21世纪工程硕士研究生英语1-6cloze

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The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change was a groundbreaker when it was first published in 1990, and it continues to be a business bestseller with more than 10 million copies sold. Stephen Covey, an internationally respected leadership authority, realizes that true success encompasses a balance of personal and professional effectiveness, so this book is a manual for performing better in both arenas. His anecdotes are as frequently from family situations as from business challenges.

Before you can adopt the seven habits, you ll need to accomplish what Covey calls a "paradigm shift"--a change in perception and interpretation of how the world works. Covey takes you through this change, which affects how you perceive and act regarding productivity, time management, positive thinking, developing your "proactive muscles" (acting with initiative rather than reacting), and much more.

This isn t a quick-tips-start-tomorrow kind of book. The concepts are sometimes intricate, and you ll want to study this book, not skim it. When you finish, you ll probably have Post-it notes or hand-written annotations in every chapter, and you ll feel like you ve taken a powerful seminar by Covey

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Malleahiliiy(可变性)of Intelligence

Historically intelligence has been regarded as a fixed trait; some- thing that we are born with based entirely upon our genes.It was believed that intelligence was based entirely upon our genes.However, this viewpoint has recently come under much discussion, with some researchers now believing that intelligence has little genetic basis---if any. Most researchers take an intermediate stance(姿态).

Various techniques have been Used to assess the genetic nature of intelligence.

Qccasionally identical twins are separated at birth. If the twins are raised apart, then they have experienced different environments, and the only thing they have in common is their identical genetic make-up. Therefore, the correlation between their performances on intelligence tests can be a reasonably accurate estimate of the role of genetics in intelligence.

Studies have consistently shown that genetics account for approximately half of the variation in test score. However, estimates of the heritability of intelligence vary among ethnic and racial groups, as well as across single groups.

Another issue that has arisen is about the possibility of overall increases in intelligence. New Zealand researcher James Flynn has shown that scores on intelligence tests have been significantly rising throughput the world instead of remaining steady. So far this increase has not been adequately explained, and countless factors