李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总(段落与篇章的布局和重组)【圣才出品】

李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》第2版翻译示例汇总

第14章段落与篇章的布局和重组

14.2调整或增加段落主题句

1.社会保障制度的建立和发展，与社会发展阶段和经济发展水平相适应。(既提出问题，又是论点)世界各国的社会保障制度，都不是凭空建立起来的，立法所确定的社会保障对象、社会保障项目、社会保障待遇水平，无一不受到本国社会经济发展阶段和经济发展水平的制约与影响。各国的社会保障制度都随着本国经济的发展，呈现出社会保障对象的范围由窄到宽、社会保障项目由少到多、社会保障标准由低到高的共同特点。例如，德国于1883年建立社会保障制度时，其保障对象仅为工商业和手工业工人，直到1957年，农业工人才被纳入社会保障的范围。美国从1935年公布《社会保障法》以后，到1950年通过立法确定了养老保险待遇标准；从1950年到1998年，根据美国的社会经济发展水平，此标准先后被修改了32次，养老保险待遇水平不断提高。

【译文】Second,social security systems are established and developed to align with the country level of socioeconomic development.(既提出问题，又是论点)No country has built its social security institutions in a vacuum.Programs,eligibility,and benefits as provided by legislation are defined and influenced by the social and economic realities of each country.The general paRern is that,as the economy grows,the size of beneficiaries will be expanded,new programs added,and benefits increased.For example,when Germany first set up a social security system in1883.the system covered only workers in the industrial,commercial,and

handicrafts sectors.It was not until1957that agricultural workers were included in the system.The United States introduced its Social Security Act in1935,but it was not until1950that old age pension benefits were established by law.Between1950 and1998,benefit levels were amended32times in accordance with the country’s state of socioeconomic development,and benefits continued to increase.

2.应当指出，近些年来，西方经济发达国家对社会保障制度的调整，是在原有的较高社会福利待遇基础上进行的。由于高福利国家社会福利支出过大，开始出现福利危机被迫进行调整，主要是降低社会福利待遇水平，削减福利支出，减少国家在社会保障方面的负担，增加劳动者在社会保障资金筹集方面的责任。(提出问题)美国前总统里根和英国前首相撒切尔夫人采取的调整措施被认为是搞“缺少人情味的市场经济”，而产生社会公众对执政党的信任危机；法国前总理朱佩因要对社会福利待遇做大手术而承受了全国铁路瘫痪和工人大罢工的震荡。这些事实给我们以醒示：社会保障的水平必须与经济发展水平相适应，不能规定得过高，否则，会给以后的调整带来阻力；调整社会保障待遇标准涉及到每个社会成员的切身利益，必须持慎之又慎的态度(论点)。

【译文】It should be noted that social security reforms in western economically developed countries have been designed primarily to reduce expenditure,which were at very high levels.These countries were forced into reforms due to an emerging welfare crisis caused by heavy spending.They reform primarily to cut back social security spending to reduce the burden on the state,and to give employees greater responsibility in funding the system.(提出问题)Social security reforms implemented by President Reagan in the US and Prime Minister Thatcher in

the UK were criticized as heartless market economy measures,and in both cases, fueled a public confidence crisis in the ruling parties.When France’s prime minister Allan Jupe sought to perform major surgery on that country’s existing social welfare system,he triggered nationwide strikes and paralysis in the national railway system.These lessons point to the fact that the level of social security in a country must match that country’s level of economic development.If the level of social security is too high,later attempts to adjust downward will trigger resistance.Since the interests of every member of society are directly affected by social security reforms,utmost prudence is required(论点).

【解析】虽然在例1中第一句既提出问题，又是论点，例2中提出问题在前，段落的论点在讨论部分最后，但它们的篇章架构与英语相同，所以翻译时不需要调整。

3.其中《打工妹》杂志目前还是《农家女》杂志的增刊，基本的经费靠福特基金会的资助。但是该杂志副主编、“农家女文化发展中心”副秘书长李涛先生认为，办一本严肃的为打工妹服务的杂志是一件不易的事情，如果两年后她能够自立，全靠她独树一帜的办刊理念和质量，以及多元化的社会资源的支持，其中，读者的是支持的重要来源，每一个《打工妹》杂志的读者都是“打工妹之家”的天然会员。这对于办刊的理念和形式，可能是一个突破。【原译】The Journal was still a supplement to RWKA,and was mainly funded by the Ford Foundation.But Mr.Li Tao,deputy chief editor of the Journal and deputy secretary-general of the Center,says it was no easy task to run a serious journal that serves migrant women.If it was able to fund itself in two years,that can only be attributed to its unique philosophy,its quality and the support from various