美国宪法论文

The Constitution for the United States
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
The United States Constitution was written in 1787 during the Philadelphia Convention.It is the supreme law of the United States.Since the Constitution came into force in 1789,it has been amended twenty-seven times.Structurally,the Constitution's original text and all prior amendments remain untouched.
The Constitution enjoys the supremacy of laws in the United States that claims to uphold the rule of laws.The legitimacy of the Constitution and the country have played a role in basic construction.
Is this supreme law of laws by the people,of the people,and for the people.The answer is yes.Why?Because it is the guarantee of people's rights.The foundation of the United States is Constitution.It can protect people from unfairness in laws to achieve the people's democracy.Every one in the United States will obey the Constitution.For example,if one of the governments is powerful and rich and he restricts many citizens'rights.,however, there is no Constitution to restrict and punish him because he knows many officers who can handle this problem easily.You are one of the sufferers and what will you do? you are just an ordinary person. OK,now there is a Constitution.As is well known,the most significant feature of the United States is checks and balances.What is checks and balances?Checks the balances is a system set forth in the United States Constitution which divides governing power between the Executive,Legislative,and the Judicial Branches.In simple terms,that is separation of the three powers.But we must do so with an abiding confidence in the rule of law and due process:in checks and balances and accountability.The Eleventh Amendment specifically prohibits federal courts from hearing cases in which a state is sued by an individual from another state or another country,thus extending to the states sovereign immunity protection from certain types of legal pared with the core of Constitution of China,the core of the United States Constitution is to guarantee the basic rights of citizens and restrict the power of governments.The Constitution,originally comprising seven articles,delineates the national frame of government.Its first three articles entrench the doctrine of the separation of powers,whereby the federal government is divided into three branches :the legislative,consisting of the bicameral Congress;the executive,consisting of the President;and the judicial,consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts.The Constitution is made by the original 13 states in the United States.They are New Hampshire,Massachusetts,Rhode Island,Connecticut,New York State,New Jersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,North Carolina,South Carolina and Georgia.
Since the ratification of the Constitution by the original 13 states, the United States has grown to encompass 50 states,verying widely in popution and geographic size.However,the black people were prejudiced,unrepresented and under-represented at the Constitution convention.It is a bare racial discrimination!The blacks exists as a minor race,but their contribution to the developmentof the United States can not be devaluated.Although they are minor race,their population takes up 12% of the whole population of the United States.It is unfair that they are deprived political rights for life.The equal rights amendment would have prohibited deprivation of equality of rights by the federal or state governments on account of sex.A seven-year ratification time limit was initially placed on the amendment,but as the deadline approached,Congress granted an extension.Thirty-five states had ratified the amendment,three short of the number required for it to be implemented,prior to the original deadline and none didi so during the extension period,thus the amendment failed to be adopted.As is well known the blacks have made great contributions in the economy of the United States.Besides their significance in the development of the American economy,their roles in the urbanization can not be neglected,either.Racism originated from the United States Constitution,which legalized black slavery in the South and revealed prejudice against African American immigrants.Why racism?Maybe the first factor we should talk about is culture.As we all know,black people were brought to the United States in the 18th century as slaves,and their posterity kept on very low.People treated them as horses and cattle.At that time,it was impossible for the black people to develop and spread their culture.It seemed that they didn't have culture.Very few black people were educated,if there was any,it must be that some very open-minded slave-owners taught his favorite salves common knowledge,which could only used in the daily life.Then another factor is politics comes.The low social state decides that there is no real fair law for black people.The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude,except as punishment for a crime,and authorized Congress to enforce abolition through legislation.Though three to four million slaves had been declared free by President Abraham Lincoln's1863 Emancipation Proclamation,their post Civil War status was unclear,as was the status of millions of other slaves nationwide.