高中英语人教版：必修一+非谓语动词语法讲义+Word版

非谓语动词

一、什么？

非谓语就是指不能做谓语的动词。

非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。

一、不定式：

基本构成：to+动词原形否定：not/never+不定式

动词不定式的一些形式变化（以do为例）

用法：

A. 做主语

1. 放句首

To see is to believe. 眼见为实

没有准时到哪里是我的错

2.为使句子保持平衡，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后

B. 做宾语

1. 跟在动词后面：

wish（希望）hope（希望）plan（计划）expect（期待）等

2. 跟在形容词后面：

able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager等。

C. 做宾补

不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。形式：

1. 谓语动词+sb/sth to do sth

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force等。

我们决不允许这样的事情再发生。

2.省略to

一、feel, see, watch,observe, hear, notice

我昨天听到他们在唱歌。I heard them sing yesterday.

二、make, let, have

他希望做什么就让他做好了。

D. 做状语

不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。

1 表示目的

我省钱为了买一台电脑。I’m saving money to buy a computer.

2 表示结果

My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.

(Only to do sth) 表示出乎意料He got to the station only to find the train had gone.

3 表示原因

I am very glad to see you.

4 表示条件

To have a talk with him, you would like him.

5:表程度

He was too excited to say a work.

He is old enough to go to school

E. 做表语

他的愿望是做一个老师。

F：做定语

1: 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面需要相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable room to live in

但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果的time, place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。

He had no place to live (in)

2：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式既可以是主动语态，也可用被动语态，但是含义略有不同。Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

二、动词ing

构成：V-ing 否定：not V-ing

用法：

A.做主语

Seeing is believing.

B.做宾语

a. 只能-ing做宾语的

b. -ing 和不定式都可以做宾语的动词

★有些动词，如hate, love, prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。

They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.

★有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。

1. forget forget to do forget doing

典型例题—— The light in the office is still on. —— Oh, I forgot ___.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

2 stop stop to do stop doing

典型例题She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

3 remember/forget/regret remember to do remember doing

记着放学后去趟邮局。

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

典型例题---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A.to do

B. to be doing

C.to have done

D.having done

5.try try to do try doing

你可要多加小心。

我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。