牛津上海版8A语法时态综合讲解及练习(有答案)

语法：时态语态综合

初中阶段考查8种时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。今天我们涉及6个时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。

英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，目前中考主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时这四种时态的被动语态以及含情态动词的被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。它的基本结构为：be动词+及物动词的过去分词。所有的时态变化在be动词上。

动词时态：

动词语态

注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：

一．被动语态中不定式要还原

Let/make/see/hear/watch sb. do sth.----- sb. be let/made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.

My mother made me look after the little sister yesterday.

----I was made to look after the little sister by my mother yesterday.

二．有些动词没有被动语态。(及物动词才有被动语态)

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear, die，disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

2) 系动词无被动语态：

appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

3) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

4) 系动词无被动语态：

appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

I want to go now.

三．主动表示被动的几种情况

1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。

这本书销路很好。This book sells well.

这本小说读起来很有趣。This novel reads well.

肉很容易切。Meat cuts easily.

此类词还有lock, shut, open, move, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw

2）有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意。

The book is printing. = The book is being printed.

The house is building. = The house is being built.

3）介词短语作表语，主动表示被动

The question is now under discussion.

The fire was finally under control.

All these old buildings are under repairs.

Practice

I. Choose the best answer. (选择题)

() 1. We usually__________ four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon.

A) has B) have C) is having D) had () 2.—Your phone number again? I __________ quite catch it.

—It’s 9566442.

A) mustn’t B) don’t C) didn’t D) needn’t () 3. The teachers in our school ______ on a two-day trip to the mountains last weekend.

A) go B) goes C) went D) will go

() 4.“Sam, turn the music down! Your sister ______ her homework in the next room now.”said the mother.

A) do B) did C) was doing D) is doing () 5. When I came into the room, Arthur _____ a computer game excitedly.

A) played B) would play C) was playing D) has played

() 6. In this restaurant, Yangzhou fried rice _____ only for lunch and dinner.

A) serves B) served C) is serving D) is served () 7. My mother told me that the moon ______ its light from the sun.

A) gets B) get C) got D) has got () 8. My aunt _____ English in this school since she graduated from the university.

A) taught B) has taught C) will teach D) teaches () 9. Good service ______ by China during the World Expo in Shanghai in 2010.

A) provided B) has provided C) was provided D)has been provided