新编英语语法教程第五版3 Subject - verb Concord (II)
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3.2 Problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject
• 1) Concord with expression of definite
quantity as subject
2015-1-21 9
• a) When regarded as a single unit, the verb is
2015-1-21 5
• e.g. Everyone warned you, didn’t they? • Has anybody brought their camera? • No one could have blamed themselves for
that. • Every one / each / each one /*everyone of the students should have their/his own books.
2015-1-21 13
Fra Baidu bibliotek
• None are so deaf as those who will not hear. • 不愿听从的人是最聋的人。
no one 单独使用时只用于指人。 • e.g. No one should pride themselves on this result. • 但是，no one之后接-of短语时，既可指人也可指物。 • e.g. No one of you could lift it. • I reach three books on this subject, no one of which was helpful. • None 既可指人也可指物。 • e.g. How many elephants did you see? None. • No one of them really understands the problems.
2015-1-21 7
• In formal cases, especially in exams, “neither”
is used with singular verb. • e.g. Neither of them is bright. • When used with plural nouns in informal cases, “neither” can also be used with plural verb. • e.g. Neither of the books are/is very interesting.
2015-1-21 8
• 3) Subject + as well as, as much as, rather
than, more than, no less than; with, along with, together with, in addition to, except + Verb (determined by the form of the subject • e.g. Some of the workers, as well as the manager, were working during the holidays. • No one except two students was late for the dinner.
Lecture 3 Subject-verb Concord (II)
2015-1-21
1
Teaching Contents
3.1 Problems of concord with a coordinate • subject 3.2 Problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject 3.3 Other problems of subject-verb concord
2015-1-21
2
3.1 Problems of concord with a coordinate
subject 1) Coordination by "and" or "both …and" • It is usually treated as plural when it refers to two or more than two persons/things, but it is singular when referring to one person or thing. • e.g. Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. • Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me his money. • After "each… and each…" or "every… and every…", the verb is also in the singular form: • e.g. Each man and each woman is asked to help.
2015-1-21
11
• Usage is fairly evenly divided between singular
and plural concord with none of: e.g. None of us has been aboard except Vinck. None of us really believe it’s ever going to happen not to us, she said at last. [Fiction] • However, none alone shows a distinct preference for singular concord: e.g. [None] describes him/herself as such in the party’s official literature. (NEWS) Plural concord is the norm in conversation, while in the written registers there is an overall preference for singular concord.
singular; when regarded as the individuals that constitute the quantity, the verb takes plural form. • e.g. Twenty years in prison was the penalty he had to pay. • b) a fraction/percentage + of-phrase+ (<-)verb • e.g. Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women. • c) "A + B /A×B" + Verb (singular/plural); "A－ B/A÷B"+ Verb (singular) e.g. Forty minus 2015-1-21 10 fifteen leaves twenty-five. 40-15=25
• d) one in/out of + Plural noun + Verb (fml.
Singular; infml. plural) • e.g. One in ten students has/have failed the exam. • 2) Concord with expression of indefinite quantity as subject. • a) all of/some of/ none of /half of/most of + noun phrase of indefinite quantity + (<--)verb • e.g. Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.
2015-1-21
6
• 2) Coordination by "or" / "either…or",
"neither…nor", "not only...but also" • Here the problem is dealt with according to the principle of proximity. • e.g. My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers are coming. • Informally we can have the following use: e.g. Neither he nor his wife have arrived.
2015-1-21 12
• None of + N. + V
1) 当none与不可数名词连用或指代不可数名词时，其谓 语动词总是用单数。 • e.g. I wanted some more coffee, but there was none left. 2) 当none与复数名词连用或指代复数名词时，传统语法 规定其谓语动词必须用单数。此用法得到英语教材和各 类英语实体的肯定和强调。但是，实际应用中人们往往 使用“概念一致”原则，用动词的复数形式。所以， Quirk说：“用复数动词较为常见，并且，在正式用法 中也为人们普遍接受。” • e.g. None of the books has/have been placed on the shelves. • None but the brave deserves the fair. • 唯有勇者才配得上美女。
everybody/everyone, nobody/no one, and somebody/someone combine with singular verb
2015-1-21
4
• each/every… he/she/they • e.g. At the moment each of the girls was too busy
thinking about her own personal safety to care much about the luggage. • But “each/every+ singular n. … they/their” is right as well. • e.g. Each of the students should have his/their own books. • Every member brings their own lunch. • In such exams as TOEFL, the pronoun referring to “nobody/everybody/everyone/someone/somebody/anyb ody/anyone/no one” can only be he/his instead of they/their. However, as English learners it must be known that “everyone…they” is used more oftern than “everyone…he”.
• 2015-1-21 Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.
3
• The indefinite pronouns anybody/anyone,
forms, even though co-referent pronouns and determiners may be plural forms. e.g. [Everybody]’s doing what they think they’re supposed to do. Nobody has their fridges repaired any more, they can’t afford it.
• ---I can’t swim. ----Neither can I.
--- He didn’t like the play. ---Nor did we. Neither is usually in formal cases, but nor is often used in spoken English.
• 1) Concord with expression of definite
quantity as subject
2015-1-21 9
• a) When regarded as a single unit, the verb is
2015-1-21 5
• e.g. Everyone warned you, didn’t they? • Has anybody brought their camera? • No one could have blamed themselves for
that. • Every one / each / each one /*everyone of the students should have their/his own books.
2015-1-21 13
Fra Baidu bibliotek
• None are so deaf as those who will not hear. • 不愿听从的人是最聋的人。
no one 单独使用时只用于指人。 • e.g. No one should pride themselves on this result. • 但是，no one之后接-of短语时，既可指人也可指物。 • e.g. No one of you could lift it. • I reach three books on this subject, no one of which was helpful. • None 既可指人也可指物。 • e.g. How many elephants did you see? None. • No one of them really understands the problems.
2015-1-21 7
• In formal cases, especially in exams, “neither”
is used with singular verb. • e.g. Neither of them is bright. • When used with plural nouns in informal cases, “neither” can also be used with plural verb. • e.g. Neither of the books are/is very interesting.
2015-1-21 8
• 3) Subject + as well as, as much as, rather
than, more than, no less than; with, along with, together with, in addition to, except + Verb (determined by the form of the subject • e.g. Some of the workers, as well as the manager, were working during the holidays. • No one except two students was late for the dinner.
Lecture 3 Subject-verb Concord (II)
2015-1-21
1
Teaching Contents
3.1 Problems of concord with a coordinate • subject 3.2 Problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject 3.3 Other problems of subject-verb concord
2015-1-21
2
3.1 Problems of concord with a coordinate
subject 1) Coordination by "and" or "both …and" • It is usually treated as plural when it refers to two or more than two persons/things, but it is singular when referring to one person or thing. • e.g. Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. • Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me his money. • After "each… and each…" or "every… and every…", the verb is also in the singular form: • e.g. Each man and each woman is asked to help.
2015-1-21
11
• Usage is fairly evenly divided between singular
and plural concord with none of: e.g. None of us has been aboard except Vinck. None of us really believe it’s ever going to happen not to us, she said at last. [Fiction] • However, none alone shows a distinct preference for singular concord: e.g. [None] describes him/herself as such in the party’s official literature. (NEWS) Plural concord is the norm in conversation, while in the written registers there is an overall preference for singular concord.
singular; when regarded as the individuals that constitute the quantity, the verb takes plural form. • e.g. Twenty years in prison was the penalty he had to pay. • b) a fraction/percentage + of-phrase+ (<-)verb • e.g. Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women. • c) "A + B /A×B" + Verb (singular/plural); "A－ B/A÷B"+ Verb (singular) e.g. Forty minus 2015-1-21 10 fifteen leaves twenty-five. 40-15=25
• d) one in/out of + Plural noun + Verb (fml.
Singular; infml. plural) • e.g. One in ten students has/have failed the exam. • 2) Concord with expression of indefinite quantity as subject. • a) all of/some of/ none of /half of/most of + noun phrase of indefinite quantity + (<--)verb • e.g. Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.
2015-1-21
6
• 2) Coordination by "or" / "either…or",
"neither…nor", "not only...but also" • Here the problem is dealt with according to the principle of proximity. • e.g. My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers are coming. • Informally we can have the following use: e.g. Neither he nor his wife have arrived.
2015-1-21 12
• None of + N. + V
1) 当none与不可数名词连用或指代不可数名词时，其谓 语动词总是用单数。 • e.g. I wanted some more coffee, but there was none left. 2) 当none与复数名词连用或指代复数名词时，传统语法 规定其谓语动词必须用单数。此用法得到英语教材和各 类英语实体的肯定和强调。但是，实际应用中人们往往 使用“概念一致”原则，用动词的复数形式。所以， Quirk说：“用复数动词较为常见，并且，在正式用法 中也为人们普遍接受。” • e.g. None of the books has/have been placed on the shelves. • None but the brave deserves the fair. • 唯有勇者才配得上美女。
everybody/everyone, nobody/no one, and somebody/someone combine with singular verb
2015-1-21
4
• each/every… he/she/they • e.g. At the moment each of the girls was too busy
thinking about her own personal safety to care much about the luggage. • But “each/every+ singular n. … they/their” is right as well. • e.g. Each of the students should have his/their own books. • Every member brings their own lunch. • In such exams as TOEFL, the pronoun referring to “nobody/everybody/everyone/someone/somebody/anyb ody/anyone/no one” can only be he/his instead of they/their. However, as English learners it must be known that “everyone…they” is used more oftern than “everyone…he”.
• 2015-1-21 Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.
3
• The indefinite pronouns anybody/anyone,
forms, even though co-referent pronouns and determiners may be plural forms. e.g. [Everybody]’s doing what they think they’re supposed to do. Nobody has their fridges repaired any more, they can’t afford it.
• ---I can’t swim. ----Neither can I.
--- He didn’t like the play. ---Nor did we. Neither is usually in formal cases, but nor is often used in spoken English.