简单句的五种基本结构

简单句的五种基本结构众所周知，英语在进行交流时离不开句子，用句子表达时离不开一定的规则：有了一定的规则，我们才能学到规范的英语，才能讲出地道的英语；有了规范化的语句，才能产生新的句子；只有规则系统化、规范化，才有助于语言知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。

所以，学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构，对于提高自己的听、说、读、写、译能力至关重要。

一、简单句常见的五种基本结构1.主＋谓2.主＋系＋表3.主＋谓＋宾4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾5.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补二、对于各个基本结构，初中要求掌握的知识有：1.主＋谓例如：I went to school at 7：00.主谓状这一结构中的动词为不及物动词，其后没有宾语。

2.主＋系＋表例如：The food smells delicious.主系表 1）常见的连系动词：a.be；b.look，sound，smell，taste，feel，seem等；（要用主动表被动）c.become，get，turn，grow，fall等；d.keep，stay等。

2）只能作表语的形容词：alone，asleep， afraid，alive，ill等。

3）look与seem的区别a.look是“貌似”之意，指凭视觉作出判断；b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意，表示根据一定线索对某事物作出判断；c.look like不能换为seem like；d.seem可接不定式，且可转换为It seems／seemed that.。

结构，而look不能。

3.主＋谓＋宾例如：He hopes to fly to the moon.主谓宾1）只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词： want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask， can't wait等；2）只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词： mind，enjoy，keep，finish，can't help等；3）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词：a.remember to do.。

记住要做……（还未做） remember doing.。

记得做了……（已做过）b.forget to do.。

忘了做……（还未做） forget doing.。

忘了做过……（已做过）c.stop to do.。

停下来去做…… stop doing.。

停止做……d.go on to do.。

接下来去做…… go on doing.。

继续做……e.try to do.。

尽力做…… try doing.。

试着做……（看有无结果）f. mean to do 。

打算做…… mean doing。

意味着……g. lean to do。

学着做…… learn doing。

学会了做……4）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love， hate等。

4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾例如：He gave me a pen.主谓间宾直宾1）这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to（对象）或for（目的）；例如：They lent the bike to the boy.主谓直宾间宾2）需在间宾前加to的常见动词有：give，show，send，bring，pass，lend，tell，teach 等；3）需在间宾前加for的常见动词有：make，buy，do，cook，sing，find等；4）最好用主＋谓＋直宾＋间宾结构的情况：a.当直接宾语是人称代词时：例如：I'll send it to you.直宾间宾b.当直宾比间宾短时：例如：We'll sing some songs for the friend from a foreign country.直宾间宾5.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补例如：The boy wished his father to buy a bike for him.主谓宾宾补1）带to的不定式作宾补；例如：She asked me to call him again.很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补。

初中教材常见的这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish， would like，like，hate等。

注：hope后不能接复合宾语。

2）不带to的不定式作宾补；例如：We often hear the girl sing the song.能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at， observe.注：①如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然带to.② help后的不定式可以带to也可不带 to.3）分词作宾补；例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window.现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表示请别人做某事。

能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice， watch，feel 及find，get，have（这三个动词为使役动词）等。

注：在感官动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语。

现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，如例a；用不定式表示动作已发生了，即动作的全部过程已结束，如例b.如：a.He saw a girl getting on the bus.（意为上车的动作正在进行。

）b.He saw a girl get on the bus.（意为女孩上车的动作已经结束了。

）4）名词作宾补；例如：We must keep it a secret.这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，make，elect， think，find，leave等。

5）形容词作宾补。

例如：You should keep the room clean.常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有： make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，leave等。

注：4），5）类复合宾语中有时宾语不是一个名词或代词，而是一个从句、不定式或动名词，这时通常要用一个it来代替它（即形式宾语），则把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。

例如：① They found it strange that no one would take the money.②You will feel it a great pleasure talking to her.三、巩固练习：同义句转换1.It seems that he will give us a talk tomorrow.He ____ ____ be giving us a talk tomorrow.2.I thought I hadn't covered the basket.I had ____ ____ the basket.3.If the rain stops，we'll have a picnic.If it ____ ____ ，we'll have a picnic.4.The teacher was listened to by them singing a song.They listened ____ the teacher ____ a song.5.I'll ask somebody to cut my hair.I'll ____ my hair ____ .仿写练习1. 你赢了。

2. 他失败了。

3. 很多小朋友在哭。

4. 会议已经开始了。

5. 我明天回来。

6. 我昨天5点在学习。

7. 他一整天都在学习。

强化训练时态填空1. My car (break) down this morning.2. Many changes (take place) in these two years.3. Maybe he (give up) in the end.4. The girl (get) up at 6:00 every day.5. They (dance) on the playground now.6. It (rain) heavily outside at that moment yesterday.否定句对于动词的否定有两种：有助动词have/has/had, will或情态动词或be后面加not；没有助动词的情况下则要在实义动词前加助动词do/does/did的相应形式，然后再加not。

1.He comes. →He doesn’t come.I get up at six. →I don’t get up at six.They work in the morning.→They don’t work in the morning.2.He left. →He didn’t l eave.They left. →They didn’t leave.3.He is working .→He isn’t working.I am working. →I am not working.They are working. →They are not working.4.He was working. →He wasn’t working.They were working .→They were not working.5.He has been to Greece before. →He hasn’t been to Greece before.或He has never been to Greece before.They have been to Greece before. →They haven’t been to Greece before.或They have never been to Greece before.6.He had left. →He hadn’t left.They had left. →They hadn’t lef t.7.He will come. →He will not come.They will come. →They will not come.仿写练习将下列句子改为否定句1. He is studying in the classroom.2. Tom went to Guangzhou last weekend.3. The sun was shining just now.4. She lives in Beijing.5. I am going abroad next year.6. They have waited for the bus in the street for an hour.II. 完成句子1. 他来这接女儿。