2016北京大学英语翻译硕士考研参考书,考研招生人数,考研真题解析

2016北京大学英语翻译硕士考研参考书,考研招生人数,考研真题解析
2016北京大学英语翻译硕士考研参考书,考研招生人数,考研真题解析

北京大学英语翻译硕士(MTI)

育明教育孙老师整理,北大考情分析。

一、试卷内容与结构

思想政治理论:单项选择题、多项选择题、材料分析题和简答题,共100分。

翻译硕士英语:单项选择题,共30分;阅读2-3篇,共40分;作文一篇;满分100分。

英语翻译基础:词汇翻译(英译汉、汉译英各15个),篇章翻译(英译汉、汉译英各一篇),满分150分。

汉语写作与百科知识:名词解释25个,共50分;小作文(应用文写作)一篇,大作文一篇,满分150分。

思想政治基础:北京大学的政治题采用的是全国统一卷,难度适中,题型较为灵活。

翻译硕士英语:单项选择题的考察点比较基础,重点基本落在容易模糊的语言点上;词汇难度一般,基本涵盖专八词汇,包括GRE词汇的一部分;语法考察较为细致;较为侧重对语义的考察。

英语翻译基础:词汇翻译覆盖面较广,既涉及到时政词汇,又有文学、经贸法律词汇的相对涉猎;

篇章翻译文学性较强,近两年来的汉译英均选取了文言文或文学评论篇章,难度较大。

汉语写作与百科知识:名词解释部分,北大比较侧重于文学术语的考察,词汇相对难度较大,可能会出现文言词汇或语句;写作部分,北大比较侧重于对时事热点的考察。

二、试卷结构变化趋势分析

一直以来,北京大学的考题难度都比较大,考题较为灵活多变。

翻译硕士英语的难度基本固定,考察点基本落在大家平时会忽略的知识点上,对语感语义的考察较多,比较注重基本功的考察;

英语翻译基础的考察面较广,就近三年的真题而言,词汇翻译部分覆盖面较广,从文学到经贸法律均有涉猎,但总体还是稍稍偏重于文学词汇的,篇章翻译文学性较强;

汉语写作与百科知识的考察由浅入深,从前几年以考察文学类术语为主到近两年考察语言学术语、翻译术语及文言翻译,作文时事热点性强,较为贴合社会热点话题,要求考生要关注当下时事。

育明教育解析:翻译硕士考研大纲

考试科目:除去全国统考的政治外,备战MTI的同学们还有三门专业课需要复习:150分的百科知识与中文写作,100分的基础英语,以及150分的英汉互译。

1.百科写作大纲

考试目的

本考试是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试之专业基础课,各语种考生统一用汉语答题。各招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和其他三门考试的成绩总分来选择参加第二轮,即复试的考生。

性质范围

本考试是测试考生百科知识和汉语写作水平的尺度参照性水平考试。考试范围包括大纲规定的百科知识和汉语写作水平。

基本要求

①具备一定中外文化,以及政治经济法律等方面的背景知识。

②对作为母语的现代汉语有较强的基本功。

③具备较强的现代汉语写作能力。

百科写作书目

卢晓江,《自然科学史十二讲》,中国轻工业出版社(2007)

叶朗,《中国文化读本》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社(2008)

杨月蓉,《实用汉语语法与修辞》,重庆:西南师范大学出版社(1999)

白延庆,《公文写作》,对外经贸大学出版社(2004)

专家解读:50分的百科知识,大家不必一味地纠结于百科知识的“广”,而应该“有针对性地”复习。关于中文写作,是有一定的形式和规律可循的,在专业老师的指导下,练习、修改、再练习,努力精益求精,即可面面俱到。

2.基础英语大纲

考试目的

翻译硕士英语作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)入学考试的外国语考试,其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。

性质范围

本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。

基本要求

①具有良好的外语基本功,认知词汇量在10,000以上,掌握6000个以上(以英语为例)的积极词汇,即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

②能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

③具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。

基础英语书目

姜桂华,《中式英语之鉴》,外语教学与研究出版社(2000)

张汉熙,《高级英语》,外语教学与研究出版社(1995)

蒋显璟,《英美散文选读》,对外经贸大学出版社(2008)

谭载喜,《西方翻译简史》,中国对外翻译出版社公司(1997)

陈福康,《中国译学理论史稿》,上海外语教育出版社(2002)

刘宓庆,《文体与翻译》,中国对外翻译出版公司(1998)

李明,《翻译批评与赏析》,武汉大学出版社(2007)

叶子南,《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》,清华大学出版社(2001)

专家解读:基础英语分为三个部分,词汇语法30分,阅读40分,写作30分。词汇语法部分出题灵活,难度约在专八的程度。因此,同学们从备考的开始阶段起就要多背单词,在此基础上,大量地做单词语法题和专八系列的改错题,反复记忆,总结技巧。

至于阅读部分,传统选择题的难度大致为专八水平,但也可能出现GRE水平的理解题,而对于一些非传统的阅读题型,比如paraphrase,answer questions等,考察的不仅是同学们的阅读能力和理解能力,也在一定程度上反应了考生的表达能力。所以,同学们在平时做阅读理解题的过程中,要有意识地强化自己的语言“输出”功力,不可辞不达意。

英语写作部分类似于专八,但有的学校可能更突出时效性,会出一些与时事文题。对于写作的建议就是,多写多练多积累,最好有老师的批改,不可一味地求数量而忽视每一篇的质量。

3.英汉互译大纲

考试目的

英语翻译基础是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目,其目的是考察考生的外汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MIT学习阶段的水平。

性质范围:

本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外汉两种语言转换的基本技能。

基本要求

①具备一定中外文化,以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。

②具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功。

③具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。

英汉互译书目

庄绎传,《英汉翻译简明教程》,外语教学与研究出版社(2002)

冯庆华,《实用翻译教程》,上海外语教育出版社(1997)

陈宏薇,《新编汉英翻译教程》,上海外语教育出版社(2004)

王恩冕,《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经贸大学出版社(2009)

杨士焯,《英汉翻译教程》,北京大学出版社(2006)

连淑能,《英译汉教程》,高等教育出版社(2006)

刘季春,《实用翻译教程(修订版)》,中山大学出版社(2007)

冯庆华,《英汉翻译基础教程》,高等教育出版社(2008年)

专家解读:翻译基础,也可以称为翻译实务,由两部分组成的,即词语翻译和篇章翻译。

词语翻译这一部分因校而异。同学们在备考时,要好好研究自己目标院校的历年试题,抓住每个学校考试的侧重点,进行针对性的复习。

在150分的翻译基础卷中,篇章翻译起码要占到100分,可能包括一到两篇的汉译英,以及一到两篇的汉英。翻译的类型有散文、时文、经贸及外交类等,需要考生具备较高的翻译素质。

育明教育规划复习全程

第一轮:零基础复习阶段(-2015年6月)

本阶段主要是对翻译理论的流派有一个大体上的了解,形成一

个总体的印象。对各本参考书有个系统性的了解,弄清每本书的章

节分布情况,内在逻辑结构,重点章节所在等,但不要求记住。

1)学习目标

目标1:了解参考书目中基本的翻译流派和翻译理论

目标2:掌握专业技能、培养兴趣爱好,基本了解改专业的知识框架和理念,为下一阶段的复习夯实基础;平时多关注北京周报、China Daily等了解社会热点和动向,学会运用所学知识分析社会问题。

2)学习任务

①泛读书目,建构翻译的理论框架。

②学习每本教材,需在结合自己的理解绘制知识理论框架图构,建知识体系。

③学生遇到不理解的问题及时记录,上报教务老师,并与教务教师沟通请教。

④扩展知识面所需时政新闻。

⑤综合练习:检测前一阶段学习效果配有参考答案自测。

⑥不要求记忆只要求理解。

3)注意事项

①学习任务中所说的“一遍”不一定是指仅看一次书,某些难点多的章节可能要反复看几遍才能彻底理解通过。

②本阶段学习重在理解,不需强制记忆,但一定要全面。

③每本书每章节看完后最好自己能闭上书后列一个提纲,以此回忆内容梗概,也方便以后看着提纲进行提醒式记忆。

④看进度,卡时间。防止看书太慢,遇到弄不懂的问题,要及时请教专业咨询师。

第二轮:一阶-基础阶段(2015年7月-2015年9月)

本阶段主要用进一步深入了解翻译理论,对参考书完成第一次的阅读,并开始找出重点和考点,形成知识系统。同时每周练习一篇老师提供的翻译材料,了解翻译评分的要求。加强对时政的关注和了解。

1)学习目标

具体指定或非指定相关参考书目(据所报考院校为准)

2)学习任务

对参考书进行深入和全面的总结,列出考点和重点,同时多练习相关翻译材料,了解翻译评分的要求,提高翻译技能。加强对时政的关注和了解。同时阅读有关英汉对照。

3)注意事项

①注意理解记忆参考书中的概念、原理。

②将书中可能考到的问答、论述等内容做笔头整理。

③将全书的重点归纳成系统性的知识点,加深印象,及对知识更加系统的理解。

第三轮:二阶-强化提高阶段(2015年9月-2015年10月)

本阶段,完成最后一本指定书目的阅读,并对重点进行总结和归纳。一定要多做翻译,多看翻译文章,制定周和日的阅读和翻译计划。

1)新大纲复习计划

新大纲一般在9月中旬出台,具体复习会根据今年新大纲,编写重难点知识讲义。要根据基础阶段的复习安排把参考书的知识点进行逐一突破。这时,完成最后一本指定书目的阅读,并对重点进行总结和归纳。专攻文言文翻译,每周进行一次文言文翻译,并且每天读一篇文言文翻译。

2)巩固计划

强化阶段要多做翻译,多看翻译文章,加强翻译技能始终非常重要。

第四轮:三阶-冲刺阶段(2015年11月-2015年12月中旬)

总结所有重点知识点,包括重点概念、理论等,查漏补缺。温习专业课和历年真题,做专业课模拟试题。

1)学习目标

进一步完善翻译理论的框架,提高翻译技能。

2)学习任务

总结三本参考书,将其中的重点反复记忆和背诵,做到熟记于心,总结平常翻译中常遇到的问题,尽量在翻译中避免,最后再进行两次的翻译训练。

3)注意事项

参考书回归;历年真题回归;专业课比较回归;模拟考场测试。四管齐下,把前面复习的知识点逐一消化和提升。

第五轮:四阶-点睛阶段(2015年12月中旬-考前)

调整心态,保持状态,积极应考。

学习目标

将重点理论进行最后一次的复习,注意强记背诵。看一些翻译中常用的文言文和散文词汇,熟悉一些较难翻译的单词。

资料来源:育明考研考博官网https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b13489791.html,

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities,and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little, if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist,B.F. Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence, offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say,they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists,in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis,which has suddenly been officially announced,has been with us for a long time now,and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not,it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time,and in any case,the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found,and this will take time,but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on,mankind is going to advance cautiously,and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse,there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations,including the United States,the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account,what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with,the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001,the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million,and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that,if necessity forces exports,it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact,as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety,there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

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