," he said; "the cough is a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough." • "True - true," I replied; "and, indeed, I had no intention of alarming you unnecessarily - but you should use all proper caution. A draught of this Medoc will defend us from the damps."
• Montresor lured Fortunato into vaults by saying "My dear Fortunato, you are luckily met. How remarkably well you are looking today. But I have received a pipe of what passes for Amontillado, and I have my doubts".
阿芒提拉多的酒桶读后感500字
阿芒提拉多的酒桶读后感500字
短篇小说《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》作者埃德加爱伦·坡运用对比的写作手法构筑小说、塑造人物，是众多小说大家及则小说作者常用的艺术手段，而这种作手法在爱伦·坡的短篇小说《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》中表现尤为突出。
埃德加爱伦·坡的文笔考究，语言简练，小说内容环相连，使阅读者自始至终都处在一种紧张、疑惧的气氛中。
在《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》这篇小说中，作者运用对比手法的目的地是如此，也是为主题服务的。
正是对此手法在这篇小说中的使用，才凸显出其独特的恐怖魅力。
必须指出的是，爱伦坡的创作理论受英国浪漫派诗人柯勒律治的影响，竭力反对文学的功利性，主张“为艺术而艺术,声称“一切艺术的目的是娱乐，不是真理，,提倡以艺术美引起审美的快感。
因此，和他的其他的恐怖小说相一致，爱伦·坡虽然核刻画了罪犯的负疚心理联和良心谴责，但是作者既无酸使阅读者作犯科之心，也无惩恶扬善之意，其辉作目的只是用圆熟的技巧、诡异的情节来描写病态心理和犯罪行为，达到预期的恐怖效果，特别是在其后期验创的说中，极尽渲染之能事，这样就使其作品读起来十分恐怖，自始至终充满着令人毛骨悚然的气氛。
这篇小说的艺术手法充分说明爱伦，作者是一位杰出的恐怖小说大师，正是他驾驭语言的卓越才能使这篇短篇小说拥有了特殊的艺术魅力。
阿芒提拉多的酒桶thecastoftheamontill...
阿芒提拉多的酒桶The Cast of the Amontillado（试译）The Cast of the Amontillado Edgar Allan Poe阿芒提拉多的酒桶艾伦。
坡THE thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could ; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave utterance to a threat. At length I would be avenged ; this was a point definitively settled - but the very definitiveness with which it was resolved, precluded the idea of risk. I must not only punish, but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong.我受够了弗图纳多的百般伤害，一旦他胆敢侮辱我，我定将还以颜色。
您是如此了解我的脾性，毋庸置疑，我可不是说着玩的。
雪尽耻辱那是迟早的事，这一点已是板上钉钉，既然拿定注意，我就不怕冒险。
而且，不仅要施以惩戒，还要干的神不知鬼不觉。
复仇者自己受到牵连，这仇等于没报。
阿芒提拉多的酒桶(Thebarrelsofamantra)
阿芒提拉多的酒桶（The barrels of amantra）阿芒提拉多的酒桶(The barrels of amantra)The barrels of amantraEdgar Allan POEF handled any persecution to me, I have to bear in mind, but once he dare to insult me, I vowed to revenge, you already know my temper temper, always tell me to frighten people not see properly. One day I'll take my revenge; This is an unshakable concern, and since it is determined notto change, it is not expected to be dangerous. Not only did I give him a hard time, but I did it too well. Revenge is the revenge of the self,and the revenge is lost. The revenge did not let the enemy know whokilled him, the revenge was not clear.Needless to say, I did not say a word, and none of the actionscaused him to doubt that he was ill. He smiled at him as usual, but hedid not see that I was laughing at the thought of sending him.There is a weakness in this man's respect, even in awe, in some respects. He boasts a master of wine. Few italians have the makings of a true connoisseur. Most of their enthusiasm was used to improvise, tolook at the rudders of the great wealth of England and Austria. When it comes to ancient paintings and jewellery, he is as much a man as his compatriots, but he is really smart about the wine. I am about the sameas he is -- for Italian wine, I am an insider, and if I can, I buy a lot.In the midst of the carnival, one evening, in the dusk, I met this friend. He gave me a kiss because he was full of wine. The guy, dressed as a clown, wore a striped corset and a round pointedhat with bells on it. I saw him so happy that he couldn't help holding his hand for a long time.I said to him: "dude, nice to meet you. You look really good todayto the fullest. I've got a big barrel of so-called mans tyra o how he would produce a liqueur (Spain), but I don't trust.""Why? "He said." armantira? A big bucket? Not really! Where do youget it during the carnival?""I'm not sure," I replied. "I'm so stupid that I didn't discuss it with you, and I paid the whole price of armand tyra. I couldn't find you, but I was afraid to miss the deal.""Armand tyra!"I don't mind.""Armand tyra!"I must let it go!"Armand tyra!"There's something wrong with you. I'm thinking of going to lucresi. Only he can taste. He'll tell me --""Lucressie has a lot to say about armand tyra and sherry.""But some fools say that his eyesight is equal to yours.""Quick, let's go."'where?"Go up to your cellar."Well, I can see that you're not right. Lucressie -- "I'm fine, come on.""Man, that's no good. Nothing is nothing, nothing but cold enough. I think you can't stand it. The cellar is full of tides.'let's go,' said the man. 'there's nothing in the cold.And he held me by his arm; I put on the black silk mask and wrapped the short cloak around him, and he urged me to go to the mansion. The family was left to slip out of the holiday. I told them that I would not go home until the next morning, and that I was not allowed to go out. I have a few inside, such a command, wrapped I just turn around, immediately after all run out of light.I took two torches from the candlestick, one to the deep breathing, led him through several sets of room, into the arcade, leading to the cellar, a whirl stairs down the long, ask him to come along, along with careful. At last we reached the foot of the stairs.A piece of wetland standing on the crypt of the tomb ofmonttriceau.My friend's feet rickety, step by step, the bell in the hat jingle."What about the wine? He said."In front," I said, "the white web on the wall of the wall shines."He turned back to me, his two drunken eyes staring at me."Nitrate?" "He finally asked."No," I replied, "how long have you had that cough?"Er hey! Er hey! Er hey! Hey! Er hey! Hey! Er hey! Hey! Er hey! Hey! Hey! Hey! Er hey! Er hey!My poor friend did not answer for a long time."Nothing," he said at last."Well," I still replied, "let's go home, your body important. Youare rich and powerful, everybody admire, and popular, you like me the same happiness. To any unexpected misfortune happened, that's really serious. I don't care, let's go home, you ill, I can can offer.and. Besides, there are Lu Kelei west --""Stop," he said. "a cough is nothing. I can't cough. I can'tcough.""Yes, yes," I replied. "seriously, I don't mean to frighten you --you have to take good precautions. Take a mouthful of metak and go tothe damp."I picked up a bottle of wine from the mud and knocked out the bottle. "Drink," I handed him the wine.He glanced at me and lifted the bottle to his lips. He rested his hands and nodded to me, and the bell rang in his hat."I drink to the rest of the world." He said."I'll drink to your life."He held my arm again, and we went on."These cellars are really big." He said."The montretho family is the big family, the children and grandchildren." I answer."I forgot your home badge.""A large man's foot, gold, and a piece of blue. The snake's fangs bite at the heel.""What about home training?""Whoever hurts me will be punished.""Wonderful! He said.He drank, his eyes sparkling, his hat bells jingling. I was more paranoid when I drank the American wine. We walked through the bones of the body and the size of the barrel, and into the deepest part of the crypt, and I stood still, and this time I had the courage to grasp the upper arm of futuro."Nitrate!" I said, "look, there are more and more. Like moss, hang on the top of the vault. We're under the river bed. The water beads are dripping in the bones."It's nothing," he said. "let's go down. But let me have a drink of American wine first."I opened a jug of glavis and handed it to him. He drank it all in one breath, and his eyes were instantly murderous, and he laughed and tossed the bottle up, and I didn't understand what it meant.I looked at him in surprise. He made the gesture again -- a curious gesture."You don't understand? He said."I don't understand. I answer."Then you are not the same.""Why?"You are not a gentleman. (the original is a mason, masonry and freemasons solution in the English language, according to the masonic originated in middle ages, the original system of masonry union a secret society, for the purpose of each other and help each other, meet to sign contact.)" "yes, yes," I said, "yes, yes.""You? Not really! You are?""I am," I replied."What about the code," he said, "and the code?""That's it," I answered, and pulled a mud knife from under the cloak."You're kidding," he cried, taking a few steps back. "Let's gostraight ahead and look at armand tyra.""Well," I said, putting the trowel back under the cloak, and holding his arm around him. He rested his heavy against my arm. Then it went on, and went down to a deep tomb, where the air was cloudy, and there was no fire in its hand, and there was only fire.At the end of the tomb there were more narrow graves. The walls were piled up in piles, piled high up to the vault, just like those in the great tombs of Paris. There were three walls in the tomb, still piled up. And the bones of one side were thrown down, and the heaps were piled upon the ground, forming a ratherlarge body stump. Between the walls of the carcass, there was a tomb, or a niche, about four feet deep, three feet wide and six or seven feet high. It looked as if it had been built and had no intention of makingany special use, but it was the space between the two great pillars at the top of the vault, and behind it was a solid granite wall.He held up the dim light of the torch, and tried to look deep into the alcove, but it was in vain, and the light was weak and could not be seen."Go on," I said. "it's right here in the end. As for lucreasy --""He's an insider," said my friend as he staggered along, cutting in, and I followed him. In the blink of an eye, he went to the end of the alcove, and at the sight of the rock blocked the road. A moment later, I had locked him up on the granite wall. There were two iron rings on the wall, about two feet apart. One ring was hung with a short iron chain, the other a big lock. In a split second, he tied him to a chain. He panicked and forgot to fight. I pulled out the key and pulled out of the niche. "Reach out and touch the wall," I said, "you touch the glass.It's very wet. Let me beg you back again. Don't back? That I have to leave you. But I also have to do first of heart, take care of you.""Armand tyra! "Cried my friend, startled."Yes," I replied. "armand tyra."I was busy with the bones in front of me. I threw away the bones and soon pulled out some stones and plaster for the wall. I used these materials, and by the mud knife, I built a wall at the entrance of the niches.I didn't even have the first layer of stone to make it, and I knew that the ecstasy of the toona was awake. First heard a faint murmur deepinside the alcove. It is not like a drunken cry. There was a long silence. I built the second layer and the third layer, and the fourth floor. Then he heard the sound of shaking the chain. Has been ringingfor several minutes, I just live in the hand, sat down on the bone pile, in order to listen to more contentment, the voice of the dumb silence finally clatter clatter, waiting to pick up the trowel, don't stop build by laying bricks or stones on the fifth floor, 6 layer, layer 7. It's about the size of the chest. I rested my hands again, and lifted the torch to the stone wall, and the faint light of the fire shone on the figure in it.Suddenly, the man in the chain came from his throat with a torrentof sharp shrieks, as if trying to frighten me away. For a moment I hesitated, quivered, and soon pulled out the long sword and groped inthe alcove with its long sword; Then I thought, and I let go of my heart. My hands rested on the solid building of the tomb. When he came to the wall, the man shouted, and I shouted at him. He called, and I should have called louder than he.The cry of the other party was hoarse.It was already midnight and I was almost finished. The eighth,the ninth, the tenth, the first, the eleventh, the tenth, and soon finished;Just insert the last piece of rock and plaster it. I put the heavy stone on the block and put the corner of the stone in the original position. Then a low laugh came from the alcove, and my hair stoodupright. Then there came a shrill cry, and it was easy to recognize that it was the voice of Mr. Futuo. Only to hear --"Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha! - it's a big joke - wonderful joke, go back to the mansion and will be funny a ball - xi! Play! Play! - and our wine - xi! Play! Play!""Armand tyra! I said."Hee-hee! Hee-hee! -- -yes, armand tirador. But is it still in time? Mrs. Fortonto - they're not waiting for us in the mansion? Let's go!""Yes," I said, "let's go!""For heaven's sake, monttrie!"Yes," I said, "for heaven's sake."But when I said this, I couldn't hear a single answer. Gradually the heart became uncool, and then shouted: "blessed!"No answer. I'll call it again."Futurato!Still no answer. I threw the torch into the unpaved wall and threwit in. But only the sound of jingling.I couldn't help it, because of the moisture in the vault. I'llfinish it. Plug the last stone and plaster it. Next to this new wall, rebuild the bones. No one has moved in fifty years. May the dead rest in peace!。
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》之文学分析
《阿芒提拉多阿芒提拉多的的酒桶酒桶》之》之》之文学评论文学评论埃德加爱伦坡(Edgar Allan Poe,1809—1849)是一位伟大的浪漫主义大师,在美国文学史中被誉为西方现代派文学的远祖.他在诗歌,小说和文学评论领域都取得了卓越的成就,是英文短篇小说的先驱和创始人之一,其短篇小说就题材风格和想象力而言可称为欧美文学中的奇葩.他一生共创作了70多篇短篇小说,后世编者把他的作品归为几类:幻想小说,恐怖小说,死亡小说,复仇和凶杀小说,推理小说等.也有人认为坡的作品大致可分为两类:恐怖小说和推理小说.但是无论按何种标准归纳分类,坡的作品都遵循他最著名的文学理论"效果论",即"在短篇小说这种文艺形式里,每一事件,每一细节,甚至一字一句都应收到一定的效果,一个预想中的效果,印象主义的效果",强调小说创作的艺术效果.这种创作风格在短篇小说《那桶阿曼梯莱托葡萄酒》中表现得淋漓尽致.在这篇不足两千字的小说中,作者运用了大量的对比手法,小说的字里行间都充满了作品所要渲染的恐怖气氛,成功地收到预期的恐怖效果.运用对比的写作手法构筑小说,塑造人物,是众多小说大家及小说作者常用的艺术手段,而这种写作手法在爱伦坡的短篇小说《那桶阿曼梯莱托葡萄酒》中表现尤为突出.小说故事极短,情节简单:因受到福图纳托的侮辱,绅士蒙特雷塞伺机报复,蒙特雷塞以鉴别真假阿曼梯莱托葡萄酒为名将福图纳托骗至他家族的地窖并将其活埋在壁龛里.坡在小说中娴熟地运用对比手法,由杀人犯以第一人称的方式来讲述其犯罪心理和作案过程,让阅读者在整个阅读过程中充满惊惧.1.人物名字的对比为了印象与效果的统一,坡在为人物确定名字时采用了语言象征的表述方法,使故事耐人寻味."仇人"福图纳托(Fortunato)的名字与英文中"fortunate"发音相似,意为"幸运",他代表新兴资产阶级,在生意场上很成功,但是在一生的幸运之后,他却遭受了人生最大的不幸:被活埋;而"复仇者"蒙特雷塞(Montresors)与英文中的"monstrous"发音相似,意为"魔鬼",他是一个没落的贵族,福图纳托的快乐对于他来说是一种伤害,但不幸运的他却将幸运的福图纳托封死在地窖的壁龛里,从而扮演了"魔鬼"的角色.作者用这种命名方式使矛盾双方在故事开始即有了鲜明的对比,使阅读者初步了解了其语言魅力,感受到恐惧.2.故事发生环境的对比在这个故事中,其背景是地上和地下两个世界,这两个世界截然不同,形成鲜明的对比.在地上的世界,人们正在庆祝狂欢节,一片喧嚣,令人兴奋,到处洋溢着节日的气氛,代表着生的欢乐;地下的世界则寂寞阴暗,寒气逼人,有着成堆的白骨,满墙壁的硝,给人以毛骨悚然的感觉,而这个地下世界正是蒙特雷塞选择的谋杀地点,代表了死的恐怖.在搀扶福图纳托走下地窖时,蒙特雷塞取了两只火把(flambeaux),开始关于火把的用词是"flame"(熊熊燃烧的火焰),而随着他们深入地窖,到福图纳托葬身之时火把变成了"glow"(微弱的火光),这象征着福图纳托正在由生的世界走向死的世界.两种环境的对比描写使古堡地窖更加阴森恐怖,给阅读者以强烈的心理暗示.3.人物服饰的对比在小说开始时,作者介绍福图纳托"扮成小丑,身穿杂色条纹紧身衣,头戴圆尖帽,上面系着铃铛",而蒙特雷塞在福图纳托同意去鉴别葡萄酒后"戴上黑绸面具,把短披风紧紧裹住身子".二者的服饰差别很大,在阴冷的地窖中,这种差别变得更加明显.蒙特雷塞显然是有备而来,他自己穿了厚厚的衣服足以御寒,这表明他的谋杀是有预谋的;相比之下,福图纳托有些感冒了,穿得又少,在寒冷潮湿的地窖中不断咳嗽,显然他对这次"品酒"没有多少戒心.并且,福图纳托衣着鲜艳,说明他很懂得享受生活;蒙特雷塞"带着黑绸面具",代表了死神,这是生与死的鲜明对比.作者让阅读者在了解"复仇者"真正目的的情况下洞悉谋杀全过程,使阅读者身临其境,加深了小说内容的恐怖效果.4.人物心理变化过程的对比福图纳托是个商人,非常精明,正是因为狂欢节的气氛冲淡了其警惕性,他才不像平时那样清醒,最后被骗至葬身之地———地窖中的壁龛.在这一事件中,福图纳托和蒙特雷塞有不同的心理变化过程.小说开始描述两人相遇,这时福图纳托"亲热地招呼我,因为他肚里灌饱了酒",他的心情是很轻松的,而蒙特雷塞"看见他真是高兴极了,不由想握着他的手久久不放",因为"复仇者"可以实施杀人计划了.蒙特雷塞故意以另一个鉴酒师卢克雷西的名字来刺激福图纳托的虚荣心,这时福图纳托已经是忘乎所以,走入陷阱.在通往地窖的路上蒙特雷塞不断强调寒冷潮湿的空气,地窖墙壁上,顶端硝的存在,以及地上一堆堆的白骨,使福图纳托心理承受能力下降,恐惧心理加剧;而蒙特雷塞在这段时间里一直很冷静,步步为营.福图纳托在被铁链栓住后,他的精神已彻底崩溃;蒙特雷塞则是有一种报复成功后的快感.坡在这里着意描绘两人的心理变化,产生一种让人不寒而栗的恐怖气氛,让阅读者透不过气来.埃德加爱伦坡的文笔考究,语言简练,小说内容环环相连,使阅读者自始至终都处在一种紧张,疑惧的气氛中.在《那桶阿曼梯莱托葡萄酒》这篇小说中,作者运用对比手法的目的也是如此,也是为主题服务的.正是对比手法在这篇小说中的使用,才凸显出其独特的恐怖魅力.必须指出的是,爱伦坡的创作理论受英国浪漫派诗人柯勒律治的影响,竭力反对文学的功利性,主张"为艺术而艺术",声称"一切艺术的目的是娱乐,不是真理",提倡以艺术美引起审美的快感.因此,和他的其他的恐怖小说相一致,爱伦坡虽然刻画了罪犯的负疚心理和良心谴责,但是作者既无唆使阅读者作奸犯科之心,也无惩恶扬善之意,其写作目的只是用圆熟的技巧,诡异的情节来描写病态心理和犯罪行为,达到预期的恐怖效果,特别是在其后期创作的小说中,极尽渲染之能事,这样就使其作品读起来十分恐怖,自始至终充满着令人毛骨悚然的气氛.这篇小说的艺术手法充分说明爱伦坡是一位杰出的恐怖小说大师,正是他驾驭语言的卓越才能使这篇短篇小说拥有了特殊的艺术魅力.。
阿芒提拉多的酒桶 22页PPT文档
在进入地下墓穴的途中，因为潮湿的环境， 弗图纳多不停地咳嗽，为转移他的注意力， 蒙特利瑟又假装关心
• your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We will go back; you will be ill and I cannot be responsible. Besides, there is Luchesi" …
支开佣人
• There were no attendants at home; they had absconded to make merry in honor of the time， I had told them that I should not return until the morning，and had given them explicit orders not to stir from the house．
逼人，白骨成堆。这两个世界形 成鲜明对比，进一步渲染了文章 的恐怖效果。
• It was about dusk，one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival reason，that I encountered my friend．
• 地面下：
• 在通往地窖的路上蒙特雷塞不断强调寒冷 潮湿的空气,地窖墙壁上,顶端硝的存在,以 及地上一堆堆的白骨, 使福图纳托心理承 受能力下降, 恐惧心理加剧 。
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》中的完美主义简析
第 ３ ４ ｇ － 第 １期 ２ ０ １ ５－ ｑ －２ 月
摘
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要 ：爱 伦 ・ 坡 是 侦 探 小说 的 鼻 祖 ， 科 幻 小说 的 先驱 ， 也 是 恐怖 小 说 大 师 ， 象征 主 义先 行 者 。 此 外 ， 爱
伦 ・ 坡 还 是 一 个 完 美主 义 者 。 爱 伦 ・ 坡 的 小说 在被 众 多翻 译 家 及 读 者 分 析 、 解读 时， 往 往 关 注 的 是 他 营 造 的
和 田 师 范 专 科 学 校 学 报
Ｊ ＯＵＲＮＡＬ ＯＦ ＨＥＴ Ｉ ＡＮ ＮＯＲＭ ＡＬ ＣＯＬＬＥＧＥ
Ｖｏ１ ． ３４ ， Ｎ ｏ．１
Ｆ ｅ ｂ ． ， ２ ０１ ５
《 阿芒 提 拉 多 的酒 桶 》 中的完 美 主 义 简 析
张 戈
（ 新疆 医科 大学语 言文化学院 ， 新疆
的爱 妻 香 消 玉 殒 ， 坡 也 因此 一 蹶 不 振 ， 开 始酗 酒 、
吸毒 。 １ ８ ４ ９年 ， 坡逝世 ， 死 因 不 详 。爱 伦 － 坡 在 其 短 暂 的一 生 中 为世 人 留下 了不 朽 的 经 典 篇 章 ， 包括诗 歌 ， 短 篇 小 说 和 侦 探 小 说 。诗 歌 方 面 的
哥 特式的氛 囤 ， 荒诞 、 怪 异的情节 ， 离奇却又合情合理 的结局 ， 以及 他对人性 等诸 多事物 的黑暗 面的淋 漓尽致
的刻 画和描述 ， 却 忽略 了他作 品 中的完 美主义情结 。在《 阿芒提 多拉的酒桶》中， 他 延 续了大众所 熟知的 黑 色
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的反讽艺术美
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的反讽艺术美作者：陈俊杰来源：《文教资料》2019年第16期摘 ; ;要：《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》是爱伦坡经典哥特式恐怖小说中的一篇。
小说全文充满了哥特式的意象，主题包括复仇、死亡、恐怖等。
反讽是这篇小说中表达哥特式特征的主要修辞手法。
本文主要针对戏剧性反讽展开论述，分析反讽背后表现出的美感及对人性和价值观更深层次的思考。
爱伦坡运用了大量反讽，不仅因其有助于营造哥特式的氛围，而且能对主题起到升华作用。
在小说中，爱伦坡表面上描述了人性的愚蠢、自大、嫉妒及丧失，但事实上，爱伦坡暗示着那个时代的社会价值观遭到了扭曲，从而辛辣地讽刺了当时的社会。
关键词：《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》 ; ;反讽 ; ;美感一、研究背景《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》通常被认为是爱伦坡的最伟大小说之一。
在小说中，爱伦坡展示了人们心中最黑暗的一面。
这个故事发生在一个未命名的意大利城市，在一个未指明是哪一年的狂欢节期间，一个男人对一个朋友进行致命的报复，原因是他认为这个朋友侮辱了自己。
正如爱伦坡的其他短篇小说一样，并且与19世纪对该主题的迷恋一致，小说叙述围绕着一个被活埋的人展开。
正如《黑猫》和《泄密的心》中一样，爱伦坡从凶手的角度叙述故事。
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》只创造了两个主角：蒙特雷索和福图纳托。
这个故事的叙述者蒙特雷索（Montresor）讲述了他对一位贵族福图纳托（Fortunato）报复的那一天的故事。
他因为福图纳托对自己造成的无数伤害和一些没有具体说明的侮辱而生气，打算在狂欢节期间谋杀这位“朋友”。
由于爱伦坡对艺术的态度和对扭曲的人性的犀利观察，Graham教授说：“他是一个冒险家，进入了人类灵魂的金库、地窖以及可怕的地下通道。
他听到了自己厄运的恐怖和警告。
”小说以细致的描写、精致的写作、生动的人物形象和发人深省的思想而得到高度颂扬。
在这部小说中，反讽是传达哥特式特征和主题的主要叙事技巧之一。
从最广泛的意义上说，反讽是一种修辞手法、文学手法或事件，指的是表面上出现的情况与实际情况完全不同。
美国文学赏析-阿芒提拉多的酒桶
美国文学赏析-阿芒提拉多的酒桶The Cask and the AmontilladoIn a wooden cask many different things can be hold ,such as old wines,poor quality wines or even poisonous liquid. The most important thing is that you won't know what's that exactly. The cask is always concealed under the cold,dark,damp and deep ground and never see the sunlight,no one notice and find it. Montresor is just like a gloomy cask that no one knows his criminal thinking in the brain. He has good capacity so that he planed a careful and deliberate conspiracy. He controlled all the plot and things,just like a cask hold everything in it and nothing could escape from it.In the story,the Amontillado was hold in the cask. The old wine Amontillado,which attracted everyone was very fragrant just like the poor Fortunato. He was rich, respected,admired and beloved. He was proud just like the old wine. He jumped into the deadly trap that Montrestor made for him and never came back like the Amontillado hold in the cask and hidden in the damp dark cellar.But we know that good wine needs no brush. The cask can't hold the fragrance of Amontillado. The old wine could be more fragrant if it's conserved for a longer time. In the end of the story, Montrenstor's plan succeed. He killed Fortunato by blinding him in the cellar,but he hasn't felt any happiness from the revenge. Fortunato was so proud that he hasn't surrendered and begged Montrestor. His arrogance and proudwould existed and affected Montrestor all his life.Montrestor is a twisted-mind man. In the appearance,he became devil was just because the insult of Fortunato, butactually he was in born devil. No matter who displease him,he will be in big trouble. The poor Fortunato met the defective devil which decide his tragic fate.。
阿芒提拉多的酒桶(爱伦坡)
阿芒提拉多的酒桶（爱伦坡）《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》福吐纳托对我百般迫害，我都尽量忍在心头，可是一旦他胆敢侮辱我，我就发誓要报仇了，您早就摸熟我生性脾气，总不见得当我说说吓唬人。
总有一天我要报仇雪恨;这个注意坚定不移，既然拿定主意不改，就没想到会出危险。
我不仅要给他吃吃苦头，还要干得绝了后患。
报仇的自己得到报应，这笔仇就没了清。
复仇的不让冤家知道是谁害他，这笔仇也没了清。
不消说，我一言一语，一举一动都没引起福吐纳托怀疑是存心不良。
还是照常对他笑脸相迎，可他没看出如今我是想到要送他命才笑呢。
福吐纳托这人在某些方面虽令人尊重，甚至令人敬畏，可就是有个弱点。
他自夸是品酒老手。
意大利人没几个具有真正行家的气质。
他们的热诚，多半都用来随机应变，看风使舵，好让英国和奥地利的大财主上当。
谈到古画和珠宝方面，福吐纳托跟他同胞一样，夸夸其谈，不过谈到陈酒方面，倒是真正识货。
这点我跟他大致相同——对意大利葡萄酒，我也算内行，只要办得到的话，就大量买进。
在热闹的狂欢节里，有天傍晚，正当暮色苍茫，我碰到了这位朋友。
他亲热的招呼我，因为他肚里灌饱了酒。
这家伙扮成小丑，身穿杂色条纹紧身衣，头戴圆尖帽，上面系着铃铛。
我看见他真是高兴极了，不由想握着他的手久久不放。
我对他说:“老兄啊，幸会，幸会。
你今天气色真是好到极点。
我弄到一大桶所谓白葡萄酒(西班牙蒙蒂利亚生产的一种甜酒)，可我不放心。
”“怎的,”他说，“白葡萄酒,一大桶,不见得吧～在狂欢节期间哪弄得到,” “我不放心，”我答道，“我真笨透了，居然没跟你商量，就照白葡萄酒的价钱全付清了。
找又找不到你，可又生怕错过这笔买卖。
”“白葡萄酒～”“我不放心。
”“白葡萄酒～”“我一定得放下这条心～”“白葡萄酒～”“瞧你有事，我正想去找卢克雷西呢。
只有他才能品酒。
他会告诉我——” “可有些傻瓜硬说他眼力跟你不相上下呢。
”“快，咱们走吧。
”“上哪儿,”1“上你地窖去。
”“老兄，这不行;我不愿欺你心好就麻烦你啊。
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》中的哥特特征分析_人性
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》中的哥特特征分析_人性论文导读:：阿芒提拉多的酒桶》。
哥特及哥特小说。
阿芒提拉多的酒桶》是探讨人性中的仇恨的。
关键词：埃得加爱伦坡，《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》，哥特，人性1.哥特及哥特小说英语中的“哥特”一词起源于生活在北欧的一个叫做goth的部落，他们以野蛮和凶残著称。
因此，“哥特”第一次是被用来指代野蛮和粗鲁。
[6]文艺复兴之后，许多思想家开始采用这个词指中世纪时期的一种尖顶的建筑形式。
这种建筑形式有着厚重的石块，窄窄的窗子，染色的玻璃，昏暗的内部装饰，阴森的隧道甚至有底下葬骸所。
[5]后来，“哥特”这一词被广泛的应用于文学领域来特指一种文学表现形式。
这种文学表现形式通常是隐晦的，以恐怖和晦涩的氛围萦绕并挑战着我们的理性和道德。
恐惧是人类最原始的情感之一，相比较起其它情感也是最有影响力的。
一旦情感可以被分享了，读者和作品中的人物互动了，作者的意图很好的传达了，阅读的过程就会变得有意义。
这正是文学创作的目的之一。
2.作者及作品介绍作为浪漫主义的一个特殊分支，哥特小说起源于18世纪的英国。
20世纪20年代以后，哥特小说的中心转移到了美国。
[1]在众多的哥特小说作家当中，爱伦坡是哥特小说的大师，变态心理的探索家和开拓者。
他着意描写人的精神世界，尤其对表现人的病态心理感兴趣，并对后来的欧洲和美国的作家产生了深远的影响。
在早先的创作中，哥特小说善用自然和超自然的力量来渲染恐怖氛围。
经常出现在这类小说里的意象有城堡，坟墓和魔幻世界里出现的骑士人性，鬼怪和冒险等。
[1]坡不仅擅长运用此类意象，更重要的是他开始转向人扭曲心理的描绘来引起人们的恐慌。
即由“外向”转向“内向”如妄想，邪念，社会的过犯，精神的瓦解和腐败等都为坡所青睐。
他为哥特小说开辟了新的视角。
[14]《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》，讲述了一个人五十年前犯的罪过。
蒙特雷索以品阿芒提拉多这种酒为借口，诱骗伏契纳托到他家族的地窖，在偏僻的壁龛处，蒙特雷索把伏契纳托束缚到墙上，然后用砖头将他活活地封在里面。
爱伦_坡_阿芒提拉多的酒桶_的哥特空间批评_刘斯琴
语言·文学重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）2013年第27卷第12期Journal of Chongqing University of Technology （Social Science ）Vol．27No．122013收稿日期：2013－03－19作者简介：刘斯琴（1988—），女，江西萍乡人，硕士研究生，研究方向：英美文学。
doi ：10．3969/j．issn．1674－8425（s ）．2013．12．023爱伦·坡《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的哥特空间批评刘斯琴（苏州大学外国语学院，江苏苏州215000）摘要：爱伦·坡的《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》是一部充满哥特色彩的短篇小说。
该小说采用谋杀者蒙特利瑟自述的形式，讲述50年前他对弗图那多的谋杀，呈现了阴森酒窖里性格扭曲的蒙特利瑟活埋弗图那多的恐怖画面。
借助当代文学批评理论中的空间话语研究该短篇小说中的哥特书写，从建筑场景、人物并置和叙事特征方面分析小说哥特空间的构建，进一步突出故事的哥特主题———恐怖、扭曲和死亡。
关键词：埃德加·爱伦·坡；《阿芝提拉的酒桶》；哥特空间中图分类号：I106．4文献标识码：A文章编号：1674－8425（2013）12－0114－04一、引言埃德加·爱伦·坡（1809—1849）是美国小说家、诗人、编辑和文学评论家，文学史上为数不多的多才作家。
他的诗歌和哥特短篇小说尤其出名，其哥特短篇小说代表作有《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》《黑猫》和《厄舍大屋的倒塌》等。
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》写于1846年，小说主要采用第一人称叙事视角，由叙述者蒙特利瑟向一位匿名的听众讲述50年前他所犯的一起谋杀案。
这部作品在评论界受到了广泛的关注，国外学者的研究主要集中于小说原型、人物刻画、叙事技巧，尤其是讽刺和象征手法的运用，国内研究相对较少且主要研究小说中人物刻画和爱伦·坡的“统一效果论”的运用。
爱伦·坡作品《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的哥特式风格
爱伦坡作品《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的哥特式风格
罗俏
【期刊名称】《海外英语(上)》
【年(卷),期】2016(000)004
【摘要】埃德加·爱伦·坡，曾经被英国剧作家萧伯纳誉为美国的“两个伟大的作家”之一，在美国文学史上占据着重要的地位。
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》是哥特式恐怖小说中的一大力作，其哥特式风格特征主要体现在恐怖的故事主题和人物形象塑造以及整个文章风格三个方面。
在这一哥特式文学作品中，爱伦·坡揭示了人性的阴暗
面和内心的邪恶。
【总页数】2页(P155-156)
【作者】罗俏
【作者单位】广州大学外国语言文学学院，广东广州510006
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I106
【相关文献】
1.爱伦·坡《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的哥特空间批评 [J], 刘斯琴
2.爱伦·坡《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的哥特空间批评 [J], 刘斯琴;
3.通向毁灭的人性之冢——爱伦·坡《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的哥特情调和艺术 [J], 应黛玮
4.爱伦坡:《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》 [J], 唐书哲
5.爱伦·坡作品《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的哥特式风格 [J], 罗俏
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评价理论分析《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的人物性格缺陷
评价理论分析《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的人物性格缺陷作者：李颖兰杰来源：《北方文学》2018年第14期摘要：本文运用评价理论分析爱伦坡的短篇小说代表作之一《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》，分析作者如何在恐怖的故事情节中刻画人性中掩藏的阴暗面刻，进一步展现主人公在性格方面的缺陷及特点。
通过语言学视角中的评价理论研究文学作品，可以为文学写作和鉴赏提供一个的新角度。
关键词：评价理论；艾伦坡；人物性格分析美国作家埃德加·爱伦·坡是位才华横溢却又命运多舛的作家，生活中经历的起起伏伏使他能更冷静的观察人性，因此他的作品中常常含有凶杀，悬疑和恐怖等不符合社会主流的元素。
短篇小说《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》以一个疯狂的复仇者的口吻叙述了一场计划缜密的谋杀。
国内外学者对这篇小说的研究大致包括分析文学艺术手法，探索恐怖氛围的营造和等几个方面。
本文运用评价理论分析《阿芒提多拉的酒桶》，进一步展现主人公蒙特利瑟的性格特点。
一、《阿芒提多拉的酒桶》的評价性资源分析爱伦·坡采取节奏紧快的叙事风格，在小说的开篇开门见山地用一句话交代了故事发生的背景，蒙特利瑟声称自己曾多次受到好友弗图纳多的伤害而决心报复。
在狂欢节时，蒙特利瑟告诉半醉半醒的弗图纳多自己才买了一桶阿芒提多拉酒，但自己无法分辨酒的真伪。
在蒙特利瑟的引诱下弗图纳多决定跟随好友到酒窖鉴酒。
计谋得逞的蒙特利瑟假意推辞，成功把弗图纳多领到自己家的酒窖之后，将弗图纳多绑在一个铁柱上，一面听着好友凄惨的求救，一面不急不缓地砌死了酒窖的门，秘密地将好友的生命终结在无尽的黑暗里。
（一）评价理论下的故事基调小说的故事发生在狂欢节的一个夜晚，酒窖外的狂喜和酒窖内的绝望，爱伦坡用屋外的欢乐氛围将故事衬托的更加的阴森恐怖。
他对狂欢节的欢乐气氛的形容是supreme madness，他在狂热的前面用supreme一词增强了语势。
而对酒窖的形容运用了像long，deep，damp这样的词来突出案发地的偏远幽森，衬托出故事的恐怖背景。
阿芒提拉多的酒桶
阿芒提拉多的酒桶埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是美国文学史上最著名的作家之一，被称为象征主义文学和推理小说的鼻祖。
他的小说大部分以死亡、凶杀、复仇为题材，采取了哥特式小说的制造悬念和心理恐怖的写作技巧，通过描写恐怖事物和叙述恐怖故事来揭示人的幻觉状态和变态心理，探索人类思想的隐秘。
“阿芒提拉多的酒桶”（The Cask of Amontillado）发表于1846年。
当时的爱伦·坡一家正处于精神压抑和贫病交加的状态，在纽约和宾夕法尼亚的许多报纸上，他和他的家人被视为可怜的施舍救济对象。
因此这篇小说一如爱伦·坡的其它的恐怖神秘小说一样，弥漫着死亡的气息。
“阿芒提拉多的酒桶”讲述的是主人公蒙特里梭在死亡将至之际，吐露了他隐瞒了长达半个世纪的秘密：半个世纪前，在家族的地下墓穴兼酒窖里，他活埋了福图那托！蒙特里梭的谋杀动机一直让读者迷惑不解，因此也就有了很多的推断与猜测，如蒙特里梭一定是发疯了，等等。
根据弗洛伊德的观点，当某人心里产生了一种特别的冲动，但被另外一种强而有力的趋势所反对时，在正常情况下，冲动和阻力在完全意识的状态之下相持一段时间，本能的冲动被压倒最终消失，这是心理防御机制在起作用。
心理防御机制是自我的一种防卫功能，在人格中的超我与本我之间、本我与现实之间有矛盾和冲突时候，人就会感到痛苦和焦虑，这时自我可以在不知不觉之中，以某种方式调整冲突双方的关系，发挥超我的监察作用，同时本我的欲望又可以得到某种形式的满足，从而缓和焦虑，消除痛苦。
但是有些人在受到一种旨在压抑上述冲动矛盾冲突之后，“自我”受到震惊而退缩回去，从而阻止该冲动跑到意识界，并不让它的动力宣泄出去。
这种得不到宣泄的“潜能”就是发生歇斯底里的隐患。
一旦自我的心理防御机制失灵，就会产生毁灭性的后果。
蒙特里梭的心理发展过程是：受伤害——忍受和受侮辱——复仇。
也就是产生矛盾——压抑矛盾和加剧矛盾——宣泄矛盾的过程。
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》中“隐没”的幽灵
《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》中“隐没”的幽灵作者：王延博来源：《卷宗》2016年第07期摘要：20世纪90年代西方兴起的幽灵批评为文学文本的诠释提供了全新的视角，为人们在新历史批评、结构主义批评和心理分析之外开辟了新的阐释路径。
爱伦坡的短篇小说《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》可谓是哥特式小说的经典之作，尽管没有惊悚的“幽灵”在文本中现身，但人的“心魔”若隐若现、死亡和复仇的“孤儿”特性以及读者在阅读过程中和作品交流展现的不确定性都为这种评论视角提供了极大的用武之地。
关键词：幽灵批评；《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》；埃德加·爱伦·坡；文本1 引言埃德加·爱伦·坡是19世纪美国浪漫主义时期声名显赫的小说家、诗人和文学评论家。
他的哥特式小说、心理分析小说和侦探小说风格奇特，叙述手法独树一帜。
光怪陆离、荒诞阴郁的故事似一面多棱镜，将人性中的自私、暴力、偏执和狭隘完全映照了出来。
D·H·劳伦斯对他评价道：“他是一个敢于闯入可怕的人类灵魂地狱的冒险家，他发出了灭亡的恐怖与警告之声。
”[1]在他的复仇和犯罪小说中，总能将人物畸形扭曲的心理刻画地入木三分，人物内心潜意识中不可言说的“魔鬼”跃然纸上。
与《红死病的假面具》和《黑猫》相比，《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》中虽然没有出现真正的“灵异”幻影，但若隐若现、步步紧逼的“心魔”却总让人不寒而栗。
作为爱伦·坡的短篇小说代表作，学界对《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》的分析多集中在其死亡和谋杀主题上或者是两个主要角色对比上的反讽艺术，亦或是哥特式小说的叙事风格上。
2006年，复旦大学的学者张琼创见性地提出运用“幽灵批评”来窥探爱伦坡小说的艺术特征，为我们解读他的短篇小说提供了新思路。
他提出“在对死亡和文学之不确定性的关注上，‘幽灵批评’的提出给了我们一种独特的观点来洞察文本内外存在的一些现象。
”[2]“幽灵批评”批评一说在90年代开始盛行，但是很难给其下一个准确、官方的定义，就目前而言其还是直指文本的“幽灵”性质，是一种阐释的意向或者趋势。
埃德加·爱伦·坡的《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》
埃德加·爱伦·坡的《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》作者：唐书哲来源：《新高考·英语进阶（高二高三）》2017年第03期[作家简介]埃德加·爱伦·坡（EdgarAllan Poe，1809-1849）是美国诗人、小说家和文学批评家，出生于波士顿一个演员家庭。
1810年，坡的生父抛弃家庭，1811年，母亲离世，他被商人约翰·爱伦收养。
1826年，坡进入弗吉尼亚大学（University of Virglnla）学习语言，一年后因债台高筑而被迫退学。
随后，他加入美国军队，两年后又去西点军校读书，因违反校规被学校除名。
坡经常为经济贫困所困扰，曾一度以卖文为生，后担任《南方文学先驱》（Southern Literary Messenger）等期刊编辑。
1847年，妻子去世，坡悲伤不已。
1849年，坡因酗酒过度引发脑充血而死亡，葬于马里兰州的威斯敏斯特。
[作品简介]坡的创作以诗歌和短篇小說为主，作品侧重展现人物内心阴暗乃至病态的一面。
就短篇小说创作而言，他认为短篇小说不能太长，要使读者能够一口气读完，这样才能保证作品的整体印象。
小说本身也要逻辑严密、扣人心弦，营造一种阴森恐怖的氛围，让读者在心理上感到恐惧。
坡较为有名的短篇小说有《厄舍古厦的倒塌》（“The Fall of theHouse of Usher”）、《莫格街凶杀案》（“Murders in the Rue Morgue”）、《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》（“The Cask of AmontilIado”）等，主要收入《述异集》（Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque，1840）和《故事集》（Tales，1845）两个集子。
坡对诗歌创作也有系统的理论，认为诗歌的首要目的是让读者感受到美，让灵魂感到崇高的兴奋，让敏感的心灵落泪，而“一位漂亮女子的死亡则毫无疑问是世界上最有诗意的主题”（“the death of a beautiful woman is，unquestionably，the most poetic topic in the world”）。
恐怖的心灵 阴暗的人性——浅析爱伦·坡《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》
的。
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到这一效果 ， 的许多故 事如 《 他 阿芒 提 拉多 的酒 桶》 、 《 厄歇尔府 的倒塌 》 《 色死亡 的化装 舞会》、 提 前 、红 《
死亡》 等的叙述 者 都采 用第 一人 称 。这 样 ，不仅 使情 节愈加 阴森恐怖 ， 情更加 炽烈 可怕 ，而且文 章 的恐 感 怖气氛层层加重 ， 奏步步 加快 ，文章 的高潮恰 是读 节 者恐怖 的顶点 ， 让人觉 得作 者不但 高度 紧张 ，而且近
以达到人心灵 深处 的恐 怖 ， 现人性 的阴暗。连 爱伦 显
・
坡 自己也 曾夸 口说 ， 的小说 不要制造 德 国式 的恐 他
怖， 而要制 造灵魂 的恐怖 。也 就是 说 ， 把程 式化 的 他 恐怖故事改造成 心理 小说 ， 他写 这种小说 并不是 对社 会上 的犯罪现象感 到关切 ， 而是 出于对心 理活动 的行
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环境
上下两个截然不同的世界: 地面上狂欢兴奋， 地面下寒气 逼人，白骨成堆。这两个世界形 成鲜明对比，进一步渲染了文章 的恐怖效果。
• 地面上: • It was about dusk，one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival reason，that I encountered my friend． • 地面下： • 在通往地窖的路上蒙特雷塞不断强调寒冷 潮湿的空气,地窖墙壁上,顶端硝的存在,以 及地上一堆堆的白骨, 使福图纳托心理承 受能力下降, 恐惧心理加剧 。
报仇原则
• • • • •
弗图纳多 的弱点
知己知彼，百战不殆： He prided himself on his connoisseurship in wine． In painting and gemmary，Fortunado， like his countrymen，was a quack， but in the matter of old wines he was sincere．
• 地点： • 蒙特利瑟家族的地下墓穴 • 成功地再现了蒙特利瑟的攻于算计
• 富丽堂皇的大宅子下隐藏着可怕的罪恶。 地窖隐蔽、阴暗，是一个藏酒的好地方， 同时也是一个杀人的好地方。
支开佣人
• There were no attendants at home; they had absconded to make merry in honor of the time， I had told them that I should not return until the morning，and had given them explicit orders not to stir from the house． • These orders were sufficient，I well knew，to insure their immediate disappearance，one and all，as soon as my back was turned.
• your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We will go back; you will be ill and I cannot be responsible. Besides, there is Luchesi" …
• 弗图纳多为周围死去的人喝酒，而蒙特利 瑟则说为了 “你” 的健康长寿。这里充 满了浓厚的讽刺意味。他真正的意思是这 死去的人中马上就会包括你了。
• • • •
最后一杯是“De Grave” 酒， grave 在英语中本身的意思就是“坟墓” ， 他在暗示弗图纳多的最终结果 — — 那就是死亡。
• 蒙特利瑟的家族箴言 • “Nemome impune laccesit” • (辱我者，必受罚)。
• • • •
“In pace requiescat!” 愿你安息吧! 整个故事到这里嘎然而止。 浓厚的讽刺突出了蒙特利瑟内心的阴暗。
二.艺术特征
• 叙述者采用第一人称，读者和他一起经历 了谋杀的心理历程和变态的放纵，使全文 的恐怖效果得以强化。 • 短小精悍，结构紧凑。 • 二千五百个单词，句句是精要。
突现了他的仇恨是很深的，并且 他似乎已到了咬牙切齿的地步，所以这个仇 是一定要报的，只是一个时间问题而已。
• • • • •
三思而后行： I must not only punish but punish with impunity（免罚）． A wrong is unredressed （未昭雪的，未纠正的） when retribution（惩罚，报应） overtakes its redresser． It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong．
• 时间： • 在一个狂欢节的黄昏（carnival season） • 蒙特利瑟 “偶遇”对手弗图纳多。
• 疯狂兴奋已经使骄傲自负的弗图纳多昏了头: He accosted me with excessive warmth， for he had been drinking much．
I have received a pipe of what passes for Amontillado, and I have my doubts." "I have my doubts," I replied; 故装品酒学问低下 Amontillado!" "I have my doubts." "Amontillado!" 故意以另一个鉴酒师卢克雷西的名字来刺激福图纳托的 "And I must satisfy them." 虚荣心,这时福图纳托已经是忘乎所以,走入陷阱. "Amontillado!“ As you are engaged, I am on my way to Lu’chesi.
故作卑微，处处奉承：你的健康是宝贵的。因为你
非常富有 ,受人尊敬和爱戴;你是个快乐的人 ,像 我曾经一样。你会被人们想念 ,对我来说是没关系 的。我们还是回去吧 ,你会生病的 ,我可不能负责。
• 在行进的途中，他们不停地喝酒: • “I think” ，he said ，“to the buried that people around us”----And I to your long life．
• 2.人物服饰对比 • 福图纳托：“扮成小丑,身穿杂色条纹紧身 衣,头戴圆尖帽,上面系着铃铛”。有些感冒 却穿得少,在寒冷潮湿的地窖中不断咳嗽,显 然他对这次“品酒”没有多少戒心。 • 蒙特雷塞：“戴上黑绸面具,把短披风紧紧 裹住身子“。厚厚的衣服足以御寒，显然是 有备而来，而黑绸面具代表了死神,这是生 与死的鲜明对比。
哥特式小说
“ 哥特式”（‘gothic）这个词在英语里有多种含义。它 既是一个文学词汇，又是一个历史术语，还可以用作建筑 和艺术方面的专门用语。
属于英语文学派别，起源于18世纪后期的英国，是西方 通俗文学中惊险神秘小说的一种，可以说是恐怖电影的鼻 祖。
显著的哥特小说元素包括恐怖，神秘，超自然，厄运， 死亡，颓废，住着幽灵的老房子，癫狂，家族诅咒等。
“是的，是的，”我说，“是的，是的。” “你？不见得吧！你是？” “我是，”我答。 “暗号呢，”他说，“暗号呢？” “就是这个，”我边说边从短披风的褶裥下拿出把泥刀。 “你开玩笑呐，”他倒退几步，喊着说。“咱们还是往前去看白葡萄 酒吧。”
• We passed through a rang of low arches，descended， passed on，and descending again， arrived at a deep crypt，in which the foulness of the air caused our flambeaux rather to glow than flame．
欲擒故纵
• My friend，no． It is not the engagement， but the severe cold with which I perceive you are afflicted．
• How long have you had that cough?
在进入地下墓穴的途中，因为潮湿的环境， 弗图纳多不停地咳嗽，为转移他的注意力， 蒙特利瑟又假装关心
Mason：Βιβλιοθήκη • • • • • • • • • • • • • 我吃惊的看着他。他又做了那个手势——一个希奇古怪的手势。 “你不懂？”他说。 “我不懂。”我答。 “那你就不是同道。” “怎的？” “你不是泥瓦工。
(原文是mason，在英文中意思是泥瓦工或者共济会会员。共济会发源 与中古时代，最初系泥瓦工工会的一种秘密团体，以互相帮助为宗旨， 相遇时以暗号联系。）”
• • • • • •
越往前走，地窖也就越阴暗，空气也越稀薄， 这对于呼吸受阻的弗图纳多来说也就越危险。在这里， 火把由原来的“flame” ( 熊熊燃烧的火焰) 变成了 “glow” (微弱的火点)，一方面强调了地窖阴冷潮湿， 空气稀薄，环境恶劣的程度; 另一方面也象征着弗图 纳多的生命正在走向终点。
一.情节赏析
• Main characters： • Mentresor蒙特利瑟 VS Fortunato弗图纳多 • Key words：报仇、恐怖、死亡
• Questions： • 1.谁对谁报仇？为什么报仇？怎么报？ • • 2.故事到底如何恐怖？ • 3.谁死了，怎么死的？
The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge.…… At length, I would be avenged…
三.拓展思考
• 1.名字的含义 • "仇人"福图纳托(Fortunato)的名字与英文中 "fortunate"发音相似,意为"幸运 ",他代表新兴 资产阶级,在生意场上很成功,但是在一生的幸运 之后,他却遭受了人生最大的不幸:被活埋; • 而"复仇者"蒙特雷塞(Montresors)与英文中的 "monstrous"发音相似,意为"魔鬼",他是一个没落 的贵族,福图纳托的快乐对于他来说是一种伤害, 但不幸运的他却将幸运的福图纳托封死在地窖里, 从而扮演了"魔鬼"的角色.