2018上海高三英语二模翻译汇总情况含问题详解

合集下载

2018高考英语全国II卷阅读理解及翻译

2018高考英语全国II卷阅读理解及翻译巴黎参观著名的景点，并在那里度过一晚。

这个活动将让你了解历史，探索新的文化，并与其他学生建立友谊。

___狂热如果你是___的粉丝，那么这个活动是为你准备的。

你将在一个星期内参观___的电影场景，并参加各种有趣的活动，如魁地奇比赛和魔法课程。

你还将有机会在___兄弟电影世界购物，带回一些独特的纪念品。

这个活动将让你深入了解___的世界，并与其他狂热粉丝交流。

活动持续时间为一周。

在常见的浆果中，草莓的维生素C含量最高。

覆盆子含有更多的蛋白质、铁和锌，蓝莓中的抗氧化物质含量特别高。

黄色和橙色核果中类胡萝卜素和抗氧化物质含量很高，我们将类胡萝卜素转化成维生素A。

樱桃富含维生素C，虽然含量不如草莓高，但它的美味无法比拟。

冷冻香蕉是制作浓稠冰凉的水果奶昔和低脂“冰激凌”的极好基础，可以与浆果或其他水果片相结合。

为此，选择成熟的香蕉进行冷冻，因为它们甜度更高。

剥掉皮，把香蕉放入塑料袋或中冷冻。

如果你喜欢，可以挤些新鲜柠檬汁在香蕉上，这会防止香蕉变色。

冷冻香蕉可以存放几个星期，具体取决于它们的成熟程度和冰箱的温度。

如果你有榨汁机，可以将冷冻香蕉和一些切成片的浆果放进去，制作一份“软质”奶油甜点。

这对于儿童聚会来说是一个有趣的活动，他们可以将水果和冷冻香蕉放入机器中，看着冰激凌从下面冒出来。

一份Common ___周一发布的报告显示，青少年和儿童的阅读兴趣正在减少。

尽管过去十年中青少年的阅读量急剧下降，但报告中的一些数据显示，阅读仍然是许多儿童生活中的重要组成部分，并指出父母如何帮助鼓励更多的阅读。

报告的关键发现表明，“声称‘几乎从不’为乐而读的比例已从1984年的13岁儿童的8％和17岁儿童的9％上升至今天的22％和27％。

”According to the report。

pleasure reading levels among children aged 2-8 have remained consistent。

上海高三英语二模翻译汇总(含答案)-word文档资料

2018上海英语高三二模翻译汇总宝山72.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

（optimistic）I am optimistic about the result of the game /match.73. 许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。

（think）Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not./it can have serious consequences.74.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。

(…it…)Driverless technology solves people's puzzle and makes it possible to make a phone call /talk on the phone while driving.75. 人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力了仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。

（...not...but...）The most horrible/terrible/ dreadful/ fearful/ frightening/frightful thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieved/accomplished nothing even though you tried, but that you do nothing at all/give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.崇明72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage)73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。

(knowledge)74. 到底是什么促使你放弃了这么稳定的工作，来到这个偏远地区保护野生动物？(it)75. 人工智能正以如此快的速度改变着整个世界，你很难预测未来的生活究竟会是什么样子。

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

【2018-宝山区-二模】IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) ofthe passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Screen-addicted teens are unhappyA new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time.Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices -- playing computergames, using social media, texting and video chatting -- were less happy than those who investedmore time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, andface-to-face social interaction.Total screen avoidance doesn't lead to happiness either. The greater unhappiness among thosewith no screen exposure could be due to several factors, Twenge, the leading researcher said. “could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school, that it’s very difficult to friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on soc ial media.” It is alsopossible that those kids are outliers, Twenge said —teens with special needs or in specialeducation, or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents.The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use. The happiest teens used digitalmedia a little less than an hour per day. But after a daily hour of screen time, unhappiness risessteadily along with increasing screen time, the researchers report in the journal Emotion."Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase theamount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising -- two activities reliablylinked to greater happiness." Twenge said."By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount oftime they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities andsleep," the leading researcher said. "The arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonableexplanation for the sudden decrease in teens' psychological well-being."Researchers found Teens who spent less time in front of screens and more time in non-screenactivities were happier. But totally avoiding/breaking away from screens can be unpleasant.Limited use of digital media along with non-screen activities works better. The arrival ofsmartphones brings about teens’ negative psychological effects.【2018-崇明区-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do Smartphones Make Us Smarter?Should teachers allow cellphones in a classroom? A recent study on the way smartphonesdisturb learning might help explain the issue. Researchers published findings showing howstudents were affected by their phones in the classroom. They explored the differences in studentperformance in four situations: open phone use allowed, phones allowed in the classroom butcould not be used, no phones in the classroom and a no-instruction control group. After watchinga 20-minute video, students took a short quiz. The result was that the students in a room withoutany cellphones performed significantly better on the test. Scientists believe the way we attachourselves to our phones could be the problem.Smartphones have become so strongly established in society that many people are lostwithout them. We are now in an age when many people can’t imagine life without a phone. There is even a name for the anxiety caused by not having one—nomophobia, which is the powerfulfeeling people get when they don’t have signal, their battery is about to die, or they are separated from their phones. Their fear of missing out on important information or connections can have acontrolling effect on their lives and can divide their attention from other important things likelearning.So does information technology help or block the way we think? In the past, people relied heavily on specific knowledge and knew who in their circle of friends would be most likely toknow things in different subjects. Now, our friend with all the information is the Internet. Indications are that people don’t remember information as well if they know they can use a computer or phone to recall it quickly. So it may be more difficult to move information from the Internet into our long-term memory.all bad. Reports show that But the impact of being exposed to so much information isn’tfrequent Internet use can strengthen fast-paced problem solving and can speed up the ability to spot patterns in a lot of data.Researchers recently found smartphones influenced learning. For one thing, smartphones have become an essential part of life, without which people feel at a loss, thus distracting their attention from learning. For another, people rely so heavily on smartphones that their long-term memory can be affected. However, having access to a large amount of information also benefits people in some aspects. (60 words)【2018-奉贤区-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world –Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries comein all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi River town of Hudson,Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his communitygathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take hissimple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country tocountry. According to , there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around theworld, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that theyare something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes arerefreshingly physical and human. When you open the door of the box, chance and yourneighbours’ tastes determine what you’ll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or atour guidebook.main appeal. “A g irl For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries’　walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; aman on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life,”The Atlantic article. “Every book is a potential source of inspiration.”71.Little Free Libraries, composed of all sizes of boxeswith various themes, have sprung up inneighborhoods across the world. Tod Bol established the first one to honor his mother fond ofreading. After that, the idea spread internationally online. Different from e-reader downloads,books inside the wooden boxes can make readers excited or change their views etc. by inspiringthem.【虹口区-高三英语-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate withother people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by thesimple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are。

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题1. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airportB. In a hotelC. At a police station.D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20B. At4:40C. At4:50.D. At4:303. A. Its priceB. Its locationC. Its comfortD. Its facilities4. A Employer and employB. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit.B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis.B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied.B. Impatient.C. Exhausted.D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job.B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find out what covers the Earth.B. To list all living things on Earth.C. To work out the number of birds.D. To save the existing plants.15. A. It is run by school students.B. It focuses on different types of grass.C. It provides different levels of information.D. It allows non-scientists to review its data.16. A. We may know just a small part of all the living creatures of Earth.B. We have learnt most of the living creatures on Earth.C. Only scientists can help to make the Encyclopedia of Life.D. It won't be long before scientists collect all the data they need. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is a club for people from different countries to socialize.B. It is a club for British people to socialize in Washington.C. It is a club for people from different countries to discuss business.D. It is a club which arranges for people from different countries to do sports together.18. A. Monday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.D. Thursday.19. A. She can study and practise German free of charge.B. She can have a meal in a restaurant with anyone from different countries.C. She can communicate with all the sixty members at the moment.D. She doesn't need to pay for her first month in the club.20. A No activity is organized by International Friends Club on Wednesday.B. The woman came to America three months ago.C. International Friends Club organizes sports events for its members.D. If one wants to join in International Friends Club, he should fill in a form. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being humman. Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learnto change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applicationsD. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely onD. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasiveD. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeableD. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. proceduresD. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blindD. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claimD. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainableD. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objectionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forwardto pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.BEight Days from just E399Departs May—October 2018Includes:●Return flights from 8 UK airports to Naples●Return airport to hotel transport●Seven nights' accommodation at the 3☆ Hotel Nice●The services of guides●Government taxesJoin us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe's most wonderful comers. Long a favourite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area "happy land" —this simply attractive coastline of colourful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant' Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well—known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompei and the "Amalfi Drive", this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin / double room at the Hotel Nice.Like to know more? Then te-lep-hone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766(All calls charged at local rates).60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT_______.A. transport between the airport and the hotelB. te-lep-hone calls made by touristsC. the services of guides to touristsD. double rooms for every two tourists61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B. To advise people to te-lep-hone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.62. The underlined part "the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage mean_______.A. the area is pleasing to the eyeB. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists' eyeD. the area is crowded with touristsC"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressuresof work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common inGermany than in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any otherday of the week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because ______.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out______.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attackB. if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacksC. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attackD. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it sho uld be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world - Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi Rivertown of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to LittleFreelibrary. org. there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. when you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading, a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life, said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

上海市闵行区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

2018.5 闵行(松江)区高考英语质量抽查试卷(满分:140分考试时间:120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He will review 2 more lessons. B. He will study the other 20 lessons.C. He will go over the 13 lessons.D. He will study all the 15 lessons.2. A. His injury kept him at home. B. He didn’t think it necessary.C. He was too weak to see the doctor.D. He failed to make an appointment.3. A. The post office. B. Monroe Street.C. The courthouse.D. Fourth Avenue.4. A. Disappointed. B. Approving. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.5. A. He played his part quite well. B. He was not dramatic enough.C. He performed better than the secretary.D. He exaggerated his part.6. A. He wrote a book about great restaurants. B. He always makes reservations for dinner.C. He read a book while he was eating dinner.D. He always finds good places to eat.7. A. He is afraid he won’t be chosen for the trip.B. The boss has not decided where to go.C. Such a trip is necessary for the company.D. It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.8. A. It’s too expensive to get the apartment furnished.B. The furniture he bought was very cheap.C. The apartment was provided with some old furniture.D. It’s hard to find proper furniture for his apartment.9. A. She is intended to work for the school newspaper.B. The man can spare some time reading school newspaper.C. The man has a very tight schedule.D. The man should have taken more than five classes.10. A. Whether the meeting is certainly to be held on Monday.B. What bad news will be talked about at the meeting.C. What they are going to discuss at the meeting.D. Where the meeting is to be held.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Appropriateness of the programs. B. The operation of national programs.C. The incomes of the corporation.D. The welfare of the staff.12. A. By donations from the public. B. By selling its programs.C. By selling broadcasting devices.D. By getting support from the royals.13. A. Its humorous styles. B. The richness of its programs.C. Famous news announcers.D. Its neutral views on news.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Social progress and individual development.B. Human behaviors and social changes.C. General concepts about psychology and sociology.D. Relationship between cultures and human behaviors.15. A. What is the role of religion or art in a society?B. What is the main reason for revolution in a society?C. What are the causes of antisocial behavior?D. Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?16. A. Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.B. Mental problems should be dealt with by a sociologist.C. Sociology is the study of group behavior.D. Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It looks into opinions that people hold about old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates causes of old people’s unhappiness.D. It reveals the secret of living longer.18. A. Arise people’s awareness of caring for the old.B. Encourage people to be more responsible for the old.C. Help people change their feelings about old age.D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about mental illness of the old.19. A. They are mostly among the 60-70 age group.B. They are mostly abandoned by their families.C. People do not become more lonely because of old age.D. People among any age group are not lonely at all.20. A. They are changing suddenly and completely at a particular age.B. It’s hard to recognize a person when he is turning old.C. Old people can’t deal with events and problems properly.D. People do not change in old age a lot more than in middle age.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)________(late) foreign films. Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. “It isn’t the same,” she says. “For one thing, the screen’s too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!”However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)________ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently—from Mother. “It may surprise you to learn that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young,” she told us. “She used to wait outside film studios all day, just (23)________(appear) in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they (24)________(make). Therefore, she couldn’t go to see (25)________ in the film at the cinema!“All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)________ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)________ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)_______ she could remember her words perfectly. And (29)________ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!“Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn’t in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)________ (go) to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be(班卓琴) song, you’re probably (31)______ following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we’re taught using the “blocking” strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until we’ve mastered it, before (32)______ to the next concept. But several new neurological (神经学的) (33)______ show that an up and coming learning method called “interleaving” improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it (34)______ the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you (35)______ it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skillsquickly and effectively is to practice multiple (36)______ skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive (认知的) learning abilities, the key to (37)______ how your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn’t get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to (38)______ focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn’t cut any corners, so your brain is always on (39)______. Think of the difference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one (40)______ over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 41 of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 42 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 43 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 44 to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food？In the laboratory, chimps don’t 45 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 46 -- he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, 47 , are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this 48 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 49 in young children. One is that these 50 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 51 . Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 52 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 53 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 54 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) 55 goal.41. A. structures B. policies C. behaviors D. responsibilities42. A. conflict B. cooperate C. offend D. negotiate43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly46. A. in turn B. at random C. with care D. in advance47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand48. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences51. A. creatively B. formally C. socially D. competitively52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitiousSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen (氮) dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated bythe reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubblesaccumulate (累积) in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, theconsequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer thisdecompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales,for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That theseancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and,most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.57. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ________.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 ________.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ________.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it(B)However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that we assess theadvantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.60. According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ______.A. making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunitiesD. weighing the choice of opportunities61. The “leftover money and time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ______.A. spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match62. What are forgone opportunities?A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities you make up for.(C)Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的) shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” — the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated (产生) during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life, we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events — until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has itsways of working through bad feeling. Sleep — or rather dream — on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that “dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat” in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that ______.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ______.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB. develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD. show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can learn to ______.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to ______.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Choosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat—and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.68 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2°C to a pre-dawn low of 36.1°C, mental functions fall too. 69The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Quiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline. Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. Success in creative professions like art or advertising calls for a balance between wild ideas and conscientiousness. Without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 请把这封信寄给负责售后服务的人。

上海市普陀区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

上海市普陀区2018届高三二模英语试题考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold B. Sunny C. Rainy D. Cloudy2. A. 110 minutes B. 120 minutes C. 130 minutes D. 140 minutes3. A. Shop assistant and customer B. Boss and assistantC. Professor and studentD. Husband and wife4. A. In a meeting room B. In a reference roomC. At a booking officeD. At a police station5. A. A movie B. A lecture C. A play D. A speech6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset B. He’s an hour later for the interview.C. The woman should be patientD. He’s too nervous to calm down7. A. The man is intelligent enough B. The man does not work hard enoughC. The man should get some sleepD. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his familyC. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the jobD. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9. A. The woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studiesB The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degreeC. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10. A. It ran into another car B. It fell into a river and sankC. It broke down on the roadD. It left the road and landed in a field Section B 15%Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions o n each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise B. Smoking C. Litter D. Drinking12. A. A tour guide B. A conductor C. A teacher D. A lawyer13. A. To prepare people for international travelB. To make the laws of different kindsC. To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD. To give advice to travelers to the countryQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording14. A Conference with the course tutor B. Active attendance and commitmentC. Punctuality and politenessD. Debate and essay preparation15. A. Inform the teacher in advance B. Just do not choose the courseC. Drop out of the courseD. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand B. One that is originalC. One that is revise by the tutorD. One that keeps to the instructions Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache B. He doesn’t feel like eatingC. He can’t sleep very wellD. His blood pressure is high18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays19. A. Every day for seven weeks B. Three times a week for seven weeksC. Three times a weeks for three weeksD. Twenty times for two weeks20. A. Use hot water pads B. Sit by the stoveC. Drink cold waterD. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware(21)_____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered(22)______ (serve)in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East(23)______ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming(24)______ (involve)in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across(25)____ he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that(26)_____(become)rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)______ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interestin architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had(28)_____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29)______ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues(30)____(find)as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section B10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, toNigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple __41__is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic __42___over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument__43___globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, whereper capita income(人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000.___44____per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become___45____ .However, these sorts of___46__might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a___47___improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports___48___imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) ___49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.___50___ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of good and, ____51___, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.___52___developmentFinally, globalization often___53___ a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which___54___ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the ___55___ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard toD. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. strongerD. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countriesD. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. officialD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. thereforeD. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. failD. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth”. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, setting in a neighborhood called Harem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W. E.B Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Back Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into something of a brand nameAfrican Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black businesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This openedup new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people---black and white---began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slaveryB. To find jobs in agricultureC. To avoid racial discriminationD. To gain citizenship57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to AfricaB. He composed folk music based on African American themeC. He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB. The vast majority were considered lower classC. Most were regarded as middle classD. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy59. What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law?A. Spread of black businessesB. Access to higher educationC. Shift from agriculture to industryD. Push for unity among all AfricansB60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of the tours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _____.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ,what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25B. $214.5C. $225D. $239.25CA sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s his tory. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星)which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (火山口)near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected andpreserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in th e rock’s structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor’s crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth’s history. Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human bein gs?A. Because they were very resistantB. Because there weren’t any thenC. Because they lived in isolated areasD. Because they hid themselves in the caves65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC. Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD. When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passageA. The Dinosaurs’ EndB. Crater on QomolangmaC. Contradictory ClaimsD. A Meteor’s ImpactSection C8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knockingat the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fullyremembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。

2018年上海市浦东新区高考二模英语(含听力)试题(解析版)

上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionSection A —10分Directions: In Section A. you will hear fen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Challenges.B. Hobbies.C. Jobs.D. Experiences.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: The set of stamps are rare. It took me a long time to collect them. By the way, do you like collecting stamps?W: Yes, but I prefer something challenging.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Interesting.B. Boring.C. Difficult.D. Amazing.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: How do you find your Shanghai dialect learning, Mike?M: Oh, it’s quite beyond my capacity.Q: What does the man think of learning Shanghai dialect?3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Watching TV and videos.B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents’ involvement.D. Having baby sitters.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Sometimes when I’m busy, I let my baby watch videos. Can t his help his mental development? M: Passive activity probably won’t hurt, but TV and videos are poor substitutes for parents’ involvement. Q: What is good for babies’ mental growth according to the man?4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. A policeman.B. An accountant.C. A salesman.D. A bank teller.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: I need your ID and account number before I can cash your check.W: Sure, here’s my passport and driving license and my account number is on this card.Q: What’s the man’s occupation?5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. 7:40.B. 7:15.C. 7:20.D. 7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Take it easy. It’s only 7:30 now. There are still 15 minutes to go before the movie starts. W: Don’t you remember our clock is 10 minutes slow?Q: What’s the time now?6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He will get someone to do it.B. She should do it herself.C. They don’t have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Hey, honey, can you grab a duster and get this desk cleaned?M: Oh, don’t bother. We are leaving in a minute.Q: What does the man mean?7.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. By bus.B. By subway.C. By taxi.D. By car.【解析】【原文】W: An exhibition of Picasso’s paintings is being held. Do you want to go with me?M: How can I miss it! But with the bus drivers on strike and taxis so expensive, we have no choice but to take the subway. If only we had a car.Q: How will they go to the exhibition?8.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He is not a good mechanic.B. He doesn’t keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he had time.M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q: What does the man imply about Tom?9.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. She has been having a sad day.B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.【解析】【原文】M: Why haven’t you done your homework yet? It’s been a whole day.W: Oh, Daddy! How can I concentrate with that noise? The boys have been playing basketball all day long, just outside my window.Q: What does the girl mean?10.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The man isn’t sure about the rehearsal.B. It’s better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn’t make any difference if the woman did it.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Would it be OK if I wore a costume for the rehearsal tomorrow?M: Oh you would regret it if you didn’t.Q: What can we learn from the dialogue?Section B—15 分Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear q question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11.A. He qualified as a teacher.B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.12.A. Children’s minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children’s time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility of children’s minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.13.A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B【解析】【原文】“You are never too old to learn.” is what my father always told me, and he proved it. At the age of 55, he quit working to become a full-time student at our local university, studying government and political science. I understand now why he did it. Education is kind of wasted on the young. Sure, we teach children because young minds are flexible and open, but making them memorize hundreds of facts is a poor substitution for learning. I think the greatest service we can do is to teach children to ask questions and guide them in seeking the answers for themselves. “What’s the capital of Zimbabwe?” is a much less important question than, “What problems do people have in Zimbabwe?” If people were taught to ask the right q uestionsfrom a young age, the world wouldn’t be as hard to understand when they’re older. I think that’s the way my father saw it.QuestionsWhat did his father do later in his life?Which of the following statement is wrong about memorizing facts?What’s his father’s opinion on the main purpose of education? .Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14.A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people’s reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation15A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don’t need to pay for the short stories.16.A. From the boring travel experience.B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.【答案】14. A 15. B 16. D【解析】【原文】Readers in Grenoble, a French city, can now enjoy a small bite of fiction instead of the snacks from the vending machine after the introduction of eight short-story dispensers.The free stories are available at the touch of a button, printing out on rolls of paper like a receipt. Readers are able to choose one minute, three minutes or five minutes of fiction. Just two weeks since launch, more than 10,000 stories have already been printed.The feedback is overwhelmingly positive. There are only eight dispensers in the city of Grenoble for now, but more are planned to be introduced. Requests are from all over the world—Australia, the US, Canada, Russia, Greece, Italy and Chile.Pleplé, the French publisher, hopes the stories will be used to fill the “dead time” of a regular journey to and from the place of one’s work. In the bus or the metro, everyone can make the most of these moments to read short stories, poems or short comics.The stories are drawn from the more than 60,000 stories on Short édition’s community website. Users are not able to choose what type of story—romantic, fantastical or comic—they would like to read.Pleplé said he and his team initially came up with the idea when having a break at the snack vending machine. They thought it would be cool to have it for short stories. Then, a couple of days later, the short-story dispenser was born.Questions:What is the purpose of the story dispenser?Which of the following is not true about the stories?Where does Pleplé’s inspiration come from?Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17. A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.18.A. Because his friends don’t get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday’s.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.19.A. Paying a deposit.B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.20. A. The film. B. The date C. The seating. D. The viewers.【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A【解析】【原文】W: Welcome to Wanda International Cinema. Can I help you?M: Umm… I want to know when “Operation Red Sea” is showing today.W: There are 6 showings today, one in the morning, another at noon, and then 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p. m., and a midnight showing.M: OK, I want 5 tickets for the 9 p.m. showing tonight. Are there still 5 tickets available that are seated together?W: I’m sorry, there are only 3 tickets left. How about the 6 p.m. showing? There are still 7 tickets left for that show.M: But we have a date for dinner at 5 p.m., so we won't make the beginning of the movie.W: So would you like to see another movie? “Detective China Town 2” is very popular, too.M: No, we all want to see this one. Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for Friday’s screens?W: You can order ti ckets right now for the next three days. It’s Wednesday today. So, that’s OK. What time would you like?M: The 9 p.m. showing. I think there might be more people who want to see the movie on Friday. How many tickets can I buy at one time?W: The limit for advanced tickets is 10.M: OK, I'll have 8 tickets for the showing of “Operation Red Sea”. Are the tickets available?W: Yes, you’re lucky.M: By the way, when can I pick up the tickets?W: You can have them right now if you pay for them.M: Great! Thanks!Questions:How many tickets does the man want to buy for the 9 p.m. showing on Wednesday?Why does the man decide to buy the Friday's tickets?What will the man probably do to ensure 8 tickets for Friday?What does the man insists on?II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma ___21___ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt ___22___ the puma began in a small village where a woman ___23___ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts conf irmed that a puma will not attack a human being ___24___ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at ___25___ place twenty miles away in the evening.___26___ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a ___27___ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, ___28___ where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one ___29___ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, butthe puma was not caught. It is disturbing ___30___ (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.【答案】21. had been spotted22. for 23. picking24. unless 25. another26. Wherever27. fishing28. but 29. must30. to think【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了有人发现一只野生美洲狮出现在伦敦以南40英里处的一个村子里，专家们已经展开调查，这引发了人们的不安。

2018年上海高三英语二模文章分析(5)

高考文章分析（5）The battle for women’s right to vote（1）One hundred years ago, British women were given the vote for the first time. How did it come about?（2）The first appeals for women’s right to vote in Britain date from the early 19th century. In 1818, in his Plan of Parliamentary Reform, Jeremy Bentham insisted that women should be given the vote. Women at the time had no political rights at all– they were deemed to be represented by their husbands or fathers. The old arguments prevailed. Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural sphere” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights; moreover, they simply didn’t wa nt the vote.This was at least partly true. “I have never felt the want of a vote,” declared Florence Nightingale in 1867, while Queen Victoria condemned the “mad, wickedfolly of women’s rights”. Even George Eliot was reluctant toback the cause.（3）It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed. Initially they focused on the lack of education, employment opportunities and legal rights for women (married women, at the time, had no independent legal standing); but the question of the vote gradually became central to their demands –both symbolically, as a recognition of women’s rights, and practically, as a means of improving women’s lives.（4）However, t he women’s campaigningwas still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed; more than 250,000 women protested in Hyde Park in 1908. Many were arrested and ill-treated; prisoners who went on hunger strike were brutallyforce-fed. Over time they became steadily more militant–smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, was attacked with a dog whip. Such use of violence was thought, certainly at the time, to have been unfavorable.（5）With the sacrifices of the First World War strengthening support for widening the right to vote generally, women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home --in munitions(军需品) factories, engineering works. Crucially, Asquith was replaced as PM by David Lloyd George, a supporter of votes for women. The Representation of the People Act 1918 was introduced by the coalition government and passed bya majority of 385 to 55, gaining the Royal Assent on 6 February 1918. Women over 30, who were householders or married to one, or university graduates, were given the vote.文章分析Vocabulary Learning（1）:e about发生2.The first appeals for women’s right第一次呼吁女权3.Parliamentary 议会[,pɑːlə'ment(ə)rɪ]4.vote投票，选举5.be deemed to被认为[diːm]6.represent代表7.prevail盛行[prɪ'veɪl]8.“natural sphere自然领域[sfɪə]9.undeserve of不值得10.condemn谴责[kən'dem]11.wicked邪恶的['wɪkɪd]12.folly愚蠢地，荒唐地['fɒlɪ]13.be reluctant to 不情愿做14.back the cause支持这个事业（1）One hundred years ago, British women were given the vote for the first time. How did it come about?（2）The first appeals for women’s right to vote in Britain date from the early 19th century. In 1818, in his Plan of Parliamentary Reform, Jeremy Bentham insisted that women should be given the vote. Women at the time had no political rights at all– they were deemed to be represented by their husbands or fathers. The old arguments prevailed. Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural sphere” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights; moreover, they simply didn’t wa nt the vote.This was at least partly true. “I have never felt the want of a vote,” declared Florence Nightingale in 1867, while Queen Victoria condemned the “mad, wickedfolly of women’s rights”. Even George Eliot wasreluctant toback the cause.Vocabulary Learning（2）:1.Initially最开始[ɪ'nɪʃ(ə)lɪ]2.legal standing法律地位3.symbolically象征性地[sim'bɔlikəli]4.as a means of作为......的方式长难句分析：It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed这句话是it was not until......that的强调句，解释为直到......才（3）It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed. Initially they focused on the lack of education, employment opportunities and legal rights for women (married women, at the time, had no independent legal standing); but the question of the vote gradually became central to their demands –both symbolically, as a recognition of women’s rights, and practically, as a means of improving women’s lives.Vocabulary Learning（3）:1.campaigning运动，战役，大型集会游行示威2.a subject of debate辩论的主题3.mobilize women调动女性4.highlight injustice（s）强调不公正5.procession队伍6.protest抗议7.arrest逮捕8.ill-treated虐待9.go on hunger strike进行饥饿罢工10.brutally残忍地11.force-fed被强行喂食的12.steadily稳定地13.set fire to放货14.PM (Prime Minister)首相15.opponent反对者16.a dog whip狗鞭长难句理解：Such use of violence was thought, （certainly at the time,）to have been unfavorable.插入语，解释时可忽略不利的（4）However, t he women’s campaigningwas still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed; more than 250,000 women protested in Hyde Park in 1908. Many were arrested and ill-treated; prisoners who went on hunger strike were brutallyforce-fed. Over time they became steadily more militant–smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, was attacked with a dog whip. Such use of violence was thought, certainly at the time, to have been unfavorable.Vocabulary Learning（4）:1.sacrifice牺牲2.suspend campaigning暂停运动3.Crucially更关键的是['kru:ʃiəli]4.The Representation of the People Act《人民法案》[,reprɪzen'teɪʃ(ə)n]5.the coalition government联合政府[,kəʊə'lɪʃ(ə)n]6.gaining the Royal Assent获得皇室许可7.householder户主（5）With the sacrifices of the First World War strengthening support for widening the right to vote generally, women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home --in munitions(军需品) factories, engineering works. Crucially, Asquith was replaced as PM by David Lloyd George, a supporter of votes for women. The Representation of the People Act 1918 was introduced by the coalition government and passed by a majority of 385 to 55, gaining the Royal Assent on 6 February 1918. Women over 30, who were householders or married to one, or university graduates, were given the vote.Exercise：Vocabulary Learning（5）:1.be not qualified to能够做，能胜任做2.be supposed to do应该做3.arouse debate引起争论4.be put in prison被捕入狱5.abuse虐待6.improper不合适的7.imposing强加的8.obedient服从的[ə'biːdɪənt]mit suicide自杀10.originally起初[ə'rɪdʒɪn(ə)lɪ]11.for the sake of legal rights.为了合法权利12.enjoy their right to vote享有选举权63. Which of the following is NOT the reason why women were not qualified to vote?A. Women were supposed to do housework and serve their husbands.B. Women were too weak to fight against enemies.C. Women had already enjoyed many political rights.D. Women were not as intelligent as men.64. According to the passage, why did women’s campaigningarouse debate?A. Because it failed to mobilize women and emphasize injustices.B. Because women were put in prisonandabused during the protest.C. Because most women didn’t want the vote.D. Because all theemotional behaviors were regarded as improper.65. The word “militant” (in Line 5, Para.4) probably refers to ______________.A. imposing.B. extreme.C. negative.D. obedient.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Women stopped protesting for their vote because they were offered more job opportunities.B. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, committed suicide.C. The first campaigning women groups were formed originallyfor the sake of legal rights.D. All women can enjoy their right to vote since the introduction of People Act. 词汇巩固（中译英）Vocabulary Learning（1）:e about2.The first appeals for women’s right3.Parliamentary4.vote5.be deemed to6.represent7.prevail8.“natural sphere9.undeserve of10.condemn11.wicked12.folly13.be reluctant to14.back the cause.Vocabulary Learning（2）:1.Initially2.legal standing3.symbolically4.as a means ofVocabulary Learning（3）:1.campaigning2.a subject of debate3.mobilize women4.highlight injustice（s）5.procession6.protest7.arrest8.ill-treated9.go on hunger strike10.brutally11.force-fed12.steadily13.set fire to14.PM,15.opponent16.a dog whipVocabulary Learning（4）:1.sacrifice2.suspend campaigning.3.Crucially4.The Representation of the People Act5.the coalition government6.gaining the Royal Assent7.householderVocabulary Learning（5）:1.be not qualified to2.be supposed to do3.arouse debate4.be put in prison5.abuse6.improper7.imposing8.obedientmit suicide.10.originally11.for the sake of legal rights.12.enjoy their right to vote词汇巩固（中译英）Vocabulary Learning（1）:1.发生2.第一次呼吁女权3.议会4.投票，选举5.被认为6.代表7.盛行8.自然领域9.不值得10.谴责11.邪恶的12.愚蠢地，荒唐地13.不情愿做14.支持这个事业Vocabulary Learning（2）:1.最开始2.法律地位3.象征性地4.作为......的方式Vocabulary Learning（3）:1.运动，战役，大型集会游行示威2.辩论的主题3.调动女性4.强调不公正5.队伍6.抗议7.逮捕8.虐待9.进行饥饿罢工10.残忍地11.被强行喂食的12.稳定地13.放货14.首相15.反对者16.狗鞭Vocabulary Learning（4）:1.牺牲2.暂停运动3.更关键的是4.The Representation of the People Act《人民法案》[,reprɪzen'teɪʃ(ə)n]5.the coalition government联合政府[,kəʊə'lɪʃ(ə)n]6.gaining the Royal Assent获得皇室许可7.户主Vocabulary Learning（5）:1.能够做，能胜任做2.应该做3.引起争论4.被捕入狱5.虐待6.不合适的7.强加的8.t服从的9.自杀10.起初11.为了合法权利12.享有选举权。

2018上海高考英语二模-翻译部分.doc

2018上海高考英语二模-翻译部分.doc1.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

（optimistic）I am optimistic about the result of the game.2.许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。

（think）Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not.3.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。

（…it…）Driverless tenology solves people’s confusion and makes it possible to make a phone call while driving.4.人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。

（…not…but…）The most horrible thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieve nothing even though you try, but that you give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.1.他在会议上提出的建议值得三思。

（worth）The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second thinking.2.法律和政策应该适应我们社会不断发展的需求。

（adapt）Laws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.3.绝不能任由困难打倒你，因为你永远不知道你离成功有多近。

（account）On no account can you let any difficulties beat you，for you can never tell how close you may be to the success.4.父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健康成长。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

实用标准文档上海英语高三二模翻译汇总2018宝山）我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

（optimistic72.I am optimistic about the result of the game /match.）许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。

73. （think seriouscan have but in fact it's not./it problem, people Many think of being late as a smallconsequences.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。

(…it…) 74.Driverless technology solves people's puzzle and makes it possible to make a phone call /talk onthe phone while driving.人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力了仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。

75.（...not...but...）The most horrible/terrible/ dreadful/ fearful/ frightening/frightful thing that can happen in yourdo you tried, but that you that achieved/accomplished nothing even though you life is notnothing at all/give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.崇明72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage)73. 当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。

(So) 72. Why not take advantage of the agreeable weather and go out for a picnic? (1+1+1)73. When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don't express your opinions文案大全．实用标准文档casually/randomly. (2+1)74. What was it that made you give up such a stable job and come to the remote area to protectwild animals? (1+1+1+1)75. So quickly is artificial intelligence changing the whole world that it is hard for you to predictwhat life will be like in the future. (1+2+1+1)奉贤popular）72. 与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

（）寒暑假期间，我们学校的各类体育设施向市民开放。

73. （access despite智能手机给人们生活带来了许多便捷，但其负面影响不容小觑。

（）74.我们坚信：一个更加和谐的社会将会建成，人民安居乐业，物质和精神方面都将得到满75.(where)足。

72. Going on a holiday with their family members is becoming more and more/increasinglypopular with people.73.The citizens have access to all kinds of sports facilities in our school during summer and winter vacations.eat convenience smart phones have brought about to people's life, its side effects 74.Despite the gr can't be ignored.75.We firmly believe a more harmonious society will be built, where people will live and workhappily and they will be satisfied with their life physically and mentally.虹口文案大全．实用标准文档(stop)应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。

72.(habit)73. 在澳大利亚期间，他养成了每天和父母视频通话的习惯。

(likely) 74. 与成年人相比，年轻人更容易犯错误是因为他们不够成熟，缺少经验。

? 电子白板系统应高效灵活地运用于课堂教学的想法已被广泛接受，难道不是吗75. 近年来，(idea)Measures/ Steps/action(s) should be taken to stop new viruses (from) spreading.1.He developed/ formed/got into the habit of making video calls with his parents during his stay2.in Australia.Compared with adults, young people are more likely to make mistakes for their immaturity andck of experience.classroom applied to whiteboard electronic system should be the 4.In recent years, idea that副词teaching efficiently and flexibly has been widely accepted, hasn't it? (同位语从句可以后移；也可提前）黄浦72. 他一直提醒自己不要对他人太苛刻。

(hard)73. 正如歌中所唱，没有人可以随随便便成功。

(reason)74. 在业余时间，汤姆通过替在外出差的人遛狗来赚取零用钱。

(spend)75. 这家以牛排为特色的饭店很受欢迎，你至少要提前两周定座。

(feature)72. He keeps reminding himself not to be (too) hard on others.73. Just as the song goes: no one will succeed without a reason.74. Tom spends his spare time walking dogs for those on business trips to earn pocket money.文案大全．实用标准文档you have to reserve a table/ seat at 75. The restaurant, which features steaks, is so popular thatleast two weeks in advance.嘉定）（worth72. 他在会议上提出的建议值得三思。

）（adapt73. 法律和政策应该适应我们不断发展的社会需求。

account）74. 绝不能任由困难打倒你，因为你永远不知道你离成功有多么近。

（父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健75. ）。

康成长。

（which72. The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second thought.Laws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.73.On no account can you let any difficulties discourage/ beat you, for you can never tell how 74.close you may be to success.make problems protect try 75. Parents to shelter / their children from and even importanttheir growth of for harmful to /be bad the to which decisions for them, will do harm / bechildren.金山72. 多参加志愿者活动，它能使你成为更好的人。

(and)73. 随着收入的提高，人们开始追求更高品质的生活方式。

(pursue)74. 自从新的地铁建成以来，人们不再骑自行车上班了。

(Rarely)75. 大多数市民在网上高度赞扬这个主意，因为它不仅有助于传播信息，而且还提高了人们保护孩子的意识。

(speak)文案大全．实用标准文档72. Take part in more volunteer activities, and it can make you a better person.73. With improving incomes, people have begun to pursue higher-quality lifestyles.74. Rarely have people ridden their bikes to work anymore since the new underground was built.75. Most citizens speak highly of the idea online (on the Internet), because it not only helps tospread information, but also raises people's awareness of protecting children.静安）听到学校篮球队赢球的消息，我们都很兴奋。

2018上海高三英语二模翻译汇总情况含问题详解

2018高考英语全国II卷阅读理解及翻译

上海高三英语二模翻译汇总(含答案)-word文档资料

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

上海市闵行区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

上海市普陀区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

2018年上海市浦东新区高考二模英语(含听力)试题(解析版)

2018年上海高三英语二模文章分析(5)

最新-2018年、2018年上海各区高三英语一模、二模翻译大全 精品

2018上海高考英语二模-翻译部分.doc

最新-2018年、2018年上海各区高三英语一模、二模翻译大全精品