21世纪工程硕士研究生英语1-6cloze

1The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change was a groundbreaker when it was first published in 1990, and it continues to be a business bestseller with more than 10 million copies sold. Stephen Covey, an internationally respected leadership authority, realizes that true success encompasses a balance of personal and professional effectiveness, so this book is a manual for performing better in both arenas. His anecdotes are as frequently from family situations as from business challenges.Before you can adopt the seven habits, you ll need to accomplish what Covey calls a "paradigm shift"--a change in perception and interpretation of how the world works. Covey takes you through this change, which affects how you perceive and act regarding productivity, time management, positive thinking, developing your "proactive muscles" (acting with initiative rather than reacting), and much more.This isn t a quick-tips-start-tomorrow kind of book. The concepts are sometimes intricate, and you ll want to study this book, not skim it. When you finish, you ll probably have Post-it notes or hand-written annotations in every chapter, and you ll feel like you ve taken a powerful seminar by Covey2Malleahiliiy(可变性)of IntelligenceHistorically intelligence has been regarded as a fixed trait; some- thing that we are born with based entirely upon our genes.It was believed that intelligence was based entirely upon our genes.However, this viewpoint has recently come under much discussion, with some researchers now believing that intelligence has little genetic basis---if any. Most researchers take an intermediate stance(姿态).Various techniques have been Used to assess the genetic nature of intelligence.Qccasionally identical twins are separated at birth. If the twins are raised apart, then they have experienced different environments, and the only thing they have in common is their identical genetic make-up. Therefore, the correlation between their performances on intelligence tests can be a reasonably accurate estimate of the role of genetics in intelligence.Studies have consistently shown that genetics account for approximately half of the variation in test score. However, estimates of the heritability of intelligence vary among ethnic and racial groups, as well as across single groups.Another issue that has arisen is about the possibility of overall increases in intelligence. New Zealand researcher James Flynn has shown that scores on intelligence tests have been significantly rising throughput the world instead of remaining steady. So far this increase has not been adequately explained, and countless factorsare being investigated as possibly _contributingto this phenomenon.Whatever the role of genetics in intelligence, some aspects of it are still malleable(可变的)·Heritability itself can be_modified__，through better living conditions and increased stimulation. Intelligence is not fixed like our genetic makeup, but can change during our lifetime.The main trend for psychologists is to try to determine not how to improve our intelligence, but__instead how to optimize it.3"Globalization is a reality and not a choice.”The steady transitions from the usage of the telephone, radio systems, and the television，to computers, the Internet, cable TV，and cellular phones has drastically changed the ways and lifestyles of many countries all over the world. The more goods that travel to places other than where they weree produced the more ideas travel from place to place. The more people that move from one place to another, the more various cultures will begin to alterand form new styles of living.Examples show how some countries are becoming_westernized and how the United States has accommodated some of their American-oriented businesses. over 20% of the world's population speaks English. In India. there are some McDon ald’s restaurants that serve mutton in the place of beef to accommodate the meals of the Hindu. These examples Prove that the more a country becomes involved with other countries. and share their different aspects and way of life, the more both coun- tries will adapt and adhere to each other's ways.In conclusion, globalization is becoming a way of life. The more knowledge that is passed and exchanged between two better oft loath countries will tie. However, the mare you countries, the share another country's way of living, the greater the Chance for both countries to change their perception and how they live. Sharing and exchanging views on how we live to other countries is what binds . people of the world together. As the philosopher Isaiah Berlin stated, it is not always about agreeing with each other but more importantly, to Understand each other. The more you understand the cultural ways of other countries, the better the bond you have with that country. Globalization is notprimarily intended to change the cultural ways of how a country functions.instead，it shows new ideas that a country might be interested in looking into to make better their own way of life.4New Depdrimenl or. Rew Cnmpany?If you're satisfied with your employer but not with your present jab,you can decide whether there are other better opportunities within the company available to you. Ta find out, check with your human resources department，where, in most large companies, job openings will be posted Companies usually will hire and promote_ from within before advertising a position to the public.. If you'd like to make an internal move，make sure youknow your cnmpany's policy for job changes. Far example, find out the amount of time you may be required to work in one area before you can switch to another, ask about any educational or training prerequisites for advancing and deter- mine if you must get approval from your managerIf staying in the same company isn't a(n) option，will you look for a position in the same field or a different one? will you handle your job search on your own or seek professional assistance?Perhaps you have the experience，want to start your own businsss. If the determination and to start you and run your own Business, ,find and consult qualified professionals--real estate agents, lawyers accountants, public relations experts and consultants--to help you make the lest decisions. Contact your local Chamber of Commerce and 5mail Bcsiness Administration(SBA) for assistance.5From the beginning, civilization---as well as people's daily lives- has been structured in large part around the concept of work. But now，for the first time in history. human labor is being systematically eliminated from the economic process. In the coming century, employ-meet. as we have come to know it. is likely to be phased out(逐步停止使用)in most of the industrialized nations of the world. A new generation of sophisticated information and communication technologies is being introduced into a wide variety of work situations. These machines. together with new forms of business reorganization and management, are forcing millions of blue- and white-collar workers into temporary jobs and unem- ploynlent lines --or, worse, breadlines(等候领救济食物的人).Qur corporate leaders, economists, and politicians tell us that the rising unemployment figures represent only short-term"adjustments”that will be taken care of as the global economy advances into the information Age. But millions of working people remain skeptical. In the United States alone, corporations are eliminating mare than 2 million jobs annually .Although some new jobs are being_created_in the economy、they are for the most part in the low-paying_sectors，and many are only temp jabs or part-time positions-The global ecpnpmy is undergoing a fundamental transformation，n the nature of work brought on by the new technplpgies of the Information Age revolution. These profound technological and economic changes willI force every country to rethink long-held assumptions about the nature of politics and citizenship. 6What does sustainable development really means? One of the grea-test chanllenges in understanding sustainataility is capturing its richness, and integration. In 1987，the Brundtland Commission breadth, defined it as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising afJility of future generations to meet their own needs.”Many of the issues areglobal一from climate change and biodiversity，to human rights, world peace, and international_security一and no one country can_realize sustainable develppment on its own .Recognizing that sustainability is global，the nations of the world came together in Riode Janeiro in 1992 for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)一Together, they developed a bold new agenda for the 2lst Century, known as Agenda 21，and agreed to take concrete steps to implement it within their own borders and worldwide.In the United States, President Clinton responded to Agenda 2I by appointing the President’s Council on Sustainable Development〔PCSD). 0he Council set forth a new vision for the nation:"Qur vision is of a life- sustaining Earth一We are committed_to the achievement of a dignified, peaceful. and equitable(公平合理的)existence. A sustainable United States will have a growing economy that provides equitafole opportunities for satisfying livelihoods and a safe, healthy, high quality of life for current and future generations. Qur nation wiH protect its environment,its natural resource base and the functions and viability (生存〕of natural systems on whrch all life depends.”This is a vision of economic prosperity，a healthy environment, and a just and equitable society. If we can make sestained progress in all these areas, both at home and abroad，then we will leave the world in at least as good a state as the one we inherited.。