1.This,These,That,Those作代词的用法

1．This，These，That，Those作代词的用法

180 “What is this（指近处的东西）？”“It's an apple．”（在回答时不要再重复this）

“What is that（指远处的东西）？”“It（不要说That）is a pear．”（对比）

“What are these（this的复数形式）？”“They（不要说These） are horses．

“What are those（that的复数形式）？”“They are donkeys．”

“What is this，and what is that？”“This is an apple and that is a pear．”（对比）

181 A beggar came，and he（不能说this或that）asked for money．

（除了下面情况外从不用this或that代表人）

This is Mr．Tanaka．This is Mr．Sasaki．（介绍见面）

Hello，is that Jane？（英国说法）Hello，is this Jane？（美国说法）（电话用语）

Stop crying and that（or there）is a good boy！

Those who（为he who或one who的复数形式）come are my friends．

Those（=The people）there（or coming here）are Jews．

（He is）Handsome boy，that！（为了强调而重复）

182 This和that可以指具体的东西：He gave me one dollar，and this（more emphatic than it）was all he had．

183 This和that也可表示抽象的东西：

He talked of freedom，justice and all that．

也可指品质：

I like a man（or men）like this（or that），such a man（or men）as this（or that）．

184 还可和某些介词连用，有特定的意思：

At this（=Seeing or hearing this），he became angry．With this（=So saying），he left．

Upon this（＝And then），he shook his head．

After this（=After this incident，this time），he became more careful．

Since that（=Since that time），I have never met any friend．185 偶有下面用法：

Get out of this（=this place）．（少见）

He must have arrived by this（=this time）．（少见）186 也可表示某些事物：

He knows this，that and the other（matter）．

Some believe in this，some believe in that．

I don't say anything against Mr．this or Mrs．That．These came for paper，those for pens，others for ink．187 也可指前面刚提到的东西：

He has good intention，but that（指前句表示的内容）is not e－ nough．

I will learn music，I know this（=learning music）is not easy．188有时和and连用：

You must do it，and that（=and you must do it）immediately（or at once）．

He decides to be a doctor and that（＝and he decides to be a doctor）after he gets married．

He has many good dogs and these（＝and he has）very small ones．

He is a doctor and a well－known one at that（而且又是一个有名的医生）．

He has a car，and a very large car at that．

He knows nothing except music，and very little at that．

People were killed and thousands of them at that．

189 That可以代表前面所提的东西，而this代表即将谈的

东西：

To be or not to be，that is a question．（that指to be or not tobe．）

“You can depend on me．”That was what he said．

This is a question：to go or to stay？（this指to go or to stay）

What I can say is this：You can depend on me．

Coffee，cigars and liquor：these are my friends．

190 在某些词组中，that比this用得多：

That is because you don't know yourself．

That is why you failed．That is how I made it．So（or And）that's that．

That's all．That will do．）That's a good boy．What of that？

That is（to say）．For all that．And that．And all that．

191 That和those还有下面这些特殊用法：

He has that（=He has something）in his character which puz－zles me．（书面语）

There was that（=There was something）in his way of speak－ing．

He saw that（=something）in her face which made him afraid．

There is that（=There is someone）who knows the secret．（少见）

There were those（＝people）who said“no”．（这样用时较多）

He knew those who were opposed to him．

192 This有时用来表示“后者”，that表示“前者”：

The gun is more important than the pen．This（=The latter，The pen）cannot do without that（＝the former，the gun）．

English and Chinese are our school subjects．This seems harder than that．

We study English，Chinese，geography，history and mathemat- ics．This last（=or This latter）is the hardest．

193 That和those若跟有介词短语，可用来代表前面提的东西，以避免重复，等于“the+前面那个名词”：

The novel by Dickens is better than that（=the novel）by Wells．（that代表“the+noun”）

The novels by Dickens are better than those by Wells．

The door of his house is like that of a church．

The ears of a reabit are longer than those of a cat．

This house is larger than that of my younger brother．

The greatest tragedy is that（=the tragedy）of a miser．

John's name is below those of Mary and James．

That和those后面有时跟有一个作定语的分词短语或从句：

This house is larger than that（=the one在口语中用得更多一些）standing on the other side，located on the corner．（that+分词）

This road is the same as those（用the ones更好）leading to the Capital．

This house is better than that（用the one更好）I saw yester－day．（That+从句）

194 That有时用来代表前面提到的动作：

“Did he learn music？”“Yes，he did sometimes，or Yes，hedid that sometimes．”（that代表learn music）

“Will his mother punish him？”“She won't．”or“That she won't．”（that代替punish him）

“He will punish them．”“That he will（=So he will＝He will）．”

He has eaten it，that he has．

195 That 有时用来代替前面的补语，比go更为确定：

He is my friend，that

（＝my friend）he is．

Dishonest？Yes，he is that（＝dishonest）．

He is a fool．He looks that．I find him that，and everybody calls him that．

John is selfish，cunning and cruel，but his brother is not all that．You know he cannot be that．

2．This，These，That，Those作形容词的用法

196 这几个指示词都可用作形容词，修饰后面的名词：

These four pretty gold rings are hers．（this，these，that，those通常放在其他形容词前面）

This Shakespeare's last work is called‘The Tempest’．

That fiftieth year of service was truly long．

197 有时和very连用，表示强调：

You shall be punished this very hour．（比this hour更强调）

That very accident cost him his life．

This very house is what I have been looking for．

They were ready to kill him，but he decided to see those very people．

198 有时和there，here一起用，there，here要放在名词后面：

Do you see that man there（不要说that there man）．

This lady here（不要说this here lady）is pretty．

199 This和that可以同时用，中间用and或or连接，表示随随便便，东一下，西一下：

Don't run this way and that way．（不要瞎跑。）

He falls in love with this girl and that．（一会儿爱上这个，一会儿爱上那个）

He falls in love with this or that girl．

The child broke this thing or that．（一会儿打破这，一会儿打破那）

This，that，or the other（or anothe）（=Some or other） reader will agree with the author of this book．（总有读者赞同）

有时表示对比（有的……有的）：

Many guests came：this one alone，that one with his wife，and another one with three or four friends．

200 有时表示数量：

He needs a million dollars to do it，but half this money（=halfa million dollars）is enough for me．

Some rooms have sixty students in them；others have half that number（=thirty）．

It is three feet，but twice this length（=six feet）would be bet－ter．

201 有时表示“我（们）的”：

This（=My，Our）city has eight high schools in it．（本市）

This country has to import a lot of rice．（本国）

These eyes have seen it．

Reply as soon as you receive this letter．

The principal of this school is sixty years old．

202有时表示某种情绪：

Forget that matter．（鄙视）

Look at that son of yours．（兴趣）

Don't mention those days again．（遗憾）

O those eyes！O that silvery voice！（赞美）

Who is this Lilian Wang？（看不起）

I am sick of these artists．（鄙视）

203 用在时间词组中，表示特定的意义：

Be gone this minute（=at once）．

He has won for this once（=at least on this occasion）．

They must have arrived by this time．

You shouldn't say such foolish things at these（late）years（or a

t your great age）．

204 可以和month一起用：

I am（or was）busy this month（or these months），in the pre－sent month（or in the present months），in the month（or inthe months）．

I was（or shall be）busy that month（or those months）．

205 可以和hour和day连用：

We have been miserable to this hour（or day，year），and from this hour（forward）we shall be happy．

I shall see you one of these days．

206 可以和week，day等词连用，表示“……以后（前）的……”：I left Hong Kong this day week（or month，year）（=this daylast week，etc．）（英国用法）

I shall leave Hong Kong this day week（or month，year）（= this day next week，etc．）（英国用法）

I saw her this time twelve－month（or three years）．

I shall see her this day next month．

207 注意下面两个句子的差别：

I did not see him this morning（or this spring）．（说话时已不是早晨或春天）

I have not seen him this morning（or this spring）．（说话时仍是早晨或春天）

208 注意下面句子中this，these的用法：

I haven't seen her（for）this long time．（好久没见到她）

I haven't seen her this half year．（半年没见到她了）

I haven't seen her（for）this five months．（有5个月没见到她了）

I haven't seen her these five months past（or back，since）．

I shan't see her this half year．（会有半年见不到她了）

I shan't see her these five months．（会有5个月见不到她了）

I shan't see her（for）these five months to come．

但下面的说法更普遍一些：

I haven't seen her for the last two days．

I shan't see her for the next five months．

209 下面句子也值得注意：

I have read it this week（or month，year）．（这周，这个月，今年读过，时间未完但已读完。）

I shall read it this week（or month，year）．（时间已开始，但未读）

I am reading it this week（给个礼拜读它）

210 This和that可以和much连用，表示“这么多而已”，“那么多而已”：

I know（or want，will say，admit，have）this much（or that much）（只知，只要…这一些而已）

That much I know．

This much is true．

He is right in that much．

This much（=that he…years）is certain that he has lived inIndia five years．

211 下面句子是不规范的，虽然有人这样说：

Them（＝Those）boys won't agree．

One of them（＝those）houses is on fire．

3．This，That可用作副词，修饰形容词等。

212 My boy is not this（＝so）tall．

It is about this large．

I have never been this sick．

He cannot earn that（＝so）much．

Is he all that silly？

How could he finish it that fast？

Do you think that（=so）？