主谓一致性十二个要点

主谓一致性十二个要点
1, 两个作主语用的名词或代词由either … or, neither… nor, not only… but, not… but, or等连接时，谓语动词应按后一个主语的人称和数而定，例如：
Either he or I am to go to the laboratory.
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about this matter.
Not only air, but natural gas consists of some substances.
On most American farms, one or two principal products are raised for a cash crop.
2, 主语是单数，而后面跟as well as, as much as, no less than, with, together with, along with, rather than, more than, in addition to, like, unlike, but, except, besides, including, accompanied by, among, coupled with，not等短语时，谓语动词与离它最远的动词保持一致。

谓语动词用单数或复数取决于离它最远的主语是单数还是复数。

例如：
Air as well as water is matter.
She as well as the other students has learned how to install a computer.
Our chemical works, with some few factories, was built in 1989.
A professor, together with some students , was moved into a new laboratory.
Nobody but the students is in the classroom.
Fuel like oil and coal gives out much heat.
You, not I , are to blame.
Tom, more than anybody else, is anxious to go there again.
You no less than she are very glad at the news.你和她听到这个消息都跟高兴。

John as much as his brothers was unsuitable for the job. 约翰和他的兄弟同样不适合干这工作。

3, 作主语用的集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语可用单数，若就其中各个成员来考虑，则谓语可用复数。

例如：
The committee was made up of ten members.
The committee were holding talks in the room.
The majority of our class is (or are) going to the plant.
4, 表示数目字、时间、钱额的名词复数作主语时，谓语仍用单数：
Two hours is enough for us to perform this experiment.
Twice three makes (或equals, is equal to) six.
Two yuan is too cheap for this book.
5, 不可数名词前有“表示复数含义的词+量词+of ”修饰时，其谓语常用复数形式：
There are many kinds of water in nature. ( 这里显然指雨水、井水、河水、海水、地下水等而言，若用there is much water，则指水的数量多，而不是指种类多)
Two million square meters of housing were constructed in Tianjin in 1980.
注：表示重量、长度等单位的名词，尽管用复数形式，由于可以作整体来看待，所以谓语也可用单数形式：
Five pounds of sugar is more than I need.
Two kilometers is not a long distance.
6, 虽用and 连接两个主语，但指的是同一人、物或同一概念时，谓语仍用单数形式：
A stateman and poet was present at the meeting.
Bread and butter is a healthy food.
The wheel and axle is a potating lever.
When the block and tackle was used, a force of 250 grams lifted a 1000 gram weight.
7, 用“every, each, no, 或many a (或a great deal of) + 单数名词”作主语时，或者并列主语前由一个each, every, many a等修饰时，谓语用单数，而用“a great many (或a great number of 等) + 复数名词”时，谓语则用复数。

例如：
Every man and woman attends the meeting.
Many a student and teacher is having practice in this plant.
A great deal of our time was spent on this test.
No sulfur and no phosphorus is present in this product.
There are a great many (或a large number of ) compounds in nature.
Every change of sonsons, every change of weather makes some change in the wonderful colors and shapes of these mountains.
Each proton and each neutron has almost the same mass as any other proton or neutron.
8, 有些名词只有复数形式，可根据谓语单复数来判别其主语所表示的事物的实际单复数：The glass works was set up in 1958.
The glass works are near the station.
9, none作主语时，谓语可用单数可用复数：
None knows (或know) a great deal about this new theory.
None has (或have) been found.
10, “there be + 并列主语”和“here be + 并列主语”结构中的谓语动词，也可随并列主语中的第一个主语的单数形式来变。

当然更可用复数形式。

There is a pen and a book on the desk. (当然可用there are代之)
At that time there was only a teacher and a student in the room. (当然更可用there are代之) Here is a letter and a book for you. (也可用are代替is)
11, 根据实际情况采用相应的谓语单复数形式：
There are 30 students in your class. Part of you are studying Japanese while the rest ( the remainder) are working at other foreign languages.
Sure enough, the majority of teachers were caught in the rain and became wet through and through.
A great variety of products were made by our factory last year.
The number of books in the reading-room is not very great.
12, 注意when, if 等的省略句中省略的主语有时不是主句中的主语。

According to the molecular theory the speed of the molecules is increased when ( the molecules are ) heated.
The color of the copper oxide changes if (the copper oxide is ) heated in hydrogen.
This became apparent when ( we were ) studying Fig.2.
Wood gives much smoke while ( wood is) burning.。