人教版英语选修七第一单元语法：动词不定式(共35张PPT)

something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
to send Do you have anything _________(send) ?
to say I have nothing _________(say) .
不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有 主谓、同位、动宾 三种关系：
2)他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。 • He made a face and made us laugh.
作宾补的不定式不带to: • 使役动词make, have, let; • 感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等
被动态 He made a face and we were made to laugh __________________.
3. 不定式作宾语 (Object)
• I decided to ask for my money back. • 我觉得他不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。 • I feel it impossible for him to finish the job in such a short time. 形式宾语 ： • It 作________
P.S：若不定式是vi., 不定式后介词不可省。
to live (live). • He had place ________ P.S：不定式所修饰的名词若是time, place或 way，其的介词习惯上省去。
5. 不定式作定语 (Attribute)
• 她总是第一个到最后一个离开。 • She is always the first to come and the last to leave. P.S：当名词被the first ,the last, the only等 序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定 式作定语。 to be held (hold) tomorrow is • The meeting _________ important. P.S：不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。
注意：二、不定式to的省略
1. 如果主语部分有do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。 • 你要做的就是快点完成任务。 • All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.
2. 感官动词、使役动词后作宾补时, 省去to； 但在被动语态中to还原。 • 他们看到男孩从树上跌了下来。 They saw the boy fall from the tree. = The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
1. 不定式作主语 (subject)
• • • • To finish this report took him a week. 眼见为实。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. for humans to fly like a bird It’s impossible _____ now. of you to greet everyone. It’s polite ____ P.S: 单数 。 单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用______ 不定式作主、宾、表通常表示具体的、一次性的、 特定的行为。 若不定式太长，多用it作形式主语 ________,不定式置后。
P.S. 若上述结构变为被动语态, to要还原。
1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the
tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.
2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.
表语(Predicative) 、
宾补(Object Complement) 、
定语(Attribute)、
与疑问词等连用 P.S:
状语(Adverbial) 、
做独立成分(Independent component)
• 不定式可有自己的逻辑主语,即for sb. to do sth.
谓语 • 动词不定式不能作_____
M7U1 Living well
Grammar
动词不定式(Infinitive) not/never to do • 由 “ to + do ” 构成, 否定形式 _______________ • Functions of Infinitive:
• 主语(Subject)、
宾语(Object)、
注意：一、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
1) Do you have anything else ______ to say (say)? be typed 2) Boss, do you have anything to _______ (type)? 3) With much homework _____ to do (do), I can’t go to play football with you. to answer 4) The question is very difficult _________(answer). to deal with 5) The problem is easy ___________(deal with). 主语＋be +adj. +to do adj. : difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome, interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important…... 6) The river water is warm enough to swim in. 7) The ice is too thin to skate on. • too… to do, …enough to do
动词不定式的时态和语态
形 式
一般式 进行式
主 动
to do to be doing
被 动
to be done to have been done
完成式 完成进 行式
to have done to have been doing
(1) They pretended not to see us. (2) He pretended to be sleeping.
• • • • 1) 目的状语 (to do, in order to, so as to do) I stayed there to see what would happen. He spoke loudly in order to be heard. 2) 结果状语 (too…to do, so/ such… as to do) He lay in the bed only to _______ find his feet exposed. He got there only ________ to find (find) the train gone. 3) 原因状语 (be + adj. + to do ) sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel… We were very excited to hear the news. I have to say goodbye now. I’m happy to meet you.
不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。)
to be invited(invite) to • It is an honor for me __________ attend the meeting. to be repaired (repair) at • He wants the house ____________ once.
动宾 关系 (1) ______ I have a lot of work to do.
主谓 关系 (2) ______ He is always the first to come. 同位 关系 (3) ______ We all have a chance to go to college.
6. 不定式作状语 (Adverbial)
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)
(3) She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)
(4) We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,
7. 不定式作独立结构 (Absolute construction)
To be honest (老实说), I am not happy at the ____________ moment.
• to be frank to be honest to tell the truth • to bo make a long story short
• • • •
•
2. 不定式作表语 (Predicative)
• What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. • To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 不定式 P.S:主语为不定式，表语也需为_______. • 我的工作是要帮助病人。 • My job is to help the patients. • 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain 等后作表语． • The only thing to do now is (to) go on. • What I’ll do is (to) tell her the truth. • All he did just now was (to) complete the form. P.S:当主语含有______________ do 的某种形式，作表语的不定式可省 略____. to