高中英语人教版：必修一+非谓语动词语法讲义+Word版

非谓语动词一、什么？非谓语就是指不能做谓语的动词。

非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。

一、不定式：基本构成：to+动词原形否定：not/never+不定式动词不定式的一些形式变化（以do为例）用法：A. 做主语1. 放句首To see is to believe. 眼见为实没有准时到哪里是我的错2.为使句子保持平衡，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后B. 做宾语1. 跟在动词后面：wish（希望）hope（希望）plan（计划）expect（期待）等2. 跟在形容词后面：able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager等。

C. 做宾补不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。

在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。

形式：1. 谓语动词+sb/sth to do sthadvise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force等。

我们决不允许这样的事情再发生。

2.省略to一、feel, see, watch,observe, hear, notice我昨天听到他们在唱歌。

I heard them sing yesterday.二、make, let, have他希望做什么就让他做好了。

D. 做状语不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。

1 表示目的我省钱为了买一台电脑。

I’m saving money to buy a computer.2 表示结果My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.(Only to do sth) 表示出乎意料He got to the station only to find the train had gone.3 表示原因I am very glad to see you.4 表示条件To have a talk with him, you would like him.5:表程度He was too excited to say a work.He is old enough to go to schoolE. 做表语他的愿望是做一个老师。

F：做定语1: 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面需要相应的介词。

The Browns have a comfortable room to live in但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果的time, place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。

He had no place to live (in)2：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式既可以是主动语态，也可用被动语态，但是含义略有不同。

Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?二、动词ing构成：V-ing 否定：not V-ing用法：A.做主语Seeing is believing.B.做宾语a. 只能-ing做宾语的b. -ing 和不定式都可以做宾语的动词★有些动词，如hate, love, prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。

They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.★有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同。

1. forget forget to do forget doing典型例题—— The light in the office is still on. —— Oh, I forgot ___.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off2 stop stop to do stop doing典型例题She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest3 remember/forget/regret remember to do remember doing记着放学后去趟邮局。

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?典型例题---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.---Well, now I regret ___ that.A.to doB. to be doingC.to have doneD.having done5.try try to do try doing你可要多加小心。

我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

6.go on go on to do go on doing做完数学后，他接着去做物理7 mean to doing/to do mean to do mean doingI mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.8 begin(start) doing/to do1. 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.你几岁时开始弹钢琴？how old were you when you first started playing the piano.2. begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do我开始生起气来。

I was beginning to get angry.3. 在begin,start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。

我开始明白真相。

I begin to understand the truth9: can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮助做某事Can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事c.介词后面加动词-ingJason aims at becoming an astronaut.Please excuse me for being late.We like his way of teaching English.C. 做宾补动词-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。

We heard the children shouting upstairs.I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.D. 做状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。

动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1表示时间。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.2表示原因Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.3表示结果。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.4表示条件。

Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.5表示让步。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.E. 做表语Seeing is believing.F. 做定语(动名词)①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

a reading room 阅览室running shoes 跑鞋 a working method 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

developing countries 发展中国家an ordinary-looking house 看起来很普通的房子三、动词-ed 构成：动词-ed 否定：not/never +动词-ed动词－ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。

绝大部分的动词-ed形式由动词原形扣－ed构成，也有一些动词－ed形式是不规则的。

用法：A. 做表语：动词－ed形式在系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。

The students are fully prepared.When we got there, the shop was closed.B. 做宾补１在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find等后作宾语补足语。

I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night.２在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。

①动词-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。

Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.②动词-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。

He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.③动词-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。

They all went home, leaving all the work undone.The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night.C. 做定语动词-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。