外国文化练习题
欧洲文化复习题答案
欧洲文化复习题答案一、选择题1. 欧洲文艺复兴起源于哪个国家？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 德国D. 英国答案：B2. 以下哪位作曲家不属于浪漫主义时期？A. 贝多芬B. 柴可夫斯基C. 莫扎特D. 肖邦答案：C3. 欧洲的哪个城市被誉为“艺术之都”？A. 巴黎B. 罗马C. 维也纳D. 阿姆斯特丹答案：A4. 以下哪个节日起源于欧洲？A. 圣诞节B. 中秋节C. 泼水节D. 感恩节答案：A5. 欧洲哪个国家以其独特的建筑风格“哥特式”著称？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 西班牙D. 英国答案：A二、填空题6. 欧洲的______时期是文化和艺术的黄金时代，许多著名的艺术家和作家在这一时期涌现。
答案：文艺复兴7. 欧洲的______被誉为现代科学之父，他的发现对科学革命有着深远的影响。
答案：伽利略8. 欧洲的______是中世纪欧洲最大的宗教建筑之一，也是哥特式建筑的代表。
答案：巴黎圣母院9. 欧洲的______是现代奥林匹克运动会的发源地，每四年举办一次。
答案：希腊10. 欧洲的______是世界著名的音乐之都，每年都会举办各种音乐节。
答案：维也纳三、简答题11. 简述欧洲中世纪的封建制度。
答案：欧洲中世纪的封建制度是一种基于土地的权力和义务关系。
领主拥有土地，而农民则在领主的土地上耕作，并向领主提供劳役和税收。
这种制度形成了一种等级分明的社会结构。
12. 描述欧洲文化中对个人主义的重视。
答案：欧洲文化强调个人自由、独立和创造力。
个人主义在欧洲文化中表现为尊重个人的权利和选择，鼓励个人发展和自我实现。
这种文化背景促进了艺术、科学和哲学的繁荣。
四、论述题13. 论述欧洲文化对世界文化的影响。
答案：欧洲文化对世界文化产生了深远的影响。
从文艺复兴时期的艺术和文学，到启蒙时代的哲学思想，再到现代科学的发展，欧洲文化在艺术、哲学、科学等多个领域都为世界文化的发展做出了重要贡献。
此外，欧洲的民主政治制度、法律体系和教育模式也对全球产生了广泛的影响。
西方文化入门复习题
西方文化入门复习题填空题1. The earliest civilization in Greece was the Cretan Civilization, also known as the Minoan Civilization.2. At the end of Mycenaean civilization, the Trojan War broke out.3. In the 6th Century B.C. the city of Sparta gained greater control of Peloponnesus by organizing an alliance of almost all the Peloponnesian states.4. The Persian wars, which were between Greek states and Persia, ended with The Battle of Marathon.5. In Greek mythology, the Olympian gods include Zeus, Hestia, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hera, and other six gods.6. One of the features of Greek mythology is that gods resembled humans.7. Plato was Socrates’ student and the author of The Republic.8. The Senate was a political institution started from ancient Rome and still part of the parliaments in some western countries.9. The first Triumvirate of Rome included Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.10. The capital city of Byzantine Empire was Constantinople.11. The exiled Jews systematically recomposed their legends and manuscripts into the book Talmud.12. The Bible of Judaism is the same as the New Testament of Christianity.13. Christianity became the sole official religion of the Roman Empire in 392 AD under the emperor Theodosius.14. Christianity has broken up into several factions, principally the Roman Catholicism, the Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Protestantism.15. After the destruction of Roman Empire in 476, Europe entered the Middle Ages, which lasted about a thousand years or so and was dominated by Germanic people whom the Romans had called savage.16. In the 7th Century, Muhammad, an Arabian merchant, founded the religion of Islam.17. The most striking feature of Renaissance was doubtless the flourishing of humanism, which was exemplified by the developments in science, religion,philosophy, literature, art, and education.18. The two leaders of religious reformation in 16th century were Martin Luther in Germany and John Calvin in France.19. Renaissance art was represented by three towering figures: da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.20. The Enlightenment, which is generally agreed to have originated in France, marked the beginning of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.21. The most important book of the French philosopher Rousseau was The Social Contract which argued against the idea that monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate and theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society.简答题1. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture?2. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification?3. What are the main components of Christianity?4. Why the Byzantine Empire could stay much longer than the Western Roman Empire?5. What are the major achievements of the Renaissance?6. Briefly introduce two representative figures of the Enlightenment and their central ideas.。
九年级英语文化传统介绍练习题40题
九年级英语文化传统介绍练习题40题1.In the UK, people often have a big meal on _____.A.Thanksgiving DayB.Christmas DayC.HalloweenD.Easter答案：B。
在英国，人们通常在圣诞节吃一顿丰盛的大餐。
选项A 感恩节是美国的重要节日，在英国不是很隆重。
选项C 万圣节主要是化妆、要糖果等活动，不是以吃大餐为主。
选项D 复活节主要有复活节彩蛋等活动，也不是以吃大餐为主。
2.Which of the following is a traditional British sport?A.BaseballB.FootballC.BasketballD.V olleyball答案：B。
足球是英国的传统运动。
选项 A 棒球主要是美国、日本等国家流行。
选项 C 篮球起源于美国。
选项 D 排球也是在世界范围内流行，但不是英国传统运动。
3.In Britain, when people meet for the first time, they usually _____.A.hugB.kiss on the cheekC.shake handsD.bow答案：C。
在英国，人们初次见面通常握手。
选项A 拥抱在英国不是初次见面的常见方式。
选项B 亲吻脸颊在英国不是普遍的初次见面礼仪。
选项D 鞠躬不是英国的常见见面礼仪。
4.What is the traditional British afternoon tea usually served with?A.Coffee and cakesB.Tea and biscuitsk and breadD.Water and fruits答案：B。
英国传统的下午茶通常配有茶和饼干。
选项A 咖啡和蛋糕不是传统下午茶的搭配。
选项C 牛奶和面包不是下午茶的搭配。
选项D 水和水果也不是传统下午茶的搭配。
美国文化练习题
美国文化练习题美国是一个多元文化的国家，拥有丰富多样的文化特点。
下面是一些美国文化练习题，让我们一起来了解一下吧！题目一：美国的国庆节是哪一天？答案：美国的国庆节是每年的7月4日。
这一天庆祝美国独立宣言签署的纪念日，人们会举行各种庆祝活动，如焰火、游行等。
题目二：美国最受欢迎的体育项目是什么？答案：美国最受欢迎的体育项目是美式足球（American Football）。
它是一项以肌肉对抗为主要特点的体育运动，其竞技水平和观赏性都非常高。
题目三：美国最大的城市是哪个？答案：美国最大的城市是纽约市（New York City）。
作为一个全球性的重要城市，纽约市不仅是金融、商业和文化中心，还有着丰富的历史和多元文化。
题目四：美国最受欢迎的音乐风格是什么？答案：美国最受欢迎的音乐风格是流行音乐（Pop Music）。
美国是全球音乐产业的领头羊，许多知名的流行歌手和乐团都来自美国。
题目五：美国的国花是什么？答案：美国的国花是玫瑰（Rose）。
玫瑰被认为是爱情和美的象征，它也是美国各州花中的代表之一。
题目六：美国最有名的电影奖项是什么？答案：美国最有名的电影奖项是奥斯卡金像奖（Academy Awards）。
奥斯卡金像奖是世界上最具影响力的电影奖项之一，每年由美国电影艺术与科学学院颁发。
题目七：美国最长的河流是什么？答案：美国最长的河流是密西西比河（Mississippi River）。
它全长约3,730公里，是美国重要的内河航道和水资源。
题目八：美国最高的建筑是哪座？答案：美国最高的建筑是纽约的自由女神像（Statue of Liberty）。
自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物，它象征着自由和民主。
题目九：美国最有名的节日是什么？答案：美国最有名的节日是感恩节（Thanksgiving）。
感恩节是美国人民表达感激之情的重要节日，人们会与家人和朋友共进丰盛的晚餐，并给予对彼此的感激。
题目十：美国最受欢迎的旅游景点是哪里？答案：美国最受欢迎的旅游景点是大峡谷（Grand Canyon）。
外国文学史复习试题和参考答案
外国文学史复习试题和参考答案题目：外国文学史复习试题及参考答案一、选择题1、下列哪一部作品属于中古欧洲文学？ A. 《哈克贝利·费恩的历险》 B. 《神曲》 C. 《老人与海》 D. 《悲惨世界》答案：B. 《神曲》2、下列哪位作家被认为是英国文学中的“人文主义”代表？ A. 莎士比亚 B. 乔叟 C. 拜伦 D. 奥斯汀答案：B. 乔叟3、下列哪一部作品是阿拉伯文学的代表作？ A. 《唐璜》 B. 《一千零一夜》 C. 《霍乱时期的爱情》 D. 《罪与罚》答案：B. 《一千零一夜》二、简答题4、请简述古希腊三大悲剧作家及其代表作品。
答案：古希腊三大悲剧作家分别是埃斯库罗斯、欧里庇得斯和索福克勒斯。
埃斯库罗斯的代表作品是《被缚的普罗米修斯》，欧里庇得斯的代表作品是《美狄亚》，索福克勒斯的代表作品是《俄狄浦斯王》。
41、请阐述文艺复兴时期英国文学的主要特点和代表作品。
答案：文艺复兴时期英国文学的主要特点是人文主义和现实主义。
代表作品包括莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》，以及乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》。
411、请阐述法国新古典主义文学的主要特点和代表作品。
答案：法国新古典主义文学的主要特点是理性、规范和高雅。
代表作品包括高乃依的《熙德》，以及拉辛的《安德洛玛刻》和《贝蕾妮丝》。
三、论述题7、请论述欧洲现代主义文学的主要特点及其代表作家和作品。
答案：欧洲现代主义文学的主要特点是反传统、追求新颖形式，以及注重个人内心感受。
代表作家包括卡夫卡、乔伊斯、普鲁斯特和托马斯·曼。
卡夫卡的代表作品是《变形记》，乔伊斯的代表作品是《尤利西斯》和《芬尼根的守灵夜》，普鲁斯特的代表作品是《追忆似水年华》，托马斯·曼的代表作品是《魔山》。
71、请论述比较古代东方文学和欧洲文学的特点和差异。
答案：古代东方文学，如古埃及、古巴比伦、古印度和古中国等，多以神话、传说和寓言为题材，强调道德教诲和政治寓意，风格和谐、含蓄。
西方文化习题汇总
Chapter One Culture in Ancient GreeceMultiple choices:1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2.In _______ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B.C.D. The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras9. ________ is the major foundation in the Western culture and makes a powerful impact on the development of human civilization.A. Ancient European cultureB. Ancient Greek cultureC. Ancient Chinese cultureD. Ancient Egyptian culture10. Greek culture can date back to____.A. the Neolithic AgeB. the Bronze AgeC. the Stone and Bronze AgeD. the Old Stone Age11. Mycenaean culture was influenced the most by Cretan culture on ____.A. farmingB. handicraft and tradeC. religionD. philosophy12. The Trojan War broke out at the end of ____.A. the Heroic AgeB. the Golden AgeC. the Cretan CivilizationD. the Mycenaean Civilization13. The first Olympiad began in the ____ period of the Golden Age.A. archaicB. centralC. dependentD. dark14. ____was called “the first citizen of Athens” by Thucydides and in his reign the slave-based democracy politics in Athens reached its peak.A. Justinian IB. CleonC. PericlesD. Ptolemy15. ____established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Heraclitus16. Herodotus, father of Greek history, focused on describing the war between _____in his book, The Histories.A. Thebes and SpartaB. Persia and SyracuseC. Athens and SpartaD. Greeks and PersiansTrue of false question.(1) The play Oedipus at Colonus was written by Aristophanes. F(2) Greek philosophy started with Aristotle. F(3) The famous bronze sculpture of athletes, Discus Thrower, was created by Myron. T(4) Euclid discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere. F(5) The chief Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. TShort answer questionsHow did the ancient Greek Civilization develop in its long history?Firstly, early period of Greek Civilization: the development of Cretan and Mycenaean Civilization. Secondly, with the development of economy, many city-states were founded. Aristocratic rulers were trying to proceed their reforms in politics and legislations, which led to the prosperity of Greek Civilization. Last, after two wars, Greek Civilization came to its end.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age, and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology, Greek philosophy started with Thales who believed that the material world originated in water. The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning. Literary representation centered round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey.Chapter Two Culture in Ancient RomeMultiple choices:1.Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of _____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which hadlasted about 1200 years throughout.A. Roman RepublicB. ByzantiumC. Pax RomanaD. Seven Hill Ally2.____ were the twins, the founders of Rome in the history.A. Octavian and CaesarB. Caesar and RemusC. Romulus and RemusD. Romulus and Octavian3.____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.A. CaesarB. OctavianC. RemusD. Pompey4.The First Triumvirate consisted of ____.A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, SullaB. Pompey, Crassus, CleopatraC. Pompey, Crassus, Julius CaesarD. Octavian, Brutus, Marius5.Punic wars are a series of wars between Rome and ____.A. GreekB. SicilyC. SpainD. Carthage6.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius Cicero7.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB. The PantheonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard8.The Law of the Twelve Tables was inscribed in _____.A.450 BCB. 200 BCC. 40 BCD. 400 BC9.The Italian poet Dante regarded _____ as his teacher in The Divine Comedy.A.VirgilB. HoraceC. OvidD. Chaucer10.In _____ the Romans conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B.C.C. 146 B.C.D. the 5th centuryTrue of false question.(1) In ancient Rome, freed slaves could become Roman citizen without any restrictions on their legal rights. F(2) All free-born citizens could get married in Roman society. F(3) All Romans got their daily needs from war ravages and looting in other defeated countries or areas. F(4) In Roman society, women had more chances to do some social activities than those in the East. T(5) The Romans usually entertained at the risk of slaves’ lives. T(6) All Roman citizens were allowed to vote on laws or on the decision of who were to be leaders. F(7) After Civil War, Roman entered the Pax Romana, the longest period of peace in Rome. T(8) The first Trumvirate was a formal one consisting of Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. F(9) In Rome, Stoicism and Epicureanism originated from Greece. T(10) Before Christianity enter Rome, Ancient Romans had mostly been polytheists. TShort answer questionsPlease give a brief introduction to the development of ancient Rome. Analyze the reasons that attributed the conversion of Roman Republic to Roman Empire.Reasons:a. Roman rulership inherited largely from ancient Greece. Under the Republic, senators were elected by the people to run the government.b. Territory expanse caused rich landowners and merchants to be able to buy up most of the country land, which led to instability of Roman military.c. Fights among powerful rulers, such as the fight in the first Triumvirate, and in the second Triumvirate, gave chance to get the supreme power to only one person instead of the people.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.It is universally acknowledged that Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture. This could be seen in what Roman culture adopted from Greek culture as is demonstrated in religion, philosophy and literature.In religion, we know most of the gods in Roman myths came from Greek legends in terms of function and contribution to their myths. Nevertheless, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The parallel arrangement of gods provides accurate evidence to show the similarity of the two religions and Roman wisdom in borrowing fine elements from an external culture is obvious.The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples to demonstrate Greek influence on their Roman counterpart. The best example is perhaps Stoicism and Epicureanism, both of which originated from Greece and were further developed and modified in Rome.In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a great deal from Greek culture. For example, one could find lots of traces of Greek tragedy in Roman drama. Even in Virgil’s best known epic Aeneid, we could read of similar story of the hero in his voyage from Troy to Rome, compared to Odysseus, who overcomes many difficulties on his way home though they are certainly set against different backgrounds.All in all, the two cultures are closely linked partly because Greek culture is so illustrious that no one could leave it out without picking up something from it. The Roman people were sufficiently intelligent that they could not refuseto take such an opportunity to learn something when the opportunity was available.Chapter Three Jewish Culture and The Old TestamentMultiple choices:1.The Babylonian Captivity refers to the captivation and imprisonment of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar II, in ____.A.586 BCB.450 BCC.336 BCD.586 AC2.Jerusalem was established as the capital in ___.A.585 BCB.1000 BCC.1000 ADD.585 AD3.In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____.A.David and SolomonB.Moses and DavidC.Jacob and DavidD.Jacob and Solomon4.The ancestor of the Jews is ___.A.GreekB. GermanicC. HebrewD. Roman5.The whole Old Testament is written in ______ except some brief portions which are in the Aramaic languageA.classical HebrewB.classical EnglishC.classical GreekD.classical LatinFill in the blanks1.Jehovah is worshipped as the chief god of the country of Israel.2.Ezekiel helped Jewish people spread the religion of Judaism and finally confirmed it during the BabylonianCaptivity and later period.3.The core of Judaism is Mose’s Ten Commandments and Rabbis’ interpretations of the doctrines.4.The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah.True of false question.1.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first 10 books. F2.The Old Testament was written in Hebrew, including the three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa andApocrypha. T3.Exodus describes how Aaron led the people of Israel out of Egypt in the 13th or 14th centuries BC, including theirlife in Egypt and how they suffered from oppression. F4.The Prophets mainly introduces all kinds of prophets. T5.Apocrypha books are not included in the canon of the Old Testament because of their uncertain authorship orlegendary. TShort answer questionsSay something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literary value.What would you say about the Jewish contribution to Christianity and Western culture? Give examples to show how Jewish culture relates to and differs from the other cultures, such as Greek and Arabic cultures.The Jewish culture has done much for Christianity and Western culture, such as the Jewish contribution to the transmission of Western culture .One of the examples is Jewish assistance to the establishment of Christianity. It was the Jews who worked as the early organizers and participants in the underground activities of the Christians. Another example concerns Philo, the major Jewish-Hellenistic philosopher of the early period, combined both the Greek philosophical element and Jewish theology.Chapter Four Christianity and The New TestamentFill in the blanks(1) Owing to the repeated conquests of Jerusalem by various aggressors, like Alexander the Great and the Romans, the Jews suffered a great deal from the violent suppression and the final loss of their homeland.(2) Plato’s ideas provided a more intellectual and reasonable framework for the basic beliefs of pious Jewish people.(3) Baptism is to wash off one’s original sin by sprinkling water over one’s body to indicate that one’s original sin is washed off and that one is admitted into the church.(4) Anointment is a ritual where a priest put specially-made oil on the dying to show benefaction and forgiveness of the sin in that person’s lifetime.(5) Purgatory is a state or place of temporary punishment for the removal of sins not possible in any other ways.(6) The Mass is a formal rite, ceremony or service of religious worship.(7) Excommunication means a Christian is partly or completely expelled from the church, usually with the loss of his citizenship.Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?A. Honor your father and your mother.B. Do not commit suicide.C. Do not desire your neighbor’s wife.D. Do not take the name of God in vain.4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practice their religion?A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th century5. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all otherreligions?A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar6. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I7. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John Baptist(施洗者约翰)D. John Wycliff8. Christianity is the system of religious belief and practice about ____ and started at the turn of ____A. Mary, 1st century ADB. Jesus Christ, 1st century ADC. Jehovah, 1st century BCD. Jesus Christ, 1st century BC9. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint(七十子译本《旧约圣经》的希腊文译本)10. On February ____ , the Roman Emperor, ______ , accepted Christianity as the official religion.A. 380, Alexander the GreatB. 380, TheodosiusC. 400, OctavianD. 100, Jesus Christ11. _____, the Christian Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. In 1054. In 1054 BC C. In 1055 D. In 38012. In 451 AD, the archbishop of Roman Church, ____________, made himself Pope.A. St. PeterB. Saint Leo IC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin13. The largest and earliest of non-Roman Catholic Groups in the West is ___________.A. Lutheran ChurchB. AnglicanismC. PresbyterianD. Free Churches14. ______ is the 2nd book of The Old Testament, telling the history of Hebrews, flight out of Egypt led by Moses.A. ExodusB. GospelC. GenesisD. Job15. _______ is the cradle of many civilizations, such as Trojan, Phrygian, Achaemenid, Greek, Armenian, Roman and Byzantine.A. EgyptB. Asia MinorC. JerusalemD. Aegean SeaShort answer questionReasons for Roman acceptance of Christianity:a. For the common people in the empire who were fed up with wars and social turmoil, they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role to pacify and comfort them with love and care more effectively than other organizations or religions.b. It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance to control ideologically and intellectually the ordinary people, which was thus welcomed by the kings, emperors or aristocrats.c. The name and influence of Christianity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification, which would help the majority of people to accept the reign of a newly emerging ruler and his followers.d. Christianity is also a kind of culture, which to many people suggests social stability and recovery of an old life style they are accustomed to. Though conservative as well, it could be tolerated because their life and property could thus be secured in the changed circumstances.True of False(1) When Jesus Christ fled from his brother Esau, he imagined the ladder to heaven. F(2) Christianity is a kind of culture. T(3) Before the 4th century, Christians had been persecuted in Roman Empire. T(4) Jewish culture and religion were immensely enriched by Christianity and Western culture. F(5) The Trinity is the unity of Holy Father, Holy Son and Holy Spirit in one divine being. TChapter Five The Middle Ages and Germanic CultureFill in the blanks(1) Byzantine culture achieved remarkable progress by combining the cultural essence of Greece and Rome with the Eastern culture.(2) Neo-Platonism is a philosophy linking Greek philosophy and the Eastern mysticism, which focused on the power of spirit and transcendentalism.(3) Spiritually and culturally, 14th century in Byzantium showed remarkable vitality.(4) The early medieval literature was represented by poems, particularly by hymns pressing the intense religious feelings of love of God.(5) The artistic achievements of the Medieval Ages mostly related to religion, since it was the focal point in people’s lives and the church was the principal promoter of artistic work.(6) Construction of major buildings during the Middle Ages, consisted mainly of large numbers of churches, generally in Romanesque and Gothic styles.Multiple Choice1. After the last Roman emperor was overthrown by the German mercenary troops, the European civilization moved into _____.A. the modern eraB. the Middle AgesC. the new periodD. the Renaissance2. The barbarous tribes included Celts, Germans and _______.A. FrenchB. ItaliansC. SlavsD. Tartars3. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4764.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs5. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James6.Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French7. Which of the following is NOT true about Scholasticism.A. Scholasticism was initiated by the medieval theologians to defend and consolidate the status of Christianity.B. The Scholars employed Aristotle’s statement and Plato’s theory of ideas to explain God’s existence.C. The Scholars made a compromise between science and philosophy.D. Scholasticism regarded the Bible as the only source of absolute truth, making reason submit to religious faith. True or false questions(1) Carolingian culture was featured with Christianity because of the latter’s strong influence on the barbarous tribes. T(2) Edda is a collection of Germanic myths which provides the prototypes for later tales of European nations. F(3) All the English names of the weekdays derive from the Northern gods. F(4) The legends in Charlemagne’s life and deeds were frequently referenced by many poets of the Renaissance and later periods. T(5) In the German and Norse mythology, the gods are not perfect. They represent different forces of the God, struggling against the primeval giants. T(6) Since the medieval culture retarded during almost 1000 years development, this period never enhanced Western human civilization in history. F(7) The division of the Frank Empire into three parts after Charlemagne’s death signified the weakening of the centralized system. T(8) The spirit of the Germans formed one part of the central features of the Christian Trinity. T(9) The hierarchical levels of the priesthood during Medieval Ages begin with the Pope as supreme leader, followed by cardinals, archbishops, bishops and the parish priest.T(10) In medieval society, God permanently served as an image of severity and solemnity, without change until the renaissance. F(11) Serfs in the plantations of the Charlemagne’s Empire worked hard because they could be rewarded. F(12) The icon referred to the abstract image of Jesus Christ in the period of Byzantium. T(13) Scholasticism was created by Vatican in the Middle Ages to handle the ideas of infidelity with the help of classical philosophy. TShout answer questionsWhat is your comment on the status of medieval culture and politics in Western history?(1) social advantages for the change of productive means;(2) the weakening of the centralized system;(3) the increasing influences of the Church;(4) cultural contributions of Germans and other nationalities;a. Germanic contributions to Christianity－Power in Christian Trinity mainly came from the Goths who were brave, militant and tactically capable of warring. Charlemagne the Great tried to restore Roman culture and promote cultural development.b. The Muslims also contributed considerably to the preservation and dissemination of classical culture.(5) utilitarian tendency of the medieval culture;a. the emergence of a range of different cultures;b. the humanizing and perfecting of hierarchy;c. the humanization of Christian doctrines.Chapter Six Culture during the RenaissanceFill in the blanks(1) The Renaissance was to recover ancient culture and art; while the Reformation was to recover ancient Christian theology.(2) With far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of Protestantism, which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.(3) Calvin’s theory of Predestination conformed to expectations of bourgeoisie.(4) Calvin practiced his democratic and republican system on the basis of principles in the New Testaments.(5) Francis Bacon was the founder of experimental science and materialism.(6) “I am thinking, therefore I exist” was spoken by Rene Descartes.Multiple Choice1. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance?A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio?A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4. The medieval civilization met its climax during the _________.A. 14th centuryB. 13th centuryC. 12th centuryD. 11th century5. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo7. The earliest university in Europe was the one established in _______ .A. BerlinB. RomeC. BolognaD. Oxford8. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael9. Which of the following is not the inspiration for the Renaissance?A. The break-up of feudal structures.B. The emergence of national monarchies.C. The rise of folk culture and popular literature.D. The revival of religious beliefs.10. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal（教皇制度的）authorities take place?A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII11. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church?A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. Queen12. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais（拉拍雷）, in which he praises the greatness of man,expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?A. Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia13. Whose motto put down in his essays “What do I Know?” is world famous?A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. Montaigne(蒙田：法国人文主义思想家)D. Shakespeare14.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar?A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance15. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet?A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne16. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?A. BruegelB. Erasmus（伊拉兹马斯C. El GrecoD. Rabelais17. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question. ”is from whose works?A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. Shakespeare18. The core idea of the Renaissance was ________.A. rationalismB. realismC. humanismD. classicism19.The bourgeoisie was a result of ____ production in terms of wage-payment and profit.A. massB. agriculturalC. industrialD. commercial20. The most important reason for the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy is _______.A. Italy’s prosperous tradeB. the variety of urban social lifeC. the use of Latin as a common languageD. that the newly emerging capitalists sought to oppose feudal and divine dominance of society21. The major boost of Humanism is _______ .A. the fall of ConstantinopleB. the prosperity of the city of FlorenceC. the prosperous trade and production of handicraftD. the rich variety of urban social life22. Which of the following is not the major principle of humanism?A. Literature should represent the feelings of ordinary humans.B. Science should produce benefits for mankind.C. Education should develop divine spirit and classical culture.D. Man should become central in everything.True or false(1) Individualism was the foundation of social ideology during the Renaissance. T(2) Dante’s most important works On Monarchy shows most of his humanist ideas over which he was meditating during years of exile. F(3) Petrarch opposed the papal authority and other supreme authorities by exemplifying his attitudes towards Aristotle. T(4) The Renaissance and humanism greatly contributed to the occurrence of Enlightenment and bourgeois revolution. T(5) Humanism helped spark the Reformation, while the latter hindered the development of the former. T(6) Cultural salon was founded in order to spread the Graeco-Roman culture. F(7) The discussions in the cultural salon helped to improve cultural manners. T(8) The French Academy derives from a club of ten members discussing questions of common interest. F(9) Drama was a vigorous and popular cultural activity during the Renaissance in France. T(10) Drama in this period focused on moral irony, formal beauty as well as brevity and understatement. TShort answer questions1.Try to list the elements which contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance.Hints: the break-up of feudal structures; the strengthening of city-states in Italy; the emergence of national monarchies in Spain, France, and England; the thrive of many different kinds of social structures; the rise of folk culture and popular literature in most European countries; changes in secular education, particularly the founding of universities.2. What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.3. Please illustrate the features of social ideology during the Renaissance and its representative figures.The social ideology was based on individual interests and characteristics of individualism. The core of social ideology during the Renaissance was humanism, which reflected strongly the wishes and desires of the civilian class and essentially an expression of the bourgeois individualism and hedonism. Humanism contributed remarkably to the later social and intellectual advances in the Western world.Representative figures are Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio and Machiavelli.4. Please clarify the significance of the Religious Reformation in the Western world.The Reformation made great contribution to the social and intellectual development of Western civilization.a. With the far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of Protestantism, which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.b. The Reformation was the most effective and influential in terms of the results it achieved. It not only contributed to the ecclesiastical development of Christianity, but opened the way to much of the subsequent social and intellectual progress of the West.5. Please analyze the features of classicism.a. Drama and other forms of arts tended to imitate and reflect those of the Graeco-Roman civilization.b. Literature of this period is termed neoclassical, because it sought beauty of form rather than the content.c. Culture in this period not only exhibited the productions of artistic works, but promoted the development of life styles, such as dress and speech.d. As commonly opposed to Romanticism, the 17th-century classicism in France implies a social ideal.e. Classicism tends naturally to be expressed by the adoption of certain classical forms.。
西方文化概论1-4章复习题
西方文化概论1-4章复习题Statements1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are consideredto be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman（希腊罗马的）element and the Judeo-Christian （犹太教与基督教的）element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule ofAlexander, king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateursports competition.6.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.7.The Homer's epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey .8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, ledby Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home,island of Ithaca.10.The representation form of Greek Democracy is citizen-assembly.（公民大会）11.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today:Sappho and Pindar.12.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.13.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the14 Olympic odes.14.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, andEuripides.15.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.16.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King（俄狄浦斯王）, Electra（伊莱克特拉(谋杀其母及其情人者), and Antigone. Oedipus complex（恋母情结）and Electra complex(恋父情结) derived from Sophocles’ plays.17.Euripides（欧里庇得斯）wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache,Medea, and Trojan Women.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes,who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.19.Euripides _ is the first writer of "problem plays".20.Herodotus（希罗多德）is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about thewars between Greeks and Persians.21.Thucydides（修西得底斯）described the war between Athens and Sparta andbetween Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.22.Pythagoras（毕达哥拉斯）was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things werenumbers.23.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.24.Heracleitus(赫拉克利特) believed fire to the primary element of the universe, outof which everything else had arisen.25.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.26.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other,they are the Cynics（犬儒学派）, the Sceptics（怀疑论学派）, the Epicureans（伊壁鸠鲁学派）, and the Stoics（斯多葛学派）.27.Euclid(欧几里得) is well-known for his Elements《几何原本》, a textbook ofgeometry.28.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”29.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric （多利安式）style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic（爱奥尼亚式）style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian（科林斯式）style.30.The Acropolis at Athens（雅典卫城）and the Parthenon(万神殿) are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years.31.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire.32.The Roman writer Horace said: “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”.大意：征服者反被被征服者所征服。
外国文学史练习题第二章
外国文学史练习题第二章第二章欧洲中世纪文学一、填空题：1、中世纪世俗文学包括_______________、_______________和英雄史诗，其中后者的代表作是《_______________》。
2、中世纪后期英雄史诗最著名的有法国的______________，西班牙的______________，德国的______________和古罗斯的______________。
3、恩格斯在评价但丁是指出：“他是______________的最后一位诗人，同时又是______________的最初一位诗人。
”4、《新生》是_________在青年时期献给___________的爱情抒情诗集。
5、《神曲》采用中古流行的______________文学的形式，大量运用______________、______________的艺术手法。
7、中世纪市民文学中讽刺叙事诗的代表作是法国的______________，作品以______________和伊桑格兰狼之间的斗争为主要情节。
8、法国的骑士抒情诗以法国**的______________为中心，骑士叙事诗以______________为中心。
9、中世纪初期最著名的英雄史诗是______________，中世纪英雄史诗的代表作是______________。
10、但丁的《神曲》以恢弘的气势描写了基督教神话中的地狱、炼狱和天堂，其中带领史诗中的但丁下地狱的人是_____________，带领他进天堂的人是_____________。
11、罗兰是一个_____________的理想形象。
12、中世纪城市文学是在_____________的基础傻瓜发展起来的，它在艺术上主要采用_____________手法。
13、韵文故事_____________后来成为莫里哀的名剧《打出来的医生》的情节基础。
14、中世纪的欧洲_____________在精神文化领域中占有统治地位。
英语欧美文化期末练习题
英语欧美文化期末练习题2006-2007学年第一学期欧美文化期末练习题班级_________ 姓名__________ I.Multiple choices (80%)1.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon againstthe city of Troy?A. OdysseyB. Iliad C Agamemnon D. Trojan Womenth2.In the 20 century, the Irish writer James Joyce?s Ulysses is a parallel to Homer?s epic_______.A. OdysseyB. Iliad C Agamemnon D. Trojan Women 3.Which of the following is not written by Aeschylus?A. Prometheus BoundB. AntigoneC. Persians D Agamenon4.The Austrian psych iatrist Siugmund Freud …s term “the Oedipus complex”was derived from ________?s play Oedipus the King.A. AeschylusB. EuripdesC. SophoclesD. Aristophane5.Among ancient Greek dramatist, ______may be called the first writer of“problem plays”.A. AeschylusB. EuripdesC. SophoclesD. Aristophane6.In which comic play did Aristophanes attack Socrates?A. WaspsB. BirdsC. CloudsD. Frogs7.Who initiated the concept of point, line, surface, bpdy, etc. and was regardedas the founder of scientific mathematics?A. AristotleB. ArchimedesC. PythagorasD. Democritus8.Socrates …s teaching method is well known as the _________.A.dialectic methodB. dialoguesC.Cartesian doubtD. doubting method9.Which is Plato?s belief?A. Men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general“ideas”.B. Men have knowledge because of experience.C. Mind and matter are completely apart from each otherD. The world is matter and acrivity.10.Among the Greek philosophers, who believed that form and matter togethermade up concrete individual realities?A. AristotleB. PlatoC. SocratesD. Epicurus11.Among Greek scientists, who dicovered the principle of the lever and onceclaimed that “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”?A. EuclidB.ArchimedesC. DemocritusD. Pythagoras 12.________ is one of the finest representatives of ancient Greek sculpture.A. Venus de MiloB. Constantine the GreatC. She-wolfD. Moses13. Ancient Roman writer _____ was noted for his oratory and fine writingstyle and had an enormous influence on the development of European prose.A. LucretiusB.CiceroC. CaesarD. Virgil14. ____ is the greatest Latin poet, who wrote the great epic Aeneid.A. LucretiusB.CiceroC. CaesarD. Virgil 15. ______ is the best preserved Roman temple.A. ParthenonB.PantheonC. the ColosseumD. the temple in jerusalem16.________ is a statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Rome.A. Venus de MiloB. Constantine the GreatC. She-wolfD. Moses17. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in ___________. It wasthe_________tradition that gave birth to Christianity.A. Egypt; JewishB. Turkey; IslamicC. Palestine; JewishD. Israel; Islamic18.The Old Testament consists of ___books, while the New Testament consistsof ___books.A. 39; 27B. 27; 39C. 30; 27D. 5; 3419.The first five books of the Old Testament is called_____.A. PentateuchB. GenesisC. DeuteronomyD. Exodus20.According to the Old Testament, when the wandering Hebrew tribesleft thedesert and entered the mountainous Sinai, _______ climbed to the top of themountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as Ten Commandments.A. DavidB. SolomonC. SaulD. Moses 21. By 305 the Roman emperor stopped the persecution of Christians. And in313, ______issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity.A. ConstantineB. NeroC. DiocletianD. Theodosius.22. In _____, the Roman Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the officialreligion of the empire.A. 305B. 313C. 392D. 47623. At the age of 30, Jesus Cxhrist received the baptism at the hands of _____.A. JosephB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. St. Peter24. The four accounts of Jesus? birth, teaching, death and resurrection were believed to have been written byA. Matthew , Mark, Luke and JohnB. Paul, Peter, Luke and JohnC. Joseph, Mark, Paul and PeterD. Matthew , Mark, Peter and Joseph25.The most important and influential of English Bible is _________.A. The Great BibleB. the Good News BibleC. the “authorized” or King James’ versionD. the Vulgate 26. The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the _____ edition.A. the SeptuagintB. the VulgateC. The Great BibleD. the Good News Bible27. What is the Middle Ages also called for?________________A. “Age of Reason”B. “Age of Art”C. “Age of Faith”D. “Age of science” 28. When did the Western Roman Empire fall and the Middle Ages began?A. In A. D. 476B. In A. D. 27C. In B.C. 27D.In B. C. 47629. To become a knight, a noble began his education as a ____ at 7, then hebecame a ___ to a knight at about 14. If he proved to be a good fighter, hecould be made a knight at the ceremony of dubbing.A. squire, pageB. page, squireC. soldier, pageD. assistant, protector 30. ________, ruler of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex, made Wessex theAnglo-Saxon cultural centre and contributed greatly to the medieval Europeanculture.A. CharlemagneB. CarolusC. Alfred the GreatD. Henry VIII31. _______, the writer of Opus Maius, was one the earliest adovocates of scientific research.A. Francis BaconB. Roger BaconC. Thomas AquinasD. Dante 32._________ is an Anglo-Saxon epic telling about how the hero fightedagainst the monster Grendel and the fire dragon.A. Song of RolandB. BeowulfC. AfricaD. Canzoniers33.__________is the soul of Renaissance.A. New sciencesB. HumanismC. New literatureD. the interest in ancient Greek and Roman art34. _____ is the birthplace of Renaissance.A. EnglandB. ItalyC. SpainD. France35. Of the four major artists in High Renaissance, ___was best known for hisMadonnas.A. da VinciB. MichelangeloC. RaphaelD. Titian.36. ________ established the pictorial tradition in western art by using oil coloron canvas and was ranked the father of the modern mode of painting.A. da VinciB. MichelangeloC. RaphaelD. Titian.37.Da Vinci, _____ and Raphael are the best representatives of highRenaissance in Florence.A. GiottoB. GiorgioneC. MichelangeloD. David38. _________ …s open protest agains t the indulgence in 1517 started theReformation movement in Europe.it challenged the absolute authority of the theChurch and replaced it with the absolute authority of the ______.A. Martin Luther; BibleB. John Calvin; the GodC. Jan Hus; BibleD. John Wycliffe; the God39. Which is John Calvin?s belief?A. Men are redeemed by faith and not by the purchase of indulgences.B. The bible should be translated into vernacular so that the Bible can beaccessible to evbery man.C. All believers are priests and all occupations are holy and thus equal.D. Any form of sinfulness is a likely sign of damnatiom whereas ceaselesswork could be sign of salvation.40. From which of Shakespear?s plays comes the sentence:”To be, or not to be,that is the quest ion.”A. OthelloB. King LearC.MacbethD.Hamlet 41. With the great progess in science, in the___century Europe advanced fromthe Middle ages to the Modern times.A. 15ththththB. 16C. 17D. 1842. “I think therefore I am” is ________?s motto. A. So crates B. Descartes C. Locke D. Kantth43. The major literary form of neoclassicism in france in the 17 century was_________.A. novelB. proseC. dramaD. poetry 44. __________ rejected the traditional deductive method and founded theinductive method.A. John LockeB. Thomas HobbsC. Francis BaconD. John Milton45. ______said:”Knowledge is power.” A. Plato B. LockeC. BaconD. Kant46. There were two leaders in the English revolution,Cromwell was the man ofaction and ___the man of thought.A. John LockeB. Thomas HobbsC. Francis BaconD. John Milton 47. Phaedra is one of the masterpeices of ________________.A. Pierre CorneilleB. Jean RacineC. MoliereD. Lessing 48. The Enlightenment is also called ___________.A. “Age of Reason”B. “Age of Art”thC. “Age of Faith” D. “Age of science”49. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were two17Englishmen________.A. Francis Bacon and John MiltonB. John Locke and Isaac NewtonC. Thomas Hobbs and John LockeD. Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes50. In art and literature, what coincided with the Age of Reason wasa periodcalled_________.A. classicismB. neoclassicism c. romanticism D. realism51.Which book discussed the spearation of the legislative, executive and judicalpowers?A. The Spirit of the LawsB. Lettres AnglaiseC. The Origin of Human InequalityD.Rameau’s Nephew52. In Rousseau?s opinion, _____ was the origin of social inequality.A. human natureB. absoute monarchyC. vices in th esocietyD. private property53. Rousseau?s __________ is an important work on education; and hisautobiography __________ foreshadows the trend of Romanticism.A. New Heloise; EmileB.Emile; The ConfessionsC. On Education; Poetry and TruthD. Philosophical Thoughts; Persian Letters54. Who represented the rationalistic neoclassical tendency inEnglish literatureand has often been called the spokesman in verse of the Age of Reaon? One ofhis masterpieces is The Rape of the Lock.A. Samuel JohnsonB. Henry FieldingC. Alexander PopeD. William Blake55. In ______, Swift bitterly criticized theBritish government by suggestingthat the children be fattened and eaten.A. Essay on CriticismB. A Modest Proposal c. Essay on ManD.Gulliver?s Travels 56._________ is often called the founder of English domestic novel, orepistolary novel. One of his masterpieces is Pamela. A. Samuel Johnson B. Henry FieldingC. Walter ScottD. Samuel Richardson57.Goethe? epistolary novel _________played an enormous role in the spreadof Romanticism.A. The Sorrows of Young WertherB. Wilhelm Meister’s ApprenticeshipC. Nathan the WiseD. Poetry and Truth58. _______ , written by Goethe, is the greatest work of German literature.A. The Sorrows of Young WertherB. Wilhelm Meister’s Apprentices hipC. FaustD. Poetry and Truth59. _______ is the key figure of the German philosophy and sometimes calledthe “waterhead of Modern philosophy”.A.Martin lutherB. HegelC. LessingD. Kant 60. Romanticism devoped in the late _____ and early ___centuryies.thththththththth A. 18; 19 B. 17; 18 C. 16; 17 D. 19; 20 61.______________ is not a Lake poet.A. SoutheyB. KeatsC. WordsworthD. Coleridge62 “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is from the ending of _____. A. Ode on a Grecian Urn B. Ode to the West WindC. Don JuanD. Ode to a Nightingale63. Which of the following writers is a female writer and tried hard to proveherself equal to the challenge of a woman?A. Victor HugoB. John KeatsC. George SandD. Mikhail Y. Lemontov64. The preface of the play ________, written by ________ is a veritablemanifesto of French Romanticism in Literature.A. Cromwell; HugoB.Hernati; HugoC. Atala; ChateaubriandD. Rene; Chateaubriand 65. Wordsworth and Colerridge were well known for their collective work,__________, the preface of which marked the beginning of romanticism inEnglish literature.A. Ballads and RomancesB. Lyrical BalladsC. Balladskers67. _______ was generally considered Byron?s masterpiece. A.Cain B. ManfredC. Child e Harold’s PilgrimageD. Don Juan 69. In_________,_________ created the first “superfluous man” in Russian literature.A. Eugene Onegin; PushkinB. A Hero of Our Times; Mikhail Y. LemontovC. The Betrothed; ManzoniD. To Sylvia; Leopardi 70. John Keats, a telented English poet, is best known for his beautiful poems, such as ________.A.To a SkylarkB. To ItalyC. Odes to a NightingaleD. The Lady of the LakeII. Connect the names of the writers to their respective masterpieces20%Chauccer Gargantua and PantagruelFielding Utopia Boccaccio The New Method Petrach Paradise Lost Rabelais Les MiserablesThomas More The Canterbury Tales Hugo Le CidMilton DecameronBacon Don QuixoteCorneille CanzoniersCervantes The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingWordsworth Divine ComedyDante AeneidSchiller Cabal and LoveMoliere Robinson Crusoe Pushikin FaustVirgil Lyrical BalladsDefoe Eugene Onegin Goethe TartuffeShelley Prometheus UnboundGiotto Mona LisaTitian Sleeping Venus Michalangelo The Sistine Madonna Raphael Flight into Egypt Giorgione DavidDa Vinci Sacred and Profane Love。
西方文化导论课后复习题
1.G ive a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age，and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology ，Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC-547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water，The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey。
2 What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western Civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization.The second significant influence was that of philosophy，give sound guidance to later year people to improve and change the world outside themselves。
英美文化习题
1.The total area of the U.K. is _D___.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _C____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _B___.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4. ____A_ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5. Wales was effectively united with England in the __A___ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of ___C__ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18017. Psysiographically Britain may be divided into ___A__ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in __A___.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from ___A_.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between ___B__ and England.B. WalesC. Vale of Eden11. The longest river in Britain is _A____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12. London is situated on the River of __B___.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of ___B__.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14. The rivers flowing into the _B____ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15. Mt. Snowdon stands in ___B__.A. ScotlandB. Wales16. The source of the important River Thames is in the __A___.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17. About ___B__ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in ___A__.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19. The Bank of England was nationalized in ___B__.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420. Britain is basically an importer of ___D__.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21. British farmers produce enough food to supply _A____ of the needs of the population.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222. Britain’s main cereal crop is _C____.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23. The center of the Britain financial system is _A____.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except __C___.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25. “Black Country” refers to ___B__.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26. The second largest port in Britain is _C____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is __B___.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _B____B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30029. The U.K. is rich in the following except ___C__.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30. The decrease of British population is caused by thefollowing except __D___.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31. The proportion of the English in the whole population is __B___.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32. The Queen’s University is in th e city of __A___.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _D____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About A_____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035. The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed A_____ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036. The highest mountain in England is __C___.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37. The second largest city in England is ___B__.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of __A___.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39. Scotland occupies the B_____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40. By the Act of Union in __A___, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was adopted.41. ___C__ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42. The ___B__ End includes Westminster, St. James’ PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43. ___D__ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandII. Fill in the Blanks1. The U.K. is situated in Northwestern_ ____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of GreatBritain_____ _____ and _Northern Ireland____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _Scotland____, Wales_____ and Northern Ireland.4. The largest part of U.K. is __England___.5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is __london___.6. _Northern Ireland____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.7. The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _1921____.8. The highest mountain in Britain is _Ben nevis____ _____.9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _Pennines____.10. Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the __North___ sea_____.11. The most important river is the River of __Thames___.12. The political centre of the Commonwealth is london_____.13. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _Northern Ireland____ _____.14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the Atlantic___Gulf _Stream_ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between_1750____ and ___1850__.16. The Bank of England was founded in _1694____.17. The population of the U.K. is more than 57_____ million.18. Britain is basically an exporter of manufacture_____.19. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____.20. In Wales many people speak _Irish____.21. People sing the national anthem in Welsh_____.22. The earliest invasion is that by the _dark____-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.23. The modern _Scots____ and _Irish____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes.24. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _Welsh____.25. Greater London is made up of 12 _inner____ London boroughs and _20____ Outer London boroughs.26. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _Edinburgh____.27. The British national anthem is __god save the queen___ _____ _____ _____.28. The U.K. lies to the NORTH____ of France.29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the West_____ End.30. River _Clyde____ flows through Glasgow.31. Mt. Seafell stands in _England____.32. The source of the River _Thames____ is in the Cotswolds.33. The capital city of Wales is __Cardiff___.34. The United Kingdom is rich in _coal____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.III. Define the Following Terms1. “Backbone of England”2. Greater London3. Celts4. The “Irish Question”IV. Answer the Following Questions1. What are the major factors influencing the British weather characterized by a moderate temperature and plenty of rainfall?2. Why is United Kingdom said to be a trading nation?3. What are the general characteristics of the British economy?Part II HistoryI. Multiple Choice1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain __B___.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _B____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _B____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _C____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5. In 1653 _A____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the __A___ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was ___D__.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8. The ___B__ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from __D___.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “__A___” because of his reputation for saintliness.A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11. Norman Conquest began in __B___.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _A____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the __B___ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _B____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _A____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16. Charles I was beheaded in __A___.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was ___A__ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18. The Great Charter contained __C___ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by B_____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20. The English Church was strictly __A___.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a __A___.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the ____A_.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _A____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _C____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by ___C__ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to __C___ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was ____B_ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28. The first Prime Minister was _A____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_A____” isconsidered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as __B___.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _B____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister _A____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of __C___ remained under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34. In the 14th century took place the __B___, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35. ___A__ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _A____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37. In the “__B___” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of ___B__ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from __C__ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640. William Shakespeare is mainly a ____B_.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _A____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42. The ___A__ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. _A____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44. In 1534 Parliament passed the “__B___”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _C____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and A_____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of ___B__A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of __B___.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in __B___.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of _B____.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52. At the End of B_____ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from __A___ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154. In 1689 Parliament passed “_B____”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. __A___ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in C_____.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _B____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58. The Victorian Age was over the ___A__ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59. The _B____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60. The Great Charter was essentially a _C____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. __B___ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62. The Reformation was a product of ___A__.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was ___A__.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _B____ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65. By the ___B__ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66. The Chartist Movement began in _C____ and reached its height in _____.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _C____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68. ____A_ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69. By the __A___ the British dominions became independentstates in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as C____.A. William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71. Before WWII __A___ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.A. Neville ChamberlainB. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston Churchill72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called B_____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when B_____ was the Prime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74. When Germany invaded __C___ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandII. Fill in the Blanks1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _Iberians____ settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the __Roman___ built Hadrian’s Wall.3. The real Roman conquest began in _43AD____.4. _John____ Milton_____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to anglo-saxon_____ Times.6. _Alfred____ was considered the first national hero.7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _William____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8. In history John was nicknamed King of _Lackland____.9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or magna_____ carta_____.10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _doomsday____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was __Bede___.12. The Battle of _hastings____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of feudalism_____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the conqueror_____.15. Along with the Normans came the _French____ language.16. The English parliament originated in the great____council_ _____.17 The head of the __church___ was Archbishop of _canterburry____.18. The _Glorious____Revolution _____ in 1688 was in naturea coup d’etat.19. The People’s Charter included 6_____ points such asuniversal male suffrage.20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _Nanjing____ in 1842.21. After the Crimean War Russia_____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _watt____tyor's _____ rising.23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _lancasterians____ and the _yorkists____.24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _15____ century.25. By the treaty of __Paris___ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _1840____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _chartered____ companies.28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was international_____, the English Church was strictly __national___.29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “Bloody_____” Mary.30. “Renaissance” means “rebirth_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “humanists_____”. 32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _feudal____ civil_____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the money_____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the Invincible____Armada _____ was defeated by English ships. 35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _Thomas____More _____ whose work _Utopia____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _16th____ century.37. The House of _Stuart____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called roundheads_____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called __cavaliers___. 39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _Lord___Protector_ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _Pairs____.41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _Tory____ and the __Whig___.42. The basic point of the People’s Charter is universal____suffrage_ _____.43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the ___Spinning__ Jenny_____.44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of _splendid____ isolation_____. 45. The Parliament passed the Act of _Settlement____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declareda _Commonwelth____.47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _Poland____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _18th____ century.49. The steam engine was invented by __James___Watt _____ in 1769.50. Samuel Crompton invented the _Spinning____ Mule_____in 1779.51. Edmund Cartwright invented the __Power___ Loom_____ in 1785.52. Upon the completion of the __Industrial___ Revolution_____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _Manchester____.54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “__Act___ _of____ Supremacy_____”.55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _Italy____ was formed.56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _wolrd____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted ___4__ years.57. At the _Pairs____ peace_____ __conference___, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58. The __Locarno___ Treaty_____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame as foreign secretary.59. On May 7, 1945, _Germany____ surrendered unconditionally.60. It was _Winston____ _Churchill____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the carbinet_____ system was established.III. Explain the Following Terms1. The Norman Conquest2. The Glorious Revolution3. The Chartist Movement4. The Opium War5. The Hundr ed Years’ War6. Black DeathIV. Answer the Following Questions1. What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s economy since the Second World War?2. What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with special reference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?3. What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?Part III CultureI. Multiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-timeeducation from the age of _A____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “__C___” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the category of the _B____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to __A___ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from ____A_ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over __B___ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _C____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four __D___ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The __A___ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _A____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _C____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _A____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _B____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is __C___.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the following features except ___D__.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is __C___.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17. __B___ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18. The most humorous magazine is __C___.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19. In the UK there are about C_____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020. There are D_____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the ____C_.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _A____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers23. BBC was founded in ___A__ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _C____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by __A___.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is __A___.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _C____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of __B___ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. A_____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _B____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31. _A____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual ___B__ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. __A___ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog。
西方文化导论 复习题
西方文化导论Cultural terms1.Mount Olympus2.Triumvirate3.Pulitzer4.Jacob’s Ladder5.Hesychasm6.asceticism7.Immanuel Kant8.impressionism9.the Apollonian style and the Dionysian style10.Lost Generation11.Oedipus Complex12.performance artQuestions1.What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as ahole? Give examples.2.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtainedfrom Greek culture? Give examples.3.Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.4.What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?5.Cite some facts to manifest the cultural achievements of the Byzantine Empire.6.What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.7.Give an account of the settings and general features of the Enlightenment.8.What do you think of the similarities and dissimilarities between realism and naturalism?9.Say something about the features and contributions of utilitarianism, utopian socialism andclassical economics.10.Try to work out the modernists influence on Chinese literature by selecting one or two figuresfor illustration.11.Give a general survey of the intellectual and ideological developments in Europe by focusingon one or two theoretical schools in the following list: positivism, pragmatism, intuitionalism, psychoanalysis, existentialism, logical atomism, logical positivism and naturalist philosophy.12.Try to recall how Chinese popular culture came into fashion in the last two or three decadeswith the introduction of Western pop music and art.。
西方文化导论第六单元文艺复兴练习题
Unit 6 Culture During the RenaissanceI Translate the words and phrasesThe Renaissance，the bourgeoisie，feudal monarchy，national monarchies ,guild, monastic chapters , asceticism, Scholasticism,Bologna University, humanism, feudal obscurantism, ideological emancipation,fresco ,Sistine Chapel，The Divine Comedy，the Decameron，Boccaccio，Canterbury Tales，Gargantua and Pantagruel ，Michelangelo，Classicism,Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Mannerism,Baroque style , proto-renaissance, Calvinism，Hedonism , religious reformation, Copernican system(Copernican Heliocentrism) , experimental science ,mechanical materialism , modern metaphysics ,René Descartes, pantheistic doctrine ,Cartesianism文艺复兴，资产阶级，封建君主制，国家君主制,行会或协会, 教会或修道院管理处，苦行，禁欲主义, 经院哲学；博洛尼亚大学, 人道主义/人本主义/人文主义,封建蒙昧主义,思想解放, 壁画；湿壁画技法，西斯廷教堂，神曲，十日谈，薄伽丘，坎特伯雷故事集，巨人传，米开朗基罗，古典主义, 托斯卡纳风格,多立克风格,爱奥尼亚风格,科林斯风格, 风格主义, 巴洛克风格, 文艺复兴初期, 加尔文主义，享乐主义, 宗教改革，哥白尼体系/哥白尼日心说, 实验科学(by Francis Bacon)机械唯物主义(by Thomas Hobbes), 现代形而上学, 笛卡尔, 泛神论，笛卡尔主义/笛卡尔哲学II Fill in the blanks1.The Renaissance was first and foremost a kind of _______of mind，the seeking of_______.The achievements of it were seen principally in six areas, namely, __________and __________as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate.2.The bourgeoisie was a result of ____ production in terms of wage-payment and profit.3. The Renaissance was the ____ stage of the Middle Ages before the modern epoch.4. The earliest university in Europe was the one established in _______ .5. The medieval civilization met its climax during the _________ century.6. The Renaissance first emerged in the city of _______in Italy before it made its way to Milan，Venice and Naples. Then it spread to France，Spain，Germany and England.7. The Renaissance is characterised by seeking________, _______and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation.8. Humanism perhaps began in ______and its most famous predecessors were men like ______and Petrarch.9.The core idea of the Renaissance was _____.10.The major boost of Humanism is _______ .11. The Renaissance was to recover ancient _______ ; while the Religious Reformation was to recover ancient ________ .12. With far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation becamea basis for the founding of_______ , which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.13. _______was the founder of experimental science and materialism.14. Martin Luther developed the idea of justification by faith and attacked the sale of indulgences by Tetzel from the Vatican Church by _______at Wittenberg15. Five dominant types of architecture during the Renaissance are__________, and Composite.16.Francis Bacon was the founder of _____ and _____.17._____ established mechanical materialism. .18. “I am thinking, therefore I exist” was spoken by _____. He also provided the mechanistic method of reasoning called _______. .1. emancipation, intellectual freedom, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama, religious reformation ;2. mass3. last4. Bologna5. 13th6. Florence7. ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom 8. Italy, Dante 9. Humanism10. the fall of Constantinople 11. culture and art, Christian theology 12. Protestantism 13. Francis Bacon 14. nailing his famous 95 theses on the church door15.Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian 16. experimental science, materialism17. Thomas Hobbes, 18. René Descartes,CartesianismIII Answer the questions:1. What factors contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance?the break-up of feudal structures; the strengthening of city-states in Italy; the emergence of national monarchies in Spain, France, and England; the thrive of many different kinds of social structures; the rise of folk culture and popular literature in most European countries; changes in secular education, particularly the founding of universities.2. What are the major features of the Renaissance ?Feature: The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved. The most striking feature of the Renaissance was doubtlessly the flourish of humanism.3. What are the reasons for the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy?(1) Italy’s prosperous trade and production of handicraft, which furnished a material basis for cultural development(2) its rich variety of urban social life coinciding with the emergence of more cities where manufacturing and commercial activities called for the vigorous development of cultural life(3) the wealth of culture passed down from the artistic and architectural heritage of Rome(4) the use of Latin as a common language in the Italian society, which helped to retain a good memory of classical culture4. What are the main demands of humanism?a. literature should represent the feelings of ordinary humans;b. science should produce benefits for mankind;c. education should develop individual personality and free human feelings and intelligence from divine bondage;d. man should become central in everything;e. human right should be against divine right, human nature against divine nature, and individuality against medieval religious bondage.4Please match the following artists and writers with their representative works.Please match the following scientists with their great achievement.5.Please introduce William Shakespeare, the most accomplished writer during the Renaissance, and his great works.William Shakespearewas an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre -eminent dramatist. He is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”. His surviving work s, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into everymajor living language and are performed more often than those ofany other playwright.His writing career falls into three phases. His early phase coincided with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, marking the ascent of capitalist development. The major works he wrote in this period include A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream and Twelfth Night .The 2nd phase occurred in a period when political conflicts and contradictions were intensified between the feudal forces headed by the royal family on one side and the newly emerging capitalist forces and the ordinary people on the other. Most of his writings during the period were tragedies, embracing Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth and Anthony and Cleopatra.The 3rd phase focused on the writing of plays related to myths, such as The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest. Shakespeare’s success came from his understanding of historical, social and intellectual circumstances of England, based on his humanist values and pursuit and represented by a large number of impressive characters with a strong sense of individual identity.6. Please analyze the features of classicism.a. Drama and other forms of arts tended to imitate and reflect those of the Graeco-Roman civilization.b. Literature of this period is termed neoclassical, because it sought beauty of form rather than the content.c. Culture in this period not only exhibited the productions of artistic works, but promoted the development of life styles, such as dress and speech.d. As commonly opposed to Romanticism, the 17th-century classicism in France implies a social ideal.e. Classicism tends naturally to be expressed by the adoption of certain classical forms.IV True or False Questions.(1) Individualism was the foundation of social ideology during the Renaissance.(2) Dante’s most important works On Monarchy shows most of his humanist ideas over which he was meditating during years of exile.(3) Petrarch opposed the papal authority and other supreme authorities by exemplifying his attitudes towards Aristotle.(4) The Renaissance and humanism greatly contributed to the occurrence of Enlightenment and bourgeois revolution.(5) Humanism helped spark the Reformation, while the latter hindered thedevelopment of the former.（TFTTT）题源：1. The bourgeoisie was a result of ____ production in terms of wage-payment and profit.A. massB. agriculturalC. industrialD. Commercial2. The Renaissance was the ____ stage of the Middle Ages before the modern epoch.A. transitionalB. lastC. initialD. preparatory3. The earliest university in Europe was the one established in _______ .A. BerlinB. RomeC. BolognaD. Oxford4. The medieval civilization met its climax during the _________.A. 14th centuryB. 13th centuryC. 12th centuryD. 11th century5. Which of the following is not the inspiration for the Renaissance?A. The break-up of feudal structures.B. The emergence of national monarchies.C. The rise of folk culture and popular literature.D. The revival of religious beliefs.6.Which of the following is not the major principle of humanism?A. Literature should represent the feelings of ordinary humans.B. Science should produce benefits for mankind.C. Education should develop divine spirit and classical culture.D. Man should become central in everything.7.The Renaissance made its first appearance in the city of _______ .A. VeniceB. ParisC. FlorenceD. London8.The core idea of the Renaissance was _____A. rationalismB. realismC. humanismD. classicism9.The major boost of Humanism is _______ .A. the fall of ConstantinopleB. the prosperity of the city of FlorenceC. the prosperous trade and production of handicraftD. the rich variety of urban social life10.The most important reason for the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy is _______ .A. Italy’s prosperous tradeB. the variety of urban social lifeC. the use of Latin as a common languageD. that the newly emerging capitalists sought to oppose feudal and divine dominance of society文艺复兴时期各领域代表人物及其代表作Representatives and their representative works in the Renaissance高乃依拉辛莫里哀Fill in the blanks:1.______was considered to be the founder of Renaissance painting in Italy.2.Five dominant types of architecture during the Renaissance: ___________.3.Translate1)Mannerism 2) Polyphonic music 3) proto-renaissance4) Hedonism 5) Calvinism 6) The Theory of Predestination7) Pendulum 8) Copernican system 9) classicism。
西方文化史练习题
西方文化习题一、选择题1．古代埃及人发明象形文字，并且不断（）和完善。
A发展B促进C加以改进D发扬2．古代埃及在建筑方面取得了举世瞩目的成就尤其是（）的建造，至今仍是一个不解之迷。
A古塔B金字塔C斜塔D三角塔3．《旧约圣经》是犹太教的经典，但这一名称是（）才有的。
A犹太教的兴起B基督教兴起之后C宗教兴起D古代犹太教兴起4．“荷马史诗”是我们研究“黑暗时代”希腊社会的惟一文字史料，因此“黑暗时代”又称为（）。
A史诗时代B荷马时代C时代晚期D时代的代表5．梭伦（约公元前638-前559）不仅是雅典著名的政治家和改革，也是希腊（）哀歌诗人。
A杰出的B卓越的C领先的D伟大的6．近代自然学的开端事件是（）。
A哥白尼创立太阳中心说B开普勒提出开普勒定律C牛顿创立微积分数学D威兼·哈维确立血液循环学说7．产业革命时期，有“钢琴诗人”之称的音乐家是（）。
A贝多芬B肖邦C舒伯特D李斯特8．爱因斯坦在世界科技史上的最大贡献是（）。
A量子力学理论B相对论C量子统计理论D万有引力定律9．俄国伟大作家托尔斯泰的《复活》是一部（）的代表作。
A浪漫主义文学B新古典主义文学C批判现实主义文学D无产阶级文学10．用立体评论方法结合象征寓言方法创作了著名油画《格尔尼卡》，揭露法西斯侵略暴行的画家是（）。
A康定斯基B爱德华·蒙克 C亨利·马蒂斯 D毕加索11．萨福（）是抒情时代著名的女诗人以独唱琴歌著称。
A公元前602~？B公元前612~？C公元前621~？D公元前610~？12．古代雅典的物质生活贫乏，却有着丰富的（）生活。
A文化B精神C精神文化D物质13．苏格拉底（公元前469-前399）是雅典著名的（）哲学家。
A唯物主义B唯心主义C个人主义D相以主义14．苏格拉底在批判智者学派的相对主义时，提出了“（）的命题”。
A艺术即知识B道德即知识C美德即知识D哲学即知识15．《形而上学》是亚里士多德的主要哲学著作，是关于宇宙本体（实体）的学说，亚里士多德称之为“（）”。
外国文学史(一)综合练习题(本科1-6章)
第一章古代文学一、填空题：1、欧洲文化的发源地是＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿。
2、恩格斯说：“没有＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿所奠定的基础，也就没有现代的欧洲。
”3、普劳图斯是＿＿＿＿喜剧作家，他的代表作是喜剧＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿。
4、屋大维（奥古斯都）时期是罗马文学的＿＿＿＿时代，其代表诗人是＿＿、＿＿＿和＿5、维吉尔的代表作是史诗＿＿＿＿。
6、贺拉斯的文艺论著代表作品是＿＿＿＿。
7、奥维德的代表作是神话诗＿＿＿＿。
8、《埃涅阿斯纪》前半部写主人公埃涅阿斯的＿＿＿，模仿＿＿＿（荷马史诗之一）；后半部写＿＿＿，模仿＿＿＿。
9、古希腊神话中的天神是＿＿＿＿，爱与美的女神是＿＿＿，太阳神是＿＿＿，智慧女神是＿＿，文艺与科技女神是＿＿＿，罗马神话中爱与美的女神是＿＿＿。
10、马克思说：“希腊神话不只是希腊艺术的＿＿＿＿，而且是它的＿＿＿＿。
”11、荷马史诗的两部中写战争的是＿＿＿，写战后漂泊的是＿＿＿。
12、《伊利亚特》以＿＿＿开篇，是世界文学中第一部＿＿＿题材的文学巨著。
13、被称为“悲剧之父”的古希腊剧作家是＿＿＿，他流传至今的代表作是＿＿＿。
14、马克思说普罗米修斯是“哲学的日历中最高的＿＿＿和＿＿＿。
”15、被称作“戏剧艺术的荷马”的是＿＿＿，他的代表作是＿＿＿。
16、《俄狄浦斯王》表现人与＿＿＿的抗争。
17、被称为“舞台上的哲学家”、又是“问题剧”的创始者的是古希腊悲剧诗人＿＿。
18、最早涉及男女平等问题的剧作是＿＿＿所写的＿＿＿＿。
19、古希腊戏剧当中，属于政治讽刺剧的是＿＿＿＿（剧种）。
20、古希腊“喜剧之父”是＿＿＿＿，其反战喜剧是＿＿＿＿，其所写的最早反映乌托邦思想的作品是＿＿＿＿。
21、古希腊神话包括＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿两部分内容。
22、古希腊悲剧和喜剧起源于民间＿＿＿的歌舞。
二、选择题：11、新喜剧的代表作《恨世者》的作者是（）。
①米南德②莫里哀③阿里斯托芬④奥维德2、“寓教于乐”源于（）。
①《诗艺》②《诗的艺术》③《诗学》④《拉奥孔》3、赫西俄德的作品是（）。
欧洲文化入门复习题答案
欧洲文化入门复习题答案一、填空题1. 欧洲文化通常指的是欧洲大陆上各国的文化遗产和艺术成就，其中包括文学、艺术、音乐、哲学等多个领域。
2. 欧洲文艺复兴起源于14世纪的意大利，是欧洲历史上的一个重要时期，标志着从中世纪向现代过渡。
3. 法国大革命是18世纪末至19世纪初的一场政治、社会和文化变革，对欧洲乃至世界历史产生了深远的影响。
4. 欧洲的宗教改革运动主要发生在16世纪，它导致了基督教的分裂，形成了天主教和新教两大教派。
5. 欧洲启蒙运动是18世纪的一场思想解放运动，强调理性、科学和批判精神，对现代民主政治和文化有着重要影响。
二、选择题1. 欧洲文艺复兴的中心是（C）A. 法国巴黎B. 德国柏林C. 意大利佛罗伦萨D. 英国伦敦2. 欧洲宗教改革的领导者之一是（B）A. 马丁·路德B. 约翰·加尔文C. 托马斯·阿奎那D. 但丁3. 欧洲启蒙运动的代表人物包括（D）A. 但丁B. 达芬奇C. 米开朗基罗D. 伏尔泰4. 法国大革命的标志性事件是（A）A. 巴士底狱的攻占B. 拿破仑的加冕C. 法国的君主立宪制D. 法国的共和制确立三、简答题1. 简述欧洲文艺复兴的特点。
答：欧洲文艺复兴的特点包括对古典文化的复兴，对人文主义的强调，艺术和科学领域的创新，以及对个人主义的推崇。
这一时期的艺术家和学者开始重视人的价值和能力，探索自然和人类社会的真实面貌。
2. 欧洲宗教改革对欧洲社会产生了哪些影响？答：欧洲宗教改革对欧洲社会产生了深远的影响，包括促进了宗教多元化，引发了一系列的宗教战争，推动了民族国家的形成，以及促进了教育和文化的普及。
四、论述题1. 论述欧洲启蒙运动对现代民主政治和文化的影响。
答：欧洲启蒙运动对现代民主政治和文化产生了深远的影响。
它提倡理性思考和科学方法，反对迷信和盲从，为现代民主政治的建立提供了思想基础。
同时，启蒙运动还强调个人自由和权利，推动了法律和制度的改革，促进了社会的进步和文明的发展。
西方文化概论习题
西方文化概论题库第一章古希腊罗马文化（1）西方文明最初的发源地是（B）A.小亚细亚B.克里特岛C.地中海D.里海（2）爱琴文明包括（A）A.克里特文明和迈锡尼文明B.希腊文明和罗马文明C.腓尼基文明D.特洛伊文明（3）公元前1700年，____文明进入了发展的鼎盛时期。
（C）A. 希腊B.罗马C.米诺斯D. 迈锡尼（4）米诺斯文明在公元前____左右消失。
（D）A. 12世纪B.13世纪C.14世纪D.15世纪（5）迈锡尼文明史由____人所建。
（A）A. 阿卡亚B.腓尼基C. 亚述D.希伯来（6）据史学家研究，在公元前12世纪末期，____人冲进了希腊半岛，摧毁了迈锡尼文明并是爱琴海地区陷入了长达三个世纪的“黑暗时代”。
（D）A. 阿卡亚B.腓尼基C. 亚述D.多利亚（7）“黑暗时代”也称____.（A）A.“英雄时代”B.远古时代C.希腊时代D.罗马时代(8) “黑暗时代”最有名的游吟诗人是（荷马）和（赫西俄德）。
（9）希腊神话传说来源于以下三种传说， ____除外。
（C）A.克里特文明时期的神话传说 B迈锡尼时期与阿卡亚人的神话传说 C.非洲神话 D.埃及神话。
（10）《神普》是由____编纂整理的。
（D）A. 荷马B.腓尼基人C.亚述人D.赫西俄德（11）希腊神话最初是由____开始的。
（A）A. 混沌B.乌兰诺斯C.宙斯D.赫拉（12）希腊最原始的神叫（卡俄斯）。
（13）希腊神话中的该亚是____.（C）A. 天神B.海神C.大地之母D.天后（14）该亚与自己的儿子结合生了12个_____。
（D）A. 奥林匹斯神B. 海神C. 原神D.提坦神（15）希腊神话中的是（雷电）之神，也是奥林匹斯众神之首。
（B）A.该亚B. 宙斯C. 乌兰诺斯D.阿波罗（16）荷马的两部史诗是____。
（A）A.《伊利亚特》和《奥德修斯》B.《阿克琉斯》和《奥德修斯》C. 《伊利亚特》和《阿克琉斯》D. 《奥德修斯》和《克洛诺斯》（17）伊利亚特描写的是____战争第十个年头的事情。
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外国文化练习题第三周Day11.世界三大博物馆是大英博物馆、纽约大都会艺术博物馆和。
2.油画《最后的晚餐》是意大利画家所作。
3.伊斯兰教的创始人是。
4.古希腊的《荷马史诗》包括和两部分。
5.基督教有新教、东正教、天主教三大派别，其中依循由东罗马帝国所流传下来的基督教传统的派别是。
6.魁北克省是加拿大最大的一个省份，也是法语最普遍的一省，被称为“”。
7.俳句是日本的一种古典短诗，由字组成，它源于日本的连歌及俳谐两种诗歌形式。
8.著有《存在与虚无》的法国存在主义哲学的代表人物是。
9.美索不达米亚地区最早的文字形态是。
10.斯巴达属于古代希腊地区的。
11.卡夫卡是人。
12.《蒙娜丽莎》是画家最著名的绘画作品之一。
13.被视为犹太教、伊斯兰教、基督教三大的发源地和圣地。
14.美国国土由本土的48个州及本土之外的夏威夷和组成。
15.建筑是11世纪下半叶起源于法国，13至15世纪流行于欧洲的一种建筑风格。
16.“白底红十字”标志是为了对红十字发祥地表示敬意，其发祥地为欧洲。
17.世界著名的汽车宝马（BMW）的总部在德国。
18.著有《第六病室》、《套中人》等著作的俄国作家是。
19.被成为“智慧之城”的古代名城是。
20.日本第一部和歌总集是。
21.希腊传说中设“木马计”攻克特洛伊城的英雄是。
22.“弗拉明戈”这种舞蹈最早是由著名的迁徙民族从北印度带到了西班牙。
23.毛里求斯属于的岛国。
24.欧洲文学史上第一部大胆接触到了女性性心理描写的小说是，为法国自然主义小说的发展开辟了道路。
25.梅尼特，人道主义的典型，有着悲剧性的人生，他是里的人物。
26.上世纪50年代，美国的被称为当时美国乡村音乐最大商业中心。
27.被称为“世界七大奇迹”之一的古巴比伦空中花园属于文明。
28.美国作家马克吐温代表作品有《汤姆索亚历险记》和《》。
29.先于1998年签署、后2001年3月又宣布拒绝批准《京都议定书》的国家是。
30.马赛马拉野牛动物自然保护区主要位于。
Day21.拥有兰博基尼、贝纳通、阿玛尼、古奇等国际知名品牌的欧洲国家货币是。
2.南美国家阿根廷的官方语言是。
3.著名钢琴家弗朗兹斯特是人。
4.根据基督教的教义，基督教的创始人是。
5.印度和文明、埃及文明、文明和美索不达米亚文明合称为四大文明。
6.根据史料，东亚地区的人类文化最早源于中国大陆，由大陆向周边地区、岛屿扩展。
发端于中原的华夏族率先建立自己的文明形态，并最终演变为的主导文化。
7.阿拉伯数字由人发明的，它在世界围的应用，以及十进位和“零”的发现，对世界文化做出了积极的贡献。
8.罗马帝国时期最重要的文化事件是的诞生和传播。
9.希腊神话和《》是西方文化的两大源头。
10.《恶心》是存在主义的经典之作，被成为“形而上的日记”，其作者是。
11.现代足球、橄榄球、高尔夫球都是出自国。
12.欧洲文学的四大名著是荷马史诗、《神曲》、《哈姆雷特》和《》。
13.世界上最高级别的文化奖项是诺贝尔奖，诺贝尔是人。
14.美国女作家格特鲁德·斯泰因对海明威等人说了一句话“你们都是迷惘的一代”，海明威将这句话作为自己的长篇小说《》扉页的题词。
15.拉美的舞蹈较为著名的有古巴的“伦巴”，阿根廷的“”以及巴西的“桑巴”。
16.川端康成的成名作是《》。
17.荷马是欧洲最早的文学史诗巨著《》的作者。
18.日语的标音符号平假名是根据中国汉字的演化而来的。
19.欧洲大部分居民属于印欧语系，法语是，英语是日耳曼语族。
20.五四时期，在中国最有影响的外国剧作家是。
21.“自由、平等、博爱”的原则最早是法国大革命时期提出的。
22.明末耶稣会传教士来华，为中西方文化交流与互动做出了突出贡献。
23.“知识就是力量”这句名言是17世纪英国著名哲学家提出的。
24.众所周知的古巴比伦王国是在今天的境。
25.莎士比亚四大悲剧是《哈姆雷特》、《》、《》、《》。
26.佛教是释迦牟尼于公元前6到5世界在境创立的。
27.伊斯兰教在中国又叫“回教”，其教徒又称作。
28.马可·波罗是13世纪来自意大利的世界著名旅行家和。
29.“三权分立”是指、、彼此独立。
30.围棋是中国发明，唐超日本遣唐使传播到日本。
Day31.公元6世纪，佛教从朝鲜周代半岛南部的传入日本。
2.片假名运用“简化楷书，”的方法形成。
3.是世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家。
4.伊斯兰教的教义集中写在该教信奉的《》里。
5.埃及的金字塔建于年前，是国王和王后的陵墓。
6.伊斯兰教三大节日是圣纪节、宰牲节和。
7.法国的法语联盟，德国的，西班牙的塞万提斯学院都是旨在推广本国语言文化的非营利性机构。
8.东罗马帝国分裂后，基督教也分裂为两派：以君士坦丁堡为中心的希腊正教，即东正教和以罗马教皇为首的，及罗马普世教会。
9.现代奥林匹克运动源于。
10.泰语属于语系。
11.发过杜赫德1735年编撰的《中华帝国全志》称为欧洲人研究中国的百科全书式著作。
《耶稣会士中国书简集》、《中华帝国全志》、《中国杂纂》他们被称为的三大名著。
12.因火山爆发而毁灭的庞贝城属于文明。
13.米诺斯文明和其后的迈锡尼文明统称为文明。
14.公元前6世纪到公元前4世纪初，是古希腊奴隶制全盛时期，史称“”。
15.罗马人对西方文化最重要的贡献是。
16.“救赎说”随着公元1世纪中野保罗派的崛起而逐渐取代了弥赛亚主义的。
17.卢梭是主义文化思潮的肇始者。
18.雨果《悲惨世界》宣扬了以为核心的人道主义。
19.18世纪末在英国出现的一种凶杀小说，被称为式小说。
20.古巴比伦文学的最高成就是《》，它是目前已发现的世界文学中最早的史诗。
21.著名的哲学家黑格尔是国人。
22.创造了0到9十个数字计数法的是人。
23.算盘是人发明的。
24.《旧约》中哲理诗歌剧是。
25.泰戈尔诗歌创作“成熟的鲜明标志”是《》。
26.长篇小说《日瓦戈医生》作者是联当代作家。
27.被恩格斯称作辩证法的杰作是《》。
28.海尔曼·黑塞的最受西方青年喜爱的作品是《》。
29.构成西方现代派文学双峰对峙的作品是《荒原》和《》。
30.《乞力马扎罗的学》是海明威最为出色的短篇。
Day41.《》是一部用诗体携程的印度最早的文学理论著作。
2.《》是交响乐史上的一个里程碑，展现了英雄主义思想，是贝多芬的作品。
3.白金汉宫是国的王宫。
4.奥林匹克五环标志由蓝、黄、黑、、红五种颜色组成。
5.哥白尼是“”的创始人。
6.咖啡最早的发现者、种植者和传播者是人。
7.洗礼是教的一个重要的礼仪。
8.德国古典哲学的先驱是第一个认识到中国文化对于西方发展具有重要意义的哲学家，其对二进制算术的研究，就曾从中国的《易经》这得到重大启示。
9.古希腊文化渊源于以克里特岛为中心的文明。
10.最早系统提出模仿理论的古希腊理论家是。
11.罗马人为西方留下的最宝贵的遗产是。
12.在希伯来文中，“创造”的主语只能是。
13.最早把基督教立为国教的罗马皇帝是。
14.提出“回到自然”的发过思想家是。
15.在《奥格斯堡和约》之后，信仰成为个人的事，欧洲出现了。
16.式建筑是中世纪艺术最高成就的标志。
17.现实主义不仅仅是一种文学思潮，同时也代表着一种生活态度和价值取向，其基础是。
18.达尔文把人的起源追溯到猿猴身上，这为西方人最终摆脱基督教创世论影响提供了理论依据，也为的产生和发展奠定了牢固的思想基础。
19.哈贝马斯晚年认为，晚期资本主义社会的困境主要是由于工具理性取代了交往理性成为人们生活的基本原则，从而造成人的。
20.基督教在元代被元人称为可温或。
21.“日耳曼人”的含义是。
22.是中世纪经院哲学的代表人物。
23.1095年9月，在法国东部克勒芒大会上发表演说，号召基督徒联合起来，共同与“不信上帝的人”战斗，掀开了十字军东征的序幕。
24.喀麦隆的官方语言是。
25.古希腊文化圈包括的国家有希腊、马其顿、。
26.1492年开辟了通往美洲的航线的人是。
27.世界上第一部较为完整的流传下来的成文法典是《》。
28.二十世纪五六十年代英国著名的“披头士”乐队的主唱及灵魂人物名叫。
29.创作了《新月集》、《飞鸟集》等著名诗集的印度作家曾访问中国，和徐志摩等中国文人结下了友谊。
30.二十世纪七十年代，中美之间的“”打破了两国外交关系的僵局，在中美关系史上留下了难忘的一页。
Day51.随着基督教在中国的传播，传教士们不仅翻译中国的典籍，还著书专门介绍中国，其中法国人杜赫德的《》是欧洲人研究中国的百科全书式著作。
2.高尔基的自传体三部曲是《童年》、《在人间》和。
3.世界作品中三大吝啬鬼是指老朗台、夏洛克和。
4.文艺复兴时期，创作了梵蒂冈西斯廷教堂天顶壁画的著名艺术家是。
5.有“邮票王国”之称的欧洲小国是。
6.当代拉丁美洲作家马尔克斯的代表作是。
7.著名芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》的作者是。
8.阿根廷、古巴、智利的官方语言是。
9.《圣经》中的“旧约”是指在西乃山上代表全体犹太人和上帝所订的合约。
新约是指在十字架上代表全人类与上帝所订的和约。
10.但丁、比特拉克和是文艺复兴的先驱者，被称为“文艺复兴文坛三杰”。
11.伊斯兰教的经典是。
12.在古希腊，泰利斯把万物的本原归结为水，赫拉克利特把万物的本原归结为火，德谟克利特则把万物的本原归结为原子。
13.西方逻辑学经历了古代、中世纪、近代、现代等时期，而提出的逻辑学基本理论（如三段论）对后世影响极大。
14.《尤利西斯》的作者詹姆斯·乔伊斯是人。
15.被誉为“俄国文学的始祖”，其代表作有《上尉的女儿》、《自由颂》等。
16.瑞士的首都是。
17.十六世纪意大利文艺复兴时期的“艺术三杰”分别是达芬奇、拉斐尔和。
18.中国的元杂剧《》是由法国作家伏尔泰翻译介绍到欧洲的。
19.《乌托邦》的作者是。
20.文艺复兴时期，西班牙最杰出的作家是塞万提斯，其代表作是世界文学不朽的名著。
21.墨西哥的官方语言是。
22.法国巴黎圣母院属于式建筑。
23.文化是世界上重要的古文化之一，更是美洲非常重大的古典文化。
24.首先将四书译成拉丁文，随后法国人将五经译成拉丁文。
25.《荷马史诗》是相传由古希腊盲人诗人荷马创作的两部长篇史诗《》和《》。
26.西方精神分析学说的创始人是。
27.真正的美国诗歌是从一个伟大的诗人开始的，他就是，其代表作为《草叶集》。
28.《》又名《天方夜谭》，是中世纪阿拉伯最重要的文学作品，是一本享誉世界的民间故事集。
29.基督教的最高首领为。
30.著名的奥林匹克运动会源自于。