2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国全解析课件：专题2 代词 精品
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
解析：句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火 堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示“两者中另一 个”，用the other ...。
8.(2015·四川高考，10)Niki is always full of ideas, but ___n_o_n_e__ is useful to my knowledge.
(1)指示代词this和that的区别 this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指 前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. That's why he didn't come.
解析：句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英wenku.baidu.com的 不是非常的不同。that特指前文中出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。
5.(2015·浙江高考，12)How would you like ____i_t___ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？
解析：由空格处所在句子的主语I可知应用反身代词 作宾语。
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ____it_s___ (it) mother.
(5)few, a few, little与a little的用法
6．it的用法 (1)it作形式主语或宾语：it作形式主语或宾语时， 真正 的主语或宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或由that引导的主 语或宾语从句，把真正的主语或宾语移到句后。 It is a good habit to do morning exercises. It is a pity that you didn't see such a good film.
5．常用不定代词用法辨析 (1)some, any, one和it
(2)another, other, the other, others, the others的用法
(3)all, both, either, each, neither和every的用法
(4)none, no one, nothing与no的用法 ①none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常 用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句；no one只能指人， 且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who引导的疑问句； nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what引导 的疑问句。 —How many students are there in the classroom now? —None. —Who is in the classroom? —No one./Nobody.
二、重要代词的用法 1．人称代词的指代问题 (1)不定代词anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one及whoever和person在正式场合使 用时，可用he, him代替。如Nobody knows it, does he?
(2)人称代词并列的排列顺序。 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称＋ 第三人称＋第一人称。 You, he and I are fond of music. 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称＋第二 人称＋第三人称。 We, you and they are all good citizens.
(2)如果不是表示强调， but, except, for等介词后的宾语 用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。
No one but myself/me is hurt. 4．指示代词 常用的有this, that, these, those, such, so, the same等。具 有形容词和代词两种词性，在句中可以作定语、主语、宾 语或表语等。
(4)the same ... as “与……一样的”(不是同一个)；the same ... that (指同一个)
This is the same watch as I lost. (相似的，但不是同一块 手表)
This is the same watch that I lost.(是丢失的那块手表)
解析：句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时 有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？ 固定表达how would you like it if ...，在此结构中it作形式宾 语代替后面if从句的内容。
6.(2015·重庆高考，2)The meeting will be held in September, but __n_o_b_o_d_y_ knows the date for sure.
第二编 语法突破
专题二 代词
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，67)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____it____ every day.
2．物主代词 表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词，可分为形容词性 物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在名词前 作定语；名词性物主代词作句子的主语、宾语和表语。 Mr Wang is my English teacher. (定语) —Whose mobile phone is this? —It's mine. (表语) I've finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (宾 语)
解析：句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体 日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody “没有 人”符合句意。
7.(2015·陕西高考，13)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ___o_th_e_r__.
___y_o_u_r_→__m_y_________________________________
解析：根据前半句This picture often brings back to me 可知应将your改为my。
一、代词的分类 代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代 词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代 词等。
②none后面可加of引导的介词短语，而 something/anything/everything/nothing; someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。
③no＝not any，在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数 名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。
There is no water on the moon. (定语) None of them knows the story. (主语) I know none of them. (宾语)
3.反身代词 反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等。 (1)有些动词如dress, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等常用反身代词作宾语，表示动作回 到执行者本身。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fruit. I could not dress (myself) up at that time. Please allow me to introduce myself first.
(3)so的用法 动词think, say, hear, do, hope, believe, expect, fear, be afraid等后，常用so替代上文提到的内容或情况。 —The new English teacher is very strict. —Yes, I think so. —Will it be fine tomorrow? —I hope so.
注意：在口语中，this和that可用作副词来修饰形容 词，以表示程度。
I didn't realize it was going to be this far. (＝as far as this) If your friend is that clever, why isn't he rich? (2)such用法 such一般在句中作定语和主语；在作定语时，它所修 饰的名词前的不定冠词a(n)应放在such之后；而such在与不 定代词no, some, any, several, many, little, few, all等连用时， 放在它们的后面。
解析：句意：这个研究组基于调查制作了两个报告， 但是两个都未含有有用的建议。根据句意，表示“两者都 不”，用neither。
10.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
解析：句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想 法对我的知识有用。表示三者或三者以上的否定用none， 可指人也可指物。
9.(2015·福建高考，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but __n_e_it_h_er__ contained any useful suggestions.
解析： it在这里指代句子的主语the railway。
2.(2017·浙江高考，59)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _m__y_s_el_f__ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
注意：so还可以用于以下句型中作替代词： ①so＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词＋主语 ②so＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词 ③主语＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词＋so —She bought a computer. —So did I. —He will go to Hangzhou for a holiday tomorrow. —So he will. The teacher asked us to read the text and we did so.
Such a great number of people died because the earthquake happened while they were sleeping.
Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
解析：根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用物主代词作定语。
4.(2016·浙江高考，3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____th_a_t__ in the UK.
8.(2015·四川高考，10)Niki is always full of ideas, but ___n_o_n_e__ is useful to my knowledge.
(1)指示代词this和that的区别 this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指 前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. That's why he didn't come.
解析：句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英wenku.baidu.com的 不是非常的不同。that特指前文中出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。
5.(2015·浙江高考，12)How would you like ____i_t___ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？
解析：由空格处所在句子的主语I可知应用反身代词 作宾语。
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ____it_s___ (it) mother.
(5)few, a few, little与a little的用法
6．it的用法 (1)it作形式主语或宾语：it作形式主语或宾语时， 真正 的主语或宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或由that引导的主 语或宾语从句，把真正的主语或宾语移到句后。 It is a good habit to do morning exercises. It is a pity that you didn't see such a good film.
5．常用不定代词用法辨析 (1)some, any, one和it
(2)another, other, the other, others, the others的用法
(3)all, both, either, each, neither和every的用法
(4)none, no one, nothing与no的用法 ①none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常 用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句；no one只能指人， 且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who引导的疑问句； nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what引导 的疑问句。 —How many students are there in the classroom now? —None. —Who is in the classroom? —No one./Nobody.
二、重要代词的用法 1．人称代词的指代问题 (1)不定代词anybody, everybody, nobody, anyone, someone, everyone, no one及whoever和person在正式场合使 用时，可用he, him代替。如Nobody knows it, does he?
(2)人称代词并列的排列顺序。 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称＋ 第三人称＋第一人称。 You, he and I are fond of music. 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称＋第二 人称＋第三人称。 We, you and they are all good citizens.
(2)如果不是表示强调， but, except, for等介词后的宾语 用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。
No one but myself/me is hurt. 4．指示代词 常用的有this, that, these, those, such, so, the same等。具 有形容词和代词两种词性，在句中可以作定语、主语、宾 语或表语等。
(4)the same ... as “与……一样的”(不是同一个)；the same ... that (指同一个)
This is the same watch as I lost. (相似的，但不是同一块 手表)
This is the same watch that I lost.(是丢失的那块手表)
解析：句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时 有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？ 固定表达how would you like it if ...，在此结构中it作形式宾 语代替后面if从句的内容。
6.(2015·重庆高考，2)The meeting will be held in September, but __n_o_b_o_d_y_ knows the date for sure.
第二编 语法突破
专题二 代词
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，67)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____it____ every day.
2．物主代词 表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词，可分为形容词性 物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在名词前 作定语；名词性物主代词作句子的主语、宾语和表语。 Mr Wang is my English teacher. (定语) —Whose mobile phone is this? —It's mine. (表语) I've finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (宾 语)
解析：句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体 日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody “没有 人”符合句意。
7.(2015·陕西高考，13)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ___o_th_e_r__.
___y_o_u_r_→__m_y_________________________________
解析：根据前半句This picture often brings back to me 可知应将your改为my。
一、代词的分类 代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代 词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代 词等。
②none后面可加of引导的介词短语，而 something/anything/everything/nothing; someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。
③no＝not any，在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数 名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。
There is no water on the moon. (定语) None of them knows the story. (主语) I know none of them. (宾语)
3.反身代词 反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等。 (1)有些动词如dress, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等常用反身代词作宾语，表示动作回 到执行者本身。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fruit. I could not dress (myself) up at that time. Please allow me to introduce myself first.
(3)so的用法 动词think, say, hear, do, hope, believe, expect, fear, be afraid等后，常用so替代上文提到的内容或情况。 —The new English teacher is very strict. —Yes, I think so. —Will it be fine tomorrow? —I hope so.
注意：在口语中，this和that可用作副词来修饰形容 词，以表示程度。
I didn't realize it was going to be this far. (＝as far as this) If your friend is that clever, why isn't he rich? (2)such用法 such一般在句中作定语和主语；在作定语时，它所修 饰的名词前的不定冠词a(n)应放在such之后；而such在与不 定代词no, some, any, several, many, little, few, all等连用时， 放在它们的后面。
解析：句意：这个研究组基于调查制作了两个报告， 但是两个都未含有有用的建议。根据句意，表示“两者都 不”，用neither。
10.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
解析：句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想 法对我的知识有用。表示三者或三者以上的否定用none， 可指人也可指物。
9.(2015·福建高考，21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but __n_e_it_h_er__ contained any useful suggestions.
解析： it在这里指代句子的主语the railway。
2.(2017·浙江高考，59)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _m__y_s_el_f__ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
注意：so还可以用于以下句型中作替代词： ①so＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词＋主语 ②so＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词 ③主语＋助动词/情态动词/连系动词＋so —She bought a computer. —So did I. —He will go to Hangzhou for a holiday tomorrow. —So he will. The teacher asked us to read the text and we did so.
Such a great number of people died because the earthquake happened while they were sleeping.
Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
解析：根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用物主代词作定语。
4.(2016·浙江高考，3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____th_a_t__ in the UK.