欧盟包材指令94-62-EC-及其他相关法规(新)

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CPR法规(欧盟对包装材料指令9462EC进行第四次修订)

DIRECTIVESCOMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2013/2/EUof 7 February 2013amending Annex I to Directive 94/62/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on packaging and packaging waste(Text with EEA relevance)THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,Having regard to European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste ( 1 ), and in particular Article 3(1) thereof,Whereas: (1) Article 3(1) of Directive 94/62/EC defines ‘packaging’ by setting out a number of criteria. The items listed in Annex I to that Directive are illustrative examples of the application of those criteria.(2) For reasons of legal certainty and harmonisation of the interpretation of the definition of ‘packaging’, it is necessary to review and amend the list of illustrative examples to clarify additional cases where the borderline between what is packaging and what is not, remains unclear. The review follows calls from the Member States and the economic operators to reinforce the imple mentation of the Directive and create a level playing field in the internal market. (3) Directive 94/62/EC should therefore be amended accord ingly. (4) The Committee established by Article 21 of Directive 94/62/EC has not delivered an opinion (on the measures provided for in this Directive) and the Commission therefore submitted to the Council a proposal relating to the measures and forwarded it to the European Parliament. The Council did not act within the two-month period provided for by Article 5a of Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of imple menting powers conferred on the Commission ( 2 ) and the Commission therefore submitted the proposal to the European Parliament without delay. The European Parliament did not oppose the measure within fourmonths from the abovementioned forwarding,HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article 1 Annex I to Directive 94/62/EC is replaced by the text set out in the Annex to this Directive. Article 2 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with thisDirective by 30 September 2013 at the latest. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions. When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. Article 3 This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union . Article 4 This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 7 February 2013. For the Commission The PresidentJosé Manuel BARROSO L 37/10 Official Journal of the European Union 8.2.2013( 1 ) OJ L 365, 31.12.1994, p. 10. ( 2 ) OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.ANNEX‘ANNEX IILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES FOR THE CRITERIA REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 3(1)Illustrative examples for criterion (i)PackagingSweet boxesFilm overwrap around a CD caseMailing pouches for catalogues and magazines (with a magazine inside)Cake doilies sold with a cakeRolls, tubes and cylinders around which flexible material (e.g. plastic film, aluminium, paper) is wound, except rolls, tubes and cylinders intended as parts of production machinery and not used to present a product as a sales unitFlower pots intended to be used only for the selling and transporting of plants and not intended to stay with the plant throughout its life timeGlass bottles for injection solutionsCD spindles (sold with CDs, not intended to be used as storage)Clothes hangers (sold with a clothing item)MatchboxesSterile barrier systems (pouches, trays and materials necessary to preserve the sterility of the product)Beverage system capsules (e.g. coffee, cacao, milk) which are left empty after useRefillable steel cylinders used for various kinds of gas, excluding fire extinguishersNon-packagingFlower pots intended to stay with the plant throughout its life timeTool boxesTea bagsWax layers around cheeseSausage skinsClothes hangers (sold separately)Beverage system coffee capsules, coffee foil pouches, and filter paper coffee pods disposed together with the used coffee productCartridges for printersCD, DVD and video cases (sold together with a CD, DVD or video inside)CD spindles (sold empty, intended to be used as storage)Soluble bags for detergentsGrave side lights (containers for candles)Mechanical quern (integrated in a refillable recipient, e.g. refillable pepper mill)Illustrative examples for criterion (ii)Packaging, if designed and intended to be filled at the point of salePaper or plastic carrier bagsDisposable plates and cupsJournal of the European Union L 37/11L 37/12 Official Journal of the European Union 8.2.2013 Cling filmSandwich bagsAluminium foilPlastic foil for cleaned clothes in laundriesNon-packagingStirrerDisposable cutleryWrapping paper (sold separately)Paper baking cases (sold empty)Cake doilies sold without a cakeIllustrative examples for criterion (iii)PackagingLabels hung directly on or attached to a productPart of packagingMascara brush which forms part of the container closureSticky labels attached to another packaging itemStaplesPlastic sleevesDevice for measuring dosage which forms part of the container closure for detergentsMechanical quern (integrated in a non-refillable recipient, filled with a product, e.g. pepper mill filled with pepper)Non-packagingRadio frequency identification (RFID) tags’。

欧盟包装及包装废弃物指令9462EC

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a disclaimer and a copyrightnotice.European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste Official Journal L 365 , 31/12/1994 P. 0010 - 0023Finnish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 13 P. 0266Swedish special edition: Chapter 15 Volume 13 P. 0266EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 94/62/EC of 20December 1994 on packaging and packaging wasteTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEANUNION,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particularArticle 100a thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (2),Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 189b of the Treaty (3),Whereas the differing national measures concerning the management of packaging andpackaging waste should be harmonized in order, on the one hand, to prevent anyimpact thereof on the environment or to reduce such impact, thus providing a highlevel of environmental protection, and, on the other hand, to ensure the functioning ofthe internal market and to avoid obstacles to trade and distortion and restriction ofcompetition within the Community;Whereas the best means of preventing the creation of packaging waste is to reduce theoverall volume of packaging;Whereas it is important, in relation of the objectives of this Directive, to respect thegeneral principle that measures taken in one Member State to protect the environmentshould not adversely affect the ability of other Member States to achieve the objectivesof the Directive;Whereas the reduction of waste is essential for the sustainable growth specificallycalled for by the Treaty on European Union;Whereas this Directive should cover all types of packaging placed on the market andall packaging waste; whereas; therefore, Council Directive 85/339/EEC of 27 June1985 on containers of liquids for human consumption (4) should be repealed;Whereas packaging has a vital social and economic function and therefore measuresprovided for in this Directive should apply without prejudice to other relevantlegislative requirements affecting quality and transport of packaging or packagedgoods;Whereas, in line with the Community strategy for waste management set out inCouncil resolution of 7 May 1990 on waste policy (5) and Council Directive75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste (6), the management of packaging andpackaging waste should include as a first priority, prevention of packaging waste and,as additional fundamental principles, reuse of packaging, recycling and other forms ofrecovering packaging waste and, hence, reduction of the final disposal of such waste;Whereas, until scientific and technological progress is made with regard to recovery processes, reuse and recycling should be considered preferable in terms of environmental impact; whereas this requires the setting up in the Member States of systems guaranteeing the return of used packaging and/or packaging waste; whereas life-cycle assessments should be completed as soon as possible to justify a clear hierarchy between reusable, recyclable and recoverable packaging;Whereas prevention of packaging waste shall be carried out through appropriate measures, including initiatives taken within the Member States in accordance with the objectives of this Directive;Whereas Member States may encourage, in accordance with the Treaty, reuse systems of packaging which can be reused in an environmentally sound manner, in order to take advantage of the contribution of such systems to environmental protection; Whereas from an environmental point of view recycling should be regarded as an important part of recovery with a particular view to reducing the consumption of energy and of primary raw materials and the final disposal of waste;Whereas energy recovery is one effective means of packaging waste recovery; Whereas targets set in Member States for the recovery and recycling of packaging waste should be confined within certain ranges so as to take account of the different situations in Member States and to avoid creating barriers to trade and distortion of competition;Whereas, in order to achieve results in the medium term and to give economic operators, consumers and public authorities the necessary perspective for the longer term, a medium-term deadline should be set for attaining the aforementioned targets and a long-term deadline set for targets to be determined at a later stage with a view to substantially increasing those targets;Whereas the European Parliament and the Council should, on the basis of reports by the Commission, examine the practical experience gained in Member States in working towards the aforementioned targets and the findings of scientific research and evaluation techniques such as eco-balances;Whereas Member States which have, or will set, programmes going beyond such target ranges should be permitted to pursue those targets in the interest of a high level of environmental protection on condition shat such measures avoid disturbances on the internal market and do not prevent other Member States from complying with this Directive; whereas the Commission should confirm such measures after appropriate verification;Whereas, on the other hand, certain Member States may be allowed to adopt lower targets because of the specific circumstances in those Member States, on condition that they achieve a minimum target for recovery within the standard deadline, and the standard targets by a later deadline;Whereas the management of packaging and packaging waste requires the Member States to set up return, collection and recovery systems; whereas such systems should be open to the participation of all interested parties and be designed to avoid discrimination against imported products and barriers to trade or distortions of competition and to guarantee the maximum possible return of packaging and packaging waste, in accordance with the Treaty;Whereas the issue of Community marking of packaging requires further study, but should be decided by the Community in the near future;Whereas, in order to minimize the impact of packaging and packaging waste on the environment and to avoid barriers to trade and distortion of competition, it is also necessary to define the essential requirements governing the composition and thereusable and recoverable (including recyclable) nature of packaging;Whereas the presence of noxious metals and other substances in packaging should be limited in view of their environmental impact (in particular in the light of their likely presence in emissions or ash when packaging is incinerated, or in leachate when packaging is landfilled); whereas it is essential, as a first step towards reducing the toxicity of packaging waste, to prevent the addition of noxious heavy metals to packaging and ensure that such substances are not released into the environment, with appropriate exemptions which should be determined by the Commission in specific cases under a Committee procedure;Whereas, if a high level of recycling is to be attained and health and safety problems are to be avoided by those employed to collect and process packaging waste, it is essential for such waste to be sorted at source;Whereas the requirements for the manufacturing of packaging should not apply to packaging used for a given product before the date of entry into force of this Directive; whereas a transition period for the marketing of packaging is also required; Whereas the timing of the provision on the placing on the market of packaging which meets all essential requirements should take account of the fact that European standards are being prepared by the competent standardization body; whereas, however, the provisions on means of proof of conformity of national standards should apply without delay;Whereas the preparation of European standards for essential requirements and other related issues should be promoted;Whereas the measures provided for in this Directive imply the development of recovery and recycling capacities and market outlets for recycled packaging materials; Whereas the inclusion of recycled material in packaging should not contradict relevant provisions on hygiene, health and consumer safety;Whereas Community-wide data on packaging and packaging waste are needed in order to monitor the implementation of the objectives of this Directive;Whereas it is essential that all those involved in the production, use, import and distribution of packaging and packaged products become more aware of the extent to which packaging becomes waste, and that in accordance with the polluter-pays principle they accept responsibility for such waste; whereas the development and implementation of the measures provided for in this Directive should involve and require the close cooperation of all the partners, where appropriate, within a spirit of shared responsibility;Whereas consumers play a key role in the management of packaging and packaging waste and thus have to be adequately informed in order to adapt their behaviour and attitudes;Whereas the inclusion of a specific chapter on the management of packaging and packaging waste in the waste management plans required pursuant to Directive75/442/EEC will contribute to the effective implementation of this Directive; Whereas, in order to facilitate the achievement of the objectives of this Directive, it may be appropriate for the Community and the Member States to use economic instruments in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty, so as to avoid new forms of protectionism;Whereas Member States should, without prejudice to Council Directive 83/189/EEC of 28 March 1983 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations (1), notify the Commission of drafts of any measures they intend to adopt before adopting them, so that it can be established whether or not they comply with the Directive;Whereas the adaptation to scientific and technical progress of the packaging identification system and the formats relating to a database system should be ensured by the Commission under a committee procedure;Whereas it is necessary to provide for specific measures to be taken to deal with any difficulties encountered in the implementation of this Directive in accordance, where appropriate, with the same committee procedure,HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article 1Objectives 1. This Directive aims to harmonize national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste in order, on the one hand, to prevent any impact thereof on the environment of all Member States as well as of third countries or to reduce such impact, thus providing a high level of environmental protection, and, on the other hand, to ensure the functioning of the internal market and to avoid obstacles to trade and distortion and restriction of competition within the Community.2. To this end this Directive lays down measures aimed, as a first priority, at preventing the production of packaging waste and, as additional fundamental principles, at reusing packaging, at recycling and other forms of recovering packaging waste and, hence, at reducing the final disposal of such waste.Article 2Scope 1. This Directive covers all packaging placed on the market in the Community and all packaging waste, whether it is used or released at industrial, commercial, office, shop, service, household or any other level, regardless of the material used.2. This Directive shall apply without prejudice to existing quality requirements for packaging such as those regarding safety, the protection of health and the hygiene of the packed products or to existing transport requirements or to the provisions of Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste (2).Article 3Definitions For the purposes of this Directive:1. 'packaging` shall mean all products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer. 'Non-returnable` items used for the same purposes shall also be considered to constitute packaging.'Packaging` consists only of:(a) sales packaging or primary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to constitutea sales unit to the final user or consumer at the point of purchase;(b) grouped packaging or secondary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to constitute at the point of purchase a grouping of a certain number of sales units whether the latter is sold as such to the final user or consumer or whether it serves only as a means to replenish the shelves at the point of sale; it can be removed from the product without affecting its characteristics;(c) transport packaging or tertiary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to facilitate handling and transport of a number of sales units or grouped packagings in order to prevent physical handling and transport damage. Transport packaging does not include road, rail, ship and air containers;2. 'packaging waste` shall mean any packaging or packaging material covered by the definition of waste in Directive 75/442/EEC, excluding production residues;3. 'packaging waste management` shall mean the management of waste as defined in Directive 75/442/EEC;4. 'prevention` shall mean the reduction of the quantity and of the harmfulness for the environment of:- materials and substances contained in packaging and packaging waste,- packaging and packaging waste at production process level and at the marketing, distribution, utilization and elimination stages,in particular by developing 'clean` products and technology;5. 'reuse` shall mean any operation by which packaging, which has been conceived and designed to accomplish within its life cycle a minimum number of trips or rotations, is refilled or used for the same purpose for which it was conceived, with or without the support of auxiliary products present on the market enabling the packaging to be refilled; such reused packaging will become packaging waste when no longer subject to reuse;6. 'recovery` shall mean any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex II.B to Directive 75/442/EEC;7. 'recycling` shall mean the reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes including organic recycling but excluding energy recovery;8. 'energy recovery` shall mean the use of combustible packaging waste as a means to generate energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat;9. 'organic recycling` shall mean the aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment, under controlled conditions and using micro-organisms, of the biodegradable parts of packaging waste, which produces stabilized organic residues or methane. Landfill shall not be considered a form of organic recycling; 10. 'disposal` shall mean any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex II.A to Directive 75/442/EEC;11. 'economic operators` in relation to packaging shall mean suppliers of packaging materials, packaging producers and converters, fillers and users, importers, traders and distributors, authorities and statutory organizations;12. 'voluntary agreement` shall mean the formal agreement concluded between the competent public authorities of the Member State and the economic sectors concerned, which has to be open to all partners who wish to meet the conditions of the agreement with a view to working towards the objectives of this Directive.Article 4Prevention 1. Member States shall ensure that, in addition to the measures to prevent the formation of packaging waste taken in accordance with Article 9, other preventive measures are implemented. Such other measures may consist of national programmes or similar actions adopted, if appropriate in consultation with economic operators, and designed to collect and take advantage of the many initiatives taken within Member States as regards prevention. They shall comply with the objectives of this Directive as defined in Article 1 (1).2. The Commission shall help to promote prevention by encouraging the development of suitable European standards, in accordance with Article 10.Article 5Member States may encourage reuse systems of packaging, which can be reused in an environmentally sound manner, in conformity with the Treaty.Article 6Recovery and recycling 1. In order to comply with the objectives of this Directive, Member States shall take the necessary measures to attain the following targets covering the whole of their territory;(a) no later than five years from the date by which this Directive must be implemented in national law, between 50 % as a minimum and 65 % as a maximum by weight of the packaging waste will be recovered;(b) within this general target, and with the same time limit, between 25 % as a minimum and 45 % as a maximum by weight of the totality of packaging materials contained in packaging waste will be recycled with a minimum of 15 % by weight for each packaging material;(c) no later than 10 years from the date by which this Directive must be implemented in national law, a percentage of packaging waste will be recovered and recycled, which will have to be determined by the Council in accordance with paragraph 3 (b) with a view to substantially increasing the targets mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b).2. Member States shall, where appropriate, encourage the use of materials obtained from recycled packaging waste for the manufacturing of packaging and other products.3. (a) The European Parliament and the Council shall, on the basis of an interim report by the Commission, and four years from the date referred to in paragraph 1 (a) on the basis of a final report, examine the practical experience gained in the Member States in the pursuance of the targets and objective laid down in paragraphs 1 (a) and (b) and 2 and the findings of scientific research and evaluation techniques such as eco-balances.(b) No later than six months before the end of the first five-year phase referred to in paragraph 1 (a) the Council shall, acting by qualified majority and on a proposal from the Commission, fix targets for the second five-year phase referred to in paragraph 1(c). This process shall be repeated every five years thereafter.4. The measures and targets referred to in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) shall be published by the Member States and shall be the subject of an information campaign for the general public and economic operators.5. Greece, Ireland and Portugal may, because of their specific situation, i. e. respectively the large number of small islands, the presence of rural and mountain areas and the current low level of packaging consumption, decide to:(a) attain, no later than five years from the date of implementation of this Directive, lower targets than those fixed in paragraph 1 (a) and (b), but shall at least attain 25 % for recovery;(b) postpone at the same time the attainment of the targets in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) toa later deadline which, however, shall not exceed 31 December 2005.6. Member States which have, or will, set programmes going beyond the targets of paragraph 1 (a) and (b) and which provide to this effect appropriate capacities for recycling and recovery, are permitted to pursue those targets in the interest of a high level of environmental protection, on condition that these measures avoid distortions of the internal market and do not hinder compliance by other Member States with the Directive. Member States shall inform the Commission thereof. The Commission shall confirm these measures, after having verified, in cooperation with the Member States, that they are consistent with the considerations above and do not constitute an arbitrary means of discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States.Article 7Return, collection and recovery systems 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that systems are set up to provide for:(a) the return and/or collection of used packaging and/or packaging waste from the consumer, other final user, or from the waste stream in order to channel it to the most appropriate waste management alternatives;(b) the reuse or recovery including recycling of the packaging and/or packaging waste collected,in order to meet the objectives laid down in this Directive.These systems shall be open to the participation of the economic operators of the sectors concerned and to the participation of the competent public authorities. They shall also apply to imported products under non-discriminatory conditions, including the detailed arrangements and any tariffs imposed for access to the systems, and shall be designed so as to avoid barriers to trade or distortions of competition in conformity with the Treaty.2. The measures referred to in paragraph 1 shall form part of a policy covering all packaging and packaging waste and shall take into account, in particular, requirements regarding the protection of environmental and consumer health, safety and hygiene; the protection of the quality,the authenticity and the technical characteristics of the packed goods and materials used; and the protection of industrial and commercial property rights.Article 8Marking and identification system 1. The Council shall, in accordance with the conditions laid down in the Treaty, decide no later than two years after the entry into force of this Directive on the marking of packaging.2. To facilitate collection, reuse and recovery including recycling, packaging shall indicate for purposes of its identification and classification by the industry concerned the nature of the packaging material(s) used.To that end, the Commission shall, not later than 12 months after the entry into force of this Directive determine, on the basis of Annex I and in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21, the numbering and abbreviations on which the identification system is based and shall specify which materials shall be subject to the identification system in accordance with the same procedure.3. Packaging shall bear the appropriate marking either on the packaging itself or on the label. It shall be clearly visible and easily legible. The marking shall be appropriately durable and lasting, including when the packaging is opened.Article 9Essential requirements 1. Member States shall ensure that three years from the date of the entry into force of this Directive, packaging may be placed on the market only if it complies with all essential requirements defined by this Directive including Annex II.2. Member States shall, from the date set out in Article 22 (1), presume compliance with all essential requirements set out in this Directive including Annex II in the case of packaging which complies:(a) with the relevant harmonized standards, the reference numbers of which have been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities. Member States shall publish the reference numbers of national standards transposing these harmonized standards;(b) with the relevant national standards referred to in paragraph 3 in so far as, in theareas covered by such standards, no harmonized standards exist.3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of their national standards, as referred to in paragraph 2 (b), which they deem to comply with the requirements referred to in this Article. The Commission shall forward such texts forthwith to the other Member States.Member States shall publish the references of these standards. The Commission shall ensure that they are published in the Official Journal of the European Communities. 4. Where a Member State or the Commission considers that the standards referred to in paragraph 2 do not entirely meet the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1, the Commission or the Member State concerned shall bring the matter before the Committee set up by Directive 83/189/EEC giving the reasons therefor. This Committee shall deliver an opinion without delay.In the light of the Committee's opinion, the Commission shall inform Member States whether or not it is necessary to withdraw those standards from the publications referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3.Article 10Standardization The Commission shall promote, as appropriate, the preparation of European standards relating to the essential requirements referred to in Annex II.The Commission shall promote, in particular, the preparation of European standards relating to:- criteria and methodologies for life-cycle analysis of packaging,- the methods for measuring and verifying the presence of heavy metals and other dangerous substances in the packaging and their release into the environment from packaging and packaging waste,- criteria for a minimum content of recycled material in packaging for appropriate types of packaging,- criteria for recycling methods,- criteria for composting methods and produced compost,- criteria for the marking of packaging.Article 11Concentration levels of heavy metals present in packaging 1. Member States shall ensure that the sum of concentration levels of lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium present in packaging or packaging components shall not exceed the following:- 600 ppm by weight two years after the date referred to in Article 22 (i);- 250 ppm by weight three years after the date referred to in Article 22 (i);- 100 ppm by weight five years after the date referred to in Article 22 (i).2. The concentration levels referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply to packaging entirely made of lead crystal glass as defined in Directive 69/493/EEC (1).3. The Commission shall, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21, determine:- the conditions under which the above concentration levels will not apply to recycled materials and to product loops which are in a closed and controlled chain,- the types of packaging which are exempted from the requirement referred to in paragraph 1, third indent.Article 12Information systems 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure thatdatabases on packaging and packaging waste are established, where not already in place, on a harmonized basis in order to contribute to enabling Member States and the Commission to monitor the implementation of the objectives set out in this Directive.2. To this effect, the databases shall provide in particular information on the magnitude, characteristics and evolution of the packaging and packaging waste flows (including information on the toxicity or danger of packaging materials and components used for their manufacture) at the level of individual Member States.3. In order to harmonize the characteristics and presentation of the data produced and to make the data of the Member States compatible, Member States shall provide the Commission with their available data by means of formats which shall be adopted by the Commission one year from the date of entry into force of this Directive on the basis of Annex III, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 21.4. Member States shall take into account the particular problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in providing detailed data.5. The data obtained shall be made available with the national reports referred to in Article 17 and shall be updated in subsequent reports.6. Member States shall require all economic operators involved to provide competent authorities with reliable data on their sector as required in this Article.Article 13Information for users of packaging Member States shall take measures, within two years of the date referred to in Article 22 (1), to ensure that users of packaging, including in particular consumers, obtain the necessary information about:- the return, collection and recovery systems available to them,- their role in contributing to reuse, recovery and recycling of packaging and packaging waste,- the meaning of markings on packaging existing on the market,- the appropriate elements of the management plans for packaging and packaging waste as referred to in Article 14.Article 14Management Plans In pursuance of the objectives and measures referred to in this Directive, Member States shall include in the waste management plans required pursuant to Article 17 of Directive 75/442/EEC, a specific chapter on the management of packaging and packaging waste, including measures taken pursuant to Articles 4 and 5.Article 15Economic instruments Acting on the basis of the relevant provisions of the Treaty, the Council adopts economic instruments to promote the implementation of the objectives set by this Directive. In the absence of such measures, the Member States may, in accordance with the principles governing Community environmental policy, inter alia, the polluter-pays principle, and the obligations arising out of the Treaty, adopt measures to implement those objectives.Article 16Notification 1. Without prejudice to Directive 83/189/EEC, before adopting such measures, Member States shall notify the drafts of measures which they intend to adopt within the framework of this Directive to the Commission, excluding measures of a fiscal nature, but including technical specifications linked to fiscal measures。

CPR法规(欧盟对包装材料指令9462EC进行第四次修订)

94-62-EC欧盟包材指令

94/62/EC介绍指令简称：包装和包装废物Packaging and packaging waste指令名：关于包装和包装废物的1994年12月20日欧洲议会和理事会指令94/62/EC European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste 亿博检测认证机构咨询热线：*************。

欧盟指令94/62/EC 是基于环境与生命安全，能源与资源合理利用的要求，对全部的包装和包装材料、包装的管理、设计、生产、流通、使用和消费等所有环节提出相应的要求和应达到的目标。

技术内容涉及包装与环境、包装与生命安全、包装与能源和资源的利用。

特别应关注的是，基于这些要求和目标，派生出具体的技术措施。

另外，具体的实施还有相关的指令、协调标准及合格评定制度。

指令94/62/EC 已于1997年付诸全面实施，但就其中的包装材料的回收率，欧盟某些成员国持有异议。

比如对饮料瓶的重复使用或一次性使用的环保性、经济性、可行性和安全性的评估等存在分歧。

2004 年2 月11 日欧盟颁布了对94/62/EC 的修正案2004/12/EC，其中规定整体回收率60%，再循环率55%。

另外规定具体的再循环率：玻璃60%、纸和纸板60%、金属50%、塑料25%、木材15%，重金属浓度指标未改变。

2005 年3 月9 日，欧盟再次颁布了94/62/EC 的修正案2005/20/EC，其中增加了一些成员国各自法规生效的具体日期。

指令94/62/EC 第十一款规定的有害重金属含量最大允许极限为100 mg/kg，目的在于保护地下水源和土壤。

实施范围涵盖全部的包装和包装材料。

金属回收冶炼形成的炉渣、玻璃回收熔化形成的废渣、复合材料和某些不易作为资源回收利用的纸和塑料、以能源回收的形式焚烧形成的残渣等最终填埋后，有害物质将通过渗滤对地下水源造成污染。

欧盟94-62-EC(指令)

欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会关于包装物和废弃包装物的94/62/EC指令欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会考虑到建立欧洲经济共同体的条约，特别是该条约的第100a条；考虑到欧洲联盟委员会提交的议案；考虑到经济及社会委员会的意见;按照《欧洲共同体条约》第189b条的程序采取行动;鉴于一方面为了防止包装物和废弃包装物对环境造成任何影响，或减小这种影响，从而提供高环境保护水平，另一方面为了确保内部市场的运行，避免在欧洲共同体内部产生贸易壁垒、不正当竞争使和竞争受到限制,应对各国有关包装物和废弃包装物的管理所采取的不同措施予以协调；鉴于防止产生废弃包装物的最佳手段是减少包装物的总量；鉴于就本指令的目标而言，遵守总的原则，即一个成员国为保护环境而采取的措施不应对其他成员国实现本指令的目标的能力产生不良的影响是重要的;鉴于减少废弃物是《欧洲联盟条约》中明确要求的可持续发展的基础;鉴于本指令应该包括投放市场的所有种类的包装物和所有废弃包装物;鉴于因此欧洲联盟理事会1985年6月27日关于人类消费用液体容器的85/339/EEC指令应予以废除；鉴于包装物具有重要的社会和经济功能,因而实施本指令中规定的措施不应损害对包装物或包装商品的质量和运输产生影响的其他相关立法要求；鉴于根据欧洲联盟理事会1990年5月7日关于废弃物政策的决议和欧洲联盟理事会1975年7月15日关于废弃物的75/422/EEC指令中提出的欧洲共同体废弃物管理方针,包装物和废弃包装物的管理首先应该包括防止产生废弃包装物,以及作为附加的基本原则，还应包括包装物的再使用，废弃包装物的再循环及其他回收形式,并由此而减少这类废弃物的最终处理量；鉴于在回收工艺方面的科学和技术取得进步之前，从环境影响上讲，应将再使用和再循环作为首选；鉴于这就要求各成员国建立各种体系保证对用过的包装物和/或废弃包装物进行回收；鉴于应尽快完成寿命周期评定，以便证明对可再使用、再循环和回收的包装物建立一个明确的等级体系是正确的；鉴于应该通过适当措施来防止产生废弃包装物,包括在各成员国内按照本指令的目标采取的行动；鉴于各成员国可根据《欧洲共同体条约》鼓励建立能以环境安全的方式再使用的包装物再使用系统，以利用这些系统对环境保护做出贡献；鉴于从环境角度考虑,再循环应被视为回收的一个重要组成部分,其目的特别在于减少能量和基本原材料的消耗，以及废料的最终处理量;鉴于能量回收是废弃包装物回收的一个有效手段；鉴于各成员国对废弃包装物回收和再循环所确定的目标应该限制在某些范围内,以便考虑各成员国的不同情况，同时避免产生贸易壁垒和不正当竞争；鉴于为了达到中期目标并且为经营者、消费者和公共机构展现必要的长期前景,应该对实现上述目标规定一个中期期限并对最终阶段要确定的目标规定一个长期期限,从而提升这些目标；鉴于欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会应在欧洲联盟委员会提供的报告基础上对各成员国在努力实现上述目标的工作中获得的实际经验、科研成果和生态平衡这样的评估技术进行考查；鉴于应该允许已经制定了或将要制定超出上述目标范围计划的成员国推行这些目标，以便在这种措施不干扰内部市场和不妨碍其他成员国履行本指令的条件下实现高水平的环境保护;鉴于欧洲联盟委员会应该在进行适当验证之后确认这种措施.鉴于另一方面某些成员国由于其特殊情况,可能被允许采用较低目标，其条件是在标准的期限内应实现最低回收目标,而在晚一些的期限之前实现标准目标；鉴于管理包装物和废弃包装物要求各成员国建立退回、收集和回收体系；鉴于这类体系应该按照《欧洲共同体条约》规定对所有感兴趣的团体开放，让它们参与进来并且用来避免对进口产品实行歧视。

关于包装物和废弃包装物的94 62 EC指令

关于包装物和废弃包装物的94/62/EC指令时间： 2008-08-14 来源：中认网收集本文现已有点击1610次欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会考虑到建立欧洲经济共同体的条约，特别是该条约的第100a条；考虑到欧洲联盟委员会提交的议案；考虑到经济及社会委员会的意见；按照《欧洲共同体条约》第189b条的程序采取行动；鉴于一方面为了防止包装物和废弃包装物对环境造成任何影响，或减小这种影响，从而提供高环境保护水平，另一方面为了确保内部市场的运行，避免在欧洲共同体内部产生贸易壁垒、不正当竞争使和竞争受到限制，应对各国有关包装物和废弃包装物的管理所采取的不同措施予以协调；鉴于防止产生废弃包装物的最佳手段是减少包装物的总量；鉴于就本指令的目标而言，遵守总的原则，即一个成员国为保护环境而采取的措施不应对其他成员国实现本指令的目标的能力产生不良的影响是重要的；鉴于减少废弃物是《欧洲联盟条约》中明确要求的可持续发展的基础；鉴于本指令应该包括投放市场的所有种类的包装物和所有废弃包装物；鉴于因此欧洲联盟理事会1985年6月27日关于人类消费用液体容器的85/339/EEC指令应予以废除；鉴于包装物具有重要的社会和经济功能，因而实施本指令中规定的措施不应损害对包装物或包装商品的质量和运输产生影响的其他相关立法要求；鉴于根据欧洲联盟理事会1990年5月7日关于废弃物政策的决议和欧洲联盟理事会1975年7月15日关于废弃物的75/422/EEC指令中提出的欧洲共同体废弃物管理方针，包装物和废弃包装物的管理首先应该包括防止产生废弃包装物，以及作为附加的基本原则，还应包括包装物的再使用，废弃包装物的再循环及其他回收形式，并由此而减少这类废弃物的最终处理量；鉴于在回收工艺方面的科学和技术取得进步之前，从环境影响上讲，应将再使用和再循环作为首选；鉴于这就要求各成员国建立各种体系保证对用过的包装物和/或废弃包装物进行回收；鉴于应尽快完成寿命周期评定，以便证明对可再使用、再循环和回收的包装物建立一个明确的等级体系是正确的；鉴于应该通过适当措施来防止产生废弃包装物，包括在各成员国内按照本指令的目标采取的行动；鉴于各成员国可根据《欧洲共同体条约》鼓励建立能以环境安全的方式再使用的包装物再使用系统，以利用这些系统对环境保护做出贡献；鉴于从环境角度考虑，再循环应被视为回收的一个重要组成部分，其目的特别在于减少能量和基本原材料的消耗，以及废料的最终处理量；鉴于能量回收是废弃包装物回收的一个有效手段；鉴于各成员国对废弃包装物回收和再循环所确定的目标应该限制在某些范围内，以便考虑各成员国的不同情况，同时避免产生贸易壁垒和不正当竞争；鉴于为了达到中期目标并且为经营者、消费者和公共机构展现必要的长期前景，应该对实现上述目标规定一个中期期限并对最终阶段要确定的目标规定一个长期期限，从而大大提升这些目标；鉴于欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会应在欧洲联盟委员会提供的报告基础上对各成员国在努力实现上述目标的工作中获得的实际经验、科研成果和生态平衡这样的评估技术进行考查；鉴于应该允许已经制定了或将要制定超出上述目标范围计划的成员国推行这些目标，以便在这种措施不干扰内部市场和不妨碍其他成员国履行本指令的条件下实现高水平的环境保护；鉴于欧洲联盟委员会应该在进行适当验证之后确认这种措施。

94 62 EC 关于包装和包装废弃物处理的欧洲议会和理事会指令

94/62/EC 关于包装和包装废弃物处理的欧洲议会和理事会指令European Parliament and Council Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste1994 年12 月20 日欧洲议会和欧盟理事会基于建立欧洲共同体的条约，特别是条款100a；基于欧共体委员会的建议；基于经济与社会委员会的意见；依据条约的1896 条款中制定的程序；鉴于应该协调不同国家关于包装废弃物管理的措施，以便一方面防止或减少它们对环境的影响，从而提高环境保护水平，而另一方面，为在欧共体内保障内部市场的运行，避免妨碍贸易，扭曲和限制竞争；鉴于尊重这样的总原则的重要性，即就本指令的目标而言，一个成员国为保护环境而采取的措施，不应对其他成员国实现指令目标有不利影响；鉴于减少废弃物对欧盟条约所特称的可持续发展是必不可少的；鉴于本指令应包括投放在市场上的所有类型的包装以及所有包装废弃物；所以1985 年6 月27日的85/339/EE 委员会指令“关于消费用液体容器”应该被取代；鉴于包装具有非常重要的社会和经济作用，所以本指令中规定的措施不应损害其它有关法律对包装和被包装货物的质量和运输的规定要求；鉴于要与1990 年5 月7 日的理事会决议“关于废弃物的政策”以及1975 年7 月15 日的理事会指令“关于废弃物”所阐明的欧共体对废弃物管理的对策保持一致，包装和包装废弃物的管理应该包括，首先是防止产生包装废弃物，其次基本原则是包装的重复使用，包装的重复使用，包装废弃物的再生和其它方式的回收利用，从而减少这类废弃物的最终处置；同时，在回收利用方法取得科技进展以前，应该认为再生和重复使用对环境影响而言是较为可取的，这就要求成员国建立起保证回收用过的包装和/或包装废弃物的制度，同时应尽快完成使用寿命的评定方法，以判断可重复用、可再生、可回收利用之间的明晰等级；鉴于要通过适合的方法来防止产生包装废弃物，包括各成员国内按本指令的目标所采取的开创性措施；鉴于成员国为利用重复使用制度有利于环境保护，可以根据条约，在有利于环境意义上，可重复使用包装，对此鼓励制定重复使用制度；鉴于从环境观点而言，应把再生看作回收利用的重要部分，目的在于降低能源和基本原料的消耗，减少废弃物的最终处置；鉴于能源回收利用是包装废弃物回收利用的一种有效方法。

欧盟化学物质限制法规整理

多應用於木業及紡織業，鮮少見於其它電子用途。
安法
1978 年起美國禁用
10
短鏈型氯化石臘
2002/45/EEC 環保標籤藍天使認證禁
(C10-13) 用
塑膠增塑劑、玻璃的阻燃由於 80 年代即開始禁用，
劑、潤滑油及油漆添加劑，因此目前鮮少應用於電子元
工業用阻燃、抗凝劑
件中。
蒙特婁議定書
13
臭氧層破壞物質世界各國臭氧層保護法
冷煤、發泡劑
鮮少應用於電子元件中。
美國 ODS 標籤規定
14
特定胺化合物
76/769/EEC 日本《化審法》、衛安法
油墨、染料
鮮少應用於電子元件中。
紡織品防縮水、抗皺、防水
等處理、人造纖維之阻燃處
15
甲醛
理、
多應用於木材黏合板，紡織
印刷顏料及染料的結合劑及品鮮少應用於電子元件中。
特殊規定瑞典要求 75ppm 以下
加州 65 號文 ELV 廢棄汽車指令 PVC 的禁用
電線外被
Cd Pb Hg Cr6+
1. 歐盟化學品限制指令 76/769/EC
2. ROHS，WEEE<1000PPM
300 100 1000 1000 1000
PVC
針對車用零件
日本產業界針對 PVC 的消减使用，包裝材禁用 PVC 綑綁帶、塑膠袋、及其他 PVC 包裝材質
法規
瑞典、荷蘭、瑞士、德國、
英國等國家法令法規和
管制規定
美國加州 65 號文
鉛及其化合物
, 16CFR1303 WEEE & RoHS, ELV 98/101/EEC 91/157/EEC 93/86/EEC: 歐盟電池法規定

欧盟包装法规简介

界定包装范围
用于如下目的制品：
容装保护产品
便于搬运便于交接
销售包装
介绍、装饰产品
可由任何材料制成
运输包装集合包装
欧盟指令 94/62/CE
包装范围
特殊计量方法：
\医疗仪器和药品的基本包装 \小包装 \精品包装
包装使用的基本原则
预防
\ 包装的无害化、减量化
重复使用循环利用燃烧（能量循环）其他途径
有害物质限制
含量限制
\ 欧盟指令67/548/EC中物质分类为N级 \ 故意添加的物质 \ 超过含量限制（1%）
对物质可能对环境产生的影响进行鉴定
\ 物质焚烧的灰烬、气体 \ 填埋
论证与限制要求的一致性
重金属含量限制
每一个包装或包装成分中，镉、铅、铬、汞的含量之和不能大于质量的100ppm。根据每一要素的鉴定结果计算每一成分的重金属含量。分别对每一成分进行重金属含量测定
包装减量化
保护产品包装生产过程包装与充填自动化物流
\ （运输、倒转、储存）
产品说明与销售
需要考虑的内容
客户的可接受性
满足信息传递的要求
符合安全要求
符合产品包装规则
适合其他标准的要求
减量化的需求与途径
专业的实际经验测试研究其他
修改包装设计调整包装流程新的包装观念简化包装系统优化包装尺寸充分发挥材料特性优化物流结构
改进后
改进前
运输包装包装系统
- 25 % - 264 吨/年 - 264 吨/年
谢谢大家!
邵忱
TEL：
27835463
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13174865141
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欧盟包材指令94

欧盟包材指令94/62/EC 及其他相关法规欧盟指令94/62/EC 及其他相关法规欧盟指令94/62/EC 是基于环境与生命安全，能源与资源合理利用的要求，对全部的包装和包装材料、包装的管理、设计、生产、流通、使用和消费等所有环节提出相应的要求和应达到的目标。

技术内容涉及包装与环境、包装与生命安全、包装与能源和资源的利用。

特别应关注的是，基于这些要求和目标，派生出具体的技术措施。

另外，具体的实施还有相关的指令、协调标准及合格评定制度。

指令94/62/EC 已于1997年付诸全面实施，但就其中的包装材料的回收率，欧盟某些成员国持有异议。

比如对饮料瓶的重复使用或一次性使用的环保性、经济性、可行性和安全性的评估等存在分歧。

2004 年2 月11 日欧盟颁布了对94/62/EC 的修正案2004/12/EC，其中规定整体回收率60%，再循环率55%。

另外规定具体的再循环率：玻璃60%、纸和纸板60%、金属50%、塑料25%、木材15%，重金属浓度指标未改变。

2005 年3 月9 日，欧盟再次颁布了94/62/EC 的修正案2005/20/EC，其中增加了一些成员国各自法规生效的具体日期。

指令94/62/EC 第十一款规定的有害重金属含量最大允许极限为100 mg/kg，目的在于保护地下水源和土壤。

实施范围涵盖全部的包装和包装材料。

需氧或厌氧生物降解处理后得到的堆肥与土壤相关。

特别应注意的是，不要轻言使用的包装材料可降解，欧共体对土壤和土壤改良另有法规，在EN 13432 中引用了相关法规。

指令EN 13432 附录A（规范性附录）给出了包装材料和所有的包装允许的最大元素含量的规定（见表10.1），并且要求受检物质的重量按50%的残存无机矿物质（不可降解的）计量。

2005-20-EC 欧盟包材指令94-62-EC的修正9462EC)简介-9462EC)简介

2005-20-EC 欧盟包材指令94-62-EC的修正欧盟包材指令94-62-EC的修正2005-20-EC欧盟包材指令94-62-EC的修正2005-20-EC94/62/EC(包装指令)已经更新成2005/20/EC,但是化学测试项目和限值没有变改!欧洲议会和理事会指令94/62/EC，包装和包装废弃物处理2005-20-EC99/177/EC 1999-02-08委员会决定1999/177/EC，制定与在关于包装和包装废物的指令94/62/EC中规定的重金属浓度水平相关的塑料板条箱和塑料托板毁损条件(根据文件C(1999)246通报)(内容与EEA相关)99/42/EC 1998-12-22委员会决定1999/42/EC，根据关于包装和包装废物的欧洲议会和理事会指令94/62/EC第6(6)条，批准由奥地利通报的措施(依据文件C(1998)3940通报)(仅德文版有效)(内容与EEA相关) 2005/20/EC 2005-03-09欧洲议会和理事会指令2005/20/EC，修订关于包装和包装废弃物的指令94/62/EC2004/12/EC 2004-02-11欧洲议会和理事会指令2004/12/EC，修订关于包装和包装废弃物指令94/62/EC－理事会、委员会及欧洲议会声明欧盟包装指令(94/62/EC)简介现在的塑料软包装企业使用的油墨和胶水，提供的SGS检测报告，不符合包装材料的检测标准，不是选用的玩具、就是电子电器的检测标准。

适合我们包装的检测标准是：94/62/EC现将收集相关内容转发给一直关心支持本论坛的网友欧盟包装指令(94/62/EC)简介1. 欧盟法规的形式欧盟法规的形式为：规章（Regulations）、指令（Directives）、决定（Decisions）、建议和意见（Recommendations and advice），其中建议和意见没有约束力。

本章介绍的法规主要是指令。

欧盟包装指令9462EC简介

欧盟包装指令(94/62/EC)简介现在的塑料软包装企业使用的油墨和胶水，提供的SGS检测报告，不符合包装材料的检测标准，不是选用的玩具、就是电子电器的检测标准。

本章介绍的法规主要是指令。

指令对所有成员国有约束力。

指令仅要求成员国达到指令所要求的目标，而实施指令的方式和措施由成员国机构各自作出选择。

指令是对成员国发布的。

指令通常是由欧洲议会（THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT）和欧盟理事会（THE COUNCILOF THE EUROPEAN UNION）根据欧共体条约赋予的职责颁布的。

欧盟正在筹划制订宪法，目前欧共体条约相当于欧盟宪法。

2 欧盟指令的内容和特点欧盟指令规定基本要求，是技术性法规。

基本要求（essential requirement）基本要求规定了保护公众利益的基本要素；基本要求是强制性的，只有满足基本要求的产品方可投放市场和交付使用；基本要求主要是指产品在生命、环境和国家安全、消费者利益和能源消耗方面的要求。

仅就主要技术内容而言，欧盟指令相当于我国的强制性国家标准。

所不同的是，欧盟指令涉及税收，规定制造商、供应商、进口商和***作者等的责任，提及消费者的义务等，而我国的强制性国家标准通常不涉及这些内容。

出口欧盟商品的包装，应首先了解欧盟针对包装的指令中的基本要求：WTO 成员国之间有关基本要求的技术文件是互相公开的，我国标准中可对应基本要求的术语为：必达要求（exclusive requirement）；基本要求是市场准入的第一道技术门槛，跨越这道门槛才有资格参与市场竞争。

欧盟包材指令94-62-EC-及其他相关法规(新)

技术内容涉及包装与环境、包装与生命安全、包装与能源和资源的利用。

特别应关注的是，基于这些要求和目标，派生出具体的技术措施。

另外，具体的实施还有相关的指令、协调标准及合格评定制度。

指令94/62/EC 已于1997年付诸全面实施，但就其中的包装材料的回收率，欧盟某些成员国持有异议。

比如对饮料瓶的重复使用或一次性使用的环保性、经济性、可行性和安全性的评估等存在分歧。

2004 年2 月11 日欧盟颁布了对94/62/EC 的修正案2004/12/EC，其中规定整体回收率60%，再循环率55%。

另外规定具体的再循环率：玻璃60%、纸和纸板60%、金属50%、塑料25%、木材15%，重金属浓度指标未改变。

2005 年3 月9 日，欧盟再次颁布了94/62/EC 的修正案2005/20/EC，其中增加了一些成员国各自法规生效的具体日期。

指令94/62/EC 第十一款规定的有害重金属含量最大允许极限为100 mg/kg，目的在于保护地下水源和土壤。

实施范围涵盖全部的包装和包装材料。

需氧或厌氧生物降解处理后得到的堆肥与土壤相关。

特别应注意的是，不要轻言使用的包装材料可降解，欧共体对土壤和土壤改良另有法规，在EN 13432 中引用了相关法规。

指令EN 13432附录A（规范性附录）给出了包装材料和所有的包装允许的最大元素含量的规定（见表10.1），并且要求受检物质的重量按50%的残存无机矿物质（不可降解的）计量。

94-62EC 包装物跟废弃指令文档

欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会关于包装物和废弃包装物的94/62/EC指令1994年12月20日欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会考虑到建立欧洲经济共同体的条约，特别是该条约的第100a条；考虑到欧洲联盟委员会提交的议案；考虑到经济及社会委员会的意见；按照《欧洲共同体条约》第189b条的程序采取行动；鉴于一方面为了防止包装物和废弃包装物对环境造成任何影响，或减小这种影响，从而提供高环境保护水平，另一方面为了确保内部市场的运行，避免在欧洲共同体内部产生贸易壁垒、不正当竞争使和竞争受到限制，应对各国有关包装物和废弃包装物的管理所采取的不同措施予以协调；鉴于防止产生废弃包装物的最佳手段是减少包装物的总量；鉴于就本指令的目标而言，遵守总的原则，即一个成员国为保护环境而采取的措施不应对其他成员国实现本指令的目标的能力产生不良的影响是重要的；鉴于减少废弃物是《欧洲联盟条约》中明确要求的可持续发展的基础；鉴于本指令应该包括投放市场的所有种类的包装物和所有废弃包装物；鉴于因此欧洲联盟理事会1985年6月27日关于人类消费用液体容器的85/339/EEC指令应予以废除；鉴于包装物具有重要的社会和经济功能，因而实施本指令中规定的措施不应损害对包装物或包装商品的质量和运输产生影响的其他相关立法要求；鉴于根据欧洲联盟理事会1990年5月7日关于废弃物政策的决议和欧洲联盟理事会1975年7月15日关于废弃物的75/422/EEC指令中提出的欧洲共同体废弃物管理方针，包装物和废弃包装物的管理首先应该包括防止产生废弃包装物，以及作为附加的基本原则，还应包括包装物的再使用，废弃包装物的再循环及其他回收形式，并由此而减少这类废弃物的最终处理量；鉴于在回收工艺方面的科学和技术取得进步之前，从环境影响上讲，应将再使用和再循环作为首选；鉴于这就要求各成员国建立各种体系保证对用过的包装物和/或废弃包装物进行回收；鉴于应尽快完成寿命周期评定，以便证明对可再使用、再循环和回收的包装物建立一个明确的等级体系是正确的；鉴于应该通过适当措施来防止产生废弃包装物，包括在各成员国内按照本指令的目标采取的行动；鉴于各成员国可根据《欧洲共同体条约》鼓励建立能以环境安全的方式再使用的包装物再使用系统，以利用这些系统对环境保护做出贡献；鉴于从环境角度考虑，再循环应被视为回收的一个重要组成部分，其目的特别在于减少能量和基本原材料的消耗，以及废料的最终处理量；鉴于能量回收是废弃包装物回收的一个有效手段；鉴于各成员国对废弃包装物回收和再循环所确定的目标应该限制在某些范围内，以便考虑各成员国的不同情况，同时避免产生贸易壁垒和不正当竞争；鉴于为了达到中期目标并且为经营者、消费者和公共机构展现必要的长期前景，应该对实现上述目标规定一个中期期限并对最终阶段要确定的目标规定一个长期期限，从而大大提升这些目标；鉴于欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会应在欧洲联盟委员会提供的报告基础上对各成员国在努力实现上述目标的工作中获得的实际经验、科研成果和生态平衡这样的评估技术进行考查；鉴于应该允许已经制定了或将要制定超出上述目标范围计划的成员国推行这些目标，以便在这种措施不干扰内部市场和不妨碍其他成员国履行本指令的条件下实现高水平的环境保护；鉴于欧洲联盟委员会应该在进行适当验证之后确认这种措施。

关于包装物和废弃包装物的94-62-EC(中文版

关于包装物和废弃包装物的94/62/EC指令欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会考虑到建立欧洲经济共同体的条约，特别是该条约的第100a条；考虑到欧洲联盟委员会提交的议案；考虑到经济及社会委员会的意见；按照《欧洲共同体条约》第189b条的程序采取行动；鉴于一方面为了防止包装物和废弃包装物对环境造成仸何影响，或减小这种影响，从而提供高环境保护水平，另一方面为了确保内部市场的运行，避免在欧洲共同体内部产生贸易壁垒、不正当竞争使和竞争受到限制，应对各国有关包装物和废弃包装物的管理所采取的不同措施予以协调；鉴于防止产生废弃包装物的最佳手段是减少包装物的总量；鉴于就本指令的目标而言，遵守总的原则，即一个成员国为保护环境而采取的措施不应对其他成员国实现本指令的目标的能力产生不良的影响是重要的；鉴于减少废弃物是《欧洲联盟条约》中明确要求的可持续发展的基础；鉴于本指令应该包括投放市场的所有种类的包装物和所有废弃包装物；鉴于因此欧洲联盟理事会1985年6月27日关于人类消费用液体容器的85/339/EEC指令应予以废除；鉴于包装物具有重要的社会和经济功能，因而实施本指令中规定的措施不应损害对包装物或包装商品的质量和运输产生影响的其他相关立法要求；鉴于根据欧洲联盟理事会1990年5月7日关于废弃物政策的决议和欧洲联盟理事会1975年7月15日关于废弃物的75/422/EEC指令中提出的欧洲共同体废弃物管理方针，包装物和废弃包装物的管理首先应该包括防止产生废弃包装物，以及作为附加的基本原则，还应包括包装物的再使用，废弃包装物的再循环及其他回收形式，并由此而减少这类废弃物的最终处理量；鉴于在回收工艺方面的科学和技术取得进步之前，从环境影响上讲，应将再使用和再循环作为首选；鉴于这就要求各成员国建立各种体系保证对用过的包装物和 /或废弃包装物进行回收；鉴于应尽快完成寿命周期评定，以便证明对可再使用、再循环和回收的包装物建立一个明确的等级体系是正确的；鉴于应该通过适当措施来防止产生废弃包装物，包括在各成员国内按照本指令的目标采取的行动；鉴于各成员国可根据《欧洲共同体条约》鼓励建立能以环境安全的方式再使用的包装物再使用系统，以利用这些系统对环境保护做出贡献；鉴于从环境角度考虑，再循环应被视为回收的一个重要组成部分，其目的特别在于减少能量和基本原材料的消耗，以及废料的最终处理量；鉴于能量回收是废弃包装物回收的一个有效手段；鉴于各成员国对废弃包装物回收和再循环所确定的目标应该限制在某些范围内，以便考虑各成员国的不同情况，同时避免产生贸易壁垒和不正当竞争；鉴于为了达到中期目标并且为经营者、消费者和公共机构展现必要的长期前景，应该对实现上述目标规定一个中期期限并对最终阶段要确定的目标规定一个长期期限，从而大大提升这些目标；鉴于欧洲议会和欧洲联盟理事会应在欧洲联盟委员会提供的报告基础上对各成员国在努力实现上述目标的工作中获得的实际经验、科研成果和生态平衡这样的评估技术进行考查；鉴于应该允许已经制定了或将要制定超出上述目标范围计划的成员国推行这些目标，以便在这种措施不干扰内部市场和不妨碍其他成员国履行本指令的条件下实现高水平的环境保护；鉴于欧洲联盟委员会应该在进行适当验证之后确认这种措施。

包装和包装废弃物指令 94-62-EC

包装和包装废弃物指令（94/62/EC）第1条目的1.本指令旨在协调各国有关包装物和废弃包装物管理的措施，一方面是为了防止由此对各成员国和第三国环境产生任何影响，或减小这类影响，从而提供高水平环境保护；另一方面是为了确保内部市场的正常运行并且避免在欧洲共同体内产生贸易壁垒、不正当竞争和使竞争受到限制。

2.为此，本指令规定这类措施的首要目的是防止产生废弃包装物，其次作为附加的基本原则，对包装物再使用、再循环和实现其他形式的废弃包装物回收以及由此减少对这类废弃物的最终处理量。

第2条范围1.本指令适用于投放欧洲共同体市场的所有包装物和所有废弃包装物，不管它们是工业、商业、办公室、商店、服务业、家庭或其他场所使用的或废弃的，也不管使用的是什么材料。

2.实施本指令不应损害对包装物现有的质量要求，诸如有关包装产品的安全、健康保护和卫生等要求，或损害现行运输要求，或损害欧洲联盟理事会1991年12月12日关于有害废弃物的91/689/EEC指令要求。

第3条定义1.在本指令中，“包装物”是指由任何性质的任何材料制成的所有产品，它们用来容纳、保护、搬运、交付和提供商品，其范围从原材料到加工成的商品，从生产者到使用者或消费者。

用于相同用途的“不可回收”的物品也应该被视为包装物。

“包装物”只包括：(a) 销售包装物或初次包装物，即被认为是在采购地点构成某个向最终使用者或消费者提供的销售单元的包装物；(b) 组合的包装物或二次包装物，即被认为是在采购地点构成一组一定数量的销售单元的包装物，不管这些销售单元是以这种方式向最终使用者或消费者销售的还是仅仅作为补充销售地点货架的一种方式；从产品上拿掉这类包装物并不影响该产品的特性；(c) 运输包装物或三次包装物，即被认为是为了便于搬运和运输若干销售单元或组合的包装物，以防止在搬运和运输过程中遭到物理损坏的包装物。

运输包装物不包括公路、铁路、海运和空运集装箱。

2.“废弃包装物”是指75/442/EEC指令中对“废弃物”的定义所涉及的任何包装物或包装材料，生产的剩余物不包括在内。

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技术内容涉及包装与环境、包装与生命安全、包装与能源和资源的利用。

特别应关注的是，基于这些要求和目标，派生出具体的技术措施。

另外，具体的实施还有相关的指令、协调标准及合格评定制度。

指令94/62/EC 已于1997年付诸全面实施，但就其中的包装材料的回收率，欧盟某些成员国持有异议。

比如对饮料瓶的重复使用或一次性使用的环保性、经济性、可行性和安全性的评估等存在分歧。

2004 年2 月11 日欧盟颁布了对94/62/EC 的修正案2004/12/EC，其中规定整体回收率60%，再循环率55%。

另外规定具体的再循环率：玻璃60%、纸和纸板60%、金属50%、塑料25%、木材15%，重金属浓度指标未改变。

2005 年3 月9 日，欧盟再次颁布了94/62/EC 的修正案2005/20/EC，其中增加了一些成员国各自法规生效的具体日期。

指令94/62/EC 第十一款规定的有害重金属含量最大允许极限为100 mg/kg，目的在于保护地下水源和土壤。

实施范围涵盖全部的包装和包装材料。

需氧或厌氧生物降解处理后得到的堆肥与土壤相关。

特别应注意的是，不要轻言使用的包装材料可降解，欧共体对土壤和土壤改良另有法规，在EN 13432 中引用了相关法规。

指令EN 13432附录A（规范性附录）给出了包装材料和所有的包装允许的最大元素含量的规定（见表10.1），并且要求受检物质的重量按50%的残存无机矿物质（不可降解的）计量。

表EN 13432 对包装材料和所有的包装允许的最大元素含量指令94/62/EC 主要分两部分内容，即包装和包装废弃物含有害于环境的物质的限制以及降低资源消耗的措施。

以下介绍的两个与指令94/62/EC 有关的法规，可了解该指令的效应，诠释欧洲人特称的“统一的欧洲共同市场”。

特别提醒：指令94/62/EC 第十一款规定的有害重金属含量最大允许极限为100mg/kg，是对每件包装的基本要求，应理解为是底线的或最低的要求，但并非是唯一的要求。

1999/177/EC 关联94/62/EC 指令中规定的重金属含量，对相关的塑料箱和塑料托盘降低要求的委员会决定指令94/62/EC 实施后，针对某些产品的可重复使用和可循环再生的特点，即放宽重金属含量限制，同时采取了相应的技术措施。

在欧盟指令和有关的技术文献中首先倡导重复使用（减少废弃物），其次是可循环再生（资源回收），再次是可回收利用（能源回收）。

塑料包装容器符合以上几个方面的要求。

况且，塑料源于石油、天然气和煤，即使一次性的使用，然后焚烧，作为能源回收也被认为是可接受的。

在欧盟，由于广泛采用大型焚烧炉处理垃圾，致使塑料包装材料的使用呈现增长的趋势。

1999/42/EC 关于依据94/62/EC 第6 条、第6 款的规定，批准奥地利采取有关措施的委员会决定指令94/62/EC 颁布后，奥地利政府依据该指令的第6 条、第6 款的规定，提出了高于指令规定的回收率的通报。

在依据法律程序，征求成员国意见后，欧盟批准了奥地利采取的措施。

全文三千多字值得一读，可从一个侧面了解欧盟市场经济规则。

指令94/62/EC 第6 条、第6 款称：“对于已经或将要制定超过1（a）和（b）节中目标的计划并对再生和回收提供合适能力来达到该效果的成员国，应允许其追求这些有利于提高环境保护水平的目标，条件是这些措施不干扰内部市场并不妨碍其它成员国遵循指令。

成员国应就该情况报告欧共体委员会。

委员会在进行考证后，批准这些措施。

其间委员会要与成员国合作，因为他们对上述考虑是一致的，并且不会形成辨别上的专断和对成员国之间贸易受限制的掩盖。

”76/211/EEC 关于统一各成员国按确定的重量或容量预包装产品的法律的理事会指令。

该指令是比较实用和覆盖面广的技术法规。

按确定的重量或容量，指包装或标签标示的量。

范围在不小于5 g或5 mL，不大于10 kg或10 L之间。

实际的量允许有误差，但有限度。

维护消费者的利益属于基本要求的范畴，由指令直接规定产品的质和量是顺理成章的。

90/496/EEC 和2003/120/EC 关于食品营养标签的理事会指令。

关于食品营养标签的理事会指令和关于90/496/EEC 食品营养标签的修正案，是对营养食品的基本要求。

规范的标签是产品进入欧盟市场的首要条件，关于一般食品标签详见第五章。

92/27/EEC 关于人类用医学产品的标签和包装说明书的理事会指令。

与上述食品标签相同，另有玩具标签属于法规的管辖范围。

与其它产品的标签主要区别在于更严格的规定内容的真实性、精确的量化及可鉴别性、适用范围和规范化的用语。

EC/1935/2004、2002/72/EC 等都是关于与食品接触的包装材料的理事会指令。

在欧盟，与食品接触的包装材料主要受关注的是塑料，其次是纸，玻璃和金属被认为是惰性的（实际上是这方面的技术成熟）。

关于与食品接触的包装材料，欧盟的相关法令很多。

其具体要求，可以参见本书第7 章食品级接触材料的相关内容。

中国和欧盟协调标准关于运输包装件试验方法同样采用了ISO 国际标准，见对照表10.2。

表中国和欧盟协调标准关于运输包装件试验方法对照表美国包装材料法规要求及进展早在 1973 年，美国便公布了MIL - HDBK - 742《军用包装材料废弃处理》标准，以后在90 年代初又制订了《资源保护与回收利用法》，还在《废纸回收标准》中详尽列举了各种纸产品回收标准。

1994 年已有100 多项回收再生法律生效，77 项新议案在审议中。

1988 年美国塑料工业协会（SPI）开发了树脂识别代码。

树脂识别代码提供了一套便于消费后塑料再循环的全国统一系统。

SPI 代码识别塑料包装当中使用的6 种主要树脂：PETE、HDPE、PVC、LDPE、聚丙稀、和聚苯乙烯。

第7 类“其它”，是为了满足法律上所有消费产品都可用树脂识别的要求。

1993 年由36 个州立法通过了塑料回收标准。

截止1995 年1 月，有39 个州颁布了对16 盎司（含）以上的瓶和8 盎司（含）以上的硬质容器使用树脂识别代码的法律。

而针对食品级包装材料，美国FDA（食品药品管理局）专门立法对其管控，其具体要求，可以参见本书第7 章食品级接触材料的相关内容。

美国法律体系的运行，是由联邦政府制定总政策，各个州政府制定实施条例。

例如针对包装材料，各州都在环保标章、包装及回收各自有制订相关法规，特别是规定包装中有关重金属的含量、塑料部份的标示、限制最低含量等，其中最值得关注的是我们俗称的CONEG。

美国东北州首长联合会（Coalition of Northeastern Governors，CONEG）是于1976 年由美国东北部8 个州的行政长官成立的无党派地方组织。

CONEG 的资源节省委员会最早于1989 年为了减少包装及包装材料中的重金属含量而制定了一个地方性法规《CONEG （削减）包装中的有毒物质含量》法律范本（俗称CONEG 包装测试）。

1992 年，TPCH 组织成立（Toxics in Packaging Clearinghouse），以推动这个法规模型的实施。

该法规限定包装中铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、六价铬[Cr(VI)]四种重金属，具体限量为Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr(VI)总和不超过100 mg/kg。

此法规开始是在CONEG 所属的8 个州施行，至2004 年7 月已成功被19 个州所采纳，包括California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia,Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire,New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin。

虽然它现在仍然还是一个地方性法规，但它在美国却具有广泛的影响力，其它各州甚至美国国会也在考虑这项立法，输美产品的包装物大多被要求符合该法规的要求。

中国包装材料法规要求及进展20 世纪90 年代，由于塑料袋和发泡塑料制作的一次性快餐盒在我国大量使用,造成破坏景观、污染环境、危害人体健康的所谓“白色污染”问题，已经成为老百姓、人大和政协代表、地方与中央领导以及各类媒体关注的热点新闻。

环保等部门曾多次下达过指令，但收效有限。

保健品和月饼等的过度或欺骗性包装问题也受到各方关注,急待立法解决。

所以，我国参考ISO 14000 和德国、欧盟的有关法令或指令,根据《中华人民共和国固体废弃物污染环境防治法》，于1996 年制定了国家标准GB/T 16716-1996《包装废弃物的处理与利用通则》。

该通则给出了包装废弃物及可回收包装，可再生包装的定义；按包装废弃物的材质和处理方法，将包装废弃物分为可回收包装和不可回收包装两类；并提出了一些原则上的基本要求和方法等。

例如，该通则规定：“限制包装材料成分中的重金属含量”，“限制卤素及其他有害物质”，“限制使用由氯进行加工处理的包装材料”。

但由于缺乏细则，导致该通则无法贯彻实施。

同年，GB/T 16288-1996《塑料包装制品回收标志》出台。

该标准等效采用了德国标准DIN6120-1992《包装材料和包装物的回收利用标志：塑料包装材料和包装物的附加标号》。

将塑料按组成分为7 类，分别用1-7 的号码代表，规定了塑料包装制品回收的标志及其表示的方法。

由于该国家标准是等同采用了国际标准制定的，则执行了国家标准就等于“接受或承认了”相关国际标准。

尤其值得一提的是，该标准适用范围更广泛，除了塑料包装材料，也适用于其他塑料制品。

此外，该标准的内容也更全面，增加了塑料包装制品回收标志的制作、颜色、设置的数量及具体位置的规定。

2001 年，强制性的国家标准GB18455-2001《包装回收标识》出台，并通过引用而成为《标识标准》的一部分，解决了《标识标准》关于包装物名称标识的问题。

该标准引用了GB/T 16716-1996《包装废弃物的处理与利用通则》中的各项定义，对于包括塑料，纸张，木材等在内的各种可回收复用及可再生利用的包装标志种类、名称、尺寸、颜色都等作了明确的规定，大大增强了实际可操作性。