有机化学术语(中英文对照)资料

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有机化学术语(中英文对照)资料

有机化学术语(中英文对照)资料

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxyl group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体,对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基,游离基 free radical卡宾,碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用,请勿它用!</HTML>。

有机化学专业术语中英对照大全

有机化学专业术语中英对照大全

Angular methyl group角甲基Alkylidene group亚烷基Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型[的]Aryl group芳基Activating group活化基团Auxochrome助色团Acyl cation酰[基]正离子Arenirm ion芳[基]正离子Aci form酸式Asymmetric atom不对称原子Asymmetric carbon不对称碳Absolute configuration绝对构型Achiral非手性[的]Anomer端基[差向]异构体Anti conformation反式构象Anti periplanar conformation反叠构象Atropismer阻转异构体Axial bond直[立]键Aromaticity芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隅Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon交替烃Antarafacial reaction异面反应Ambident两可[的]Acid-base catalyxed reaction酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Anomeric effect端基异构效应Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香亲核取代Anti-Markovnikov addition反马氏加成Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除机理Apofacial reaction反面反应Aryl action芳正离子Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Anionic cleavage负离子裂解Alkylation烷基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Amination氨基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Allylic halogenation烯丙型卤化Additive dimerization加成二聚Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage酰基裂解Alcoholysis醇解Aminomethylation氨甲基化Aldol condensation羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation偶姻缩合Annulation,annelation增环反应Autoxidation自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation烯丙型氢过氧化Aromatization芳构化Abstraction夺取[反应] Aminomercuration氨汞化Allylic migration烯丙型重排Allylic migration烯丙型迁移Acyl rearrangement酰基重排Anionotropy负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement负离子转移重排Aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物Alkane烷Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Active hydrogen compounds活泼氢化合物Allene丙二烯Alkyl halide卤代烷Alcohol醇Amine胺Amine oxide氧化胺Aldehyde醛Aldehyde hydrate醛水合物Acetal缩醛Aminal缩醛胺Aldimine醛亚胺Aldimine醛肟Azine嗪Acyl halide酰卤Acyl fluoride酰氟Acyl chloride酰氯Acyl rtomide酰溴Acyl iodide酰碘Acyl tosylate酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acyl peroxide酰基过氧化物Amide酰胺Acyl azide酰叠氮Amidine脒Acyl cyanide酰腈Allophanate脲基甲酸酯Amino acid氨基酸Aldol羟醛Acyloin偶姻Aldose醛糖Aglycon苷元Alditol糖醇Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aromatic compound稠环化合物Arene芳香化合物Alkylbenzene芳烃Aiaryl联苄Acene并苯Aryne芳炔Annulene烨烯Azulene?Alkaloid生物碱Azoxy compound氧化偶氮化合物Azlactone二氢?唑酮Azepine氮杂?Arsine胂Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Azo cimpound偶氮化物Benzyl group苄基Benzylic苄型[的]Bridged-ring system桥环体系Benzylic cation苄[基]正离子Bisecting conformation等分构象Boat conformation船型构象Banana bond香蕉键Basic solvent碱性溶剂B strain后张力Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution双分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination双分子消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group双分子羰基形成消除Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Borderline mechanism边理机理Backside attack背面进攻Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Benzyne苯炔Bredt rule布雷特规则Bisamination双氨基化Bimolecular reduction双分子还原Benzilic rearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Betaine甜菜碱Bibenzyl烷基苯Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl联苯Benzvalene盆苯Barrelene桶烯Benzoin苯偶姻Benzil偶苯酰Chromophore生色团Common ring普通环Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Configuration构型Chirality手性Chiral手性[的]Chiral center手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Conformational inversion构象反转Chair conformation椅型构象Cisoid conformation顺向构象Conformer构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Cram’s rube克拉姆规则Conformational transmission构象传递Cross conjugation交叉共轭Conrotatory顺旋Cycloaddition环加成Coordinate-covalent bond配位共价键Conjugate base共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Counrer[gegen]ion反荷离子Carbocation碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Carbine碳炔C- alkylation C-烷基化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Cine substitution移位取代Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Coupling reaction偶联反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉偶联反应Conjugate addition共轭加成carbonylation羧基化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Chiletropic reaction螯键反应Chelation螯环化Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Condensation缩合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩合Cyclization环化Catalytic hydrogenation催化氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation催化脱氢Cationotropic rearrangement正离子转移重排Carbon acid碳氢酸Ccumulene累积多烯Cellosolve溶纤剂Crown ether冠醚Cyanohydrin羟腈Carboxylic acid羧酸Carbobenzoxy chloride苄氧甲酰氯Carbon suboxide二氧化三碳Carbammic acid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯Cyanamide氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亚胺Carbohydrate碳水化合物Cycloalkene环烷Cage compound 螺烷Catenane轮烷cyclophane环芳Chalcone查耳酮Chloroborane氯硼烷carotene胡萝卜素Charge-transfer spectrum电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent化学位移试剂Circularly polarized light圆偏振光Cotton effect卡滕效应Chiron,chiral building block手性子Chiral induction手性诱导Chiral reagent手性试剂Chiral catalyst手性催化剂Chiral solvent手性溶剂Chiral auxiliary [reagent]手性助剂Convergent synthesis汇集合成Diastereotopic非对映异位[的]D-L system of nomenclatureD-L命名体系Diastereomer非对映[异构]体Delocalezed bond离域键Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁环电流Disroatatory对旋Dielectric constant介电常数Diaxial addition双直键加成Deactivating group钝化基团Demethylation脱甲基化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Decarboxylative nitration脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer重氮基转移Diazonium coupling重氮偶联Dimerization二聚Decarbonylation脱羰Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Dipolar addition 偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Double bond migration 双键移位Diene 双烯Diyne 二炔Diazoalkane 重氮烷Detone 酮Dithiane 二噻烷Dewar benzene 杜瓦苯 Diazo compound 重氮化合物 Diazohydroxide 重氮氢氧化物 Diketopiperazine 哌嗪二酮 Diazine 二嗪 Diterpene 二萜 Diasteromeric excess,de 非对映体过量 Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Enantiomer 对映[异构]体 Epimer 差向异构体 Erythro configuration 赤型构型 Erythro isomer 赤型异构体 E isomerE 异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Electrical effect 电场效应Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex电子给[体]受体络合物Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Electrophilic addition 亲电加成 Electrophile 亲电体 Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代 Electron transfer 电子转移 Electron-donating group 给电子基团 Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团 Electrofuge 离电体 Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化 Ethylation 乙基化 Endo addition 内型加成 Exo addition 外型加成 Ene synthesis 单烯合成 - elimination-消除 Elimination-addition 消除-加成 Esterification 酯化 Ethanolysis 乙醇解 Enolization 烯醇化 Epoxidation 环氧化 Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化 Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原 Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排 Enyne 烯炔 Ether 醚 Epoxide 环氧化物 Enol 烯醇 Enol ether 烯醇醚 Enol ester 烯醇酯 Ester 酯 Enantiomeric excess,ee 对映体过量 Fluxional structure 循变结构Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式 Field effect 场效应 F strain 前张力 Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂 Fragmentation 碎裂 Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁 Fluorene 芴 fulvene 富烯 Furan 呋喃 Flavone 黄酮 Ferocene 二?铁 Formal synthesis 中继合成 Gauche conformation, skew con-formation邻位交叉构象Guest客体Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol二醇Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡[萄]糖苷Grignard reagent格氏试剂Helical molecule螺旋型分子Homotopic等位[的]Heterotopic异位[的]Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Homolog同系物Hyperconjugation超共轭Huckel’rule休克尔规则Homoaromaticity同芳香性Host主体Hammond postulate哈蒙德假说Homochiral纯手性[的]Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism异裂机理Hofmann’s rule霍夫曼规则Hydroxylation羟基化Hydroboration硼氢化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization同系化Hydroxymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Haloform reaction卤仿反应Heterogeneous hydrogenation多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation均相氢化Hydrogenolysis氢解Hydrometallation氢金属化Homosigmatropic rearrangement同迁移重排Hpdrocarbon碳氢化合物Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Hydrazone腙Hydrazide酰肼Hydantion乙内酰脲Helicene螺旋烃Hydrazo compound氢化偶氮化物Hydroquinone氢醌Heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Isomerism异构[现象]Ipso position本位Isovalent hyperconjugation等价超共轭Inductive effect诱导效应Imine-enamine atutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Inverse isotope effect逆同位素效应Intermediate 中间体I strain内张力Isoinversion等反转Isoracemization等消旋Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子内亲核取代Ion pair 离子对Internal return内返Inversion反转Insertion插入imine亚胺Isonitrile 异腈Imide二酰亚胺Indene茚Imidazole咪唑Isoquinoline异喹啉Isoflavone异黄酮Large ring大环Laevo isomer左旋异构体Leois structure路易斯结构Linear free energy线性自由能Large angle strain大角张力Leaving group离去基团Lithiation锂化Lactone内酯Lactol内半缩醛Lactam内酰胺Lipid 类脂Linear synthesis线性合成Magnetically anisotropic group磁各向异性基团Medium rimg中环Mirror symmetry镜面对称Meso compound内消旋化合物Meta position间位Para position对位Molecular orbiral method分子轨道法Mesomeric effect中介效应Mobius system默比乌斯体系Mechanism机理Masked carbanion掩蔽碳负离子Markovnikov’s rube马尔科夫尼科规则Michael addition迈克尔加成Meta directing group间位定位基Mitallation金属化Mercuration汞化Migratory aptitude迁移倾向Migration迁移Mercaptan硫醇Macrolide大环内酯Monoterpene单萜Neoman projection纽曼投影式No-bond resonance无键共振Non-alternant hydrocarbon非交替烷Non-bonded interaction非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation非经典碳正离子Nitrene氮宾Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Nucleophilicity亲核体Nucleofuge离核体Neighboring group participation邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助作用Neighboring group effect邻基效应N-alkylationN-烷基化Nitration硝化Netro compound 硝基化合物Nitrile腈Nitrile oxide氧化腈N-bromo compound N-溴化物Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德Octahedral compound八面体化合物Optical activity光学活性Quasi recemate准外消旋体Ortho position邻位Orinentation取向Ortho-para directing group邻对位定位基Ortho effect邻位效应O- alkylationO-烷基化Oxyamination羟氨基化Oxo process羰基合成Oxonolysis臭氧解Oxidative decarboxylation氧化脱羧Oxymercuration羟汞化Oxime肟Oxime亚硝基化合物orthoester原酸酯Oligosaccharide寡糖Osazone脎Oxazine?嗪Organometallic有机金属化合物Optical purity光学纯度Optical induction光学诱导Spiroannulation螺增环Prototropic rearrangement质了转移重排Pinacol rearrangement频哪醇重排Prototropy质子转移Photosensitization光敏化photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光异构化Photochemical rearrangement光化学重排Paraffin wax石蜡Peracid过酸Perester过酸酯Peptide肽Pyranose吡喃糖Polysaccharide多糖Propellane笼型化合物Pyrrole吡咯Pyrazole吡唑Porphyrin卟啉Pyridene吡啶Piperidine哌啶Phosphine膦Phosphonium salt?盐Phosphorus ylide磷叶立德Phospholipid磷脂Pheromone信息素Phytohormone植物激素Polarized light偏振光Partial synthesis部分合成Protecting group保护基Phenyl group 苯基Quinhydrone醌Quinhydrone醌氢醌Quinoline喹啉Radical ion自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion自由基负离子R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S命名体系Racemic mixture外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution外消旋固体溶液Rotamer旋转异构体Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Restricted rotation阻碍旋转Racemization外消旋化Ring clsure环合Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛缩合Reductive alkylation还原烷基化Reductive acylation还原酰化Reductive dimerization还原二聚Rearrangement重排Ring contraction环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环[反应] Rotazane螺桨烷Rused ring索烃Retrosynthesis逆合成Relay synthesis接替合成Spiro compound螺环化合物Stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomerism立体异构[现象] Symmetry factor对称因素Si faceSi面Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation反错构象Synclinal conformation顺错构象Staggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Stereochemical orientation立体[化学]取向Symmetry forbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Solvent effect溶剂效应Solvated electron溶剂化电子Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效应Substrate底物Small-angle strain小角张力Substitution取代Silylation硅烷[基]化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Sulfonation磺化Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Saponification皂化Single electron transfer单电子转移Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇重排Sigmatropic rearrangement-迁移重排Super acid超酸Sulfonic acid磺酸Sulfoxide亚砜Sulfone砜Semicarbazone缩氯基脲Saccharide糖类Spirane环烯Sydnone悉尼酮Sulfur ylide硫叶立德Sesquiterpene倍半萜Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Specific rotation比旋光Synthesis合成Synthon合成子Tetrahedral configuration四面体构型Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Torsion angle扭转角Twist conformation扭型构象Transoid conformation反向构象Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Tautomerization互变异构化tautomerism互变异构Thermodynamic control热力学控制Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Torsional effect扭转效应Transannular interaction跨环相互作用Transannular strain跨环张力Transamination氨基交换Trimefization三聚Transesterification酯交换Transacetalation缩醛交换Transfer hydrogenation转移氢化Transannular insertion跨环插入Transannular rearrangement跨环重排Triene三烯Thioester硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Triazole三唑Triazine三嗪Thiazole噻唑Terpene萜Triterpene三萜Tandem reaction sequence连续反应过程Topochemistry拓扑化学Unimolecular nucleophilic单分子亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination单分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Umbrella effect伞效应Umpolung极反转Valence bond method价键法Vinylog插烯物Valence tautomerism价互变异构Walden inversion瓦尔登反转Wax 蜡Ylide 叶立德Ynamin炔胺Z isomer Z异构体Zaitsev rule札依采夫规则Zwitterions两性离子。

有机化学中英文名词归纳整理

有机化学中英文名词归纳整理

有机化学中英文名词归纳整理第1章绪论蛛网式cobweb formula缩写式condensed formula键线式bond-line formula共价键covalent bond八隅律octet rule杂化轨道hybrid orbital偶极-偶极作用力dipole-dipole interaction官能团functional group反应机制mechanism自由基free radical共振理论resonance theory共振杂化体resonance hybrid第2章立体化学手性chirality对映体enantiomer手性分子chiral molecule对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom对称面symmetric plane对称中心symmetric center费歇尔投影式Fischer projection偏振光polarized light旋光性optical activity旋光度optical rotation比旋光度specific rotation外消旋体racemate非对映异构体diastereoisomer差向异构体epimer内消旋化合物meso-tartaric acid构型configuration第3章结构测定吸收光谱absorption spectra紫外光谱ultraviolet spectra红外光谱infrared spectra伸缩振动stretching vibration弯曲振动bending vibration核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance屏蔽效应shielding effect去屏蔽效应deshielding effect信号裂分signal splitting自旋-自旋偶合spin-spin coupling偶合常数coupling constant质谱mass spectroscopy分子离子molecular ion碎片离子fragment ion同位素峰isotope peak第4章烷烃和环烷烃甲烷methane 乙烷ethane 丙烷propane 丁烷butane 戊烷pentane 己烷hexane 庚烷heptane 辛烷octane 壬烷nonane 癸烷decane 正n- 异iso- 新neo-methylMe甲基ethylEt乙基n-propyln-Pr(正)丙基isopropyl iso-Pr异丙基n-butyln-Bu(正)丁基sec-butylsec-Bu仲丁基iso-butyliso-Bu异丁基tert-butylt-Bu叔丁基构象conformation构象异构体conformational isomer沸点boiling point, b.p.熔点melting point ,m.p.卤代反应(halogenation)第5章烯烃和炔烃烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon加成反应addition reaction亲电加成反应electrophilic addition马尔科夫尼可夫规律Markownikov” rule碳正离子Carbenium ion催化加氢Catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应polymeric reaction聚合物polymer单体monomer共轭二烯烃conjugated diene共轭效应Conjugate effect共轭加成conjugated addition第6章芳香烃苯及其同系物芳香烃aromatic hydrocarbons芳香族化合物aromatic compound苯benzene亲电取代electrophilic substitution卤代反应Halogenation reaction硝化反应nitration磺化反应sulfonation烷基化反应alkylation酰基化反应acylation氯苯chlorobenzene溴苯bromobenzene苯磺酸benzene sulfonic acid傅-克反应Friedel-Crafts alkylation稠环芳香烃萘naphthalene蒽anthracene菲phenanthrene休克尔规则Huckel rule第7章卤代烃卤代烷haloalkane亲核试剂nucleophilic reagent过渡态transition state乙烯基卤代烃vinyl halohydrocarbon 烯丙基卤代烃allyl halohydrocarbon 苄基卤代烃benzyl halohydrocarbon 卤代烃halohydrocarbon亲核取代反应nucleophilic substitution 消除反应elimination第8章醇硫醇酚醇alcohol硫醇thiol或mercaptan苯酚phenol萘酚naphthol二硫化物disulfide甲基亚砜dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO 氧化反应oxidation还原反应reduction烯醇enol:第9章醚醚ether概念:鍚盐oxonium salt过氧化物peroxide环醚cyclic ether开环反应ring open reaction冠醚crown ether名称:四氢呋喃tetrahydrofuran第10章醛和酮醛aldehyde酮ketone概念:羰基carbonyl group醇醛缩合aldol condensation互变异构现象tautomerism碘仿反应iodoform reaction福尔马林formalin酮体ketone body醌quinone名称:甲醛formaldehyde氰醇cyanohydrin半缩醛hemiacetal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal水合氯醛chloral hydrate水合茚三酮ninhydrin2,4-二硝基苯胼2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 烯醇enol酮式keto form烯醇式enol formTollens试剂Tollens reagentFehling试剂Fehling reagent第11章羧酸和取代羧酸一、羧酸羧酸carboxylic acid取代羧酸substituted carboxylic acid邻位效应ortho-effect羧酸衍生物carboxylic acid derivative酰卤acyl halide或acid halide酯ester酯化反应esterification脱羧反应decarboxylation二、取代羧酸卤代羧酸halogeno acid羟基酸hydroxy acid氨基酸amino acid第12章羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物羧酸衍生物derivatives of carboxylic acid羧酸衍生物的亲核取代反应nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction 水解反应hydrolysis醇解反应alcohoysis氨解反应ammonolysis酰化反应acylating reaction酰化剂acylating agent碳酸衍生物derivatives carbonic acid尿素urea丙二酰脲malonyl urea胍guanidine巴比妥barital巴比妥酸barbituric acid罂粟碱papaverine20.海洛因heroin第13章胺和生物碱amine胺胆碱choline乙酰胆碱acetylcholine生物碱:一般指生物体内的一类含氮有机化合物重氮diazo偶氮环合物azo-compound重氮盐diazo salt重氮酸盐diazoate偶联反应coupling reaction重氮化合物盐酸普鲁卡因procaine hydrochloride苯磺酰氯benzenesulfonyl choride甲苯磺酰氯tosyl chloride兴斯堡实验Hinsberg test重氮化反应diazotization偶氮染料azo dyes酸性橙Iacid orange I甲基橙methyl orange生物碱alkaloid麻黄碱ephedrine阿托品atropine阿片opium吗啡morphine可待因codeine第14章杂环化合物呋喃furan噻吩thiophene吡咯pyrrole噻唑thiazole吡唑pyrazole咪唑imidazole吡啶pyridine吡喃pyran嘧啶pyrimidine喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline嘌呤purine第15章脂类油脂油脂lipid=三酰甘油triacylglycerol=甘油三酯triglyceride油oil脂肪fat脂肪酸fatty acid皂化反应saponification:油脂在碱性溶液中的水解又称皂化反应皂化值saponification number:g油脂完全皂化时所需氢氧化钾的毫克数碘值iodine number:00g油脂所能吸收的碘的克数酸败rancidity:油脂在空气中放置过久,会发生变质,产生难闻的气味,这种现象称为酸败酸值acid number:中和g油脂中的游离脂肪酸所需氢氧化钾的毫克数磷脂phospholipid甘油磷脂glycerophosphatide卵磷脂lecithin脑磷脂cephalin胆碱choline乙醇胺ethanolamine鞘磷脂sphingomyelin鞘氨醇sphingosine神经酰胺ceramide甾族化合物steroid甾醇sterol第16章糖类糖saccharide概念:单糖monosaccharide:不能在被水解成更小分子的糖,如葡萄糖、果糖、核糖。

有机化学专业术语中英对照大全

有机化学专业术语中英对照大全

有机化学专业术语中英对照大全Angular methyl group角甲基Alkylidene group亚烷基Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型[的]Aryl group芳基Activating group活化基团Auxochrome助色团Acyl cation酰[基]正离子Arenirm ion芳[基]正离子Aci form酸式Asymmetric atom不对称原子Asymmetric carbon不对称碳Absolute configuration绝对构型Achiral非手性[的]Anomer端基[差向]异构体Anti conformation反式构象Anti periplanar conformation反叠构象Atropismer阻转异构体Axial bond直[立]键Aromaticity芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隅Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon交替烃Antarafacial reaction异面反应Ambident两可[的]Acid-base catalyxed reaction酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Anomeric effect端基异构效应Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香亲核取代Anti-Markovnikov addition反马氏加成Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除机理Apofacial reaction反面反应Aryl action芳正离子Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Anionic cleavage负离子裂解Alkylation烷基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Amination氨基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Allylic halogenation烯丙型卤化Additive dimerization加成二聚Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage酰基裂解Alcoholysis醇解Aminomethylation氨甲基化Aldol condensation羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation偶姻缩合Annulation,annelation增环反应Autoxidation自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation烯丙型氢过氧化Aromatization芳构化Abstraction夺取[反应] Aminomercuration氨汞化Allylic migration烯丙型重排Allylic migration烯丙型迁移Acyl rearrangement酰基重排Anionotropy负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement负离子转移重排Aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物Alkane烷Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Active hydrogen compounds活泼氢化合物Allene丙二烯Alkyl halide卤代烷Alcohol醇Amine胺Amine oxide氧化胺Aldehyde醛Aldehyde hydrate醛水合物Acetal缩醛Aminal缩醛胺Aldimine醛亚胺Aldimine醛肟Azine嗪Acyl halide酰卤Acyl fluoride酰氟Acyl chloride酰氯Acyl rtomide酰溴Acyl iodide酰碘Acyl tosylate酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acyl peroxide酰基过氧化物Amide酰胺Acyl azide酰叠氮Amidine脒Acyl cyanide酰腈Allophanate脲基甲酸酯Amino acid氨基酸Aldol羟醛Acyloin偶姻Aldose醛糖Aglycon苷元Alditol糖醇Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aromatic compound稠环化合物Arene芳香化合物Alkylbenzene芳烃Aiaryl联苄Acene并苯Aryne芳炔Annulene烨烯Azulene?Alkaloid生物碱Azoxy compound氧化偶氮化合物Azlactone二氢?唑酮Azepine氮杂?Arsine胂Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Azo cimpound偶氮化物Benzyl group苄基Benzylic苄型[的]Bridged-ring system桥环体系Benzylic cation苄[基]正离子Bisecting conformation等分构象Boat conformation船型构象Banana bond香蕉键Basic solvent碱性溶剂B strain后张力Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution双分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination双分子消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Borderline mechanism边理机理Backside attack背面进攻Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Benzyne苯炔Bredt rule布雷特规则Bisamination双氨基化Bimolecular reduction双分子还原Benzilic rearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Betaine甜菜碱Bibenzyl烷基苯Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl联苯Benzvalene盆苯Barrelene桶烯Benzoin苯偶姻Benzil偶苯酰Chromophore生色团Common ring普通环Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Configuration构型Chirality手性Chiral手性[的]Chiral center手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Conformational inversion构象反转Chair conformation椅型构象Cisoid conformation顺向构象Conformer构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Cram’s rube克拉姆规则Conformational transmission构象传递Cross conjugation交叉共轭Conrotatory顺旋Cycloaddition环加成Coordinate-covalent bond配位共价键Conjugate base共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Counrer[gegen]ion反荷离子Carbocation碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Carbine碳炔C- alkylation C-烷基化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Cine substitution移位取代Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Coupling reaction偶联反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉偶联反应Conjugate addition共轭加成carbonylation羧基化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Chiletropic reaction螯键反应Chelation螯环化Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Condensation缩合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩合Cyclization环化Catalytic hydrogenation催化氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation催化脱氢Cationotropic rearrangement正离子转移重排Carbon acid碳氢酸Ccumulene累积多烯Cellosolve溶纤剂Crown ether冠醚Cyanohydrin羟腈Carboxylic acid羧酸Carbobenzoxy chloride苄氧甲酰氯Carbon suboxide二氧化三碳Carbammic acid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯Cyanamide氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亚胺Carbohydrate碳水化合物Cycloalkene环烷Cage compound 螺烷Catenane轮烷cyclophane环芳Chalcone查耳酮Chloroborane氯硼烷carotene胡萝卜素Charge-transfer spectrum电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent化学位移试剂Circularly polarized light圆偏振光Cottoneffect卡滕效应Chiron,chiral building block手性子Chiral induction手性诱导Chiral reagent手性试剂Chiral catalyst手性催化剂Chiral solvent手性溶剂Chiral auxiliary [reagent]手性助剂Convergent synthesis汇集合成Diastereotopic非对映异位[的]D-L system of nomenclatureD-L命名体系Diastereomer非对映[异构]体Delocalezed bond离域键Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁环电流Disroatatory对旋Dielectric constant介电常数Diaxial addition双直键加成Deactivating group钝化基团Demethylation脱甲基化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Decarboxylative nitration脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer重氮基转移Diazonium coupling重氮偶联Dimerization二聚Decarbonylation脱羰Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Dipolar addition 偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Double bond migration 双键移位Diene 双烯Diyne 二炔Diazoalkane 重氮烷Detone 酮Dithiane 二噻烷Dewar benzene 杜瓦苯Diazo compound 重氮化合物Diazohydroxide 重氮氢氧化物 Diketopiperazine 哌嗪二酮 Diazine 二嗪Diterpene 二萜Diasteromeric excess,de 非对映体过量Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Enantiomer 对映[异构]体 Epimer 差向异构体 Erythro configuration 赤型构型 Erythro isomer 赤型异构体 E isomerE 异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Electrical effect 电场效应Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex电子给[体]受体络合物Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Electrofuge 离电体Exhaustivemethylation 彻底甲基化 Ethylation 乙基化 Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成 Ene synthesis 单烯合成 - elimination-消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成 Esterification 酯化 Ethanolysis 乙醇解Enolization 烯醇化Epoxidation 环氧化Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排 Enyne 烯炔 Ether 醚 Epoxide 环氧化物Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Ester 酯Enantiomeric excess,ee 对映体过量 Fluxional structure 循变结构Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式 Field effect 场效应 F strain 前张力Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁 Fluorene 芴 fulvene 富烯 Furan 呋喃 Flavone 黄酮Ferocene 二?铁Formal synthesis 中继合成Gauche conformation, skew con-formation邻位交叉构象Guest客体Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol二醇Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡[萄]糖苷Grignard reagent格氏试剂Helical molecule螺旋型分子Homotopic等位[的]Heterotopic异位[的]Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Homolog同系物Hyperconjugation超共轭Huckel’rule休克尔规则Homoaromaticity同芳香性Host主体Hammond postulate哈蒙德假说Homochiral纯手性[的]Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism异裂机理Hofmann’s rule霍夫曼规则Hydroxylation羟基化Hydroboration硼氢化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization同系化Hydroxymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Haloform reaction卤仿反应Heterogeneous hydrogenation多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation均相氢化Hydrogenolysis氢解Hydrometallation氢金属化Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Hpdrocarbon碳氢化合物Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Hydrazone腙Hydrazide酰肼Hydantion乙内酰脲Helicene螺旋烃Hydrazo compound氢化偶氮化物Hydroquinone氢醌Heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Isomerism异构[现象]Ipso position本位Isovalent hyperconjugation等价超共轭Inductive effect诱导效应Imine-enamine atutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Inverse isotope effect逆同位素效应Intermediate 中间体I strain内张力Isoinversion等反转Isoracemization等消旋Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子内亲核取代Ion pair 离子对Internal return内返Inversion反转Insertion插入imine亚胺Isonitrile 异腈Imide二酰亚胺Indene茚Imidazole咪唑Isoquinoline异喹啉Isoflavone异黄酮Large ring大环Laevo isomer左旋异构体Leois structure路易斯结构Linear free energy线性自由能Large angle strain大角张力Leaving group离去基团Lithiation锂化Lactone内酯Lactol内半缩醛Lactam内酰胺Lipid 类脂Linear synthesis线性合成Magnetically anisotropic group磁各向异性基团Medium rimg中环Mirror symmetry镜面对称Meso compound内消旋化合物Meta position间位Para position对位Molecular orbiral method分子轨道法Mesomeric effect中介效应Mobius system默比乌斯体系Mechanism机理Masked carbanion掩蔽碳负离子Markovnikov’s rube马尔科夫尼科规则Michael addition迈克尔加成Meta directing group间位定位基Mitallation金属化Mercuration汞化Migratory aptitude迁移倾向Migration迁移Mercaptan硫醇Macrolide大环内酯Monoterpene单萜Neoman projection纽曼投影式No-bond resonance无键共振Non-alternant hydrocarbon非交替烷Non-bonded interaction非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation非经典碳正离子Nitrene氮宾Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Nucleophilicity亲核体Nucleofuge离核体Neighboring group participation邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助作用Neighboring group effect邻基效应N-alkylationN-烷基化Nitration硝化Netro compound 硝基化合物Nitrile腈Nitrile oxide氧化腈N-bromo compound N-溴化物Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德Octahedral compound八面体化合物Optical activity光学活性Quasi recemate准外消旋体Ortho position邻位Orinentation取向Ortho-para directing group邻对位定位基Ortho effect邻位效应O- alkylationO-烷基化Oxyamination羟氨基化Oxo process羰基合成Oxonolysis臭氧解Oxidative decarboxylation氧化脱羧Oxymercuration羟汞化Oxime肟Oxime亚硝基化合物orthoester原酸酯Oligosaccharide寡糖Osazone脎Oxazine?嗪Organometallic有机金属化合物Optical purity光学纯度Optical induction光学诱导Spiroannulation螺增环Prototropic rearrangement质了转移重排Pinacol rearrangement频哪醇重排Prototropy质子转移Photosensitization 光敏化photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光异构化Photochemical rearrangement光化学重排Paraffin wax石蜡Peracid过酸Perester过酸酯Peptide肽Pyranose吡喃糖Polysaccharide多糖Propellane笼型化合物Pyrrole吡咯Pyrazole吡唑Porphyrin卟啉Pyridene吡啶Piperidine哌啶Phosphine膦Phosphonium salt?盐Phosphorus ylide磷叶立德Phospholipid磷脂Pheromone信息素Phytohormone植物激素Polarized light偏振光Partial synthesis部分合成Protecting group保护基Phenyl group 苯基Quinhydrone醌Quinhydrone醌氢醌Quinoline喹啉Radical ion自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion自由基负离子R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S命名体系Racemic mixture外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution外消旋固体溶液Rotamer旋转异构体Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Restricted rotation阻碍旋转Racemization外消旋化Ring clsure环合Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛缩合Reductive alkylation还原烷基化Reductive acylation还原酰化Reductive dimerization还原二聚Rearrangement重排Ring contraction环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环[反应] Rotazane螺桨烷Rused ring索烃Retrosynthesis逆合成Relay synthesis接替合成Spiro compound螺环化合物Stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomerism立体异构[现象] Symmetry factor对称因素Si faceSi面Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation顺错构象Staggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Stereochemical orientation立体[化学]取向Symmetry forbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Solvent effect溶剂效应Solvated electron溶剂化电子Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效应Substrate底物Small-angle strain小角张力Substitution取代Silylation硅烷[基]化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Sulfonation磺化Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Saponification皂化Single electron transfer单电子转移Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇重排Sigmatropic rearrangement-迁移重排Super acid超酸Sulfonic acid磺酸Sulfoxide亚砜Sulfone砜Semicarbazone缩氯基脲Saccharide糖类Spirane环烯Sydnone悉尼酮Sulfur ylide硫叶立德Sesquiterpene倍半萜Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Specific rotation比旋光Synthesis合成Synthon合成子Tetrahedral configuration四面体构型Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Torsion angle扭转角Twist conformation扭型构象Transoid conformation反向构象Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Tautomerization互变异构化tautomerism互变异构Thermodynamic control热力学控制Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Torsional effect扭转效应Transannular interaction跨环相互作用Transannular strain跨环张力Transamination氨基交换Trimefization三聚Transesterification酯交换Transacetalation缩醛交换Transfer hydrogenation转移氢化Transannular insertion跨环插入Transannular rearrangement跨环重排Triene三烯Thioester硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Triazole三唑Triazine三嗪Thiazole噻唑Terpene萜Triterpene三萜Tandem reaction sequence连续反应过程Topochemistry拓扑化学Unimolecular nucleophilic单分子亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination单分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Umbrella effect伞效应Umpolung极反转Valence bond method价键法Vinylog插烯物Valence tautomerism价互变异构Walden inversion瓦尔登反转Wax 蜡Ylide 叶立德Ynamin炔胺Z isomer Z异构体Zaitsev rule札依采夫规则Zwitterions两性离子。

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体,对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基,游离基 free radical卡宾,碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用,请勿它用!</HTML>有机化合物编辑[yǒu jīhuàhéwù]有机化合物主要由氢元素、碳元素组成,含碳的化合物,但是不包括一氧化碳、二氧化碳和以碳酸根结尾的物质。

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group 双键 double bond 三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group 琉基 mercapto 硫轻基 sulfhydryl group 羰基 carbonyl group 氨基 amino group 亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group 亚硝基 nitroso group 氰基 cyano group 羧基 carboxyl group 磺基 sulpho group 烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group 卡基 benzyl group 芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group 烷氧基 alkoxyl group 酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon 石蜡 paraffin 脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon 烷烃 alkane 烯烃 alkene 炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene 脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound 桥环化合物 bridged ring compound 芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon 非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics 卤代烃 halohydrocarbon 醇 alcohol 酚 phenol 醚 ether 环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether 硫醇 thiol 硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide 二硫化物 disulfide 亚磺酸 sulfinic acid 磺酸 sulfonic acid 亚砜 sulfoxide 砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde 酮 ketone 半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal 缩醛 acetal 缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base 肟 oxime 腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazone αβ-不饱和酮αβ--unsaturated ketone醌 quinone 羧酸 carboxylic acid 酰卤acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride 酯 ester 酰胺 amide內酯 lactone 内酰胺 lactam 月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid 羟基酸 hydroxy acid 醇酸 alcoholic acid 酚酸 phenolic acid 酮酸 keto acid B-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester 乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate 亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound 硝基化合物 njtro compound 亚胺 imine 胺 amine伯胺 primary amine 仲胺 secondary amine 叔胺 tertiary amine 季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt 季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt 偶氮化合物 azo compound 胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid 磷 phosphine 磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphate 膦酸酯 phosphonate 膦酸 phosphonic acid 3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol 呋喃 furane 噻吩 thiophone 吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine 咪唑 imidazole 噻唑 thioazole 吡啶 pyridine 喹啉 quinoline 异喹啉 isoquinoline 吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts 黄酮 flavone 嘧啶 pirimidine 嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide 多肽 polypeptide 核酸 nucleic acid 核苷 nucleoside 核苷酸 nucleotide 生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate 单糖 monosaccharide 醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketoses D-核糖 ribose D-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose 葡萄糖 glucose 果糖 fructose 糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside 低聚糖 oligosaccharide 麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose 纤维二糖 cellobiose 环糊精 cyclodextrin 多糖 polysaccharide 淀粉 starch 纤维素 cellulose 类脂 lipid 萜类化合物 terpenoid 甾族化合物 steroid 脂肪 fat 油 oil 脂肪酸 fatty acid 甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride 磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid 蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory 分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory 凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formula σ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy 键角 bond angle 键长 bond Iength 成键轨道 bonding orbital 反键轨道 antibonding orbital 最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital诱导效应 inductive effect 共轭效应 conjugated effectππ-共轭ππ- conjugation pπ-共轭pπ- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation 离域能 delocalization energy 共振能 resonance energy 给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group 芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule 两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer 构造 constitution 构型 configuration构象 conformation 构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism 构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism 次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z 异侧 Entgegen E 顺式 cis 反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism 旋光性 optical activity 旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation 对称面 plane of symmetry对称中央 center of symmetry 对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality 手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体,对映体 enantiomer 非对映体 diastereomer 外消旋体 raceme 左旋体 leveisomer 右旋体 dextroisomer 内消旋体 mesomer 费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection 相对构型 relative configuration 绝对构型 absolute configuration R -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S –configuration 赤式erythro 苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization 拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity 对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess 立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis 构象异构 conformational isomerism 构象分析conformational analysis 锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula 椅式 chair form 船式 boat form 竖立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond 互变异构 tautomerism 酮式 keto-form 烯醇式 enol-form 差向异构化 epimerization 变旋现象 mutamerism 哈武斯式 Haworth form 7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction 加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition 消去反应 elemination reaction 查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule 硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation 聚合反应 polymerization 单体 monomer 聚合物 polymer 硝化反应 nitration 卤化反应 halogenation 磺化反应 sulfonation 烷基化反应 alkylation 酰基化反应 acylation 酯化反应 esterification 酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation 氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction 格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent 赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction 卤仿反应 haloform reaction 水解反应 hydrolysis reaction 醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction 氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction 皂化 saponification 插烯作用 vinylogy 缩合 condensation 克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation 羟醛缩合 aldol condensation 列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction 迈克尔反应 Michael reaction 诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction 加布里反应 Gabriel reaction 乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis 海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction 偶联反应 coupling reaction 脱氨基反应 deamination reaction 维悌希反应 Wittig reaction 氧化反应 oxidation reaction 还原反应 reduction reaction 周环反应 pericyclic reaction 环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction 电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction 坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction 齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent 托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction 罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction 克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction 考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement 嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement 弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement 克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement 二烯体 diene 亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic 异裂 heterolytic 活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation 碳负离子 carbanion 烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基,游离基 free radical 卡宾,碳烯 carbine 氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step 哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile 过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation 动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control 离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate 亲电试剂 electrofphile 亲核试剂 nucleophile 亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution 定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanism SN1反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion 亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanism E2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去anti elimination 重排反应机理rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction 链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation 链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra 傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region 吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra 电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance 摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient 发色团 chromophore 助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra 13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra 屏蔽效应 shielding effect 化学位移 chemical shift 自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling 自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting 偶合常数 coupling constant 质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling电子流轰击 election impact (EI) 快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB) 分子离子峰 molecular ion peak 同位素峰 isotopic peak 基峰 base peak 质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond 色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point 沸点 boiling point 密度 density溶解度 solubility 偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity 碱性 basicity。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism(对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end-group effect(端基效应)entgegen(E,相反之意)energy of activation(活化能)enzyme(酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation(环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid(必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction(萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应) Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应) reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架) F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)galactose (半乳糖)..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) (±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection(纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration(硝化反应)nitro compound(硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound(非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon(非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent(亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide(寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction(欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐)oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷)phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )组氨酸(histidine)。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism(对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end-group effect(端基效应)entgegen(E,相反之意)energy of activation(活化能)enzyme(酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation(环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid(必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction(萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应) Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应) reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架) F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)galactose (半乳糖) ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) (±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection(纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration(硝化反应)nitro compound(硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound(非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon(非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent(亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide(寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction(欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐) oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷) phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )。

有机化学专业术语中英对照大全

有机化学专业术语中英对照大全

Angular methyl group角甲基Alkylidene group亚烷基Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型[的]Aryl group芳基Activating group活化基团Auxochrome助色团Acyl cation酰[基]正离子Arenirm ion芳[基]正离子Aci form酸式Asymmetric atom不对称原子Asymmetric carbon不对称碳Absolute configuration绝对构型Achiral非手性[的]Anomer端基[差向]异构体Anti conformation反式构象Anti periplanar conformation反叠构象Atropismer阻转异构体Axial bond直[立]键Aromaticity芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隅Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon交替烃Antarafacial reaction异面反应Ambident两可[的]Acid-base catalyxed reaction酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Anomeric effect端基异构效应Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香亲核取代Anti-Markovnikov addition反马氏加成Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除机理Apofacial reaction反面反应Aryl action芳正离子Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Anionic cleavage负离子裂解Alkylation烷基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Amination氨基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Allylic halogenation烯丙型卤化Additive dimerization加成二聚Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage酰基裂解Alcoholysis醇解Aminomethylation氨甲基化Aldol condensation羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation偶姻缩合Annulation,annelation增环反应Autoxidation自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation烯丙型氢过氧化Aromatization芳构化Abstraction夺取[反应] Aminomercuration氨汞化Allylic migration烯丙型重排Allylic migration烯丙型迁移Acyl rearrangement酰基重排Anionotropy负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement负离子转移重排Aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物Alkane烷Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Active hydrogen compounds活泼氢化合物Allene丙二烯Alkyl halide卤代烷Alcohol醇Amine胺Amine oxide氧化胺Aldehyde醛Aldehyde hydrate醛水合物Acetal缩醛Aminal缩醛胺Aldimine醛亚胺Aldimine醛肟Azine嗪Acyl halide酰卤Acyl fluoride酰氟Acyl chloride酰氯Acyl rtomide酰溴Acyl iodide酰碘Acyl tosylate酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acyl peroxide酰基过氧化物Amide酰胺Acyl azide酰叠氮Amidine脒Acyl cyanide酰腈Allophanate脲基甲酸酯Amino acid氨基酸Aldol羟醛Acyloin偶姻Aldose醛糖Aglycon苷元Alditol糖醇Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aromatic compound稠环化合物Arene芳香化合物Alkylbenzene芳烃Aiaryl联苄Acene并苯Aryne芳炔Annulene烨烯Azulene?Alkaloid生物碱Azoxy compound氧化偶氮化合物Azlactone二氢?唑酮Azepine氮杂?Arsine胂Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Azo cimpound偶氮化物Benzyl group苄基Benzylic苄型[的]Bridged-ring system桥环体系Benzylic cation苄[基]正离子Bisecting conformation等分构象Boat conformation船型构象Banana bond香蕉键Basic solvent碱性溶剂B strain后张力Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution双分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination双分子消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group双分子羰基形成消除Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Borderline mechanism边理机理Backside attack背面进攻Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Benzyne苯炔Bredt rule布雷特规则Bisamination双氨基化Bimolecular reduction双分子还原Benzilic rearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Betaine甜菜碱Bibenzyl烷基苯Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl联苯Benzvalene盆苯Barrelene桶烯Benzoin苯偶姻Benzil偶苯酰Chromophore生色团Common ring普通环Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Configuration构型Chirality手性Chiral手性[的]Chiral center手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Conformational inversion构象反转Chair conformation椅型构象Cisoid conformation顺向构象Conformer构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Cram’s rube克拉姆规则Conformational transmission构象传递Cross conjugation交叉共轭Conrotatory顺旋Cycloaddition环加成Coordinate-covalent bond配位共价键Conjugate base共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Counrer[gegen]ion反荷离子Carbocation碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Carbine碳炔C- alkylation C-烷基化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Cine substitution移位取代Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Coupling reaction偶联反应Cross-coupling reaction交叉偶联反应Conjugate addition共轭加成carbonylation羧基化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Chiletropic reaction螯键反应Chelation螯环化Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Condensation缩合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩合Cyclization环化Catalytic hydrogenation催化氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation催化脱氢Cationotropic rearrangement正离子转移重排Carbon acid碳氢酸Ccumulene累积多烯Cellosolve溶纤剂Crown ether冠醚Cyanohydrin羟腈Carboxylic acid羧酸Carbobenzoxy chloride苄氧甲酰氯Carbon suboxide二氧化三碳Carbammic acid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯Cyanamide氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亚胺Carbohydrate碳水化合物Cycloalkene环烷Cage compound 螺烷Catenane轮烷cyclophane环芳Chalcone查耳酮Chloroborane氯硼烷carotene胡萝卜素Charge-transfer spectrum电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent化学位移试剂Circularly polarized light圆偏振光Cotton effect卡滕效应Chiron,chiral building block手性子Chiral induction手性诱导Chiral reagent手性试剂Chiral catalyst手性催化剂Chiral solvent手性溶剂Chiral auxiliary [reagent]手性助剂Convergent synthesis汇集合成Diastereotopic非对映异位[的]D-L system of nomenclatureD-L命名体系Diastereomer非对映[异构]体Delocalezed bond离域键Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁环电流Disroatatory对旋Dielectric constant介电常数Diaxial addition双直键加成Deactivating group钝化基团Demethylation脱甲基化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Decarboxylative nitration脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer重氮基转移Diazonium coupling重氮偶联Dimerization二聚Decarbonylation脱羰Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Diene synthesis双烯合成Dienophile亲双烯体Diels-Alder reaction第尔斯-尔德反应Dipolar addition偶极加成Dehydrohalogenation脱卤化氢Deamination脱氨基Decarboxylation脱羧Decarboxamidation脱酰胺Decyanation脱氰基Dissolving metal reduction溶解金属还原Deoxygenation脱氧Desulfurization脱硫Deselenization脱硒Double bond migration双键移位Diene双烯Diyne二炔Diazoalkane重氮烷Detone酮Dithiane二噻烷Dewar benzene杜瓦苯Diazo compound重氮化合物Diazohydroxide重氮氢氧化物Diketopiperazine哌嗪二酮Diazine二嗪Diterpene二萜Diasteromeric excess,de非对映体过量Enantiotopic对映异位[的]Enantiomer对映[异构]体Epimer差向异构体Erythro configuration赤型构型Erythro isomer赤型异构体E isomerE异构体Endo isomer内型异构体Exo isomer外型异构体Eclipsed conformation重叠构象Envelope conformation信封[型]构象Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Electrocyclic rearrangement电环[化]重排Electrical effect电场效应Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex电子给[体]受体络合物Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain重叠张力Electrophilic addition亲电加成Electrophile亲电体Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion亲电芳香取代Electron transfer电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Electrofuge离电体Exhaustive methylation彻底甲基化Ethylation乙基化Endo addition内型加成Exo addition外型加成Ene synthesis单烯合成- elimination-消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Esterification酯化Ethanolysis乙醇解Enolization烯醇化Epoxidation环氧化Electrochemical oxidation电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction电化学还原Electrophilic rearrangement亲电重排Enyne烯炔Ether醚Epoxide环氧化物Enol烯醇Enol ether烯醇醚Enol ester烯醇酯Ester酯Enantiomeric excess,ee对映体过量Fluxional structure循变结构Fischer projection费歇尔投影式Field effect场效应F strain前张力Flash pyrolysis闪热裂Fragmentation碎裂Forbidden transition禁阻跃迁Fluorene芴fulvene富烯Furan呋喃Flavone黄酮Ferocene二?铁Formal synthesis中继合成Gauche conformation, skew con-formation邻位交叉构象Guest客体Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol二醇Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡[萄]糖苷Grignard reagent格氏试剂Helical molecule螺旋型分子Homotopic等位[的]Heterotopic异位[的]Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Homolog同系物Hyperconjugation超共轭Huckel’rule休克尔规则Homoaromaticity同芳香性Host主体Hammond postulate哈蒙德假说Homochiral纯手性[的]Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism异裂机理Hofmann’s rule霍夫曼规则Hydroxylation羟基化Hydroboration硼氢化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization同系化Hydroxymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Haloform reaction卤仿反应Heterogeneous hydrogenation多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation均相氢化Hydrogenolysis氢解Hydrometallation氢金属化Homosigmatropic rearrangement同迁移重排Hpdrocarbon碳氢化合物Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Hydrazone腙Hydrazide酰肼Hydantion乙内酰脲Helicene螺旋烃Hydrazo compound氢化偶氮化物Hydroquinone氢醌Heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Isomerism异构[现象]Ipso position本位Isovalent hyperconjugation等价超共轭Inductive effect诱导效应Imine-enamine atutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Inverse isotope effect逆同位素效应Intermediate 中间体I strain内张力Isoinversion等反转Isoracemization等消旋Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子内亲核取代Ion pair 离子对Internal return内返Inversion反转Insertion插入imine亚胺Isonitrile 异腈Imide二酰亚胺Indene茚Imidazole咪唑Isoquinoline异喹啉Isoflavone异黄酮Large ring大环Laevo isomer左旋异构体Leois structure路易斯结构Linear free energy线性自由能Large angle strain大角张力Leaving group离去基团Lithiation锂化Lactone内酯Lactol内半缩醛Lactam内酰胺Lipid 类脂Linear synthesis线性合成Magnetically anisotropic group磁各向异性基团Medium rimg中环Mirror symmetry镜面对称Meso compound内消旋化合物Meta position间位Para position对位Molecular orbiral method分子轨道法Mesomeric effect中介效应Mobius system默比乌斯体系Mechanism机理Masked carbanion掩蔽碳负离子Markovnikov’s rube马尔科夫尼科规则Michael addition迈克尔加成Meta directing group间位定位基Mitallation金属化Mercuration汞化Migratory aptitude迁移倾向Migration迁移Mercaptan硫醇Macrolide大环内酯Monoterpene单萜Neoman projection纽曼投影式No-bond resonance无键共振Non-alternant hydrocarbon非交替烷Non-bonded interaction非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation非经典碳正离子Nitrene氮宾Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Nucleophilicity亲核体Nucleofuge离核体Neighboring group participation邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助作用Neighboring group effect邻基效应N-alkylationN-烷基化Nitration硝化Netro compound 硝基化合物Nitrile腈Nitrile oxide氧化腈N-bromo compound N-溴化物Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德Octahedral compound八面体化合物Optical activity光学活性Quasi recemate准外消旋体Ortho position邻位Orinentation取向Ortho-para directing group邻对位定位基Ortho effect邻位效应O- alkylationO-烷基化Oxyamination羟氨基化Oxo process羰基合成Oxonolysis臭氧解Oxidative decarboxylation氧化脱羧Oxymercuration羟汞化Oxime肟Oxime亚硝基化合物orthoester原酸酯Oligosaccharide寡糖Osazone脎Oxazine?嗪Organometallic有机金属化合物Optical purity光学纯度Optical induction光学诱导Spiroannulation螺增环Prototropic rearrangement质了转移重排Pinacol rearrangement频哪醇重排Prototropy质子转移Photosensitization光敏化photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光异构化Photochemical rearrangement光化学重排Paraffin wax石蜡Peracid过酸Perester过酸酯Peptide肽Pyranose吡喃糖Polysaccharide多糖Propellane笼型化合物Pyrrole吡咯Pyrazole吡唑Porphyrin卟啉Pyridene吡啶Piperidine哌啶Phosphine膦Phosphonium salt?盐Phosphorus ylide磷叶立德Phospholipid磷脂Pheromone信息素Phytohormone植物激素Polarized light偏振光Partial synthesis部分合成Protecting group保护基Phenyl group 苯基Quinhydrone醌Quinhydrone醌氢醌Quinoline喹啉Radical ion自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion自由基负离子R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S命名体系Racemic mixture外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution外消旋固体溶液Rotamer旋转异构体Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Restricted rotation阻碍旋转Racemization外消旋化Ring clsure环合Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛缩合Reductive alkylation还原烷基化Reductive acylation还原酰化Reductive dimerization还原二聚Rearrangement重排Ring contraction环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环[反应] Rotazane螺桨烷Rused ring索烃Retrosynthesis逆合成Relay synthesis接替合成Spiro compound螺环化合物Stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomerism立体异构[现象] Symmetry factor对称因素Si faceSi面Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation反错构象Synclinal conformation顺错构象Staggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Stereochemical orientation立体[化学]取向Symmetry forbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Solvent effect溶剂效应Solvated electron溶剂化电子Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效应Substrate底物Small-angle strain小角张力Substitution取代Silylation硅烷[基]化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Sulfonation磺化Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Saponification皂化Single electron transfer单电子转移Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇重排Sigmatropic rearrangement-迁移重排Super acid超酸Sulfonic acid磺酸Sulfoxide亚砜Sulfone砜Semicarbazone缩氯基脲Saccharide糖类Spirane环烯Sydnone悉尼酮Sulfur ylide硫叶立德Sesquiterpene倍半萜Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Specific rotation比旋光Synthesis合成Synthon合成子Tetrahedral configuration四面体构型Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Torsion angle扭转角Twist conformation扭型构象Transoid conformation反向构象Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Tautomerization互变异构化tautomerism互变异构Thermodynamic control热力学控制Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Torsional effect扭转效应Transannular interaction跨环相互作用Transannular strain跨环张力Transamination氨基交换Trimefization三聚Transesterification酯交换Transacetalation缩醛交换Transfer hydrogenation转移氢化Transannular insertion跨环插入Transannular rearrangement跨环重排Triene三烯Thioester硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Triazole三唑Triazine三嗪Thiazole噻唑Terpene萜Triterpene三萜Tandem reaction sequence连续反应过程Topochemistry拓扑化学Unimolecular nucleophilic单分子亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination单分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Umbrella effect伞效应Umpolung极反转Valence bond method价键法Vinylog插烯物Valence tautomerism价互变异构Walden inversion瓦尔登反转Wax 蜡Ylide 叶立德Ynamin炔胺Z isomer Z异构体Zaitsev rule札依采夫规则Zwitterions两性离子。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

学疏专业班级有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal (缩醛)acid anhydride(酸Sf)A. Couper (古柏尔)acridine (卩丫唏)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group (酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine (腺嚓吟)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素)A. Kekule (开库勒)alanine (丙氨酸)alcoholysis (醇解)aldehyde (醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环炷)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type (茜素型)alkane (烷桂)alkene (烯桂)alkylation (傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne (烘炷)aloeemodin (芦荟大黃素)amines (胺类)amide (酰胺)amidino (腺基)amino acid (氨基酸)-aminobutyric acid (-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis (氨解)andiron formula (锯架式)andrographo 1 ide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene (轮烯)anomer (异头物)anomeric effect (异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蔥醍)anthrol (蔥酚)anthrone (蔥酮)anthracene (蔥)anti aromaticity or anti aromatic compound (反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚)aromatic compound (芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon (芳香绘)aromaticity (芳香性)aromatization (芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine (精氨酸)aspartic acid (天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子)atomic orbital (原子轨道)A. Wurtz reaction (武兹反应)axial bond (直立键,& 键)azul 奥!()Baeyer (拜耳)baicalein (黃苓素)baicalin (黃苓昔)barbital (巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸)base complementary (碱基配对)benzoimidazole (苯并咪醴)benzothiazole (苯并唾I坐)学疏专业班级学号benzene (苯)berberine (小漿碱)Berzelius (伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet (-折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蔥核)biological methylate (生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二服反应)□ bond (o 键)n bond (兀键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon (桥环绘)bytrepob (布特力洛夫)camphor (樟脑)cardiac glycosides (强心昔)camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花昔)carbene (卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate (碳水化合物)carbonyl 俄基)carboxyl (竣基)carboxylic acid(竣酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醍)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose (纤维二糖)cellulose (纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution (链状碳架)chain initiation step (链引发阶段)chain propagation step (链增长阶段)chain termination step (链终止阶段)chaicone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex (电荷转移络合物)chemical bond (化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality (手性)chitin (甲壳质)chitosamine (壳糖胺)chlorophyll (叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆笛酸)cholestane (胆縉烷)cholesterol (胆笛醇)chromatography (色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蔥酮大黃酚)chrysarobin (柯械素)cinchonine (金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer (顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism (顺反异构)citral (柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement (克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction (克莱森一斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction (协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon (稠环坯)conformation (构象)conformational isomerism (构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene (共辘二烯桂)conjugation system (共轨体系)conjugative effect (共轨效应)conservation of orbital symmetry (分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪笛烷)学疏专业班级学号cortisone (可的松)crown ether (冠瞇)cumulative diene (聚集二烯婭)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution (环状碳架)cycloaddition recation (环力口成反应)cycloalkane (脂环桂)cyclodextrin (环糊精)cysteine (半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黃素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应)decarboxylation (脱竣反应)delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能)delocalized electron (离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature (变性)deoxyribonuc 1 eic acid(脱氧核糖核酸)derivative of carboxylic acid (竣酸衍生物)diastereoisomer (非对映体)学疏专业班级学号diazonium salt (重氮盐)chborane (乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene (•二氯卡宾)P -dichroine ( P -常山碱)Diels一Alder reaction (狄尔斯一阿尔德反应)diene (双烯体,二烯婭)dienophile (亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (.:氢查尔酮)B —dihydrotheelin ( B —雌二醇)distillation (蒸镭法)diterpenoids (二?£类)effective atomic number (有效原子序数)E.J. Cory—H. House reaction (科瑞一郝思反应)electric field scan (电场扫描)18-electron rule (18 电子规则)electromeric effect (电性效应)electrophilic addition (亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution (亲电取代)electrophile (亲电性试剂)elimination reaction (消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆徳降解)1- emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism (对映异构)enantiomer (对映体)end—group effect (端基效应)entgegen (E,相反之意)energy of activation (活化能)enzyme (酶)ephedrine (麻黃碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯)epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯)epimer (差向异构体)epoxidation (环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e 键)ergometrine (麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角笛醇)essential amino acid (必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester (酯)ester辻ication(酯化反应)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol(黃烷醇)flavanone (_.氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黃酮醇)flavonoid (黃酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)f ormal in (福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自山基链反应)Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔一克拉夫兹反应)Frohde reageProhde 试剂)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (咲喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架)F.Wohler (武勒)galactose (半乳糖)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)gallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)Ga11ermann-Koch reaction (盖特曼一科希反应)geometricalisomer (儿何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose (葡萄糖)glutamic acid (谷氨酸)glutamine (谷酰胺)glycerol (甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen (糖原)glycoside (糖昔)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)g 1 y c yr rhe t i n i c ac i d (甘草次酸)Gmelin (哥美林)green tea polyphenols (绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction (格氏反应)Grignard Reagent (格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reac tion (希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine (K)guan i di no ()1瓜基)guanine (鸟卩票吟)guanyl (眯基)haloform (卤仿)halogenation (卤代反应)halogenation reaction (卤化反应)Haworth (哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation (氢化热)学疏专业班级学号heat of reaction (反应热)hemiacetal (半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction (兴斯堡反应)histidine (组氨酸)H.Kolbe (科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation (霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination (霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation (霍夫曼彻底屮基化反应)HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道)homolog (同系物)homologous series (同系列)hormone (激素)HUckel rule (休克尔规则)hybrid orbital (杂化轨道)hydroboration (硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松)hydrogen bond (氢键)hydrolysis (水解)hyoscyamine (產若碱)hyper con jugat i on effect (超共辄效应)imidazole (咪醴)inclusion compound (包含物)indole (口引嗥)inductive effect (诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy (红夕卜光谱)insulin (胰岛素)invert sugar (转化糖)iodine number (碘值)tectoridin (莺尾学疏专业班级学号昔)isoelectric point (PI,等电点)isoflavanone (〔氢异黃酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene (隔离:烯桂)isoleucine (异亮氨酸)isoliquiri tigenin(异甘草素)isomer (同分异构体)isoquinoline (异卩奎卩林)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素)isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole (异嚏醴)isoxazole (异噁醴)Jones reagent (琼斯试剂)ketal (缩酮)ketone (酮)K. fries rearrangement (傅瑞斯重排)K. Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction (克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction (柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction (库切洛夫反应)lactose (乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine (壳氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar (林德拉)liquiritin (甘草昔)lithium methide (甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent (卢卡斯试剂)LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbita 1)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine (赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis 试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (酉昔酸镁反应)magnetic field scan (磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰SR)maltose (麦芽糖)Mannich reaction (满尼希反应)mannose (甘露糖)mass spectroscopy (质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot (佰赛儒)Mclafferty (麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol (薄荷醇)学疏专业班级学号()-menthol [()-薄荷醇]menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine (蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (屮孕酮)provera (¥ 孕酮)methyl testosterone (屮基睾丸素)molecular orbital (分子轨道)molecular orbital theory (分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蔥核)monocrotaline (一野白合碱)monomer (单体)monoterpenoids (单菇)monosaccharide (单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation (变旋光现象)naphthalene (荼)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应)()-neomenthol [()-新薄荷醇]nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection (纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin (E 卩三酮)nitration (硝化反应)nitro compound (硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound (非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon (非苯芳绘)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent (亲核试剂)nucleoside (核昔)nucleotide (核昔酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide (寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction (欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument (旋光仪)organometallic compound (有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthrano 1 (氧化恿酚)oxazole (噁醴)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)oxonium salt 盐)oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷桂)pelargonidin (天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黃柏素-7-0-葡萄糖昔)phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide (麟叶立徳)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol (频哪醇)pinene (菰烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光)polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (多环芳绘)polymer (聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound (稠环芳绘)polypeptide (多肽)polyreaction (聚合反应)polysaccharide (多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney (泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸)precipitation (沉淀法)primary structure (一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素)progesterone (黃体酮)protein (蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine (蝶唳)purine (卩票吟)pyran (毗喃)pyrazine (毗嗪)pyrazole (毗醴)pyridazine (哒嗪)pyridine (毗唏)pyrimidine (喘唳)pyrrole (毗咯)quaternary structure (四级结构)quercetin (榆I皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline (卩奎咻)quinones (醍)racemic mixture (外消旋体)racemization (外消旋化)rancidity (酸败)Raney Ni (兰尼線)reaction mechanism (反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann react ion (瑞穆尔一蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue (残基)resonance energy (共振能)resonance hybrid (共振杂化体)resonance theory (共振论)resonating structure (共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R. B. Woodward (伍徳沃德)rhe in (大黄酸)R. Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose (核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide (糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction (桑得迈尔一盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction (桑得迈尔反应)saponification (皂化)saponification number (皂化值)Sarrett reagent (沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection (萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff* s base(西佛碱)secondary structure (二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻昔A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半SS)sigmatropic reaction ( o 键迁移反应)silane (硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)B—sitosterol (B一谷縉醇)skyrin (天精,酉昆茜素)S x(NucleophMie substitution)(亲核取代)S X1 (单分子亲核取代反应)S、・2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应)sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin (鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon (螺环坯)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch (淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer (立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (笛体化合物)Stevens rearrangement (史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆當烷)strychnine (士的F)sucrose (蔗糖)sulfonation (磺化反应)systematic nomenclature (系统命需法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer (互变异构体)tautomerism (互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols (茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (祜类化合物)tertiary structure (三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素,四氢巴马汀)tetramethyl silane (四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid (四菇类)thiazole (噬醴)thiophene (卩塞吩)threonine (苏氨酸)torsional energy (扭转能)torsional strain (扭转张力)transition sate (过渡态)triglyceride (甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium (三屮基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid (三菇类)tryptophan (色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine (酪氨酸)uridine (尿喀唏)urea (服)urotropine (乌洛托品)valence bond method (价键学说)valine (織氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy (可见一紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B-(维生素BQWilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis (威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction (维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen (Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照A.J 反应历程(A J reaction mechanism )卩丫唳(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction) 氨基酸(amino acid)-氨基J 酸(-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)(azulene)B AC2反应历程(B AC2 reaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)班级学院苯二中酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪醴(benzimidazole)苯并U塞醴(benzothiazole)倍半?E (sesqui terpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰服(malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)()一薄荷醇(()一menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共辘效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chaicone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)B -常山碱(B -dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳坯(polynuclear aromatic compound) 稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution) 醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographo 1 i de)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)B —雌二醇(B —dihydrotheelin)酉昔酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction ) 萃取法(extraction) DDQ (2, 3—二氯一5, 6—氛基一1, 4 —苯酉昆)大黃素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophyll ine)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蔥核(monoanthracene nucleus)单菇(monot erpeno i ds)单糖(monosaccha:ride)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆當烷(cholestane)胆笛醇(cholesterol)胆笛酸(cholalic acid) 胆笛烷(cholestane) 胆笛醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point , PI) 迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction ) 狄尔斯一阿尔德(Diels-Alher) 电场扫描(electric field scan) 电性效应(electromeric effect) 电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex) 碘仿试验(iodoform test) 碘值(iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶唳(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid) 定位规则(orient at iong rule) 动力学概念(dynamical concept) 豆笛烷(stigmastane) 毒芹碱(coniine) 毒扁豆碱(physostigmine) 杜鹃酮(germacrone) 端基效应(end—group effect) 对映异构(enantiomerism) 对映体(enantiomers) 对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide) 多环芳桂(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E (entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN 规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁醴(oxazole)蔥(anthracene)蔥酚(anthrol)蔥I® (anthraquinones)蔥酮(anthrone)9-蔥酮大黃酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)〔烯桂(diene)〔氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)—.屮亚飒(dimethyl sulfoxide)—•硫基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol ):级结构(secondary structure):氢黃酮(flavanone)—.氢黃酮醇(flavanonol)"•氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二桔类(diterpenoids)番泻昔A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香绘(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aroniatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitr辻ication)E 燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳坯(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液(Fehting solution )费歇尔(E. Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚节明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪笛烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K. Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K. fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Qw( coenzyme Q10)咲喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼一科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)甘草昔(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离—.烯桂(isolated diene) 格林那试剂(Grignard reagent) 哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory) 共振杂化体(resonance hybrid) 共振结构式(resonating structure) 共轨效应(conjugative effect) 共辄体系(conjugation system) 共辄二烯烧(conjugated diene) 构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism) 构造异构(constitutional isomerism) 构型保持(configuration conservation) 构型转化(configuration inversion) 钩藤碱(rhynchophyll ine)B —谷笛醇(B —sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)M(guanidine )寡糖(o 1 igasaccharide)冠瞇(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) 核昔酸(nucleotide)核甘(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(~) -黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花昔(carthamin)红夕卜光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)榊皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环坯(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环力口成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己—•酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)a , B —环氧酸酯(a , B —cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-0-葡萄糖昔(phellamurin)黄苓素(baicalein)黄苓昔(baicalin)黃杉素(tax辻olin)黄酮(flavonoid)黃酮醇(flavonol)黃烷醇(flavanol)黃体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfan 订amide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R. Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation) 儿何异构体(geometrical isomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)(quaternary ammonium salt)W (quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季丿憐盐(quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)中孕酮(methporgestin)屮基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)屮基锂(lithium methide)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )O 键(o bond)o 键迁移反应(sigma tropic reaction)兀键(Ji bond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交义醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宇(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯桂(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔一武尔夫(Kishner-WoIff)—黃鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule) 康尼查罗(Cannizzaro )反应科尔贝(H・Kolbe)科瑞一郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H. House reaction) 可的松(cortisone) 可见一紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森一斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction) 柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitos&mine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宇(quinine)卩奎卩林(quinoline)酉昆(quinones)醍氢酿(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼银(Raney Ni )奁君碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤屮素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy) 离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step) 链状碳架(chain carbon constitution) 亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)麟叶立德(phosphorus ylide)0葬(phosphureted hydrogen)錢盐(phosphorate)麟酸(phosphonic acid )硫W(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫® (thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention)龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)ci —卵磷脂(ci —lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环绘(spiro hydrocarbon)班级学院氯乙酸屮酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角笛醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英一彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)眯基(amidino)喘唳(pyrimidine)咪卩坐(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)蔡(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso —form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)服(尿素)(urea)鸟嚓吟(guanine)尿喘唳(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction) 偶氮基(azo) 偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )浪烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration)硼氢化钠("BHJ毗哆醛(pyridoxal)毗咯(pyrrole)毗喃(pyran)毗嗪(pyrazine)毗醴(pyrazole)毗唳(pyridine)嚓吟(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e 键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素(prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心昔(cardiac glycosides)疑月亏酸(hydroximic acid )B —羟基醛(B —hydroxy aldehyde )桥环绘(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleoph订ic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解(hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡(hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocort i sone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢屮酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)块桂(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)卩塞吩(thiophene)嚏醴(thiazole)三菇(triterpenoids)三屮基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基麟(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺昔(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔一盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction) 色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronyc ine)山扁豆双覘(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18 电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的F (strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蔥核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)J顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四菇(quadruterpene)四屮基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二腺反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride :phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖昔(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)SE 类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1- 吐根碱(1-emetine)脱竣反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷绘(alkane)维生素A (vitamin A)维生素By (vitamin B1:)维生素Ki、K: (vitamin K】、K2 )维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黃碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(W订liamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R. B. Woodward)武兹反应(A. Wurtz reaction)烯怪(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ' s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轨效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G・ Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺U票吟(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小漿碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)織氨酸(valine)()—新薄荷醇[()—neomentholJ兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺唏唳(thymine) 12-15休克尔规则(HUckel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome )亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)徉. 盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蔥酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)—野白合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1 —乙烘基环戊醇(1 —ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ; ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异kT草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(i s orhynchophy lline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁醴(isoxazole)异嚏醴(isothiazole)异月青(月卡)(isonitrile)异唾咻(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)即三酮(ninhydrin )“引口朵(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge; grease; lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)莺尾昔(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z (Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)笛体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(sapon辻ication reaction)皂化值(s&pon辻ication value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸镭法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)月旨环桂(alicyclic hydrocarbon: cycloalkane) 直立键(a 键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮中烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自山基链反应(free radical chain reaction)B —紫罗兰酮(P — ionone )组氨酸(histidine)。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism(对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end-group effect(端基效应)entgegen(E,相反之意)energy of activation(活化能)enzyme(酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation(环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid(必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction(萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应)Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应)reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架)F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)galactose (半乳糖) ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) (±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection(纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration(硝化反应)nitro compound(硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound(非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon(非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent(亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide(寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction(欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐) oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷)phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )组氨酸(histidine)。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素)A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin—type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅—克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β—氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物) aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A。

有机化学术语中英文对照

有机化学术语中英文对照

有机化学术语中英文对照SANY 标准化小组#QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN# 1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团functiona 1 group 双键doublebond三键triplebond坯基hydroxyl group琉基mercapto硫轻基sulfhydrylgroup 拨基carbonylgroup氨基aminogroup亚氨基iminogroup硝基nitrogroup亚硝基nitrosogroup氧基cyanogroup竣基carboxylgroup磺基sulphogroup烷基alkyl group苯基phenylgroup卡基benzylgroup芳基arylgroup烯基allylgroup烷氧基alkox^dgroup酰基acylgroup活性亚甲基activemethvlenegroup2.有机化合物的类型姪hydrocarbon石蜡paraffin月旨肪姪aliphatichvdrocarbon烷桂alkane烯桂alkene烘怪alkyne共扼二烯桂conjugateddiene月旨坏姪alicyclichvdrocarbon螺环化合物spirocompound桥坏化合物bridgedringcompound芳炷aromatichvdrocarbon非苯芳炷nonbenzenoidaromatichvdrocarbon 稠环芳炷condensedaromatics卤代姪haloh^^drocarbon醇alcohol酚phenol醯ether环氧化合物epoxide冠醯crownether硫醇thiol硫酚thiophenol硫醯sulfide二硫化物disulfide亚磺酸sulfinicacid磺酸sulfonicacid亚飒sulfoxide砚sulfone醛aldehyde酮ketone半缩醛hemiacetal半缩酮hemiketal缩醛acetal缩酮ketal西佛碱shiff,sbase月亏oxime腺hydrozone缩氨AR semicarbazonea , B -不饱和酮 a , B --unsaturatedketone 醍quinone竣酸carboxylicacid酰卤acidhalide酸肝acidanhydride酯ester酰胺amide内酯lactone内酰胺lactam月青nit rile取代酸substitutedacid疑基酸hydroxy acid醇酸alcoholicacid酚酸phenolicacid酮酸ketoacidB-酮酸酯B-ketoneester乙酰乙酸乙醋ethylacetoacetate 亚硝基化合物nitrosocompound 硝基化合物njtrocompound亚胺imine胺amine伯胺primaryamine仲胺secondarvamine叔胺tertiaryamine季按盐quatemaryammoniumsaIt 季镀碱quaternaryammoniunihydroxicle 重氮盐diazoniumsaIt 偶氮化合物azocompoundJM guanidine氨基酸aminoacid磷phosphine磷酸酯phosphate亚磷酸酯phosphite 麟酸酯phosphonate 麟酸phosphonicacid3.杂环化合物毗咯pyrrol咲喃furane嗟吩thiophone口引喙indoleII卜吩porphine咪I坐imidazole嗟I坐thioazole 毗噪pyridine 卩奎卩林quinoline 异睫唯isoquinoline毗喃鎔盐pyryliumsalts黄酮flavone喘噪pirimidine卩票吟purine4.有机天然产物肽peptide多肽polypeptide核酸nucleicacid核昔nucleoside核昔酸nucleotide生物碱alkaloid碳水化合物carbohydrate单糖monosaccharide醛糖aldoses酮糖ketosesD-核糖riboseD-2-脱氧核糖deoxyribose 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose 糖豚osazone糖昔glucoside低聚糖oligosaccharide 麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose纤维二糖cellobiose环糊精cyclodextrin多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch纤维素cellulose类脂lipid砧类化合物terpenoid笛族化合物steroid脂肪fat油。

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

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1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxyl group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱shiff’s base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β—-unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B—ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism(对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end-group effect(端基效应)entgegen(E,相反之意)energy of activation(活化能)enzyme(酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation(环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid(必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction(萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应) Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应) reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架) F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)galactose (半乳糖) ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) (±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection(纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration(硝化反应)nitro compound(硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound(非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon(非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent(亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide(寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction(欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐) oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷) phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素)A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin—type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β—aminobutyric acid(β—氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚)aromatic compound(芳香性化合物) aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃) aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子)atomic orbital(原子轨道)A。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism(对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end-group effect(端基效应)entgegen(E,相反之意)energy of activation(活化能)enzyme(酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation(环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid(必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction(萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应)Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应)reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架)F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)galactose (半乳糖) ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) (±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection(纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration(硝化反应)nitro compound(硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound(非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon(非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent(亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide(寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction(欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐) oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷)phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )组氨酸(histidine)。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素)A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin—type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅—克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物) aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子)atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对)benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史) beta—pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架) chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段) chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9—anthrone (9—蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应) cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应)decarboxylation(脱羧反应)delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能)delocalized electron(离域电子) delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物)diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮)β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E。

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asymmetric synthesis
Hale Waihona Puke conformational isomerism
conformational analysis
perspective formula
Newman projection formula
超共轭作用 hyperconjugation
离域能 delocalization energy
resonance energy
electron donating group
electron withdrawing group
aromaticity
Huckel's rule
vinylogy
缩合 condensation
Claisen condensation
benzoin condensation
羟醛缩合 aldol condensation
Reformatsky reaction
alkene
alkyne
conjugated diene
alicyclic hydrocarbon
spiro compound
bridged ring compound
aromatic hydrocarbon
nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon
pyrylium salts
flavone
pirimidine
purine
有机天然产物
peptide
polypeptide
nucleic acid
nucleoside
nucleotide
alkaloid
carbohydrate
transesterification
decarboxylation
chloromethylation
-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction
Grignard reaction
(格氏试剂) Grignard reagent
路易斯式 Lewis formula
σ键 σ bond
π键 π bond
键能 bond energy
键角 bond angle
键长 bond Iength
成键轨道 bonding orbital
反键轨道 antibonding orbital
最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital
center of symmetry
axis of symmetry
chirality
chiral molecules
,对映体 enantiomer
diastereomer
raceme
erythro
threo
racemization
resolution
Optical Purity
enantiomeric excess
stereospecific reaction
stereoselective reaction
Markovnikov rule
conjugate addition
elemination reaction
Saytzeff rule
Hofmann rule
hydroboration
catalytic hydrogenation
leveisomer
dextroisomer
mesomer
Fischer projection
relative configuration
absolute configuration
构型 R -configuration
构型 S -configuration
反式 trans
对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构
optical isomerism
optical activity
optical rotation
specific rotation
plane of symmetry
叔胺 tertiary amine
季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt
季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide
diazonium salt
azo compound
guanidine
amino acid
phosphine
imino group
nitro group
nitroso group
cyano group
carboxyl group
sulpho group
alkyl group
phenyl group
benzyl group
有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团
functional group
double bond
triple bond
hydroxyl group
mercapto
sulfhydryl group
carbonyl group
amino group
polymerization
monomer
polymer
nitration
halogenation
sulfonation
alkylation
acylation
esterification
phenolic acid
keto acid
酮酸酯 B-ketone ester
ethyl acetoacetate
nitroso compound
njtro compound
imine
amine
伯胺 primary amine
仲胺 secondary amine
condensed aromatics
halohydrocarbon
alcohol
phenol
ether
epoxide
crown ether
thiol
thiophenol
sulfide
disulfide
sulfinic acid
sulfonic acid
chair form
boat form
a键 axial bond
e键 equatorial bond
tautomerism
keto-form
sulfoxide
sulfone
aldehyde
ketone
hemiacetaI
hemiketal
acetal
ketal
shiff's base
oxime
hydrozone
semicarbazone
,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone
quinone
carboxylic acid
acid halide
acid anhydride
ester
amide
lactone
lactam
nitrile
substituted acid
hydroxy acid
alcoholic acid
phosphate
phosphite
phosphonate
phosphonic acid
杂环化合物
pyrrol
furane
thiophone
indole
porphine
imidazole
thioazole
pyridine
quinoline
isoquinoline
-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction
haloform reaction
hydrolysis reaction
alcoholysis reaction
ammonolysisi reaction
saponification
构型异构 configurational isomerism
顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism
次序规则 sequence ruIe
同侧 Zugammen Z
异侧 Entgegen E
顺式 cis
Zwitterion
有机化学中的同分异构
异构体 isomer
构造 constitution
构型 configuration
构象 conformation
构造异构 constitutional isomerism
立体异构 stereo isomerism
monosaccharide
aldoses
ketoses
核糖 ribose
脱氧核糖 deoxyribose
glucose
fructose
osazone
glucoside
oligosaccharide
aryl group
allyl group
alkoxyl group
acyl group
active methylene group
有机化合物的类型
hydrocarbon
paraffin
aliphatic hydrocarbon
alkane
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