考前训练一

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法律职业资格之法律职业客观题一考前冲刺训练试卷附答案

法律职业资格之法律职业客观题一考前冲刺训练试卷附答案

法律职业资格之法律职业客观题一考前冲刺训练试卷附答案单选题(共20题)1. 甲乙两家曾因宅基地纠纷诉至法院,尽管有法院生效裁判,但甲乙两家关于宅基地的争议未得到根本解决。

一日,甲、乙因各自车辆谁先过桥引发争执继而扭打,甲拿起车上的柴刀砍中乙颈部,乙当场死亡。

对此,下列哪一选项是不需要用证据证明的免证事实?A.甲的身份状况B.甲用柴刀砍乙颈部的时间、地点、手段、后果C.甲用柴刀砍乙颈部时精神失常D.法院就甲乙两家宅基地纠纷所作出的裁判事项【答案】 D2. 关于应当变更为取保候审、监视居住或解除强制措施,下列哪一选项是正确的?A.甲被逮捕后发现患有严重疾病B.乙被逮捕后经检查正在怀孕C.丙被逮捕后侦查羁押期限届满仍须继续查证D.丁被逮捕后一审法院判处有期徒刑1年缓刑2年,判决尚未发生效力【答案】 D3. 关于非法拘禁(使用暴力)致人死亡,下列哪一说法是错误的?()A.非法拘禁致人死亡,但没有使用超出拘禁行为所需范围的暴力的,以非法拘禁罪的结果加重犯论处B.在非法拘禁的过程中,产生杀人故意实施杀人行为的,应认定为非法拘禁罪与故意杀人罪,数罪并罚C.非法拘禁使用超出拘禁行为所需范围的暴力致人死亡,而没有杀人故意的(以对死亡具有预见可能性为前提),法律将其拟制为故意杀人罪D.在非法拘禁的过程中,故意实施伤害行为过失导致被害人死亡的,适用《刑法》第238条第2款后段的规定,非法拘禁罪与过失致人死亡罪【答案】 D4. 对社会主义法治理念的理论渊源和实践基础,下列说法正确的是、( )A.中国传统法律思想是社会主义法治理念的有益借鉴B.中国特色社会主义法治思想包括毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观中的法治思想C.西方法治思想为社会主义法治理念提供了文化资源D.社会主义法理念建立于对我国所处国际地位及国际环境的准确认识【答案】 D5. 甲乙二国均为世贸组织成员国,乙国称甲国实施的保障措施违反非歧视原则,并将争端提交世贸组织争端解决机构。

考前保温训练(一)

考前保温训练(一)

(时间:90分钟 满分:100分)一、选择题(本题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分,在每小题给出的四个选项中至少有一个选项符合题目要求,全部选对的得4分,选不全的得2分,有错选或不选的得0分)1.如图1所示,质量为m 的物体在沿斜面向上的拉力F 作用下沿放在水平地面上的质量为M 的粗糙斜面匀速下滑。

此过程中斜面体保持静止,则地面对斜面( )A .无摩擦力 图1B .有水平向左的摩擦力C .支持力为(M +m )gD .支持力小于(M +m )g解析:选BD 用整体法易知:地面对斜面有向左的摩擦力,大小等于F 的水平分力,F 在竖直方向有向上的分力,故支持力小于(M +m )g ,故B 、D 正确。

2.空中P 、Q 两点处各固定一个点电荷,其中P 点处为正点电荷,P 、Q 两点附近电场的等势面分布如图2所示,a 、b 、c 、d 为电场中的四个点。

则( )A .P 、Q 两点处的电荷等量同种 图2B .a 点和b 点的电场强度相同C .c 点的电势低于d 点的电势D .负电荷从a 到c ,电势能减少解析:选D 根据等势线及电场线(根据电场线垂直等势线画出即可)分布特点可知PQ 两点处为等量异种电荷;其中a 、b 两点电场强度大小相等,方向不同;由电场线的分布及走向可知c 点电势高于d 点的电势;负电荷由a 点到c 点电场力做正功,电势能减小;正确选项为D 。

3.如图3所示,水平光滑的金属框架上左端连接一个电阻R 。

有一金属杆在外力F 的作用下沿框架向右由静止开始做匀加速直线运动。

匀强磁场方向竖直向下,轨道与金属杆的电阻不计并接触良好,则能反映外力F 随时间t 变化规律的图象是( ) 图3图4解析:选B 杆中的感应电流I =Bl v R =Blat R安培力F 安=BIl =B 2l 2at RF -F 安=ma ,所以F =B 2l 2at R +ma ,故B 正确。

4.如图5所示,在动摩擦因数为0.2的水平面上有一质量为3 kg的物体被一个劲度系数为120 N/m 的压缩轻质弹簧突然弹开,物体离开弹簧后在水平面上继续滑行了1.3 m 才停下来,下列说法中正确的 图5 是(g =10 m/s 2)( )A .物体开始运动时弹簧的弹性势能为E p =7.8 JB .物体的最大动能大于7.8 JC .当弹簧恢复原长时物体的速度最大D .当物体速度最大时弹簧的压缩量为x =0.05 m解析:选BD 物体离开弹簧后的动能设为E k ,由功能关系可得E k =μmgx 1=7.8 J ,设弹簧开始的压缩量为x 0,则弹簧开始的弹性势能E p0=μmg (x 0+x 1)=7.8 J +μmgx 0>7.8 J ,A 错误; 当弹簧的弹力kx 2=μmg 时,物体的速度最大,得x 2=0.05 m ,D 正确,C 错误;物体在x 2=0.05 m 到弹簧的压缩量x 3=0的过程做减速运动,故最大动能一定大于7.8 J ,则B 选项正确。

2023年中考语文考前模拟测试卷(一)(含答案)

2023年中考语文考前模拟测试卷(一)(含答案)

2023年中考语文考前模拟测试卷(全通用模拟训练卷)(一)(满分:120分;考试时间:150分钟)一、语文知识积累(共20分)1.下列句子中,字形和加点字注音全部正确的一项是()(2分)A.书法艺术是世界上独一无二的瑰.(guī)宝,是中华文化的灿.(càn)烂之花。

B.人生应该潇洒地活着,不要被生活的琐屑.(xiāo)缠绕;当你面对别人无端的诘责时,我们的内心应该做到坦荡如砥.(zhǐ)。

C.你瞧,在那绿树成荫的两山之间夹着一条大瀑布,急驰飞奔的水流直泄.(xiè)而下,像奔腾咆哮.(xiào)的万匹野马破云而来,又像神话中的仙女披着银纱,在斜阳的照耀下,光彩夺目。

D.节目会场内,观众欢呼鹊跃,人声鼎沸.(fèi);面对如此精彩的节目,面对观众的热情,台上台下的所有人都没有丝毫的倦.(juàn)怠。

2.下列句子中横线上应填入的词语,正确的一项是()(2分)近年来,展现国家形象的纪录片创作不断扩大,创作手法不断丰富,中国的国家形象也愈加清晰完善。

纪录片这一国际通行的传播方式,积极向世界生动有趣的中国故事,展示中国的发展变化,能够让世界认识一个更加真实、立体、全面的中国。

A.领域借助讲述日新月异B.区域借助描述与日俱增C.领域借用描述日新月异D.区域借用讲述与日俱增3.下列句子中,没有语病的一项是()(2分)A.杨倩在女子10米气步枪个人比赛中折桂,将首金东京奥运会记入中国体育代表团名下。

B.通过一对一的学习帮扶活动,使学校营造了互帮互助、共同学习的氛围,学生的成绩有了大幅提高。

C.夏季的云南温度适宜,天高云淡,还有很多独有的秀美景观,这真是十分适合全国各地游客旅游的好地方。

D.“七一勋章”获得者张桂梅,创办了全国第一所全免费女子高中,帮助大约1800多名贫困山区女孩圆梦大学。

4.将下列诗句填入横线处,最恰当的一项是()(2分)哦,逝去的多少欢乐和忧戚,我枉然在你的心胸里描画!随着季节的起伏而飘逸。

2023届四川省南充市高三下学期高考考前数学(理)模拟训练(一)【含答案】

2023届四川省南充市高三下学期高考考前数学(理)模拟训练(一)【含答案】

2023届四川省南充市高三下学期高考考前数学(理)模拟训练(一)一、单选题1.若集合,则( ){}10,lg 01x A x B x x x +⎧⎫=≤=≤⎨⎬-⎩⎭∣∣A B = A .B .C .D .[)1,1-(]0,1[)0,1()0,1【答案】D【分析】先化简集合A ,B ,再利用交集运算求解.【详解】解:由题意得,{11},{01}A xx B x x =-≤<=<≤∣∣,()0,1A B ∴= 故选:D.2.( )sin2023cos17cos2023sin17+=A .B .C .D 1212-【答案】C【分析】根据诱导公式和正弦和角公式求解即可.【详解】解:因为3605182334020=⨯++所以,,()()4s 1in 8202n 3s 3605043sin 18s i 03i 4n 3=⨯++=+=-()()4c 1os 8202s 3c 3605043cos 18c o 03o 4s 3=⨯++=+=-所以,sin2023cos17cos2023sin17+.sin43cos17cos43sin17sin60=--=-= 故选:C.3.校园环境对学生的成长是重要的,好的校园环境离不开学校的后勤部门.学校为了评估后勤部门的工作,采用随机抽样的方法调查100名学生对校园环境的认可程度(100分制),评价标准如下:中位数m85m ≥8085m ≤<7080m ≤<70m <评价优秀良好合格不合格2023年的一次调查所得的分数频率分布直方图如图所示,则这次调查后勤部门的评价是( )A .优秀B .良好C .合格D .不合格【答案】B【分析】根据频率分布直方图求解中位数即可得答案.【详解】解:由频率分布直方图可知,前3组的频率分别为,第4组的频率为0.1,0.1,0.20.4所以,中位数,即满足,对应的评价是良好.0.1801082.50.4m =+⨯=m 8085m ≤<故选:B.4.双曲线 )2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b -=>>A .B .2y x =±y =C .D .y x =12y x=±【答案】B【分析】根据.==ce a b a =【详解】由题意知,双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b -=>>可得,解得,==ce a 22221()3a b b a a +=+=b a =所以双曲线的渐近线方程为.C by x a =±=故选:B.5.在平面直角坐标系中,为坐标原点,已知,,则( )O ()3,4A --()5,12B -cos OAB ∠=A .B .CD .33653365-【答案】D【分析】利用计算即得结果.cos AO ABOAB AO AB⋅∠=【详解】由题设,(3,4),(8,8)AO AB ==-所以cos AO AB OAB |AO ||AB |⋅∠== 故选:D6.一个四棱台的三视图如图所示,其中正视图和侧视图均为上底长为4,下底长为2,腰长为的等腰梯形,则该四棱台的体积为()A .BC .28D .283【答案】A4,下底长为2的正四棱台求解.因为上底长为4,下底长为2,所以该棱台的高为,1h=棱台的体积,∴(128416133V =⨯+⨯=故选:.A 7.为了激发同学们学习数学的热情,某学校开展利用数学知识设计LOGO 的比赛,其中某位同学利用函数图像的一部分设计了如图的LOGO ,那么该同学所选的函数最有可能是( )A .B .C .D .()sin x x xf -=()sin cos f x x x x=-()221f x x x =-()3sin f x x x =+【答案】B【分析】利用导数研究各函数的单调性,结合奇偶性判断函数图象,即可得答案.【详解】A :,即在定义域上递增,不符合;()1cos 0f x x '=-≥()f x B :,()cos (cos sin )sin f x x x x x x x '=--=在上,在上,在上,(2π,π)--()0f x '<(π,π)-()0f x '>(π,2π)()0f x '<所以在、上递减,上递增,符合;()f x (2π,π)--(π,2π)(π,π)-C :由且定义域为,为偶函数,222211()()()()f x x x f x x x -=--=-=-{|0}x x ≠所以题图不可能在y 轴两侧,研究上性质:,故递增,不符合;(0,)+∞32()20f x x x +'=>()f x D :由且定义域为R ,为奇函数,33()sin()()sin ()f x x x x x f x -=-+-=--=-研究上性质:,故在递增,(0,)+∞2()cos 30f x x x =+>'()f x (0,)+∞所以在R 上递增,不符合;()f x 故选:B8.将一个顶角为120°的等腰三角形(含边界和内部)的底边三等分,挖去由两个等分点和上顶点构成的等边三角形,得到与原三角形相似的两个全等三角形,再对余下的所有三角形重复这一操作.如果这个操作过程无限继续下去…,最后挖剩下的就是一条“雪花”状的Koch 曲线,如图所示已知最初等腰三角形的面积为1,则经过4次操作之后所得图形的面积是( )A .B .C .D .168120818271027【答案】A【分析】根据题意可知,每一次操作之后面积是上一次面积的,按照等比数列即可求得结果.23【详解】根据题意可知,每次挖去的三角形面积是被挖三角形面积的,13所以每一次操作之后所得图形的面积是上一次三角形面积的,23由此可得,第次操作之后所得图形的面积是,n 213nn S ⎛⎫=⨯ ⎪⎝⎭即经过4次操作之后所得图形的面积是.442161381S ⎛⎫=⨯=⎪⎝⎭故选:A9.将3个1和3个0随机排成一行,则3个0都不相邻的概率是( )A .B .C .D .1202151512【答案】C【分析】先求出总数,再由插空法,得到满足题意的情况,由古典概型的公式即可得出答案.【详解】先考虑总的情况,6个位置选3个放1,有种,36C 再考虑3个0都不相邻的情况,将3个0插入3个1形成的4个空中,有种,34C 可得.3436C 1C 5P ==故选:C .10.定义在上的函数满足,且为奇函数,则( )R ()f x ()()2=f x f x -()21f x +-()20231k f k ==∑A .B .C .2022D .20232023-2022-【答案】D【分析】利用抽象函数的轴对称与中心对称性的性质,得出函数的对称轴和中心对称点及周()f x 期,利用相关性质得出具体函数值,即可得出结果.【详解】∵,∴关于对称,()()2=f x f x -()f x 1x =∵为奇函数,∴由平移可得关于对称,且,()21f x +-()f x ()2,1()21f =,即(2)1(2)1f x f x ∴+-=--++(2)(2)2f x f x ++-=()()2=f x f x -(2)()2f x f x ∴++=(4)(2)2f x f x ∴+++=上两式比较可得()(4)f x f x =+∴函数是以4为周期的周期函数.,,()f x ()()()13222f f f +==()()421f f ==∴, ∴.()()()()12344f f f f +++=()()2023120244420234k f k f ==⨯-=∑故选:D.11.如图,在梯形ABCD 中,,,,将△ACD 沿AC 边折起,AB CD ∥4AB =2BC CD DA ===使得点D 翻折到点P ,若三棱锥P -ABC 的外接球表面积为,则( )20πPB=A .8B .4C .D .2【答案】C【分析】先找出两个三角形外接圆的圆心及外接球的球心,通过证明,可得12OO O M=12O M OO =四边形为平行四边形,进而证得BC ⊥面APC ,通过勾股定理可求得PB 的值.12OO MO【详解】如图所示,由题意知,,60ABC ︒∠=所以,AC =AC BC ⊥所以AB 的中点即为△ABC 外接圆的圆心,记为,2O 又因为,2PA PC ==所以,,120APC ︒∠=1PM =所以在中,取AC 的中点M ,连接PM ,则△APC 的外心必在PM 的延长线上,记为,APC △1O所以在中,因为,,所以为等边三角形,APC △160APO ︒∠=11O P O A =1APO △所以,12O P =(或由正弦定理得:)11242sin AC O P O P APC ===⇒=∠所以,11O M =在中,,,,ACB △2122O B AB ==2112O M BC ==2//O M BC 设外接球半径为R ,则,解得:,24π20πR =25R =设O 为三棱锥P -ABC 的外接球球心,则面ABC ,面APC .2OO ⊥1OO ⊥所以在中,,2Rt OO B △21OO =又因为在,,1Rt OO P△11OO ===所以,,121OO O M ==121O M OO ==所以四边形为平行四边形,12OO MO 所以,12//OO O M 又因为,2//O M BC 所以,1OO //BC又因为面APC ,1OO ⊥所以BC ⊥面APC ,所以,BC PC ⊥所以,即:22222228PB PC CB =+=+=PB =故选:C.12.设函数,其中,是自然对数的底数(…),则( )()e ln x f x ax x=-R a ∈e e 2.71828≈A .当时,B .当时,1a =()e f x x≥3e 4a =()0f x >C .当时,D .当时,1a =-()e f x x≥3e 4a =-()0f x >【答案】B【分析】令,结合,判断AC ;将不等式转化为()e ln e x ax x xg x =--()10g =()1g a'=-()0f x >,,再构造函数求解最值即可判断B ;借助特殊值判断D.324e ln e x x x x ⋅>()1,x ∈+∞10e f ⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭【详解】解:令,则,且,,()e ln e x ax x xg x =--()e ln ex a x a g x '=---()10g =()1g a'=-当,,∴存在一个较小的正数使得都有,1a =()110g '=-<ε()1,1x ε∀∈+()0g x <当时,,∴存在一个较小的正数使得都有,1a =-()110g '=>ε()1,1x ε∀∈-()0g x <故A ,C 都不正确,对于选项B ,当,则显然成立,当时,即证明,(]0,1x ∈()1,x ∈+∞3e e ln 04xx x ->也即证明,,324e ln e x x x x ⋅>()1,x ∈+∞令,则,12e ()x h x x =()312e()xx h x x -'=所以,时,,单调递增,时,,单调递减,()2,x ∈+∞1()0h x '>1()h x ()0,2x ∈1()0h x '<1()h x 所以,的最小值为,12e ()x h x x =()21e 24h =令,则,()2ln xh x x =()221ln x h x x -'=所以,时,,单调递减,时,,单调递增,()e,x ∈+∞2()0h x '<()2h x ()0,e x ∈2()0h x '>()2h x 所以,的最大值为,()2ln xh x x =()21e e h =所以,,()()()()21122323334e 444e 1ln 2e e e e e 4e x xh x h h h x x x ⋅=≥=⋅==≥=因为不同时取等,所以,,即选项B 正确,324e ln e x x x x ⋅>对于选项D ,当时,(成立),即1e x =11132243e e 2e 11e e e e ln e e 0e 16e 4e e 4416+⋅=-<-<⇔<⇔<,所以选项D 不正确.10e f ⎛⎫< ⎪⎝⎭故选:B .【点睛】关键点点睛:本题解题的关键在于根据不同选项,构造不同的函数,利用函数值的大小,特殊值等,实现大小比较.二、填空题13.设是虚数单位,复数的模长为__________.i 2i1i +【分析】先根据复数的除法化简,然后由模长公式可得.【详解】解:()()()2i 1i 2i 1i,1i 1i 1i -==+∴++-=.14.某班有48名学生,一次考试的数学成绩X (单位:分)服从正态分布,且成绩在()280,N σ上的学生人数为16,则成绩在90分以上的学生人数为____________.[]80,90【答案】8【分析】根据正态分布的对称性即可求解.【详解】由X (单位:分)服从正态分布,知正态密度曲线的对称轴为,成绩在()280,N σ80x=上的学生人数为16,[]80,90由对称性知成绩在80分上的学生人数为24人,所以90分以上的学生人数为.24168-=故答案为:815.如图,在中,.延长到点,使得,则ABCπ3AC ACB ∠==BA Dπ2,6AD CDA ∠==的面积为__________.ABC 【分析】根据正弦定理和面积公式求解即可.【详解】解:因为在中,,,ADC △π3AC ACB ∠==π2,6AD CDA ∠==所以,由正弦定理得,sin sin AD AC ACD CDA ∠∠=sin ACD ∠=π4ACD ∠=所以,,5ππ,124CAB ABC ∠∠==在中,由正弦定理可得ABC sin sin AB ACACB CBA ∠∠=AB =因为ππππππsin sin sin cos cos sin 464646CAB ⎛⎫∠=+=+=⎪⎝⎭所以,1sin 2ABC S AB AC CAB ∠=⨯⨯⨯=16.《九章算术》中记载了我国古代数学家祖暅在计算球的体积时使用的一个原理:“幂势既同,则积不容异”,此即祖暅原理,其含义为:两个同高的几何体,如在等高处的截面的面积恒相等,则它们的体积相等.已知双曲线的右焦点到渐近线的距离记为,双曲线()2222:10,0x y C a b a b -=>>d 的两条渐近线与直线,以及双曲线的右支围成的图形(如图中阴影部分所示)绕C 1y =1y =-C(其中),则双曲线的离心率为______.yπ222c a b =+C 【分析】先利用条件求出,直线与渐近线及双曲线的交点,从而求出截面积,再利题设所给d 1y =信息建立等量关系,从而求出结果.【详解】由题意知渐近线方程为,右焦点为,所以,by xa =±(),0F c 22bc d b a b ==+由,得,1y b y x a =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩a xb =由,得()2222110y x y x a b =⎧⎪⎨-=>⎪⎩x ==所以截面面积为,()2222221ππa b a a b b ⎛⎫+ ⎪-= ⎪⎝⎭由题知,阴影部分绕y 轴转一周所得几何体的体积等于底面积与截面面积相等,高为2的圆柱的体积,∴,22πππV a ===2bc =所以,即,()4222226a b c c a c ==-44226a c a c =-∴,解得,所以42e e 60--=2e 3=e =三、解答题17.据世界田联官方网站消息,原定于2023年5月日在中国广州举办的世界田联接力赛延期1314、至2025年4月至5月举行.据了解,甲、乙、丙三支队伍将会参加2025年4月至5月在广州举行的米接力的角逐.接力赛分为预赛、半决赛和决赛,只有预赛、半决赛都获胜才能进入决赛.已知4400⨯甲队在预赛和半决赛中获胜的概率分别为和;乙队在预赛和半决赛中获胜的概率分别为和;23343445丙队在预赛和半决赛中获胜的概率分别为和.2356(1)甲、乙、丙三队中,谁进入决赛的可能性最大;(2)设甲、乙、丙三队中进入决赛的队伍数为,求的分布列.ξξ【答案】(1)乙进入决赛的可能性最大(2)答案见解析【分析】(1)根据相互独立事件同时发生的概率公式计算得解;(2)根据(1)及相互独立事件同时发生的概率公式计算,列出分布列.【详解】(1)甲队进入决赛的概率为,231342⨯=乙队进入决赛的概率为,343455⨯=丙队进入决赛的概率为,255369⨯=显然乙队进入决赛的概率最大,所以乙进入决赛的可能性最大.(2)由(1)可知:甲、乙、丙三队进入决赛的概率分别为,135,,259的可能取值为,ξ0,1,2,3,()1354011125945P ξ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==---=⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,()135********2(1(1)(1)25952995290P ξ==-⨯⨯+-⨯⨯+-⨯⨯=,()135132596P ξ==⨯⨯=,()()()()43711110231459063P P P P ξξξξ==-=-=-==---=所以的分布列为:ξξ0123P4451337901618.已知分别为三个内角的对边,且.,,a b c ABC ,,A B C ()sin 2sin A B C-=(1)证明:;2222a b c =+(2)若,,,求AM 的长度.2π3A =3a =3BC BM =【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)1AM =【分析】(1)先利用三角形的内角和定理结合两角和差的正弦公式化简,再利用正弦定理和余弦定理化角为边,整理即可得证;(2)在中,由(1)结合余弦定理求出,再在中,利用余弦定理即可得解.ABC ,b c ABM 【详解】(1)由,()()sin 2sin 2sin A B C A B -==+得,sin cos cos sin 2sin cos 2cos sin A B A B A B A B -=+则,sin cos 3cos sin 0A B A B +=由正弦定理和余弦定理得,2222223022a c b b c a a b ac bc +-+-⋅+⋅=化简得;2222a b c =+(2)在中,,ABC 2229a b c bc =++=又因为,所以,所以2222a b c =+222229b c b c bc +=++=b c ==所以,π6B C ==由,得,3BC BM = 13a BM ==在中,,ABM 2222cos 313133a a AM c c B ⎛⎫=+-⨯⋅=+-= ⎪⎝⎭19.如图,正三棱柱的体积为P 是面内不同于顶点的一点,111ABC A B C -AB =111A B C 且.PAB PAC ∠=∠(1)求证:;⊥AP BC (2)经过BC 且与AP 垂直的平面交AP 于点E ,当三棱锥E -ABC 的体积最大时,求二面角平面角的余弦值.1P BC B --【答案】(1)证明见解析.【分析】(1)由线面垂直的判定定理即可证明;(2)由分析知,三棱锥E -ABC 的体积最大,等价于点E 到面ABC 的距离最大,由分析知,∠PFD为二面角的平面角,以F 为原点建立空间直角坐标系,分别求出平面和,代入1P BC B --FP FD即可得出答案.【详解】(1)设线段BC 的中点为F ,则,AF BC ⊥∵,,AP 为公共边,AB AC =PAB PAC ∠=∠∴,PAB PAC △△≌∴,PB PC =∴,又,面APF ,PF BC ⊥AF PF F = ,AF PF ⊂∴BC ⊥面APF ,面APFAP ⊂(2)设线段的中点为D ,由题意,点P 在线段上,11B C 1A D由,111ABC A B C V -=AB =12AA =∴三棱锥E -ABC 的体积最大,等价于点E 到面ABC 的距离最大,∵AP ⊥面BCE ,面BCE ,∴,EF ⊂AP EF ⊥∴点E 在以AF 为直径的圆上,如图,易知,3AF =从而,45EAF EFA ∠=∠=︒由(1)知PF ⊥BC ,DF ⊥BC ,平面,DF 平面,PF ⊂PBC ⊂1BCB 平面平面,PBC1BCB BC =∴∠PFD 为二面角的平面角,1P BC B --如图,以F 为原点建立空间直角坐标系,则,,,,()0,0,0F 330,,22E ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭()B ()0,1,2P ,()0,0,2D于是,,从而,()0,1,2FP =()0,0,2FD =cos ,FP FD <>==∴二面角.1P BC B --20.已知,两点分别在x 轴和y 轴上运动,且,若动点G 满足()0,0M x ()00,N y 1MN =,动点G 的轨迹为E .2OG OM ON =+(1)求E 的方程;(2)已知不垂直于x 轴的直线l 与轨迹E 交于不同的A 、B 两点,总满足,Q ⎫⎪⎪⎭AQO BQO ∠=∠证明:直线l 过定点.【答案】(1);2214x y +=(2)证明见解析.【分析】(1)根据平面向量的坐标运算可得,结合和两点坐标求距离公式可得002xx y y ==、1MN =,将代入计算即可;22001x y +=002x x y y ==、(2)设直线l 的方程为:、,联立椭圆方程并消去y ,根据韦达定理表y kx m =+()()1122A x y B x y ,、,示出,利用两点求斜率公式求出,结合题意可得,列出关于k 和m1212+、x x x x AQ BQk k 、AQ BQk k =-的方程,化简计算即可.【详解】(1)因为,即,2OG OM ON =+0000(,)2(,0)(0,)(2,)x y x y x y =+=所以,则,002x x y y ==,002xx y y ==又,得,即,1MN =22001x y +=22()12x y +=所以动点G 的轨迹方程E 为:;2214x y +=(2)由题意知,设直线l 的方程为:,,y kx m =+()()1122A x y B x y ,,,则,1122y kx m y kx m=+=+,,消去y ,得,2214x y y kx m ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩222(41)8440k x kmx m +++-=由,得,22226416(41)(1)0k m k m ∆=-+->2241m k <+,21212228444141km m x x x x k k --+==++,直线的斜率为,直线的斜率为,AQAQ k =BQ BQ k =又,所以AQO BQO ∠=AQk =BQk-=整理,得,1212120y x x y y y +=12122()()0kx x m x x ++=,2222228(1)80414141km km k mk k k --+=+++由,化简得,2410k +≠m =所以,(y kx k x ==故直线过定点.21.已知函数为的导函数.1()ln (0,0),()f x kx a x x a f x x ->'=-+>()f x (1)当时,求函数的极值;1,2a k ==()f x (2)已知,若存在,使得成立,求证:()1212,(0,)x x x x ∈+∞≠k ∈R ()()12f x f x =.()()120f x f x ''+>【答案】(1)极大值为,无极小值.3-(2)证明见解析【分析】(1),求导,利用函数的单调性及极值的定义求解;1()2ln f x x xx =--+(2)不妨设,因为,所以,结合12x x >()()12f x f x =121212ln 1x x a kx x x x +=-,得()()1222121211112f x f x a k x x x x ⎛⎫''+=+++- ⎪⎝⎭,设, 构造函数()()()2121211222121221212ln x x x x x f x f x ax xx x x x x -⎛⎫''+=+-- ⎪-⎝⎭12(1,)x t x =∈+∞,结合函数的单调性,可证得结论.1()2ln (1)t t t t tϕ=-->【详解】(1)当时,此时,1,2a k ==1()2ln f x x xx =--+则,2211(21)(1)()2x x f x x x x +-'=-+=-当时,,则在单调递增;01x <<()0f x '>()f x (0,1)当时,,则在单调递减;1x >()0f x '<()f x (1,)+∞所以的极大值为,无极小值.()f x (1)3f =-(2)不妨设,因为,12x x >()()12f x f x =则,11221211ln ln kx a x kx a x x x --+=--+即,所以,()12112122ln x x x a k x x x x x -+=-121212ln1x x a k x x x x +=-由,则,21()a f x k x x '=+-()()1222121211112f x f x a k x x x x ⎛⎫''+=+++- ⎪⎝⎭,()()12122212121212ln111112x x f x f x a ax x x x x x x x ⎛⎫ ⎪⎛⎫ ⎪''+=+++-+ ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭ ⎪⎝⎭即,()()12122212121212ln 112112x x f x f x a x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪''+=+-++-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以()()()222121211222121212212ln x x x x x f x f x a x x x x x x x -⎛⎫-''+=+-⎪-⎝⎭即,()()()2121211222121221212ln x x x x x f x f x ax x x x x x x -⎛⎫''+=+-- ⎪-⎝⎭设, 构造函数,12(1,)x t x =∈+∞1()2ln (1)t t t t t ϕ=-->则,2221221()10t t t t t t ϕ-+'=+-=>所以在上为增函数,()t ϕ(1,)+∞所以,()(1)0t ϕϕ>=因为,()21222121210,0,0x x a x x x x ->>>-所以.()()120f x f x ''+>【点睛】方法点睛:利用导数证明不等式常见解题策略:(1)构造差函数,根据差函数导函数符号,确定差函数单调性,利用单调性得不等量关系,进而证明不等式;(2)根据条件,寻找目标函数.一般思路为利用条件将问题逐步转化,或利用放缩、等量代换将多元函数转化为一元函数,再通过导数研究函数的性质进行证明.22.“太极图”是关于太极思想的图示,其形状如对称的阴阳两鱼互抱在一起,也被称为“阴阳鱼太极图”.在平面直角坐标系中,“太极图”是一个圆心为坐标原点,半径为的圆,其中黑、白区域xOy 4分界线,为两个圆心在轴上的半圆,在太极图内,以坐标原点为极点,轴非负半1C 2C y (2,2)P -x轴为极轴建立极坐标系.(1)求点的一个极坐标和分界线的极坐标方程;P 1C (2)过原点的直线与分界线,分别交于,两点,求面积的最大值.l 1C 2C M N PMN 【答案】(1),:3π4P ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭1C 24sin 0ρρθ-=(2)4【分析】(1)由直角坐标和极坐标的互化公式转化即可;(2)由图形对称性知,,在极坐标系中,求,并求其最大值即可.2PMN POM S S = POM S 【详解】(1)设点的一个极坐标为,,,P (),P P P ρθ0P ρ>[)0,2πP θ∈则,P ρ===2tan 12P P P y x θ===--∵点在第三象限,∴,∴点的一个极坐标为.P 3π4P θ=P 3π4P ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭∵“太极图”是一个圆心为坐标原点,半径为的圆,4∴分界线的圆心直角坐标为,半径为,1C ()10,2C 2r =∴的直角坐标方程为(),即(),1C ()2224x y +-=0x ≥2240x y y +-=0x ≥将,,代入上式,得,,cos x ρθ=sin y ρθ=222x y ρ+=24sin 0ρρθ-=π0,2θ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦化简,得分界线的极坐标方程为,.1C 4sin ρθ=π0,2θ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦(2)∵在上,∴设点的极坐标为,则,,M 1C M (),M M M ρθ4sin MM ρθ=π0,2M θ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦∴的面积POM ()11sin sin 22POM P M P M S OP OM POM ρρθθ=⋅⋅∠=⋅⋅- 13π4sin sin 24M M θθ⎛⎫=⋅- ⎪⎝⎭24sin cos 4sin M M Mθθθ=+()2sin 221cos 2M M θθ=+-2sin 22cos 22M M θθ=-+π224M θ⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭∵,∴,π0,2M θ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ππ3π2,444M θ⎡⎤-∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦∴当,即时,的面积的最大值为.ππ242M θ-=3π8M θ=POM ()max 2POM S = ∵直线过原点分别与,交于点,,∴由图形的对称性易知,,l 1C 2C M N OM ON =∴面积,PMN 2PMN POM S S =∴面积的最大值为.PMN ()()max max 24PMN POM S S == 23.已知,且,证明:0,0,1a b c >>>222422a b c c ++-=(1);24a b c ++≤(2)若,则.2a b =1131b c +≥-【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)证明见解析【分析】(1)由柯西不等式即可证明;(2)由均值的不等式可得,由(1)可得()()11112141911a b c b c b c b c ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎡⎤+++-=++-≥ ⎪ ⎪⎣⎦--⎝⎭⎝⎭,即可证明.11213a b c ≥++-1131b c +≥-【详解】(1)由,得,222422a b c c ++-=2224(1)3a b c ++-=由柯西不等式有,()2222222(2)(1)111(21)a b c a b c ⎡⎤++-++≥++-⎣⎦,当且仅当时等号成立,213a b c ∴++-≤211a b c ==-=,当且仅当时等号成立;24a b c ∴++≤11,,22a b c ===(2)由可得2a b =,()()1111412141559111b c a b c b c b c b c c b -⎛⎫⎛⎫⎡⎤+++-=++-=++≥+= ⎪ ⎪⎣⎦---⎝⎭⎝⎭当且仅当时取等,12c b -=由(1)可得,当且仅当时等号成立,11213a b c ≥++-11,,22a b c ===从而,当且仅当时等号成立.11193121b c a b c +≥⋅≥-++-11,,22a b c ===。

2023届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试(一)语文试题(2月)(含答案)

2023届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试(一)语文试题(2月)(含答案)

临汾市2023年高考考前适应性训练考试(一)语文注意事项:1.本试题考试时间150分钟,满分150分。

2.全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试题上无效。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一:在电影《窃贼的手》中,一个有钱的过路人,给一个没有胳膊的乞丐买了一个假肢,乞丐很快发现这是一只带有原主人(窃贼)记忆的手。

如今它虽然长到了乞丐身上,但依然习性不改,继续偷盗,这意味着不但这个乞丐的记忆因安装假肢而发生了变化,而且其身份也不再与以前相同:他变成了窃贼。

乞丐这种作为窃贼的身份或主体性是基于他未曾亲历的记忆之上的。

一个世纪之后,这种非亲历记忆被艾莉森·兰兹伯格称之为“假肢记忆”。

谈到假肢记忆出现的背景,不能不提到现代性与大众文化。

兰兹伯格所重点强调的两大“现代性事件”分别是移民潮(出现在20世纪初)与大众文化。

正是这两大现代性事件,为假肢记忆这种“新的公共记忆形式”铺平了道路:如上所述,一种重要的现代性现象就是大量人口的移民,以及随之而来的家庭、亲缘关系与传统共同体的瓦解、重组,出现了所谓“移民社会”。

在这种情况下,地点(place)就像代际一样,不再能保证提供连续性的经验。

这一过程破坏了代际间的传统关联方式,挑战了传统的记忆形式(比如自然记忆、有机记忆)与记忆传承方式。

一种是电影这种大众文化形式,特别是其与身体的关系。

“电影的诞生使人们越来越有可能以一种身体化方式去体验一种实际上我们没有过的事情”从诞生之初,电影观赏行为就吸引了观众的身体,并将他们的身体“运送”到遥远的异国他乡或远古时代。

那么,大众文化时代“假肢记忆”有什么特点呢?首先,“假肢记忆”并非源于人们的亲历经验,而是亲历者嫁接到自己身上的别人的记忆。

在嫁接和非亲历的意义上,“假肢记忆”不是“自然的”或“本真的”假肢记忆发生于一个人的亲历经验之外,但通过大众文化的记忆技术,它可以像假肢一样被那个人所“穿戴”。

山西省临汾市2020届高三化学考前适应性训练考试试题一含解析

山西省临汾市2020届高三化学考前适应性训练考试试题一含解析

山西省临汾市2020届高三化学考前适应性训练考试试题(一)(含解析)可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 B-11 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Al-27 P-31 K-39 Co-59一、选择题1.化学与社会、生活密切相关。

下列事实和解释均正确的是( )A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】B【解析】【分析】SiO是光导纤维的基本原料,选项A错误;【详解】A.高纯度硅常制造芯片,纯净的2B.铝离子和碳酸氢根离子发生双水解生成氢氧化铝、二氧化碳和水,二氧化碳气体具有阻燃性,选项B正确;C.铝热反应是放热反应,铁熔成铁水,选项C错误:D.乙醇去油污利用相似相溶原理,没有发生化学反应,选项D错误。

答案选B。

N表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列判断正确的是( )2.设A6NA. 在50g质量分数为46%的乙醇水溶液中,含氢原子总数为ANB. 标准状况下,33.6L氟化氢中含有氟原子的数目为1.5A0.1NC. 1L0.1mol/L的氢碘酸中含碘化氢分子数为AND. 60g乙酸与足量乙醇发生酯化反应时断裂的C-O键数为A【答案】A【解析】【详解】A.50g质量分数为46%的乙醇水溶液中含有乙醇23g,乙醇的物质的量为0.5mol,0.5mol乙醇中含有3mol氢原子,含有水的质量为27g,水的物质的量为1.5mol,1.5mol水中含有氢原子3mol,含有氢原子总数6N A,选项A正确;B.HF的沸点19.54℃,在标准状况下不是气态,选项B错误;C.氢碘酸为强酸,水溶液中完全电离,不存在碘化氢分子,选项C错误;D.酯化反应是可逆反应,不能进行彻底,60g乙酸与足量乙醇发生酯化反应时断裂的C-O键N,选项D错误。

数小于A答案选A。

3.根据下列实验操作和现象得出的结论正确的是( )A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】A.NaHCO3溶液中HCO3-会发生电离,电离方程式HCO3-H++CO32-,Ca(ClO)2中的Ca2+会结合CO32-,ClO-会结合H+,促进平衡正向移动,生成CaCO3沉淀,并不是强酸制弱酸,不能判断K a2(H2CO3)与 K a(HClO)的大小,A错误;B.红棕色的NO2也可使湿润的KI-淀粉试纸变藍,不一定是Br2,B错误;C.将AgCl与AgBr的饱和溶液等体积混合,溶液中有Cl-和Br-,加入足量浓AgNO3溶液,会有AgBr和AgCl沉淀产生,C错误;D.生成的气体通入溴水中,溴水褪色,可知石蜡油被催化裂解,生成了不饱和烃,D正确;答案选D。

黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2022-2023学年高三5月考前得分训练(一)语文试题(含解析)

黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2022-2023学年高三5月考前得分训练(一)语文试题(含解析)

黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2022-2023学年高三5月考前得分训练(一)语文试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、非连续性文本阅读阅读下面的文字,完成各题。

材料一:唐宋时期,不少诗人对诗歌写作行为本身进行观照,并将其呈现在诗歌文本中——诗歌写作行为本身成了被书写的对象。

在陈与义、陆游的诗中,我们可以看到其对于诗歌写作本身更细致、频繁的书写,“题诗”“成诗”“寻诗”“哦诗”等有关诗歌写作的表达大量出现,有意寻诗、出声吟哦的诗人形象也越发明晰,这表明:宋诗对诗歌写作本身的呈现更为深细,写作者对自我作为诗人的身份有了更清晰的意识。

“题诗”“成诗”在陈与义的诗中承载了丰富内涵。

“鹳鹤忽双起,吾诗还欲成”“洒面风吹作飞雨,老夫诗到此间成”两例清晰展示出外部环境怎样激起了诗人内心的波澜,眼前转瞬即逝的景致如何被诗人捕捉到进而成为诗歌的一部分。

而“成诗”的过程往往具有实时性、不可复制性。

有道是“有诗还忘记”“忽有好诗生眼底,安排句法已难寻”,诗人内心感知到的诗意、诗人在语言表达上的疏离,都清晰呈现在诗中。

他在《对酒》中的“新诗满眼不能裁,鸟度云移落酒杯”,同样感叹着自己在语言表达上的窘迫。

诗人也常常自发外出“寻诗”。

“柳林横绝野,藜杖去寻诗”(《游八关寺后池上》),诗人专门拄着藜杖寻诗:“醒来推户寻诗去,乔木峥嵘明月中”(《寻诗两绝句》),半夜从酒醉中醒来的诗人特意推开门,在明月乔木中寻诗。

场景本身就是诗意的来源,诗人在呈现出诗意产生的特定情境之后便结束了诗篇,不再述说此刻的感受。

这类似前引“鹳鹤忽双起,吾诗还欲成”:诗人看似只是记录实时景象,然而诗情恰恰渗透在眼前所见之中,诗歌写作也在此刻完成。

不同的是,“寻诗”更能体现寻找、访求的过程性和目的性,在这一表达中,“诗”仿佛成了触手可及的实体;作者自认与读者对何为“诗”有着高度默契,只需呈现特定场景,读者便可心领神会。

《中国近现代史纲要》考前冲刺训练 —— 第一章

《中国近现代史纲要》考前冲刺训练 ——  第一章

《中国近现代史纲要》考前冲刺训练〔第一章〕反抗外国侵略的斗争一、单项选择题1.中国封建社会的基本生产结构是【】A.半殖民地经济B.小农经济C.资本主义经济D.半封建经济2.小农经济的主要特征是【】A.个体家庭为单位并与家庭手工业结合的自给自足的自然经济B.以家族为单位的集体经济C.以机器为生产工具的工场经济D.个体家庭为单位并与家庭手工业结合的商业资本主义经济3.中国封建社会政治的基本特征是【】A.高度中央集权的封建君主专制B.族权和政权相结合C.国家统一和各民族经济文化紧密联系D.结构稳定、延续,发展缓慢、迟滞4.中国封建社会宗法等级制度的核心是【】A.夫权B.父权C.宗族家长制D.君权5.中国封建社会的文化思想体系核心是【】A.法家思想B.道家思想C.墨家思想D.儒家思想6.中国封建社会的主要矛盾是【】A.地主阶级与农民阶级的矛盾B.资产阶级与无产阶级的矛盾C.封建主义与人民大众的矛盾D.帝国主义与中华民族的矛盾7.鸦片战争前夕,影响近代中国的政治因素最主要的是【】A.清朝晚期政治腐败B.封建制度已经衰落C.军备废弛,防御力差D.战和方针举棋不定8.清朝是中国历史上最后一个封建王朝,“康乾盛世”发生在【】A.康熙、乾隆两朝B.康熙朝C.乾隆朝D.康熙、乾隆、雍正三朝9.清王朝由盛转衰是在【】A.乾隆朝后期B.康熙朝后期C.雍正朝后期D.道光朝中期10.鸦片战争前,西方资本主义的发展突出表现在【】A.资产阶级革命的爆发B.工业革命的发生C.机器大生产的实现D.蒸汽机的发明和推广11.世界历史开始进入资本主义时代的标志是_____ 年英国资产阶级革命。

【】A.1640B.1680C.1789D.189812.资本—帝国主义列强对中国的侵略,首先和主要的是进行【】A.政治控制B.经济掠夺C.文化渗透D.军事侵略13.清政府与美国侵略者签订的第一个不平等条约是【】A.《黄埔条约》B.《广州条约》C.《望厦条约》D.《中美友好通商航海条约》14.俄国强迫中国政府签订的割去黑龙江以北60多万平方公里的中国领土的不平等条约是【】A.《勘分西北界约记》B.《改订伊犁条约》C.《北京条约》D.《瑷珲条约》15.1860年洗劫和烧毁圆明园的侵略军是【】A.日本侵略军B.英国侵略军C.英法联军D.八国联军16.近代中国,曾统治台湾半个世纪的国家是【】A.英国B.葡萄牙C.俄国D.日本17.从中国攫取了一百多万平方公里的土地,在第二次鸦片战争中获利最大的国家是【】A.英国B.法国C.俄国D.日本18.割让台湾全岛及所有附属岛屿和澎湖列岛给日本的不平等条约是【】A.《辛丑条约》B.《马关条约》C.《北京条约》D.《南京条约》19.放火烧毁了凝聚着中华民族聪明才智和伟大创造的、皇家园林中“万园之园”的侵略者是【】A.八国联军B.英军C.英法联军D.法军20.规定将总理衙门改为外务部并“班列六部之前”的不平等条约是【】A.《辛丑条约》B.《马关条约》C.《北京条约》D.《南京条约》21.允许外国公使常驻北京的条约是【】A.《南京条约》B.《北京条约》C.《天津条约》D.《辛丑条约》22.首先规定外国人享有“领事裁判权”的条约是【】A.《五口通商章程》B.《天津条约》C.《北京条约》D.《辛丑条约》23.清朝外务部的前身是【】A.理藩院B.礼部C.总理衙门D.军机处24.下列哪个国家掌握中国海关管理权长达40余年?【】A.英国B.美国C.法国D.德国25.将英商进出口货物的具体税率,用中英协定方式固定下来的条约是【】A.《虎门条约》B.《五口通商章程;海关税则》C.《望厦条约》D.《黄埔条约》26.19世纪末资本主义进入帝国主义阶段之后,其对中国进行殖民剥削的主要形式是【】A.商品输出 B.资本输出 C.垄断商品倾销市场 D.掠夺廉价劳动力—…§~~※信息管理系内部资料※~~§…—《中国近现代史纲要》2009年7月考前冲刺训练—第一章—第1页27.在中国近代史上最先规定关税制的不平等条约是【】A.《南京条约》B.《望厦条约》C.《天津条约》D.《黄埔条约》28.1842年,中英《南京条约》开放的通商口岸是【】A.广州、厦门、福州、南京、上海B.广州、汉口、福州、南京、上海C.广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海D.广州、汉口、福州、宁波、上海29.在中国近代史上规定允许外国人在中国办工厂的条约是【】A.《南京条约》B.《北京条约》C.《天津条约》D.《马关条约》30.帝国主义在中国办报纸、杂志,翻译、出版各种书刊的根本目的是【】A.宣传自然、科学的思想,促进中外文化交流B.帮助中国建立民主政治制度C.宣扬“种族优劣论”,攻击污蔑中华民族的愚昧落后D.为帝国主义制造侵略有理的舆论31.中国近代史以鸦片战争为开端,主要是因为【】A.中国社会性质开始发生根本变化B.中国第一次被西方国家打败C.中国长期闭关锁国状况被打破D.民族矛盾取代了阶级矛盾32.资本—帝国主义列强侵略中国的主要目的是【】A.掠夺资源B.开辟市场C.开拓疆土D.强迫中国成为其附属国33.在半殖民地半封建的中国,最主要的矛盾是【】A.无产阶级和资产阶级的矛盾B.封建主义和人民大众的矛盾C.帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾D.生产力和生产关系的矛盾34.中国近代史上中国人民第一次大规模的反侵略武装斗争是【】A.虎门销烟B.三元里人民抗英斗争C.大沽口阻击战D.太平天国农民战争35.黄海海战中英勇作战,最后壮烈牺牲的管带邓世昌所指挥的军舰是【】A.定远号B.镇远号C.致远号D.经远号36.在1885年中法战争中,大败法军,取得镇南关大捷的清朝将领是【】A.刘铭传B.冯子材C.关天培D.陈化成37.中法战争期间,击退法舰保卫台湾的将领是【】A.林永升B.关天培C.刘铭传D.丁汝昌38.粉碎西方列强瓜分中国图谋的事件是【】A.三国干涉还辽B.戊戌变法C.义和团运动D.辛亥革命39.列强不能灭亡和瓜分中国的最根本原因是【】A.帝国主义列强之间的矛盾和相互制约B.中国人民进行了不屈不挠的反侵略斗争C.帝国主义列强改变了侵略中国的策略D.西方列强主观上没有灭亡和瓜分中国的意图40.近代中国开眼看世界的第一人是【】A.林则徐B.严复C.洪秀全D.康有为41.在中国近代史上提出“师夷长技以制夷”的主张的是【】A.严复B.魏源C.林则徐D.龚自珍42.从1840年到1919年,中国人民一系列反侵略斗争都以失败而告终,最根本的原因是【】A.帝国主义势力强大B.中国社会制度腐败C.中国政府软弱无能D.中国经济技术落后43.下列不属于近代中国人民民族意识觉醒的代表作是【】A.《海国图志》B.《盛世危言》C.《天演论》D.《地理大全》44.《海国图志》一书在当时的直接作用是【】A.冲破了闭关锁国的状态B.开创了中国近代向西方学习的新风C.介绍了西方的先进技术D.探索出强国御辱之路45.1895年,严复在《救亡决论》一文中响亮地喊出的口号是【】A.“振兴中华”B.“物竞天择”C.“适者生存”D.“救亡”46.1894年11月喊出了“振兴中华”这个时代最强音的是【】A.洪秀全B.严复C.孙中山D.康有为二、多项选择题1.在中国封建社会,常常结合在一起的三个阶层是【】A.官僚B.地主C.商人D.高利贷者2.中国封建社会的封建宗法等级制度突出的是【】A.君权B.父权C.夫权D.子权3.在资本主义制度确立和工业革命之后,殖民主义者对外扩张的途径是【】A.军事侵略 B.经济侵略 C.文化侵略 D.政治侵略4.促使西方列强发动对中国的侵略战争的主要原因是【】A.西方列强开辟新的市场的需要B.西方列强转移国内矛盾的需要C.中国清政府的闭关政策D.西方列强和中国的贸易摩擦5.19世纪五六十年代,沙皇俄国趁火打劫,通过一系列条约侵吞我国领土144万多平方公里,这些条约是【】A.中俄《瑷珲条约》 B.中俄《北京条约》C.中俄《勘分西北界约记》D.《改订伊犁条约》6.19世纪40年代,西方殖民者通过哪些手段,使中国一步步沦为半殖民地半封建社会?【】A.军事侵略B.政治控制C.经济掠夺D.文化渗透7.第二次鸦片战争前西方列强迫使中国政府签订的不平等条约有【】—…§~~※信息管理系内部资料※~~§…—《中国近现代史纲要》2009年7月考前冲刺训练—第一章—第2页A.《南京条约》B.《望厦条约》C.《黄埔条约》D.《马关条约》8.第二次鸦片战争到八国联军侵华战争期间,西方列强迫使中国政府签订的不平等条约有【】A.《南京条约》B.《天津条约》C.《马关条约》D.《北京条约》9.1842年中英《南京条约》的主要内容是【】A.割让香港B.赔款2100万元C.开放广州等五个通商口岸D.协定关税10.1860年与清政府签订《北京条约》的国家有【】A.英国B.法国C.日本D.俄国11.与清政府签订《天津条约》的国家有【】A.英国B.俄国C.法国D.日本12.中日甲午战争后,根据《马关条约》的规定,清政府应将下列哪些地区割让给日本?【】A.海南岛B.台湾全岛及附属岛屿C.澎湖列岛D.辽东半岛13.资本—帝国主义列强通过军事侵略和不平等条约对中国进行政治控制,表现在【】A.控制中国内政B.操纵中国外交C.享有领事裁判权,把持中国海关D.勾结清政府,镇压中国人民的反抗斗争14.三国“干涉还辽”中的“三国”指的是【】A.美国B.俄国C.德国D.法国15.1842年,《南京条约》规定开放的通商口岸城市,除上海外,还有【】A.广州B.厦门C.福州D.宁波16.西方列强在华的经济掠夺手段包括【】A.控制中国通商口岸B.剥夺中国关税自主权C.对华进行商品输出和资本输出D.操纵中国的经济命脉17.1858年,《天津条约》规定开放的通商口岸城市有【】A.上海B.汉口C.南京D.九江18.甲午战争以后,西方列强对中国的经济侵略开始以资本输出为主,并逐渐操纵中国的经济命脉,主要表现有【】A.在中国投资开设工厂 B.在中国增设银行C.投资修筑铁路,控制交通事业D.迫使清政府举借外债19.鸦片战争以后,西方资本主义列强对中国进行赤裸裸的文化侵略,主要表现在【】A.建立教堂,派遣大批传教士到中国传教B.包庇教徒不法行为,强迫中国教民抛弃传统礼俗C.创办中外文报刊,为帝国主义侵略进行辩护D.宣扬“种族优劣论”,制造侵略有理的舆论20.西方教会中一部分人利用传教和以传播西学的名义为外国列强侵华制造舆论,较早的外文期刊有【】A.《中国丛报》 B.《北华捷报》(后改名《字林西报》)C.《万国公报》D.《时务报》21.鸦片战争以后,中国社会发生的两个根本性变化是【】A.中国的白银大量外流,出现财政危机B.独立的中国逐步变成半殖民地的中国C.中国人的身体和精神遭到前所未有的毒害D.封建的中国逐步变成半封建的中国22.随着近代中国从封建社会逐步演变为半殖民地半封建社会,中国社会出现了新兴阶级,它们是【】A.地主阶级B.农民阶级C.工人阶级D.资产阶级23.中国工人阶级具有世界无产阶级的共同优点,但又有其特点,主要是【】A.深受帝国主义、封建势力和资产阶级三重压迫和剥削,其革命性最强B.它人数虽少,但相对集中,便于形成革命的力量和传播先进的思想C.同农民有着天然的联系,便于结成工农联盟D.先进生产力的代表者24.半殖民地半封建社会的中国的主要矛盾是【】A.帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾B.资产阶级与无产阶级的矛盾C.封建主义和人民大众的矛盾D.农民阶级与地主阶级的矛盾25.近代半殖民地半封建社会,中国人民的两大历史任务是【】A.争取民族独立,人民解放B.反抗帝国主义的的侵略C.反抗封建主义的压迫D.实现国家富强、人民富裕26.在中日甲午战争中,为国捐躯的清朝海军将领有【】A.左宝贵B.丁汝昌C.邓世昌D.刘步蟾27.在威海战斗中殉国的北洋舰队将领有【】A.邓世昌B.刘步蟾C.丁汝昌D.左宝贵28.19世纪末期,帝国主义列强瓜分中国的图谋并未实现,其原因有【】A.帝国主义列强之间的矛盾和相互制约B.中国人民进行了不屈不挠地反侵略斗争C.清政府与列强相勾结D.中国地域过于广阔29.1840~1919年中国人民为反对外来侵略进行了英勇斗争,但都失败了,究其原因,主要是【】A.资本—帝国主义过于强大 B.中国经济技术落后C.中国军队的衰败D.中国社会制度的腐败—…§~~※信息管理系内部资料※~~§…—《中国近现代史纲要》2009年7月考前冲刺训练—第一章—第3页。

(完整)高三物理高考考前基础题训练

(完整)高三物理高考考前基础题训练

高三物理考前基础题训练11.一物体作匀变速直线运动,某时刻速度的大小是4m/s ,1s 后速度的大小变为10m/s 。

在这1s 内该物体的位移可能是 ,加速度大小可能是 。

2.一列火车做匀变速直线运动驶来,一人在轨道旁观察火车的运动,发现在相邻的两个10s 内,列车从他跟前分别驶过8节车厢和6节车厢,每节车厢的长为6m ,不计连接处的长度,则火车的加速度为 。

3.一颗子弹沿水平方向射来,恰穿透三块木板,所用时间之比为3:2:1,则三块木板厚度之比为 。

恰穿透三块相同的木板,则子弹穿过三块木板所用的时间之比为______ __。

设子弹穿过木板时的加速度恒定。

4.有两个光滑固定斜面AB 和BC ,A 和C 两点在同一水平面上,斜面BC 比斜面AB长,如图所示,一个滑块自A 点以速度v A 上滑,到达B 点时速度减小为0,紧接着沿BC 滑下,设滑块从A 点到C 点的时间为t c ,那么图中正确表示滑块速度大小V 随时间t 变化规律的是( )5.一跳水运动员从离水面10m 高的平台上向上跃起,举双臂直体离开台面,此时其重心位于从手到脚全长的中点。

跃起后重心升高0.45m 达到最高点,落水时身体竖直,手先入水(在此过程中运动员水平方向的运动忽略不计),从离开跳台到手触水面,他可用于完成空中动作的时间是__________s 。

(计算时,可以把运动员看作全部质量集中在重心的一个质点,g 取为10m/s 2,结果保留二位数字)。

6.气球以1m/s 2的加速度由静止开始从地面竖直上升,在10s 末有一个物体从气球上自由落下,这个物体从离开气球到落地所需要的时间是多少?落地时的速度有多大?7.乘客在地铁列车中能忍受的最大加速度是1.4m/s 2,已知两车相距560m ,求:(1) 列车在这两站间的行驶时间至少是多少? (2) 列车在这两站间的最大行驶速度是多大?8.甲、乙同时同向运动,乙在前面做加速度为a 1,初速度为0的匀加速直线运动。

地理 考前适应性训练(一)

地理 考前适应性训练(一)

考前适应性仿真训练(一)一、选择题(2017·四川四市联考)这是一个神奇的岛屿,岛上70%的动物是世界上独有的,80%的树木和植物在世界上也是独一无二的.岛上的孤猴已经完成了长达5 500万年的进化历程。

如图示意该岛屿等高线地形,读图回答1~3题。

1.影响该岛屿R城市分布的主导因素是()A.大气环流B.纬度位置C.海拔高度D.洋流性质2.该岛屿物种独一无二,其根本原因是()A.脱离大陆较早B.开发历史较早C.环境比较单一D.缺少大型天敌3.该岛屿孤猴集中分布区的自然景观是()A.荒漠B.草原C.绿洲D.森林解析:1。

C2。

A3。

D第1题,城市聚落往往布局在气候适宜,交通便利的地区,由图示的经纬度信息和海陆轮廓信息可以判断该岛屿为马达加斯加岛,岛屿东部为热带雨林气候,西部为热带草原气候,根据图示等高线信息可知R市的海拔较高,故气候较凉爽,适宜人类居住,C选项符合题意。

第2题,图示岛屿脱离非洲大陆较早,故地理位置偏僻,自身物种进化具有独特性,物种显得独一无二,A选项正确.第3题,该岛屿东部为热带雨林景观,西部为草原景观,全年高温,降水相对丰富,无荒漠和绿洲分布,A、C选项错误;孤猴属于森林杂食动物,不属于草原食草动物,故该岛屿孤猴集中分布区的自然景观是森林,B选项错误,D选项正确。

如图为我国亚热带季风气候区某区域等高线(单位:m)分布示意图,图中水库水面海拔165 m。

读图完成4~6题。

4.图中古牌坊与甲山峰之间的相对高度可能是()A.1 050 m B.985 mC.915 m D.790 m5.图中村落因多古祠堂、古民居、古牌坊等而著名,驴友小王想拍摄村落全貌,在①②③④四处应选择的拍摄点是()A.①处B.②处C.③处D.④处6.每年三四月份,该地油菜花盛开,平地、山坡一片金黄,蔚为壮观.乙处山坡上分布有坡耕地和梯田,开垦初期,坡耕地上的油菜亩产量要高于同等条件(海拔、土壤、油菜品种等)的梯田,主要原因是()①坡耕地日照时间长于梯田②油菜生长季节坡耕地单位面积上获得的平均太阳辐射量大于梯田③坡耕地的油菜植株接受太阳辐射的表面积比梯田上的大④坡耕地的保水效果好于梯田A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④解析:4.C5。

2024届江苏省南京市高三下学期考前综合训练题(一)英语试题

2024届江苏省南京市高三下学期考前综合训练题(一)英语试题

2024届江苏省南京市高三下学期考前综合训练题(一)英语试题一、阅读理解The Shanghai Museum has announced its 2024 exhibition list, and “Top of the Pyramids, Ancient Egyptian Civilization Exhibition” will be the most anticipated.Running from July 19 to August 17, 2025, the one-year exhibition features the world’s largest and Asia’s highest level of ancient Egyptian cultural relics (文物) seen outside the country of Egypt. More than 95 percent of the Egyptian relics in this show are coming to Asia for the first time. It is also China’s first cooperation with the Egyptian government.Occupying three exhibition halls on the first floor at the Shanghai Museum, the exhibition will display nearly 500 groups of 800 ancient Egyptian relics.To be in concert with this exhibition, “Disappearing Pharaoh Khufu”, an immersive (沉浸的) exhibition, will be held at the same time on the second floor at the museum. Through the top virtual reality technology, visitors are able to travel back to the mysterious Egyptian civilization 4,500 years ago through a 45-minute digital experience.Besides this exhibition, the Shanghai Museum will also arrange a group of overseas exhibitions to spread traditional Chinese culture and art to more people. Among them, “China’s Han Dynasty cultural relics exhibition” will be on display in Hungary from January to June, showing the artistic and cultural achievements during the Han Dynasty. “The World of Marco Polo” will be shown from April to September in Italy and “The Beauty of Chinese Ceramics” in Japan from October to March, 2025.1.What’s special about the Egyptian cultural relics show?A.It displays relics hardly shown in Asia before.B.It features a VR experience in 3 exhibition halls.C.It marks Egypt’s first overseas exhibition of relics.D.It witnesses the long-term China-Egypt cooperation.2.Which exhibition will be shown in Italy?A.Disappearing Pharaoh Khufu.B.China’s Han Dynasty cultural relics exhibition.C.The World of Marco Polo.D.The Beauty of Chinese Ceramics.3.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A travel schedule.B.A local newspaper.C.A museum brochure.D.An official document.Last year I averaged 9,370 steps a day. My smartphone counted. My daily aim? Ten thousand steps. Because goals.Yet the concept of taking 10,000 steps a day to maintain health is rooted not in science but in marketing. In the 1960s, a Japanese company invented an early pedometer (计步器). Because the Japanese character for “10,000” looks like a person walking, the company called its device the 10,000-step meter. “It was just sort of a catchy phrase,” says I-Min Lee, a scientist at Harvard Medical School.In 2019, Lee published a study investigating the actual effects of meeting the 10,000-step goal. The result? Some movement is good, and more is better, but the benefits decline at some point. Your personal peak depends on your age. People younger than 60 should indeed walk 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day to get the best benefits in terms of lifespan (寿命). People older than 60 show the most benefit between 6,000 and 8,000 steps.The difference is energy consumption. “We basically relate energy consumption to health outcomes,” Lee says. Walking for 60 minutes at 3.3 miles an hour and running for 30 minutes at 6 miles an hour use the same amount of energy. “The older you are, the less efficient you are with your steps,” Lee says. “Per step, older people use more energy.” Thus, they need fewer steps to achieve the same benefits.Newer studies are moving beyond death rates to ask questions about the way steps may help to control blood pressure and weight. The goal, after all, is not just to live longer but to live healthier. Ful results are not in yet, so Lee’s advice is: “Tailor your steps according to what you are trying to achieve and according to who you are.”4.The concept of taking 10,000 steps daily arises from ______.A.the findings of scientific surveys B.the formation of a Japanese characterC.a marketing trick D.a healthy habit5.What does Lee’s research find?A.Walking step targets vary with age.B.Walking more makes one look younger.C.Old people benefit more from walking longer.D.Reaching 10,000 steps daily appeals to many.6.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The difference in energy consumption among age groups.B.The contrast between the benefits of walking and running.C.The reason for setting different step goals based on age.D.The link between energy consumption and health outcomes.7.What will newer studies focus on?A.How steps change one’s lifestyle.B.How steps affect one’s lifespan.C.How steps reduce death rates.D.How steps boost healthy living.We go through life assuming we’re in charge of our own minds —until temptation (诱惑) strikes. Few things better illustrate how little control we really have. You can know exactly what you should do (decline the second slice of cake or the third cocktail), but that hardly seems to matter when the urge arises. More self-discipline is rarely the answer, though. Instead, if you can understand what’s going on inside your head when temptation comes, you’ll be far better placed to make a healthier choice.Sometimes, you need to push yourself, the idea behind which, in psychology, is to make the better choice the easier choice. (School pupils eat more healthily, it’s been shown, when the salads are within easier reach than the chips.) So, instead of relying on willpower, stop keeping ice creams in your freezer! Use StayFocused or similar apps to block distracting websites. Change your environment, and temptation will be a non-issue.For every person, behind every bad habit, there's a reasonable desire: some people eat or drink too much because they're lonely, or smoke to get a break from a busy schedule. Once you’ve uncovered this underlying need, find a different way to meet it: call a friend; take a coffee break instead of a cigarette break. There’s nothing wrong with the need—only with the way you’recurrently meeting it.It’s a strange truth that we’ll break all sorts of promises to ourselves— yet most of us would never fail to show up at a prearranged meeting with a friend. Involve others in your temptation-resistance efforts, whether it's asking someone to check in weekly to see if you’re sticking to your plan, or never going shopping alone if you’re subject to impulse purchases. Best of all, launch a joint plan, in which two of you decide to give up a bad habit. That turns a challenge into a fun game.8.What does “that” mean in paragraph 1?A.Temptation.B.Self-awareness.C.Choice.D.Self-motivation.9.Which should be a good choice if you feel worn out from a packed timetable?A.Exercise strong willpower over it.B.Keep ice creams within easy reach.C.Use StayFocused to refresh yourself.D.Chat with a friend over a cup of coffee.10.What does the author suggest you do according to paragraph 4?A.Seek partners’ support.B.Leave challenges behind.C.Keep your promises.D.Say no to playing games.11.What is the text mainly about?A.What causes temptation.B.How to keep temptation at bay.C.Why urges set in.D.How to keep life under control.While lifting weights one day, I heard a loud click on my back. I was rushed to the emergency room, where I was told the pain would eventually disappear. It didn’t, however. What I’ve learned about pain since then — both as a patient and as a physician — has me questioning how we treat it.Vania Apkarian, one of the world’s leading pain researchers, told me the classic idea is that pain continues as long as the injury does, but the injury and pain it produces end up being separate. “Although MRIs (核磁共振) are reliable indicators of injury, they are not reliable indicators of pain,” he says. A review of 33 studies found that among a group of 20-year-olds without any backpain, 37 percent had disc degeneration (腰椎间盘退化) on MRI. And in people whose backs hurt, MRI results have absolutely no connection with their pain.This is a really big deal: millions of people in the U.S. alone get MRIs for back pain. Yet 5 percent of them were medically justified, and of those who received MRIs, 65 percent received potentially harmful advice — including calls for risky back surgery that probably wouldn’t have resolved their pain. I could have been one of those people, yet when I took my MRI films to an experienced surgeon, he told me an operation might leave my back worse off.If MRI doesn’t explain long-lasting pains, what does? One major factor is our mentality. A recent trial has revealed the power of therapies (疗法) that target how we think about discomfort. People who are anxious about being in pain are twice as likely to develop long time pain.A thorough examination of pain and its origins should encourage efforts to make sure everyone in pain receives kindness and respect, as well as access to more than pills and surgical procedures. Fully accepting the complexity of pain can open the door to new and innovative ways to ensure that even if we hurt, we don’t have to suffer.12.What does paragraph 2 imply?A.Back pain is not necessarily an emergency case.B.MRI tests can’t give a full picture of one’s condition.C.Minor injuries can lead to severe pain.D.Bone problems begin to bother the young.13.What can we learn from the author’s personal story?A.He found his back surgery medically justified.B.The surgeon misled him about the back injury.C.A surgery might do him more harm than good.D.Being a physician helps him treat his back pain.14.According to the author, what should a patient with long-lasting pain do?A.Consult professionals to receive surgeries.B.Have painkillers as early as possible.C.Take comprehensive MRI examinations.D.Acquire a thorough understanding of the pain.15.What is a suitable title for the text?A.Origins of pain.B.Killers of pain.C.Victims of pain.D.Effects of pain.On a beautiful Saturday morning, I went for a run in the park. I got to about a mile and a half, through rose gardens and around trees. 16 . The next thing I remember was two worried faces looking down at me.They were calling an ambulance, while a black Labrador was licking my face! I felt pain in my back. Later, I learnt the dog chasing a squirrel ran straight into me. I was thrown into the air and landed on my back. My usual run had turned into a trip to a nearby hospital. Luckily, aside from minor injuries, I was OK. 17 : what if it had been a car? How can we ever see these things coming?The truth is that sometimes, life really is out of our control. Then what do we do when it does? First, do a gratitude stocktake (盘点): my friend Denise, would look after my son Jett; gratitude that it was a dog, not a car, and I lived to tell the tale.The next, who and what measures up? These uncontrollable moments in life are also the times when you find the greatest clarity. 18 .The ones that make the effort: show up; come round; be there.19 see it as an opportunity to step back and reassess. Is your time and love focused on the things that truly matter? Are there conversations left unsaid? What do you want to do differently? If it all ended tomorrow, would your life have been well lived? I hope so. 20 ! A.But it crossed my mindB.Unless misfortune falls upon youC.Then I‘m not entirely sure what happenedD.You see the people who are really there for youE.When the breath is literally knocked out of youF.I didn’t expect a Labrador would transform my lifeG.If not, it’s time to start living and watching out for dogs二、完形填空In 2014, Amy collapsed from a brain hemorrhage (脑溢血) while working. After a year recovering at home, she 21 a course with the ambition to become a 22 .However, occasional vision disturbance was still 23 , influencing the amount of 24 she could give to the course. Further complications (并发症) left the young artist almost completely blind, making it difficult to see a whole figure. It’s particularly 25 because it seemed to 26 her optimism to be a painter!One morning, when watching the sunrise, she suddenly felt a sense of 27 . She realized that she may not 28 a whole face anymore, but it shouldn’t stop her from putting what she could see on canvas (画布). The following years, she 29 her special art journey.“Strangely, my experience has increased my 30 when drawing, enabling me to catch a character better,” she explains. “People often speak highly of the detail and sensitivity of the character. I have more determination and appreciation for my 31 . These are 32 I wouldn’t have had without everything I’ve 33 .” For her new touring exhibition, she has produced a series of artworks based on her visual experience. “In the 34 interaction between what I can and cannot see lies my perspective on the world.”Sometimes, we can tur a loss into a gain: something unique and individual that has been gifted to us by never 35 .21.A.made use of B.looked forward to C.signed up for D.took pride in 22.A.teacher B.doctor C.worker D.painter 23.A.present B.unnoticed C.unusual D.strange 24.A.credit B.energy C.instruction D.donation 25.A.disappointing B.exciting C.inspiring D.depressing 26.A.ruin B.boost C.spread D.express 27.A.achievement B.thankfulness C.belongings D.security 28.A.see B.touch C.draw D.cover 29.A.shared B.concluded C.started D.recalled 30.A.eyesight B.sensitivity C.taste D.attention 31.A.talent B.choice C.role D.vision 32.A.gifts B.challenges C.awards D.pains33.A.relied on B.gone after C.survived through D.thought of 34.A.active B.misty C.social D.regular 35.A.losing B.leaving C.quitting D.failing三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

中考物理考前训练题第一卷

中考物理考前训练题第一卷

中考物理考前训练题(1)一.选择题(每题2分,共16分)1.( ) 有一接在家庭电路上的灯泡在闭合开关时不亮了,用测电笔分别接触灯头的两个接线柱,氖管都发光,则此灯不亮的原因是:A 、地线断了B 、火线断了C 、零线断了D 、灯丝断了2.( ) 在水平地面上,用50牛的水平推力推动重100牛的箱子,前进了10米(如图1所示),推箱子的朋友做功为A 、50000焦耳B 、1500焦耳C 、5000焦耳D 、500焦耳3.( ) 有“Pz220-100”、“ Pz110-100”、“Pz36-100”的三盏电灯,并联接在110伏电路中。

试比较它们持续发光时的亮度: A 、“Pz220-100”最亮 B 、“Pz110-100”最亮 C 、“Pz36-100最亮 D 、三盏灯一样亮4.( )图2所示,电源电压U 保持不变,当滑动变阻器的滑片P 由b 端滑向a 端的过程中,下列说法错误是:A 、电压表1示数不变,电压表2示数变大,1秒钟 通过R1的电流做功变大B 、电压表1示数变大,电压表2示数不变,1秒钟 通过R1的电流做功变大C 、电压表1示数不变,电压表2示数变大,1秒钟通 过电路的电流做的总功变大D 、电压表1示数不变,电压表2示数变大,1秒钟通 过R1的电流产生的热量变多5.( ) 实验室有一只读数不准确的温度计,在测冰水混合物的温度时,其读数为20℃,在测一标准大 气 压下沸水的温度时,其读数为80℃。

下面分别是温度计示数为41℃时对应的实际温度和实际 温度为60℃时温度计的示数,其中正确的是: A 、41℃、60℃ B 、21℃、40℃ C 、35℃、56℃ D 、35℃、36℃6. ( )0℃的冰块全部熔化成0℃的水,体积将有所减小。

比较这块0℃的冰和熔化成的水所具有的内能,下列说法中正确的是:A 、它们具有相等的内能B 、0℃的冰具有较大的内能C 、0℃的水具有较大的内能D 、无法确定熔化成0℃的水的内能, 7.( )内燃机的四个冲程中,是内能转化为机械能的是A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程 8.( )用热风吹一支蘸有酒精的温度计,温度计的读数A.先升高后降低B.先降低后升高C.不断升高D.不能确定 二.填空题 (每题4分,共16分)9.① 请指出下面各句话中的“影”,说明了光在传播过程中所遵从的物理规律:(1)手影。

考前训练一

考前训练一

期末考试考前训练(一)一、单项选择题:(本部分共25小题,每小题2分,共50分)。

第二届青奥会于2014年8月16日-28日在南京举行。

下图为“新栽树木遮阳网示意图”。

据此完成1~2题。

1.此时段南京可能出现的天气及其影响是A.连续不断的对流雨B.反气旋发展成台风C.冷锋过境出现寒潮D.持续的高温天气2.在此季节,南京园林工人一般会给新栽大树覆盖黑色尼龙网(如图),其目的是A.削弱太阳辐射,减少树木水分蒸腾B.阻止地面辐射,防止夜间温度过低C.增强地面辐射,提高树木存活率D.增加大气逆辐射,提高夜间温度下图示意某岛屿位置。

据此回答3~4题。

3.该岛屿A.位于印度的东南,新西兰的东北B.位于板块消亡边界,地震、海啸影响大C.南北长约250千米,东西宽约750千米D.博瑙的地势高于科图伊4.该岛屿东侧降水远多于西部,是因为东侧A.离海较近,东南季风影响大B.抬升东北信风,多地形雨C.植被茂密,水循环量大D.赤道低气压带控制,多对流雨图a为某河段平面图,图b为图甲中河流某处的河道横剖面,图c示意图甲中M 湖水量流入流出的月份分配。

读图完成5~6 题。

5.图a中甲、乙、丙、丁四处的河道横剖面,最符合图b的是A .甲 B.乙 C.丙 D.丁6. M 湖平均水位最高的月份是A.1 月B.4 月C. 6 月D.10 月a b c下图是“以极点为中心的半球图”,箭头表示洋流的流向。

读图完成7~8题。

7.下列叙述正确的是A.①洋流常年受东北信风吹拂B.②是逆时针洋流系统的组成部分C.③洋流是西南季风吹拂形成的D.此时北半球为冬季8.有关洋流对地理环境的影响,叙述正确的是A.Q地因受寒流影响,冬季气温较低B.P地因受暖流影响,冬季气温较高C.M海域多海雾,对航运造成不利影响D.K海域的渔场是由于上升流而形成高黎贡山脉两侧自然景观差异显著。

左图为高黎贡山脉南段两侧部分区域略图,本区域山地冰川的雪线海拔高度在 4800 m左右,右图为密支那和保山的气候统计图。

全等三角形考前训练题(一)

全等三角形考前训练题(一)

全等三角形考前训练题(一)1、复习“全等三角形”的知识时,老师布置了一道作业题:“如下图①,已知在△ABC中,AB=AC,P是△ABC内部任意一点,将AP绕A顺时针旋转至AQ,使得∠QAP=∠BAC,连接BQ、CP,则BQ=CP。

”(1)小亮是个爱动脑筋的同学,他通过对图①的分析,证明了△ABQ≌△ACP,从而证得BQ=CP。

请你帮小亮完成证明。

(2)之后,小亮又将点P移到等腰三角形ABC之外,原题中的条件不变,“BQ=CP”仍然成立吗?若成立,请你就图②给出证明。

若不成立,请说明理由。

2、如下图,AD是∠BAC的平分线,DE垂直AB于点E,DF垂直AC于点F,且BD=DC。

求证:BE=CF3、如图所示,在直角三角形ABC中, ∠ABC=90°,AB=BC,点D为斜边AC的中点, E为AC上一点,过点A作AG垂直直线BE,垂足为G点,AG与直线BD交于点F. 求证: DE=DF.(2)若把(1)中“E是AC上的一点”改为“E是AC延长线上的一点”,其他条件不变,请作出图形,并指出结论“DE=DF”还成立吗?若成立,请证明;若不成立,请说明理由.4、如图所示, AC平分∠DAB.CE⊥AB,CF⊥AD,E、F为垂足,且BC=CD,求证: (1) △CDF≌△CBE;(2)若AB=25,AD=13,BC=10,求CE的长.5、如图,在四边形ABCD中,AD∥BC,点E是DC的中点,BE DC,点F在线段BE上,且满足BF=AB,FC=AD.求证:(1) A=BFC.(2) FBC=BCF.6、在正方形ABCD中,AC为对角线,E为AC上一点,连接EB、ED.(1)求证:△BEC≌△DEC;(2)延长BE交AD于F,当∠BED=120°时,求∠EFD的度数.7、如图(1)在四边形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠ABC=∠DCB,AB=DC,AE=DF,(1)求证:BF=CE;(2)当E、F相向运动,形成图(2)时,BF和CE还相等吗?请证明你的结论。

考前专项复习提高训练(一)

考前专项复习提高训练(一)

考前专项复习提高训练(一)— 数与代数一、填空题。

1.一个数被3除余2,被4除余3,被5除余4,符合这个条件的500以内的最大数是 。

2.光的速度为每秒300000千米,地球赤道半径6378千米,那么光一秒钟可绕地球赤道运行 圈(得数保留整数)。

3.商店购进一批鞋,每双进价6.5元,售价7.4元,当卖到只剩下5双时,已获利76.5元,这批鞋共有 双。

4.一个两位数,十位上的数是个位上数的32,把它各数位上的数字互换所得到的数比原数大18,原来这个两位数是 。

5.对于任意自然数a 、b 规定a*b=a ÷b ×2+3,且256*a=19。

则a= 。

6.修一条水渠,甲队独修5天可完成,现在甲、乙两队合修3天完成,那么甲队比乙队多修了 。

7.在一个两位数的数字之间加一个O ,那么新得的数比原数大8倍,这个两位数是 。

8.停车场共有24辆车,其中汽车有4个轮子,摩托车有3个轮子,这些车共有86个轮子。

那么摩托车有 辆。

9.甲、乙两数是自然数,如果甲数的65恰好是乙数的41,那么甲、乙两数之和的最小值是 。

二、判断题(对的打“√”,错的打‘×”)。

1.3900÷200=39÷2=19……1 ( ) 2.从8时30分到9时,分针旋转了180°。

( )3.一个分数是95,若将它的分子增加10,要使这个分数大小不变,分母应该增加10。

( )4.O .8的倒数是8。

( ) 5.自然数中除了质数就是合数。

( ) 三、选择题(把正确答案的序号填在括号里)。

1.一根5米长的钢管,先截下它的21,再截下21米,这时还剩下 ( ) A .43米 B .1米 C .2米 D .421米2.一个小数的小数点向右移一位后,所得小数比原小数 ( )A .增加1倍B .增加10倍C 增加9倍D .扩大9倍 3.我国领土的面积约是960万 ( ) A .米 B .平方米 C .平方千米 D.公顷4.下列各组数,既都是合数,又互为质数的是 ( )A .15和25B .15和8C .12和7 D. 95和38 四、计算题。

统考版2023高考化学二轮专题复习考前非选择题适应性训练训练一

统考版2023高考化学二轮专题复习考前非选择题适应性训练训练一

训练(一)(满分:58分限时:40分钟)非选择题(包括必考题和选考题两部分。

第26~28题为必考题,每道题考生都必须作答。

第35、36题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。

)(一)必考题(共43分)26.(14分)钼酸锂(Li2MoO4)的外观为白色结晶粉末,易溶于水,难溶于有机溶剂,用于电极材料、金属陶瓷的制作。

工业上以某精选钼矿(主要含MoS2,还含有少量CuFeS2)为原料制备Li2MoO4,其工艺流程如图:回答下列问题:、Cl-,“酸浸、氧化”过程中,(1)“滤液1”含有的离子主要有Fe2+、Cu2+、SO2-4CuFeS2与FeCl3溶液反应的离子方程式为________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________。

(2)写出“氧化、灼烧”时发生反应的化学方程式:。

(3)MoO3属于氧化物(填“酸性”“碱性”或“两性”)。

(4)“酸化沉钼”过程中,溶液pH和反应时间对钼酸的析出有很大影响,根据图中数据判断最佳的“酸化沉钼”条件:pH为、反应时间为;滤液2中含有的主要溶质的用途是(填一种即可)。

(实线、虚线分别表示其他条件相同时反应时间、pH 对实验结果的影响)(5)H 2MoO 4和Li 2CO 3在熔融状态下反应也可生成Li 2MoO 4,写出反应的化学方程式: 。

在实验中该熔融操作可以在 (填字母)中进行。

A .陶瓷坩埚B .石英坩埚C .铁坩埚(6)将“滤液1”用酸性H 2O 2氧化,得到含c (Fe 3+)=0.01 mol·L -1、c (Cu 2+)=0.22 mol·L -1的混合溶液。

若调节pH 使溶液中Fe 3+浓度不超过5.0×10-6 mol·L -1,而Cu 2+全部留在母液中,则该溶液的pH 范围为 {已知K sp [Fe (OH )3]=4.0×10-38,K sp [Cu (OH )2]=2.2×10-20,lg 2=0.3}。

2021年高考语文考前适应性训练考试一试卷及答案

2021年高考语文考前适应性训练考试一试卷及答案

2021年高考语文考前适应性训练考试一试卷及答案_年高考考前适应性训练考试1第Ⅰ卷甲必考题一.现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面文字,完成1_3题.中国绘画的〝书画同源论〞,从中国文字滥觞期已见端倪.宋元以降,文人画大兴,这一艺术见解,更得到极透彻的实践.传统画师授徒,常先课以书法;不通书法便不得进入绘画堂奥.从苏轼到赵之谦,七八百年来,书画同源的传统已发挥得淋漓尽致.吴昌硕继承了这个传统,并把赵之谦掺以篆刻的金石味向前推进了一大步,成为金石画派达到巅峰的画家.〝书画同源论〞有没有道理?它对中国绘画发展功过如何?我们应该如何评价?在中国绘画今后的发展中我们应持什么态度?种种问题应该一一研究.中国绘画最突出的特色在线的运用,决定了它的绘画语言就必然是符号式的表现,故其特质与书法相通.西方绘画的符号论,到底从东方绘画得到多少借鉴,吸收了多少营养,虽然不易论断;但是西方的符号式绘画语言,要到印象派以后才发展起来,殆无疑义.印象派诸大师受到东方的影响,是透过了〝第二手〞的资料——日本的浮世绘.十九世纪下半,日本与欧洲通商,日本手工艺品和浮世绘刻版画受到印象主义画家的瞩目;单线平涂的东方表现方式打开了法国画家们另一双观察万物的眼睛.其实,日本的古典文化几乎都移植自中国,这种线型的表现风格,还是中国绘画传统的精华.视觉最精炼的符号必然是线型的形式,所以中国绘画的形式带有概念的性格.西方的绘画在感觉的完整性上比较强烈,较缺少概念的性格,所以西方没有〝书画同源〞的传统.象征主义等所凸显出来符号式的视觉语言,在西方是创新,在中国却是老传统.书画同源促进了中国绘画在线条运用上多元趣味的探求;书法抽象的形式美感丰富了绘画线条的功能——线条在绘画中,一方面负担了物象描绘的功能,一方面也展现了它独立的形式美感;书画同源也造成了万物的情态与艺术技巧,在画家心象中得到自由的沟通.比如中国书法中〝悬针垂露,奔雷坠石〞.〝鸿飞兽骇,鸾舞蛇惊〞等名论,显示了中国艺术家意识到万物的情状.艺术家的感受以及艺术创造的技巧,都可彼此相感应或互相沟通.由生机活泼的自然中获得了感受,领悟了用笔的技巧,取得了书法线条的美学根源;这些线条,在绘画中又用来表现某些具有共同精神特质的事物.这种自由的沟通与连绵的联想,使中国书法与绘画互相孳乳,相辅相成.中国线条的丰富和奥窔,在世界上是唯我独尊.书画同源的传统也有某些负面影响,比如除抹杀其他绘画形式与技巧,压抑了其他绘画的发展与创生外,也使传统中国绘画技法过分受制于书法技巧,反而成为圭臬与缰锁.当然后者应怪罪传统画家的辗转因袭.书画同源虽然不应成为绘画发展唯一的理论依据,后世也不必非崇奉.遵守这个法则不可,但是书画同源本身并不负这些弊端的责任.相反地,它在中国绘画史上光辉灿烂的表现,永远是民族艺术足以自豪的传统精华,也是后来者再创造的源泉.(摘编自何怀硕《熔数千年碑碣,金石铸成苦铁》)1.下面关于〝书画同源论〞的表述,不符合原文意思的一项是A.〝书画同源论〞可上溯至汉字出现之初,宋元以来,文人画的兴盛,使其得到了充分的艺术实践.B.传统画师授徒,总是先教书法,因为不通晓书法,就无法进入绘画领域,这也印证了〝书画同源论〞.C.书画同源传统经过不断实践.传承,推陈出新,可谓名家辈出,苏轼.赵之谦.吴昌硕都是其间翘楚.D.书画同源是基于中国的绘画语言特质与书法相通,这一语言特质是由线的运用决定的符号式的表现.2.下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是A.西方的符号式绘画语言,到印象派以后才发展起来,而中国的符号式绘画语言早在文字滥觞期已见端倪.B.西方印象派诸大师是透过日本的浮世绘接受单线平涂的东方表现方式的,而这种表现方式其实根子在中国.C.西方绘画在感觉的完整性上较强烈,但缺少概念的性格,而中国绘画的精华是线型表现风格,概念的性格更强.D.西方绘画象征主义等所凸显出来符号式的视觉语言,在西方是创新,而在中国却早已是代代相传的老传统了.3.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析正确的一项是A.西方绘画的符号论,从东方绘画得到的借鉴.吸收的营养有多少,不好论断,但可以肯定的是其产生年代要略晚于中国,并间接受到中国绘画的影响.B.书法抽象的形式美丰富了绘画线条的功能,线条在中国绘画中兼具描绘物象与展现独立形式美感的功能,〝悬针垂露,奔雷坠石〞就是其典型代表.C.书法线条的美学根源在于艺术家对自然的感受领悟,这些线条在绘画中可以表现某些具有共同精神特质的事物.这种沟通与联想使中国书画相辅相成.D.书画同源抹杀其他绘画形式与技巧,压抑了其他绘画的发展创生,也使传统中国绘画过分受制于书法技巧,至于其成为圭臬与缰锁,责任在传统画家.二.古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(19分)阅读下面的文言文,完成4~7题.郗鉴,字道徽,高平金乡人,汉御史大夫虑之玄孙也.少孤贫,博览经籍,躬耕陇亩,吟咏不倦,以儒雅著名.赵王伦辟为掾,知伦有不臣之迹,称疾去职.及伦篡,其党皆至大官,而鉴闭门自守,不染逆节.东海王越辟为主簿,举贤良,不行.征东大将军苟晞檄为从事中郎.晞与越方以力争,鉴不应其召.及京师不守,寇难锋起,鉴遂陷于陈午贼中.邑人张实先求交于鉴,鉴不许.至是,实于午营来省鉴疾,既而卿鉴.鉴谓实曰:〝相与邦壤,义不及通,何可怙乱至此邪!〞实大惭而退.午以鉴有名于世,将逼为主,鉴逃而获免.午寻溃散,鉴得归乡里.元帝初镇江左,承制假鉴龙骧将军.兖州刺史,镇邹山.咸和初,领徐州刺史.及祖约.苏峻反,鉴闻难,便欲率所领东赴.诏以北寇不许.未几鉴去贼密迩,城孤粮绝,人情业业,莫有固志.设坛场,刑白马,大誓三军曰:〝今主上幽危,百姓倒悬,忠臣正士志存报国.凡我同盟,既盟之后,戮力一心,以救社稷.〞鉴登坛慷慨,三军争为用命.会舒.潭战不利,鉴与后将军郭默还丹徒,立大业.曲阿.庱亭三垒以距贼.而贼将张健来攻大业,城中乏水,郭默窘迫,遂突围而出,三军失色.参军曹纳以为大业京口之捍,一旦不守,贼方轨而前,劝鉴退还广陵以俟后举.鉴乃大会僚佐,责纳曰:〝吾蒙先帝厚顾,荷托付之重,正复捐躯九泉不足以报.今强寇在郊,众心危迫,君腹心之佐,而生长异端,当何以率先义众,镇一三军邪!〞将斩之,久而乃释.会峻死,大业围解.后以寝疾,上疏逊位.疏奏,以蔡谟为鉴军司.鉴寻薨,时年七十一.帝朝晡哭于朝堂.册曰:〝惟公忠亮雅正,行为世表,社稷之危,赖公以宁.谥曰文成.〞(节选自《晋书__183;列传第三十七__183;郗鉴传》)4.对下列句子中加点的词语的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)A.而鉴闭门自守,不染逆节染:沾染B.承制假鉴龙骧将军假:授予C.劝鉴退还广陵以俟后举举:行动D.后以寝疾,上疏逊位逊:辞让5.以下各组句子中,全都表明郗鉴忠诚高洁的一组是(3分)①吟咏不倦,以儒雅著名②知伦有不臣之迹,称疾去职③晞与越方以力争,鉴不应其召④设坛场,刑白马,大誓三军⑤正复捐躯九泉不足以报⑥将斩之,久而乃释A.①③⑥B.②③⑤C.①④⑤D.②④⑥6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)A.郗鉴博览群书,品行高洁.他曾在赵王司马伦手下任职,看到司马伦有不轨的行迹,就称病离职而去,司马伦篡位后他依旧闭门自守.B.郗鉴心存报国,勇于担当.在叛贼距离守城很近的危急时刻,他设坛场,杀白马,与三军对天盟誓要挽救国家,三军争着为他效命.C.郗鉴临危不乱,不徇私情.当大业营垒难以坚守时,郗鉴心腹参将曹纳劝其退还广陵.郗鉴当众怒斥曹纳临危叛变,准备将他斩首示众.D.郗鉴因病辞职,举荐后任.郗鉴后来卧病在床,所以请求辞职,在辞职表中推举蔡谟接替他军司的职位.他死后被追封谥号为〝文成〞.7.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语.(10分)⑴邑人张实先求交于鉴,鉴不许.至是,实于午营来省鉴疾,既而卿鉴.⑵未几鉴去贼密迩,城孤粮绝,人情业业,莫有固志.(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)阅读下面这首古诗,完成8~9题.落叶吴嘉纪①枝上曾几日,夜来秋已终.又随天地意,乱下户庭中.不静月斜处,偏惊白头翁.何须怨摇落,多事是春风.【注】①吴嘉纪(1613——1684),字宾贤,号野人,明末清初诗人.明亡后绝意仕途,隐居家乡,以布衣终身.8.全诗是怎样描述秋天落叶的?为什么落叶偏使白头翁〝惊〞呢?(5分)9.诗的尾联是什么意思?它体现了作者什么样的人生态度?(6分)(三)名篇名句默写(6分)10.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分.(6分)⑴浊酒一杯家万里,,,人不寐,将军白发征夫泪.(范仲淹《渔家傲》)⑵,望帝春心托杜鹃.,蓝田日暖玉生烟.(李商隐《锦瑟》)⑶是故弟子不必不如师,,闻道有先后,,如是而已.(韩愈《师说》)。

2023届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试(一)英语试题

2023届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试(一)英语试题

2023届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试(一)英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解The library is the heart of a university——its collections, services, and study spaces are central to every student’s educational journey. Let’s take a look at some famous university libraries around the world.Magdalen College Old LibraryOxford University is famous for its academic programs, but it’s also known for its outstanding libraries that are said to include more than 11 million books. The Old Library at Magdalen College is the crown jewel of the university’s library system. It contains more than 20,000 rare books and manuscripts. Nearly all of these volumes were published before 1800. TU Delft LibraryThe library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997, which has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum. But it will only take a glance to be attracted, as it is a sight to remember. The building itself exists beneath the ground, so you can’t really see the actual library. What makes it interesting is the roof, which is a grassy hill.Trinity College LibraryThe Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I. It contains more than 200,000 of the library’s oldest books. Treasures of the library’s extensive collection include a rare copy of the 1916 proclamation of the Irish Republic and a beautiful 15th century harp (竖琴).Joe and Rika Mansueto LibraryOpened in 2011, the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library at the University of Chicago is designed with a grand glass roof, perfect for staring out when you are tired. The library can hold around 3.5 million volumes through its underground automatic storage and retrieval system. If you are not already impressed, the librarians, robotic cranes, will knock your socks off. They can locate and bring you any book within an average time of 3 minutes.1.What do Magdalen College Old Library& Trinity College Library have in common? A.Both house stringed instruments.B.Both feature attractive designs.C.Both boast numerous ancient books.D.Both gain recognition as crown jewels. 2.Which library possesses its own museum?A.TU Delft Library.B.Trinity College Library. C.Magdalen College Old Library.D.Joe and Rika Mansueto Library. 3.What may impress you most in Joe and Rika Mansueto Library?A.The glass roof.B.The volume of books.C.The storage system.D.The robotic librarians.In 1665, Johannes Vermeer, one of the greatest painters in Netherlands, completed his masterpiece “Girl With a Pearl Earring.” On an April day 357 years later, Janine Strong slowed her bike to stop, paused her fitness app, and watched as the snaking line of her cycling route drew the shape of Vermeer’s masterpiece over the streets of Brooklyn.Ms. Strong creates what has come to be known as “GPS art” — a practice that uses the Global Positioning System mapping capabilities of modern phone apps to create digital drawings with an athlete’s route. It has grown with the widespread availability of satellite tracking for use by ordinary people. In fact, the idea has been around since before the popularity of smartphones for fitness like Strava released in 2009.In 2003, The New York Times Magazine told of how Jeremy Wood got the idea for GPS art. Mr. Wood said while he was using a GPS tracker on a flight and the plane flew in a holding pattern above Heath-row Airport, he was attracted by the pattern appearing on his Garmin GPS device. In recent years, technology has advanced enough to create visual maps in real time using a phone or smart watch.“I get bored cycling on the same path in the same streets,” Ms. Strong said. “Creating GPS art gives me more reasons to hit the pavement, which makes cycling a lot easier. I always have a big smile on my face when it works out and I upload it and it’s done,” she added. “It’s a very satisfying feeling.”To complete her digital vision of “Girl With a Pearl Earring,” she biked almost 50 miles around southern Brooklyn, carefully checking Strava to make sure each turn, circle, and straight line was achieving the shape of earring and head covering of Vermeer’s original. 4.What can we infer about Janine Strong in paragraph1?A.She tests a fitness app.B.She is an innovative cyclist.C.She likes pearl earrings.D.She is a painter of some note.5.What information can we get about GPS art?A.It is rarely used by common people.B.It arose after the popularity of fitness apps.C.It is based on apps’ GPS mapping functions.D.It is a practice of creating realistic drawings.6.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.The origin of GPS art.B.The prospect of GPS art.C.The function of a GPS tracker.D.The advancement of a GPS device. 7.Who will be most likely to create GPS art?A.Painting lovers.B.Mobile game players.C.Software developers.D.Running enthusiasts.People are looking to make meaning after the global pandemic. And one way that some of us do this is to credit coincidences—the unexpected concurrence (同时发生) of events—with helping to find jobs, friends and spouses, make significant career decisions and relieve pains. Scholars disagree on the cause of coincidences. Some say they are random and due to probability. Others see God or spiritual forces at work. Still others say it’s our subconscious making connections. No matter the cause, people who study coincidences say that paying attention to these moments may help us, especially in times of stress.Studies show that noticing coincidences may help boost both the effectiveness of psychotherapy and mental well-being. Michael Schauch, 42, an investment-portfolio manager in Squamish, British Columbia, who is an avid mountaineer, lost his best friend Brent last year. A few months later, Mr. Schauch climbed a mountain he and Brent often scaled together. At the summit, Mr. Schauch found hundreds of ladybugs. When he climbed a different mountain on the anniversary of Brent’s death, he saw a ladybug as he started up each new section of the rock face. “I knew at once that it was Brent, and that he was still there with me, as if to say: ‘You’ve got this, Mike. Keep going!’” he says.Coincidences can make the world feel like it makes good sense, says David B.Yaden, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School. Varieties of spiritual experiences show a correlation (关联) between coincidences and an increase in positive emotions,better personal relationships and a greater sense of meaning in life.Coincidences are more likely to happen to certain people. “People who are troubled bydistress and searching for signs are more likely to experience coincidences,” says Bemard Beitman, a psychiatrist and a coincidence researcher. If you’d like to enhance your ability to notice coincidences, there are several strategies, says Lisa Miller, a clinical psychologist: Be open to them. Write them down. Talk about them with others. “We really need this deep inner wisdom.” she says.8.What can we learn about coincidences from paragraph 1?A.They happen as expected.B.They provide guidance or relief. C.They activate subconscious mind.D.They contribute to invisible forces. 9.Why does the author mention Michael Schalch’s story?A.To clarify the cause of coincidences.B.To offer a method of coping with grief.C.To show the comforting effect of coincidences.D.To present a solid friendship between two climbers.10.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Lucky people tend to be surprised by coincidences.B.Wisdom is to the soul what mental health is to the body.C.Coincidences mean more to our daily lives than the surface.D.The more we cultivate coincidences, the more likely they happen.11.What is the passage mainly about?A.The meaningful moments in life.B.The hidden power of coincidences. C.The various opinions on coincidences.D.The strategies for noticing coincidences.After a day’s labor, Andreas Fichtner and his colleagues have spliced (绞接) together three segments of fibers, creating a 12.5-kilometer-long fiber-optic (光学的) cable. It will stay buried in the snow to spy on the activity of Grfmsvotn, a dangerous, glacier-covered volcano.Fichtner, a geophysicist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich, is one of the researchers using fiber optics to take the pulse of our planet. Much of their work is done in remote places, from the tops of volcanoes to the bottoms of seas, where traditional monitoring is too costly or difficult.The technique used by Fichtner’s team is called distributed acoustic sensing, or DAS. “It’s almost like radar in the fiber,” says the physicist Giuseppe Marra of the UnitedKingdom’s National Physical Laboratory, in Teddington. While radar uses reflected radio waves to locate objects, DAS uses reflected light to detect events as varied as earthquake activity and moving traffic, and to determine where they occurred. Inside the cables are optical fibers. DAS involves shooting quick pulses of laser light down the fiber and detecting bits of light that scatter back to the laser source due to disturbances in the environment. When the earth’s surface vibrates and shifts, it pulls the cables, so a detector can identify these small changes.The New York Times points out that although wireless and satellite technology are booming, good old-fashioned cables are still the most efficient way to send information across oceans. Repurposing cables could give scientists the ability to monitor high-risk zones that were previously hard to reach. They could help detect earthquakes and tsunamis a few seconds earlier than traditional warning systems.In addition, fiber-optic cables could also help solve some of the biggest challenges for humans. In the recent years, scientists have started to use them to measure ocean waves and access fault (断层) information. It is believed that fiber-optic cables will serve to benefit us greatly in the future.12.What is the purpose of the work of Fichtner’s team?A.To track volcanic activities.B.To strike oil under the sea.C.To lengthen fiber-optic cables.D.To keep fibers covered in the snow. 13.What can we learn about the technique of DAS?A.It determines when and where disasters occurs.B.It uses radio waves to locate moving objects.C.It improves the efficiency of transmitting light.D.It detects tiny variation of the earth’s surface.14.What does the underlined expression “Repurposing cables” probably mean? A.Recycling cables in new fields.B.Adapting cables for a new function. C.Installing cables beneath volcanoes.D.Promoting cables into massive production.15.What is the best title for the text?A.DAS Is Feeling the Heartbeat of V olcanoesB.Satellite Technology Is Booming in Our TimesC.Underground Cables Are Taking the Planet’s PulseD.Fiber-optic Cables Are Giving Us Insights into Earthquakes二、七选五The chicken or the egg—which came first? It’s probably one of the most commonly cited paradoxes (悖论)—a chicken hatches from an egg, so the egg came first, right? But then what laid the egg? ____16____That’s exactly what a paradox is—a problem that seemingly has no definitive solution and can’t be logically solved.____17____How can work be flexible but maintain structure? How can we switch off if we’re working from home? Two contrasting ideas could cause people stress, but what if we accept the contradiction and change the way we look at it? ____18____A paradox consists of two seemingly impossible realities that exist at the same time.____19____ For example, holding on to change may lead to burn-out, while maintaining stability may lead to boredom. Some experts have found the acceptance of both realities and a willingness to accept them can improve both creativity and productivity by allowing you to find a path through the contradictions.A 1996 study of geniuses by Albert Rothenberg found that those thinkers spent time considering opposites and antitheses. Consider Einstein. The theory of relativity was born out of the paradox that something could be moving and stationary at the same time, depending on perspective.So, having a “paradox mindset” and accepting the bigger picture may help you to better understand problems. ____20____As a result, it may lead you to improving your productivity and creativity. If it worked for Einstein, maybe it could be good for you too!A.The two ideas seem contradictory.B.The two questions remain unanswered.C.This is what some experts call the “paradox mindset”.D.It could also make you happier knowing that contradictions exist.E.Paradoxes are apparently ridiculous or self-contradictory statements.F.Paradoxes don’t just exist in philosophical debates but also in our daily lives.G.If you embrace one of those realities and ignore the other,it can cause problems.三、完形填空After twenty-two years raising three children, I was introduced to a concept: the empty nest. Apparently, this was now my time to ____21____ into new experiences. Why, then was I not excited, but ____22____?For a job opportunity, my husband and I moved to another state. One day, I discovered a trail only a short ____23____ from our apartment, I was thrilled and began to use it regularly. The trail meandered along a river lined with bushes and towering trees. Ducks ____24____ on the riverbanks; Canada geese flew overhead; small rabbits bounded across the pathway,____25____ into the bushes. These small peaceful scenes provided me with a(n) ____26____, but only slightly lifted me out of my loneliness.Still, I continued to walk the path. I ____27____ something new: couples, young and old, holding hands, chatting as they walked; a father ____28____his daughter to ride hertwo-wheeler; a woman doing Tai Chi. They all ____29____the trail. I became fascinated with the lives of these strangers, yet still wondering if any of them feel ____30____?One morning, an elderly woman holding the handles of her walker came into view. She sailed by me in the ____31____direction like a marathon runner. I turned around to catch another glimpse of this one-woman wonder. She was ____32____moving forward, not letting anything hold her back. That’s when it ____33____me. Nobody was.As I walked toward my car, remembering the elderly woman’s energy and ____34____, I made a decision. I would fill my empty nest with ____35____. I was ready for the bright future that stretched before me.21.A.dive B.look C.turn D.fall 22.A.calm B.lonely C.different D.scared 23.A.walk B.run C.drive D.cut 24.A.planed B.skipped C.sheltered D.lazed 25.A.flashing B.rolling C.wandering D.stepping 26.A.target B.distraction C.motivation D.option 27.A.imagined B.anticipated C.spotted D.experienced 28.A.asking B.teaching C.permitting D.informing 29.A.took care of B.caught sight of C.spoke highly of D.took advantage of30.A.satisfied B.positive C.empty D.desperate 31.A.right B.general C.opposite D.same 32.A.definitely B.blindly C.uncertainly D.independently 33.A.bothered B.hit C.upset D.interested 34.A.ambition B.curiosity C.devotion D.enthusiasm 35.A.affection B.attention C.abundance D.gratitude四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

高三物理练习400

高三物理练习400

翔宇监利中学高三年级物理测试题使用时间:2015.11.16编写人:王功双审核人:杨军高三第一次质检考前训练题(一)1. 高空作业须系安全带.如果质量为m的高空作业人员不慎跌落,从开始跌落到安全带对人刚产生作用力前人下落的距离为h(可视为自由落体运动).此后经历时间t安全带达到最大伸长,若在此过程中该作用力始终竖直向上,则该段时间安全带对人的平均作用力大小为mg+mgmg+mg-2.如图所示,水平板上有质量m=1.0kg的物块,受到随时间t变化的水平拉力F作用,用力传感器测出相应时刻物块所受摩擦力F f的大小。

取重力加速度g=10m/s2。

下列判断正确的是A.5s内拉力对物块做功为零B.4s末物块所受合力大小为4.0NC.物块与木板之间的动摩擦因数为0.4D.6s~9s内物块的加速度的大小为2.0m/s23. 若货物随升降机运动的v t-图像如题5图所示(竖直向上为正),则货物受到升降机的支持力F与时间t关系的图像可能是()4、如图所示为足球球门,球门宽为L,一个球员在球门中心正前方距离球门s处高高跃起,将足球顶入球门的左下方死角(图中P点)。

球员顶球点的高度为h。

足球做平抛运动(足球可看做质点,忽略空气阻力)则A足球位移大小x=B足球初速度的大小v=C足球末速度的大小v=D足球初速度的方向与球门线夹角的正切值tan2Lsθ=5.(多选)图所示的水平匀强电场中,将两个带电小球M和N分别沿图示路径移动到同一水平线上的不同位置,释放后,M、N保持静止,不计重力,则A.M的带电量比N大B.M带负电荷,N带正电荷C.静止时M受到的合力比N的大D.移动过程中匀强电场对M做负功6.(多选)我国科学教正在研制航母舰载机使用的电磁弹射器。

舰载机总质量为4310kg⨯,设起飞过程中发动机的推力恒为51.010N⨯;弹射器有效作用长度为100m,推力恒定。

要求舰载机在水平弹射结束时速度大小达到80m/s。

弹射过程中舰载机所受总推力为弹射器和发动机推力之和,假设所受阻力为总推力的20%,则A弹射器的推力大小为61.110N⨯B弹射器对舰载机所做的功为81.110J⨯C弹射器对舰载机做功的平均功率为78.810W⨯D舰载机在弹射过程中的加速度大小为232m/s7.(多选)如图所示,用两根长度相同的绝缘细线把一个质量为0.1kg的小球A悬挂到水平板的MN两点,A上带有63.010Q C-=⨯的正电荷。

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考前训练一一、听力听对话,回答第1至4题。

1. Who was born on the 8th of December?A. The woman's father.B. The woman's mother.C. The man's sister.2. What does the man mean?A. The film is terrible.B. The film can be seen online.C. The film is worth the money.3. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.4. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.听材料,回答第5、6题。

5. Where does the woman want to go?A. The airport.B. The bus station.C. The railway station.6. How much should the woman pay probably?A. 35 yuan.B. 40 yuan.C. 45 yuan.听材料,回答第9至10题。

7. Which country is Sarah Thomas from?A. France.B. England.C. The USA.8. What made Sarah Thomas change her planned path?A. Her serious disease.B. Strong moving water.C. Having no enough food.9. What day was it when Sarah Thomas finished her last lap?A. Tuesday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.10. How many miles did Sarah Thomas swim non-stop altogether?A. Over 50.B. Over 80.C. Over 130.二、阅读理解We talk continuously about how to make children tougher and stronger, but whatever we're doing, it's not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong?Nassim Taleb invented the word "antifragile" and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (过敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.Children's social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them "safe" from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive (剥夺) them of the challenges and opportunities for skill-building they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing (作弄) and social rejection.It's not the kids' fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable (缆绳、线缆、电缆) TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down; screen time and adult-monitored activities went up.Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical competence. Depriving them of free play prevents their social-emotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: "We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age-adequate risky play."They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves.What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can't guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clear-cut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to become strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go—and let them grow.1. Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2?A. To stress its importance.B. To help understand a new word.C. To question the latest discovery.D. To analyze the cause of anxiety.2. Parents overprotect children because _______.A. children are not independent enoughB. they want to keep children from being teasedC. parent-monitored activities are a mustD. they are concerned about their children's safety3. According to the author, free play can _______.A. reduce children's risky behaviorB. strengthen children's friendshipC. promote children's toughnessD. develop children's leadership skills4. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Stop trying to perfect your child.B. It takes great courage to raise children.C. While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.D. Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.三、完形填空Officer Bobby White got a call from dispatch (派遣处) about a noise complain—some teens playing basketball. Officer White's dash-cam video shows him 1 up outside a home in a down-and-out part of town. A teen stops 2 as the officer walks toward him.“I could 3 he was like, ‘Great, the cops are here. How is this gonna go?” says White. To put him at 4 , White said, “Can you believe that someone's 5 about kids playing basketball?" Then he put his hand out for the ball. The 6 teen gave it to him. White turned toward the 7 and made a shot off the ring.As a playground courtesy(礼节), the teen 8 the ball back to White, who 9 in the next try. It was like a 10 —kids began 11 out to join in the shootaround.The video shows White and the kids 12 and shooting for 13 minutes. What’s more, the kids even 13 the ring so that the 178cm cop could dunk(灌) the ball. As he left, he told them to have fun and asked that they watch the 14 . But that wasn’t the 15 of the story. The police department's information officer, always looking to highlight the 16 things his officers do, put the video online. Within a week, it was viewed over five million times. What made White 17 was a comment he heard: “We need more cops like you.”White knows that the 18 ending between a white cop and a bunch of minority(少数族裔) kids is what made the video popular. “Honestly, I wish the video wouldn't have been 19 ,” he says. “I wish people would've looked at it and said, 'That's how I would 20 that interaction to go.”1. A. stopping B. driving C. pulling D. waiting2. A. running B. playing C. shouting D. laughing3. A. tell B. imagine C. know D. remember4. A. home B. least C. once D. ease5. A. calling B. worrying C. hating D. explaining6. A. frightened B. hesitated C. excited D. regretted7. A. boy B. playground C. basket D. house8. A. returned B. passed C. asked D. pushed9. A. made it B. had it C. failed it D. shot it10. A. sign B. warning C. invitation D. signal11. A. breaking B. jumping C. bringing D. streaming12. A. shouting B. playing C. laughing D. talking13. A. moved B. lowered C. fell D. raised14. A. noise B. video C. basketball D. playground15. A. meaning B. importance C. end D. characteristic16. A. interesting B. positive C. special D. negative17. A. surprise B. sad C. astonished D. confused18. A. meaningful B. valuable C. happy D. unexpected19. A. made B. showed C. criticized D. popular20. A. know B. guess C. like D. expect四、语法填空When very small dinosaur bones were found in a Germany mine, people thought they were from baby dinosaurs.21. __________ scientist Martin Sander’s work shows that they were probably fully 22. __________ (grow) and belong to the smallest giant dinosaur species ever found.Growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar 23. __________ growth rings on trees. The rings are far apart while the animal is young and growing quickly. 24. __________ get closer as growth slows. “ It is 25. __________ (exact) these tight ring marks that we found in the fossil(化石) bones,” says Sander. So, the fossils must have been from adult animals.26. __________ was this German dinosaur so much smaller than other giant dinosaurs, which grew up to 45 meters long and weighed as much as a thousand humans?150 million years ago, most of Germany was underwater. Scientists think that 27. __________ water levels rose, there was less and less land and food available. The dinosaur 28. __________ (force) to adapt and evolved into a small animal 29. __________ (need) less space and food.Since 1998, scientists have dug up more than 1,000 dinosaur fossils in the mine. It is one of the few places in the world 30 bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together.五、短文改错(一)Last Saturday I went to the library as usually. At about noon, I was enjoying my reading near a lake while suddenly I hear someone crying for help. I went up to see what was happened. I was shocking to find a little child struggling in the water in the distance while many peoples were standing by without doing anything. Without any hesitation, I had pushed through the crowd as I took off my coat, but jumped into the water quickly. I managed to reach him and carried him back to safety. To his great relief, the kid was saved. I am proud what I did. I hope everyone can give a hand when someone else is in need.(二)I live in the country and my father was a farmer. He is now forty-five year old. Because of years of hard work, he looks old than his age. When I was young, he is used to tell me the importance of study. Father knows little about English and other subject, but he usually gives me some good advices on how to learn my lessons good. He is not only kind to me but also very strict in me. With his help, I've made great progress. I'll never to forget what he taught me. I think my father is best father in the world.六、写作假定你是李华, 你的美国笔友Mark本学期开始选修汉语课程。

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