儿科英文名解

儿科英文名解1．Classification of Neonate（新生儿分类）1)Full term infant（足月儿）:Neonate whose gestational age(GA) is between 37 weeks and42 weeks2)Preterm infant(早产儿):Neonate whose GA is less than 37 weeks3)Post-term infant（过期儿）:Neonate whose GA is more than 42 weeks4)Low birth weight neonate(LBW)（低出生体重儿）:Neonate whose BW is less than 2500g5)Very low birth weight neonate(VLBW)（极低出生体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is lessthan 1500g6)Normal birth weight neonate（正常体重儿）: Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and4000g7)Macrosomia neonate（巨大儿）: Neonate whose BW is over 4000g8)Small for gestational age(SGA)（小于胎龄儿）:Infants whose BW are under P10 of thesame GA infants’BW9)Appropriate gestational age(AGA)（适于体重儿）: Infants whose BW are ranging fromP10 to P90 of the same GA infants’BW10)Large gestational age(LGA)（大于胎龄儿）: Infants whose BW are above P90 of the sameGA infants’BW11)Early newbore（早期新生儿）:Neoborn less than 1 week12)Late newbore（晚期新生儿）:Neoborn aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks2.Neutral temperature（中性温度）:An appropriate environmental temperaturewhich can keep a neoborn’s normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least metabolism rate ,the least energy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature .3. Apnea（呼吸暂停）: when asphyxia of fetal or neoborn occurs, the respirate inhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea.4. Physiological body weight decline（生理性体重下降）: Intatedeficiency, fatal stool paused and water losed after birth can make physical body weight decline (3%--9%), and it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10 days .5. Physiological anemia（生理性贫血）: When neonate of 2—3 months, RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover .6. Physiological diarrhea（生理性腹泻）: Physiological diarrhea usuallyoccurs in infants little than 6 months .They appear puffy and often have eczema .Soon after delivery , they may have diarrhea, whose times are increasing .However, there is no other symptoms and the infants have good appetites. Physical diarrhea does not affect the growth. Recent researches found that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool may recover normality after appending the complements.7. Project Immunity（计划免疫）: According to characteristics of children’simmunity and the conditions of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity programs, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases.8.Serious Pneumonia（重症肺炎）:Serious Pneumonia is a kind of pneumonia.Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile,the general toxic symptom is also apparent.9.The Division of Respiratory tract（上下呼吸道分界）: Therespiratory tract is divided into 2 parts,the upper respiratory and the lower respiratory, by the ring-formed gristle.10.Discrepant Cyanosis（差异性紫绀）: Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA.Because of PDA, the blood moves from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. If this abnormality lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of the body.11.Colostrum（初乳）: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam which containsantibodies (immunoglobulins) which provide crias with immunity (passive immunity). There is no transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing their own antibodies. They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of life. This makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A cria who does not receive enough.12. Eisenmenger syndrome（Eisenmenger 综合征）: Eisenmengersyndrome occurs in patients with large congenital cardiac or surgically created extracardiac left-to-right shunts. These shunts initially cause increased pulmonary blood flow. Subsequently, usually before puberty, pulmonary vascular disease causes pulmonary hypertension, ultimately resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis.13.Additional nursing（补授法）: When the breast milk is not enough, the babywithin 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time.14.Substitutional nursing（代授法）: When the breast milk is enough but themother can’t feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed with other nutritions like milk for some times.15.Malnutrition（营养不良）: It is a disease caused by lacking of energy andprotein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing, edema and functional disorders.16. Obesity（肥胖症）: Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fator adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.17. Koplik spots（麻疹黏膜斑）: ulcerations on buccal mucosa around Stensenduct; spotty enanthema in oral cavity, may precede rash18. Harrison's groove（郝氏沟）: The distal end of the ribs are weak and may bedepressed by the negativeintrathoracic pressure developed during respiration with a resultant semicoronal impression being found at the costal attachment of the diaphragm, leading to the formation of Harrison's groove.19. Rachitic rosary（佝偻病串珠）: a radiographic appearance of thecostochondral junctions of the middle ribs in rickets. This appearance results from the presence of bulky growth plates at the bone or cartilage junctions.20. Chvostek's sign（Chvostek's 征）: Chvostek's sign is contraction of themuscles of the eye, mouth or nose, elicited by tapping along the course of the facial nerve. The examiner taps gently over the facial nerve in front of the ear. This is a sign of a latent tetany.21. Trousseau sign（Trousseau 征）: It is carpal spasm after 5 minutes ofinflation of a pressure cuff between the patient’s systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.This measure assesses nerve irritability and is more specific for tetany of vitamin D deficiency.22.Severe asthma（重症哮喘）including acute serious asthma attack , lastingstatus of asthma and deterioration of intractable asthma.23. Persistant asthma（哮喘持续状态）: It is a condition of severe acuteattack of asthma which can not be released by proper drug in 24 hours.24. Tuberculous infection（结核感染）: It is an infection of tubercle bacillus.In this condition, the patient’s test of tuberculin and the test of serum PPD-IgM or IgG antibody are positive. But the tubercle focus can not be found in patient’s body.25. Endogenous infection（内源性感染）: When the patient eat too much orthe components of the food are not balanced ,the process of the digestion will be slowed down. And the food which can not be fully digested will stay in the upper part of the small intestine. Then the PH of the intestinal carvity will decreased. It leads to a result that the bacteria from the lower part of the intestine will move up and multip;y . The food then will be ferment and rot by those bacteria.26 Aschoff body（风湿小体）:It is aone of the tiny lumps in heart muscle that aretypical of rheumatic heart disease and consist of swollen collagen ,cells and fibrils.27 Primary complex:（原发综合征）It is a combination of primary focus ofinfection in the lung parenchyma and caseous involvement of the regional lymph nodes ,usually hilar nodes.has to push the bed behind himself with whose hands to keep his position.37.Physiological jaundice（生理性黄疸）: Because of the featureof neonatal bilirubin metabolism ,approximately 50%-60% mature baby and more than 80% premature baby will emerge jaundice within 2 or 3 days after birth and reach the peak at the fourth or the fifty day . If the body is in good heath, jaundice will vanish within 2 weeks in mature baby and prolong to 3 or 4 weeks in premature baby.38.Pathological jaundice（病理性黄疸）:1) The jaundice emerges during the 1st 24hours on the new born.2) The bilirubin in the serum is higher than from 205.2 to 256.5 umol/L or raise 85 umol/L per day.3) The jaundice of term delivery lasts more than 2 weeks. The jaundice of premature lasts more than 4 weeks.4) The jaundice relapses.5) The conjunctive bilirubin is more than 24 umol/L.39.Pharyngo-conjunctival fever（咽结合膜热）: It’s adisease which is caused by virus and is on epidemic in spring and summer, with the feature of fever, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis. High fever, pharynache, tingle in eyes and pharyngeal congestion. Conjunctivitis emerged in one or two sides and lymph nodes of cervix and behind the ear are common and sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms . Its process is one to two weeks .40 Herpangina（疱疹性咽峡炎）: It is caused by Coxackie group Avirus and often seen in summer and spring. It can spread in children collective organization. It is characterized by fever, pharyngitis, tingling in eyes, pharyngeal congestion ,herpes with flush around about 2 to 4 mm in diameter can be found on pharyngepalatal arch uvula , soft palate ,ulceration formed after splitting ,the course is about 1 weeks .。