unit 4 跨文化交际课件
跨文化交际Unit4
பைடு நூலகம்
More examples
“Why time flies?”
“Because somebody wants to kill it.” “你有什么了不起，能把我吃了！”
“不能,我是回民！” 外甥打灯笼照(舅)旧
Language = neutral codes and grammatical rules? We make cultural choices when we select words,
form sentences and send a message. All languages have social questions and information
as before; as usual; as of old 狗撵鸭子呱呱叫
very good
More examples
恋爱“三草”原则: 女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我
呢？
男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.)
meaning comes out of the context, the cultural usage.
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
Language reflects the environment in which we live. (snow, wine)
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.
跨文化交际 全套课件
• 3.in the west ,if you were invited to have a meal at someone’s home, there will often be only one or two dishes.Even it was a formal dinner, it would usually be just three courses:soup, main dish, and desert. But in China,an informal dinner would have four dishes and a soup; a a formal dinner would have at least eight dishes and a soup.
• 1.There are at least two or more people.
• 2.There must be some contact between communicators.
• 3.There must be a language shared by communicators.
• 4.an exchange of information has taken place.
communication
• Activity 2 meanings in communication
• Utterance meaning :what it normally means
• Speakers meaning:the speaker has intended to convey by way of utterance meaning .
• 5.Many people feel religious belief are very personal and they may not feel; comfortable to tell someone they hardly know.
Unit_4 跨文化交际
3. How much does Ming put in his account as the initial deposit? He would like to put $500 in his account as the initial deposit. 4. Has Ming got a bankcard? Yes, he has got one.
Sentences from Ming:
1. I’d like to open an account, please. 2. And I would like to put $500 in my account as the initial deposit.
Listening—Language Study
Listening—Questions
Conversation 2
Listen to the conversation and answer Questions 5 & 6.
5. Where does the conversation take place? It takes place in a post office. 6. What is Ming doing there? He is trying to send a letter to China by airmail.
Sentences from Ming:
1. I’d like to send this letter to China, by airmail. How many stamps will I need? 2. Which is the most inexpensive way of mailing them?
Listening—Questions
跨文化交际-Unit 4
Symptoms of culture shock
Stereotyping of host nationals Hostility toward host nationals Loss of ability to work effectively Unexplained fits of weeping Physical ailments (psychosomatic disorder)
The Invitation
How do you think Alice felt when she saw that Ms. Merrick didn‟t look very happy to see her? What conclusion might Alice jump to? Why doesn‟t Ms. Merrick seem happy to see Alice?
The Shopper
Usages (word combinations)
For sure Un/receptive toward To practice with To practice on To get tired of In the way In a bad mood To catch (someone) on a bad day
Culture identity
A highly abstract, dynamic, multifaceted concept that defines who you are. Every individual has multiple identities, e.g., race, ethnic, gender, national, regional, organizational, personal, cyber/fantasy, that act in concert. The importance of any single identity is a result of the situation.
跨文化交际第四课.ppt
5. Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or PLA Uncle means.
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6. We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas.
With Miss Mary the use of the given name indicates friendliness. With Brown the lack of a title indicates friendliness.
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4. Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles.
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美国人乐善好施，爱打抱不平，个 性耿直，很容易交朋友。他们总是 先相信人，然而一旦他们觉得那人 有误，不管谁是谁非，说翻脸马上 翻脸，容不得他有解释的余地。但 如果事后他意识到是自己误会了， 他会很诚恳地向你道歉，没有面子 不面子的顾虑。
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谨防被认为同性恋 Man don't hold hands & woman don't hold hands in America
在社交距离范围内，已经没有直接的 身体接触，说话时，也要适当提高声音， 需要更充分的目光接触。如果谈话者得不 到对方目光的支持，他(或她)会有强烈的 被忽视、被拒绝的感受。这时，相互间的 目光接触已是交谈中不可缺免的感情交流 形式了。
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４、公众距离。12～25英尺(约 3.7～7.6米)这是公开演说时演 说者与听众所保持的距离。这 是一个几乎能容纳一切人的 “门户开放”的空间，人们完 全可以对处于空间的其他人， “视而不见”，不予交往，因 为相互之间未必发生一定联系。 因此，这个空间的交往，大多 是当众演讲之类。
跨文化交际课件 Unit Four
Case One: People here call me Lao Wai (old
foreigner). At first I was quite upset, I looked at myself in the mirror, I wasn’t old: I’m only in my twenties. Later, I found they also called foreign children Lao Wai or Xiao Lao Wai (little old foreigner), I realized it’s a general term for any foreigner.
6. Greetings and terms of address
• Physical greetings: • 7. Compliments, thanks and apologies • About "Thank you!": English learners take it for granted that in answering another compliments, the best way to do is to give a response of "Thank you!". However studies show that only 38.4% of Americans directly adopt this way while all the rest choose other ways to give an response. • More…
案例分析
• Case Two: When I traveled in China, I talked with many people. I knew they were friendly to me, but sometimes their questions made feel a bit uncomfortable, such as questions about my age and salary.
文化与跨文化交际——大学英语视听说 教学课件Unit 4
gang
patrol
3. keep watch over (an area) by regularly walking or travelling around it.
trigger-happy 4. ready to react violently, especially by
shooting, on the slightest provocation.
Watch the video again, and figure out the answer to each of the following questions.
4. From the utterance---“We the only two black faces surrounded by a sea of over-caffeinated white people, patrolled by the trigger-happy LAPD”, we can infer that Anthony’s attitude towards LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) is_____________.
amigo
10. (informal) used to address or refer to a friend, chiefly in Spanish-speaking areas.
Watch the video for the first time and judge whether each of the following statement is true based on what you hear.
1. Anthony is unhappy with the black waitress’ service.
Cross-Cultural Communication Unit 1-4 跨文化交际(课堂PPT)
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CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• Meanwhile, aging population in more developed countries – Could bring more communication issues between older generations and younger generations (this can be treated as co-culture).
ethnic background, age, sex,
media, monetary systems,
or other factors.
etc.
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• We learn our culture through proverbs
– Offer an important set of instructions
Our goal in this class is to answer some of the following questions: • Why do we often uncomfortable when encountering people who are different from yourself? • Why do people from different cultures behave in ways that seem strange to you? • How do cultural differences influence communication? • Which cultural differences are important and which are inconsequential? • Why is it difficult to understand and appreciate cultural difference?
跨文化交际Unit 4(大二英语)PPT课件
Title +Surname
Neutral Relationship Surname +Title
/Situation
Title +Surname Given Name
Close Relationship /Informal Situation
Given Name
Given Name
III. Apologizing
• When to apologize • Who to apologize • How to apologize and how to respond
第20页/共39页
[Case 1] A calls B, but B doesn’t answer the Conversation 1 cal l A: Why didn’t you take upitmhe mphoenedjiuast tneowl?y. Compare the f o l l o w i n g t wo B: I just came in. I was in the office downstairs. c o n ve r s a ti ons . A: Sorr y, I should have phoned your office first.
第2页/共39页
I. Addressing
• A: Teacher Liu, could you come over to our par ty this Saturday? • A: Manager Smith, could I schedule your presentation on our new design for Friday
• Jennifer: I am really sorry for all this. • 此种情景若发生在一个中国家庭？……
跨文化交际PPT演示课件
.
Key Terms
The Adaptation Stage 适应阶段 适应阶段是指“外乡人”的沮丧、烦恼和焦虑消失了 的阶段。他们基本上适应了新的文化环境，适应了当 地的风俗习惯，能与当地人和平相处。 The Reverse Culture Shock 逆向文化冲击 逆向文化冲击是指归国者归国初期表现出对自己祖国 环境的种种不适应状况。
跨文化交际实训
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Culture Shock in Intercultural Communication
Learning Objectives In this chapter, you should be able to Basic knowledge about culture shock. The elements that cause culture shock. The five stages of culture shock. How do the people feel and react when they are experiencing culture shock. How to alleviate culture shock.
.
Comprehension Questions
.
Glossary
initial enchantment fascination cordial superficial embrace invariably idiosyncrasies competent overwhelmed adj. 最初的；字首的 n. 魔法；着迷 n. 魅力；入迷 adj. 兴奋的；热忱的 adj. 表面的；肤浅的 vt. 包含；信奉 adv. 不变地；总是 n. 气质；风格 adj. 能干的；足够的 adj. 压倒性的, 无法抵抗的
跨文化交际Unit 4 Verbal Communication
Age
advanced in age seasoned man mature people second childhood senior citizen
???
She has canceled all her social engagements. (1856) She is in an interesting condition. (1880) She is in a delicate condition. (1895) She is knitting little booties. (1910) She is in a family way. (1920) She is expecting. (1935)
economic crisis—depression Slum--substandard housing poor countries: less-developed nations/ emerging nations Poor--less well off/ Economically deprived/needy/disadvantaged
Unit 4 Verbal Communication
Contents
Differences in Cultural Thought Patterns Culturally Loaded Words (Connotations) Cultural Reflections on Proverbs Taboo
Absence of referent
Different Connotations
Beside the lake, beneadancing in the breeze. And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际.ppt
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• We learned our culture through mass media
• Culture is transmitted from generation to generation
• Culture is based on symbols
• Culture is subjected to change
• Subjective elements include: values, beliefs, attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in the society.
• Basic functions of Culture: adapt to a particular ecology, and includes the knowledge that people need to have in order to function in their own social environment.
• Culture is integrated
• Culture is adaptive
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
跨文化交际unit 4课件
Unit 4 词汇与意义⏹教学内容：⏹（1）词汇的概念意义、内涵意义、社会意义、情感意义和搭配意义。
⏹（2）中英词汇对比⏹基本要求：⏹了解词汇在语言的跨文化交际中的地位，掌握词汇的几种意义，中英语言在词汇方面存在的差别。
重点是词汇的内涵意义及中英词汇的差别。
Importance⏹If we want to study the difference between two languages, we have to begin with the study of the words in the two languages. Because the close relationship between language and culture is most readily seen in words.Section 1 T ypes of meanings⏹1. Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹the basic meaning presented by a word. It refers to logical, cognitive(认知的), referential (指示的), or denotative（外延的）content.⏹also known as surface meaning or denotative meaning外延意义, dictionary meaning or literal meaning字面意义of a word.Features of Conceptual meaning概念意义⏹1. It is the core of the meaning of a word. It is the basic meaning represented by meaningful linguistic units. It‟s recorded in the dictionary.⏹E.g. woman-an adult female human being.⏹Dog-a four-legged animal which can make the sound of barking⏹2. It can be divided into some semantic components(语义成⏹分).⏹Woman: +animate(有生命) +human(人) - male (男性) -adult(成年)I⏹boy：⏹3. It is relatively constant and stable, because it is the meaning agreed upon by all the members of the same speech community.But it may also vary.⏹Manuscript =“手稿” now also including文稿printed from typewriter or computer Note: Many different words can have the same conceptual meaning⏹walk⏹to move forward by placing one foot in front of the other. The newlyweds新婚夫妇strolled down漫步the streets of Paris.⏹The wealthy businessman swaggered大摇大摆地into the restaurant and demanded a table.The overweight man lumbered笨重地行动along, breathing heavily and occasionally tripping.⏹These synonyms, although with different connotative meanings内涵意义, have the same conceptual meaning.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g. New England, Canberra, Northern Ireland, Sydney, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, Quebec, Ottawa,⏹The Thames River, St. Lawrence, British Isles, The Rocky Mountains（落基山脉）, The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,⏹koala, kangaroo, tornado(龙卷风)⏹The Great Barrier Reef, Silicon V alley, Yellowstone Park,⏹Summary：All these have their own geographical features: places, plants and animals uniquely found in USA, Great Britain and Australia; They all represent meaning unique in their own cultures；Their Chinese equivalents are only used by the Chinese people as mere names, which have lost their distinctive geographical and cultural features.The English Words unique in English culture⏹A. words related with geography⏹e.g.⏹U.S.A: New England, The Rocky Mountains,The Mississippi River, The Niagara Falls,Y ellowstone Park, Silicon V alley⏹Britain: British Isles, Northern Ireland, London, Edinburgh, Greenwich, The Thames River, Rose⏹Canada: Ottawa, Quebec, St. Lawrence,⏹Australia: Canberra, Sydney, The Great Barrier Reef, koala, kangaroo⏹B. words and history⏹the May Flower⏹(the ship in which a group of⏹British Puritans who were also⏹known as pilgrim fathers sailed to⏹America in 1620.⏹The revolutionary war⏹( the struggle of the 13 colonies in North America for independence from the British rule between 1775-1783)⏹Scalp(头皮)⏹(to tear the skin on the top and back of head and the hair attached from an enemy by an North American Indian as a trophy战利品)⏹⏹Knight⏹(a man given the rank of knighthood by the British Monarch in recognition of merits in public service)⏹Hippy/Hippie⏹(a young man and young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress, etc.)⏹C. word and politics⏹USA: President, Secretary, Congress, Senate, the House of Representatives, The Democratic Party, The Republican Party, the Supreme Court⏹Great Britain: Parliament议会:the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom. It comprises the sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.议会两院尤指英国由上议院和下议院构成的国家立法机关; Prime Minister, The Conservative Party, The Labour Party, Supreme Court of Judicature司法⏹Governor行政长官⏹the official title of the representative of the British monarch in a British colony.⏹Governor general总督⏹the personal representative of the British crown in the independent nations of the commonwealth.⏹e.g. The Canadian Governor General⏹Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制⏹a monarchy in which the powers of the rulers are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nationD. words and religion⏹Bible⏹a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament⏹reformation:宗教改革⏹a 16th century religious movement against the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, ending in the formation of Protestant Churches.⏹Christmas box耶诞礼物或礼金⏹money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout the year.⏹Boxing day节礼日⏹the first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England⏹Easter⏹the chief Christian feast, which celebrates the Resurrection of Christ, on the first Sunday after the full moon that coincides with or comes after the spring equinox.E. words and HolidaysChristmas cake/pudding/card/tree/carol/stockingFather Christmas), Santa Claus(A)⏹F. words and currency⏹Pound, penny; the American dollar, cent, quarter, nickel⏹G. Words and law⏹Court, judge, jury, lawyer, attorney (A)⏹H. Words and way of life⏹Snack Bar, roast beef, hamburger, sandwich, barbecue, cocktail, champagne; pajamas, suite, dress; subway, Greyhound bus; drive-ins, diner,⏹I. words and sports⏹Football, soccer, rugby, hockey, cricket⏹J. words and sex⏹Striptease, sex store, sexual interference, prostitute, whorehouse⏹K. words and personality⏹GB: reserve, practical, insularism偏执⏹USA：individualism, rapid pace of life, direct, promptness, informality, originality, materialism English works partly corresponding with Chinese words in conceptual meaning⏹1. Intellectual--知识分子⏹2. social sciences--社会科学⏹3. drugstore--药店⏹[美]杂货店(出售药物、糖果、饮料,化妆品，杂志及其他杂物的店铺)⏹4. Morning=午夜+凌晨+黎明+早晨+上午⏹5. Y oung(18-40), middle-aged(40-60), old (over 60)-------老中青⏹Discussion: discuss the conceptual differences between the words in each pair⏹yard--院子⏹peasant--农民⏹idealist-唯心主义者⏹materialist--唯物主义者"family" and jiating (家庭)⏹An American (A) attended her Chinese friend's (B) wedding. Two years later, the two met again.⏹A: Have you started a family'!⏹B: Oh, yes. Y ou attended my wedding, remember?⏹A: I mean if you've had children.⏹Here we see that ' family' means more than jiating (家庭) ，though they seem to be equivalents.2. Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹the implication（含义，暗示）of words, apart from its primary meaning.It is the communicative value that an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning. It varies from culture to culture and from individual to individual⏹E.g. Woman⏹Physical: biped(双足的), having a womb(子宫)⏹Personality: gentle, compassionate, sensitive, hard-working, frail脆弱的, emotional, prone to tears, irrational, inconstant变化无常的,subject to maternal instinct, behavior: capable of speech, experienced in cookery, skirt or dress wearing,⏹Dog⏹loyal to owner, fierce凶猛的, violentFeatures of Connotative meaning内涵意义⏹1. Despite cultural background difference, some corresponding words in two languages may convey the same connotative meaning. e.g tiger, 老虎--cruelty⏹E.g. Woman⏹2. words with the same conceptual meaning yet different connotative meaning⏹书, book⏹老，old⏹同志，comrade⏹宣传，propaganda⏹狗，dogConnotative meanings vary according to different people, times, ages, societies etc.⏹E.g. Home: warm, loving, comfortable, safe⏹like a prison, cold, boring⏹终身大事⏹工作？事业？婚姻? 生死？⏹Connotative meaning may change with the times going⏹E.g. traditional: positive in the past⏹―old, conservative‖ at present⏹3. Social meaning社会意义⏹Social meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use, such as the language users( who are using the language), settings (where is language used), topics (what are language users are talking or writing).⏹E.g⏹home (general) , residence (formal), domicile（law）, abode (literature),⏹horse, steed（战马）, nag（老马）,gee-gee（child）⏹throw(general) , cast (literature and religious), chuck(slang)⏹salt, sodium chloride⏹disobedient, recalcitrant反抗的⏹A good selection of words is important.Exercise！⏹Words which stand for what people do in order to make a living: job, vocation, profession, occupation, career, trade, work⏹Profession (an occupation requiring special education, especially in the liberal arts or sciences)所指的职业是需要在文科或理科方面有一定的教育程度，具备一定理论水平的人才的职业。
跨文化交际 Unit4(课堂PPT)
Activity 2 :Footing the bill
早在15世纪，人们便开始使用“foot the bill”这个短
语，但当时指的是把所有的帐目加起来算 出总金额，然后写在帐单的底部（foot of bill or account），foot的意思相当 于bottom。
很显然，这是店家的工作，没消费者什么事。但是 到了19世纪，则轮到消费者"foot the bill"了，因为
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Be sure to avoid:
◆ Giving clocks as gifts ◆ Colors such as white or black ◆ Number four ◆ Sharp objects such as knives, letter openers, or scissors ◆ Giving gifts in odd numbers ◆ Do not brag about your gift in front of the recipient. ◆ A fine writing pen would be a good gift, unless it has red ink.
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Activity 4:
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Chinese never accept offer of drinks or food; westerners do not press their guests to drink or eat.
In China, if a guest is invited to a home, the host will normally serve the guest with some hot tea, and often when the host is making tea, the guest will ask the host not to bother to do so. Even so the host will provide tea for the guest. The behaviour of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and habitual, and are understood as showing politeness and courtesy.
跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件
Verbal Communication
Objectives
Learn the culturally loaded words Learn the cultural reflections on
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
proverbs Learn taboos Learn the differences in cultural thought patterns
知识分子
In CC, it refers to people including college teachers, college students, middle school teachers, and such people as medical doctors, engineers, interpreters. In EC, it refers to people of high academic status (college professors) –much smaller range of people. not always a complimentary term, sometimes used in derogatory sense.
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Interpretations
龙--- in CC, it is a totem(图腾) with
many royal associations, 龙颜，龙 床，龙袍， 龙心大喜。 In EC, dragon refers to horrible, disgusting monsters.
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the young chick duckling gosling foal calf puppy lamb fawn shoat
跨文化交际课程unit4
Proverbs
The proverbs that we can find the equal version both in Chinese and English
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Man proposes, God disposes 尽人事，听天命。/ 谋事在人，成事在天
It is a sin to steal a pin
Culturally loaded words
What is culturally loaded words?
Loaded words and phrases are those which have strong emotional overtones (n. 暗示，弦 外音，寓意) or connotations (n. 涵义，言外之 意 ), and which evoke strongly positive or negative reactions beyond their literal meaning.
Contents
Verbal Communication:
Culturally loaded words
Cultural reflections on proverbs and taboos
Nonverbal Communication:
Time language Space language Body language Paralanguage
Can you find the equivalent words in English for these Chinese words?
龙----- dragon