GMAT--Issue例子集

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gmat awa模板

首先是issue的基础模板。

跟前人主要不同是，第二段我采用先立观点。

最后再上模板！！The issue at hand , …, is very controversial. To some extents, I agree with the speaker’s assertion that……….. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to an irreversible extreme, while overlooks other possible factors that may affect the issue. My point of agreement and contention with the author involves the basic and deep discussion as follow.In the first place, the most important reason supporting the author’s opinion is that……..For example……….. Furthermore…………Therefore, it is sagacious to admit that this assertion, although suffers from some obvious drawbacks, has some merits primarily because the implicit rationale behind the author’s assertion accords with common sense and our everyday experience. Hence, it is partially indisputable.In the second place, recognizing that a more appropriate choice must incorporate different aspects of the issue as sufficient as possible, I have to point out that, this assertion amounts to an overstatement while fails to take into account other essential factors that may affect the issue. The mos t compelling argument I find is that. Besides.Coincidentally, an investigation has been conducted by the …（这里如果issue是跟社会有关就写政府，跟经济有关就写经济机构等等，体会一下。

GMAT写作-Issue优秀作文

GMAT写作:Issue优秀作文GMAT写作:Issue优秀作文The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it。

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading。

I agree that the best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then give them advice about how to attain it. It means that we must understand the person first then give our opinions to him just as reference。

First, you must find out what the persons real thought and intention; otherwise, you may give wrong advice or the advice which is nonsense to the person. For example, before I immigrate to Canada I promised to lend my apartment to one of my friends in my home country because he was so poor that he did not have his own apartment yet. But before I left my country, the friend kept telling me that his wife did not like to live in other persons apartment. I misunderstood his idea and gave him the advice: You could borrow loan from bank and buy your own apartment then your wife will live in her own apartment. And I rent the apartment to a tenant other than lent the apartment to the friend. Now, we are not friend any more. He was angry with me. Why? My other friend told me this previous fiends real intention, when he said that his wife did not like to live in other persons apartment, was to buy my apartment in a discount。

GMAT ISSUE 写作官方题库

GMAT ISSUE 写作官方题库第一类：环境保护与能源保护002 "It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. Intemational leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential ifwe expect to protect the world's energy resources for future generations."013 "Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to govemment."041 "The best way to preserve the natural environment is to impose penalties- whether fines, imprisonment, or other punishments-on those who are most responsible for polluting or otherwise damaging it."042 "Scientists are continually redefining the standards for what is beneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting, companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to eachnewrecommendation until those recommendations become govemment regulations."047 "The primary responsibility for preventing environmental damage belongs to government, not to individuals or private industry."091"Govemment should establish regulations to reduce or eliminate any suspected health hazards in the environment, even when the scientific studies of these health hazards are incomplete or contradictory."141 " Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality oflife for everyone. "第二类：建筑、历史建筑以及考古016 "Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today's new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values oftoday's society."078 "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of anysociety's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modem planners feel could be better used for modem purposes."In your opinion, which is more important-preserving historic buildings or encouraging modern development? Explain your position, using reasons and examples based on your own experiences, observations, or reading.083 "We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shape us."105 "All archaeological treasures should remain in the country in which they wereoriginally discovered. These works should not be exported, even if museums in other parts ofthe world are better able to preserve and display them."137 "Some people claim that in order to protect national parks and historical sites,public access to them should be greatly restricted. Others argue that there should be few restrictions, if any, because such places were intended for everyone to use.第三类：大众传媒、信息、娱乐001 "In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored foroffensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship."In your view, to what extent should govemment or any other group be able to censor television or radio programs? Explain, giving relevant reasons and/or examples to support your position. 015 "Nations should cooperate to develop regulations that limit children's access to adultmaterial on the Intemet."**The Intemet is a worldwide computer network.028 "Because businesses use high-quality advertising to sell low-quality products,schools should give students extensive training in how to make informed decisions before making purchases."032 "You can tell the ideas ofa nation by its advertisements."044 "All companies should invest heavily in advertising because high-quality advertising can sell almost any product or service."054 "Popular entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests. Superficiality, obscenity, and violence characterize films and television today because those qualities are commercially successful."085 "Advertising is the most influential and therefore the most important artisticachievement ofthe twentieth century.086 "Whether promoting a product, an event, or a person, an advertising campaign is most effective when it appeals to emotion rather than to reason."107 "People are overwhelmed by the increasing amount of information available on the computer. Therefore, the immediate goal of the information technology industry should be to help people leam how to obtain the information they need efficiently and wisely.134 "Although many people object to advertisements and solicitations that intrude into their lives through such means as the telephone, the Intemet, and television, companies and organizations must have the right to contact potential customers and donors whenever and however they wish."138 "Some people claim that the growth of mass media has stifled intellectual curiosity. Others, however, argue that the availability of so much information and entertainment has encouraged individuals to expand their intellect and creativity."145 "The increasing popularity of video games and the Intemet suggests that consumers now want a more interactive entertainment experience than books, movies, and television can provide. " 148 "Despite the violence and stereotypes present in many popular forms of entertainment created for children (such as books, movies, and video games),we should still allow children to experience this kind ofentertainment."149 "Portrayals of violence have proven commercially successful in television programs, movies, songs, and other forms of popular entertainment. Therefore，those who create popular entertainment should continue to incorporate violence into their products. "第四类：成功006 "There is only one definition of success-to be able to spend your life in your own way. 011 "When someone achieves greatness in any field-such as the arts, science, politics, or business-that person's achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults." 012 "Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life."029 "Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results." What do you think this piece of advice means, and do you think that it is, on the whole, worth following? Support your views with reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.039 "It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects ofa fulfilling personallife."049 "Ask most older people to identify the key to success, and they are likely to reply 'hard work.' Yet, I would tell people starting offin a career that work in itselfis not the key. In fact, you have to approach work cautiously-too much or too little can be self-defeating." 052 "Successful individuals typically set their next goal somewhat-but not too much-above their last achievement. In this way, they steadily raise their level ofaspiration."081 "No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or 'get rich' in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways ofthinking."094 "Ifparents want to prepare their children to succeed in life, teaching the children self-discipline is more important than teaching them self-esteem."102 "An advanced degree may help someone get a particular job. Once a person begins working, however, the advanced degree and the formal education it represents are rarely relevant to success on the job."第五类：教育023 "Schools should be responsible only for teaching academic skills and not for teaching ethical and social values."037 "Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modem society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities."062 "What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth." What do you think of the view of education expressed above? Explain, using reasons and/or specific examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.098 "In order to accommodate the increasing number of undergraduate students, colleges and universities should offer most courses through distance leaming, such as videotaped instruction that can be accessed through the Intemet or cable television. Requiring students to appear at a designated time and place is nolonger an effective or efficient way ofteaching most undergraduate courses."099 "If a nation is to ensure its own economic success, it must maintain a highly competitive educational system in which students compete among themselves and against students from other countries."122 "Schools should not teach specialized information and techniques, which might soon become outdated. Instead, schools should encourage a more general approach to leaming."125 "Formal education should not come to an end when people graduate from college. Instead, people should frequently enroll in courses throughout their lives."135 "In business courses, professors should teach only factualinformation and skills, not ethics."139 "Some experts maintain that students leam best in a highly structured environment, one that emphasizes discipline, punctuality, and routine. Others insist that educators, if they are to help students maximize their potential, ought to maintain an atmosphere ofrelative freedom and spontaneity."Explain your position on the issue of structure versus freedom in an ideal leaming environment. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience,observations, or reading.第六类：科技020 "In this age of automation, many people complain that humans are becoming subservient to machines. But, in fact, machines are continually improving our lives."087 "As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to govemment or to business."111 "Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality oflife in most societies has never been better than at the present time."114 "Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together."第七类：历史043 "The most important reason for studying history is not that knowledge of history can make us better people or a better society but that it can provide clues to solving the societal problems that we face today."089 "The study of history is largely a waste of time because it prevents us from focusing on the challenges ofthe present."第八类：建议、忠告007 "The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it."055 "Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will surprise you with their ingenuity."073 "People often give the following advice: "Be yourself Follow your instincts and behave in a way that feels natural."Do you think that, in general, this is good advice? Why or why not? Develop your point of view by giving reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第九类：社会问题059 "Juvenile crime is a senous social problem, and businesses must become more involved in helping to prevent it."101 "The automobile has caused more problems than it has solved. Most societies would probably be much better off ifthe automobile had never been invented."126 "Laws pertaining to relatively minor crimes must be vigorously enforced if a society hopes to stop more serious crimes."140 "The primary responsibility of citizens is to obey their nation's civil and criminal laws. "142 "Lying should be avoided primarily because it harms people's ability to live together in society. "第十类：社会、国家096 "In order to understand a society, we must examine the contents ofits museums and the subjects ofits memorials. What a society chooses to preserve, display, and commemorate is the truest indicator ofwhat the society values."104 "The value of any nation should be measured more by its scientific and artistic achievements than by its business successes.130 "We can leam more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time thanby observing them at work."第十一类：政府、政府组织022 "Clearly, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, if that support is going to produce anything of value, govemment must place no restrictions on the art that is produced."046 "Businesses are as likely as are govemments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a govemment."061 "Even at its best, a govemment is a tremendous burden to business, though anecessary one."063 "As govemment bureaucracy increases, citizens become more and more separated from their govemment."113 "It is essential that the nations ofthe world increase spending on the building of space stations and on the exploration of other planets, even if that means spending less on other govemment programs.116 "A govemment should provide funding for the arts, but only for those artistic works that reflect the values and attitudes ofthe majority of the population."131 "Govemments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed most of the responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations."147 "Because it is in the best interests of a society to promote integrity and moral behavior, govemments should censor television and radio programs for offensive language and behavior. 第十二类：人权、人性004 "Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most."*manifestations: apparent signs orindicators040 "With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and intemational cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country."057 "Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful ofone another's differences.065 "The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity.* Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing."* homogeneity: sameness, similarity074 "The people we remember best are the ones who broke the rules."075 "There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear."077 "Although 'genius' is difficult to define, one of the qualities of genius is the ability to transcend traditional modes ofthought and create new ones." Explain what you think the above statement means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disa&ee with this definition of genius. In your discussion, be sure to include at least one example of someone who, in your opinion, exemplifies genius or a particular characteristic ofgenius.080 "As individuals, people save too little and borrow too much." From your perspective, how accurate is the view expressed above? In your discussion, be sure to consider the conditions under which it is appropriate to save money and the conditions under which it is appropriate to borrow.Develop your position using reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.082 "Business and govemment must do more, much more, to meet the needs and goals ofwomen in the workplace."088 "Each generation must accept blame of some ofits members but also for against those words and actions." not only for the hateful words and actions the failure of other members to speak out against those words and actions.”097 "In business, more than in any other social arena, men and women have leamed how to share power effectively."103 "Most people today place too much emphasis on satisfying their immediate desires. The overall quality oflife would be greatly improved if we all focused instead on meeting our long-term needs." 112 "In most fields-including education, politics, and business-the prevailing philosophy never stays in place very long. This pattem of constantly shifiing from one theoretical position to another is an inevitable reflection of human nature: people soon tire ofthe status quo."118 "People's loyalty to political parties and political leaders significantly hinders their ability to form their own opinions about an issue."121 "Whether people accept or reject an idea depends more on the way it is presented to them than on the merits ofthe idea itself "第十三类：工作与生活009 "Employees should keep their private lives and personal actiyities as separate as possible from the workplace."030 "Companies benefit when they discourage employees from working extra hours or taking work home. When employees spend their leisure time without'producing' something for the job, they will be more focused and effective when they retum to work."067 "Work greatly influences people's personal lives-their special interests, their leisure activities, even their appearance away from the workplace."第十四类：商业产品010 "In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product."066 "Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe. If a product injures someone, for whatever reason, the manufacturer should be held legally and financially accountable for the injury."070 "So long as no laws are broken, there is nothing unethical about doing whatever you need to do to promote existing products or to create new products."084 "A business should not be held responsible for providing customers with complete information about its products or services; customers should have the responsibility of gathering information about the products or services they may want to buy.”090 "People ofien complain that products are not made to last. They feel that making products that wear out fairly quickly wastes both natural and human resources.What they fail to see, however, is that such manufacturing practices keep costs down for the consumer and stimulate demand."Which do you find more compelling: the complaint about products that do not last or the response to it? Explain your position using relevant reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十五类：商业发展056 "The secret ofbusiness is to know something that nobody else knows."058 "What is the final objective of business? It is to make the obtaining of a living- the obtaining of food, clothing, shelter, and a minimum of luxunes-so mechanical and so little time-consuming that people shall have time for other things." - A business leader, circa 1930 071 "Commercialism has become too widespread. It has even crept into schools and places ofworship. Every nation should place limits on what kinds of products, if any, can be sold at certain events or places.'100 "In order to force companies to improve policies and practices considered unethical or harmful, society should rely primarily on consumer action-such as refusal to buy product-rather than legislative action."第十六类：商业管理003 "Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise.A 'flat' organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees."005 "All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done."014 "Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless." 018 "If the primary duty and concem of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society."019 "Some employers who recruit recent college graduates for entry-level jobs evaluate applicants only on their performance in business courses such as accounting, marketing, and economics. However, other employers also expect applicants to have a broad backgiound in such courses as history, literature, and philosophy."021 "Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels ofproductivity."024 "A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official."025 "The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible."026 "Location has traditionally been one of the most important determinants of a business's success. The importance oflocation is not likely to change, no matter how advanced the development ofcomputer communications and others kinds of technology becomes."027 "A company's long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the company's employees."033 "People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform.'035 "Business relations are infected through and through with the disease of short- sighted motives. We are so concemed with immediate results and short-term goals that we fail to look beyond them." Assuming that the term "business relations" can refer to the decisions and actions of any organization-for instance, a small family business, a community association, or a largeintemational corporation-explain the extent to which you think that this criticism is valid. In your discussion of the issue, use reasons and/or examples from your own experience, your observation of others, or your reading.036 "Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done."045 "The most effective way for a business person to maximize profits over a long period oftime is to follow the highest standards of ethics."048 "In matching job candidates with job openings, managers must consider not only such variables as previous work experience and educational background but also personality traits and work habits, which are more difficult to judge." What do you consider essential in an employee or colleague? Explain, using reasons and/or examples from your work or work-like experiences, or from your observations of others.050 "How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance ofa subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what altemative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?"051 "The presence of a competitor is always beneficial to a company. Competition forces a company to change itselfin ways that improve its practices."060 "Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees' health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees' permission."064 "The goal ofbusiness should not be to make as big a profit as possible. Instead, business should also concem itselfwith the well-being ofthe public."068 "Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed."069 "The most important quality in an employee is not specific knowledge or technical competence. Instead, it is the ability to work well with other employees."072 "Companies should not try to improve employees' performance by giving incentives-for example, awards or gifis. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well."076 "For a leader there is nothing more difficult, and therefore more important, than to be able to make decisions."092 "Employees should show loyalty to their company by fully supporting the company's managers and policies, even when the employees believe that the managers and policies are misguided." 093 "To be successful, companies should trust their workers and give them as much freedom as possible. Any company that tries to control employees' behavior through a strict system of rewards and punishments will soon find that such controls have a negative effect on employee morale and, consequently, on the company's success."095 "Companies are never justified in employing young children, even if the child's family would benefit from the income.106 "The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion ofthe task but contributes to the whole."108 "Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example,employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly."109 "All personnel evaluations at a company should be multidirectional-that is, people at every level of the organization should review not only those working ‘under' them but also those working 'over' them."110 "The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards." 115 "All employees should help decide how the profits oftheir company or businessshould be used."117 "The well-being of a society depends more on the success of small businessesthan on the success ofa few large, high-profile corporations."119 "It makes no sense for people with strong technological skills to go to college if they know that they can eam a good salary without a college degree."120 "Companies should not allow the trend toward informality in dress and conduct at the workplace to continue; formalityin dress and behavior helps create a more disciplined and productive work environment."123 "The current trend of moving frequently from company to company has negative consequences: it causes instability in the workplace and, as a result, instability in society. Therefore, companies should require employees to make a mitment to the organization."124 "The most effective leaders are those who can solve complex problems by finding simple, immediate solutions."127 "In general, a company's most valuable employees are those who are concerned more with efiiciency than with quality."128 "Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees."129 "When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate's resume and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person's qualifications for a job."132 "In any business or other organization, it is better to have managers with strong leadership skills than managers with expertise and work experience m a particular field."133 "Employees should not be asked to provide formal evaluations of their supervisor because they have little basis for judging or even understanding their supervisor's performance." 136 "In some companies, employees are allowed to express their feelings and opinions about the company by sending electronic messages to everyone in the company. In other companies, this type ofcommunication is strictly prohibited." What restrictions, if any, do you think companies should place on employees' electronic communications? Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十七类：其他（货币制度、公共服务等）008 "For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange ofmetal coins and printed pieces ofpaper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits."017 "Some people believe that the best approach to effective time management is to make detailed daily and long-term plans and then to adhere to them. However, this highly structured approach。

GMAT考试高分作文

GMAT考试高分作文本文是关于考试的话题作文，仅供大家参考！GMAT考试高分作文ISSUE:Recently there is a debate over whether ..Some people assert that.., while other people believe thatAs a matter of fact, the issue of whether .. is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their distinct backgrounds. Therefore, there is not a universal answer to this question, and whether one choice takes precedence over the other may quite depend on the specific situation. The decision, nevertheless, is not an easy one to make. Actually, the final judgment should rely on a case-by-case analysis. As far as I am concerned, however, I agree that . , and do not agree that.. My view can be greatly substantiated by the following discussions.The first argument that can be presented to develop my position is that A good example may be found in the case that Under this circumstance, it is obvious that.In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. The reason is not far to seek. To illustrate, let us consider that Hence, another equally important aspect is that.Admittedly, it may be true that . in some conditions.However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to claim that .,Actually, these cases are rare and therefore are too specific and too weak to strengthen the view thatWhen the advantages and disadvantages of x and y are carefully examined, the most striking conclusion is obvious that感谢阅读，希望能帮助您！。

GMATIssue 8──科技类

Issue 8──科技类“For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above.Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience,observations, or reading.“几百年来，大多数国家的货币制度建立在金属硬币和打印的纸币的交换的基础之上。

但是，因为最近技术的发展，国际共同体应该考虑将整个硬币和纸币的系统用存款和贷款的电子帐目系统取代。

”1.Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor.2.Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts.3.It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible systementirely. We can let they two coexist.Optional words:Thesis sentence: while electronic currencies enjoy their own merits, it still can not replace the entire system of tangible currencies.View1: convenient, efficient and easy to carry are the exclusive advantages of electronic currencies.Evidence:View2:tangible currencies such as coin and paper has its own merits and special functions that could not be replaced by electronic currencies.Evidence: merits: more reliable, more efficient in small sum transaction, more systematically safe; function: collectionThe prospect of converting the world’s monetary system of metal coins and printed paper into a computerized system of credits and debits is intriguing. Opponents of the i dea regard a digital economy as a dangerous step toward a totalitarian society in which an elite class dominates an information-starved lower class. My view, however, is that conversion to a digital economy has far-reaching economic and social virtues that outweigh the potential risk of misuse by a political elite.economy as the next logical step toward a global system of free trade and competition. Herein lies the main virtue of a digitalde would enjoy a broader range of goods at more competitive prices.In addition, a digital economy would afford customers added convenience, while at the same time saving money for businesses. be simple, fast, and secure. There would be no need to carry cash and no need for cashiers to collect it. A goodpay and go” gasoline pump used at many service stations today. Using these pumps saves time for the customer and saves money for the business.A third benefit of such a system is its potential to eliminate illegal monetary transactions. Traffickers of illegal arms and drugs, dealers all rely on tangible currency to conduct their activities. By eliminating hard currency, illegal transactions such as these woul d be much easier to track and record. As a result, illegal monetary transactions could be virtually eliminated. A related benefit would be the ability to thwart taxevasion by collecting tax revenues on transactions that otherwise would not be recorded.To sum up, I think it would be a good idea to convert current monetary systems into a system of electronic accounts. The economic benefits, convenience and savings afforded by such a system, along with the potential to reduce crime, far outweigh the remote loss of a significant social or political shift toward totalitarianism.A. It is unfeasible because of the unbalanced development of the technology in specific nations and around the world. It is true that in many developed countries particularly in those metropolitan cities, modern banking systems and the Internet make electronic transaction possible and benefit both individuals and business. However, still in many rural areas, people cannot have access to the modern banking systems neither the Internet. In addition, this kind of modern facilities are still rare in many developing nations around the world such as in Asia, and Africa. Replacing the entire monetary system worldwide will definitely cause chaos.B. It is unfeasible also because a large number of people are not ready for this change. For one thing, no matter in developed or developing countries, many people are used to the current monetary, which has been used for a long time; therefore, they feel reluctant to the switch to the new one. For another, the new system required users to have certain knowledge and skills particularly for those who use the Internet to do electronic transitions. However, it is not an easy job to ask the elderly to learn new technology, neither to ask those who live in those poor countries because they even do not have the modern facilities to learn.C. the new system make the transition much easier and save people a lot of time.。

GMAT issue基础模版

Common sense and observation hint me that, since individuals have distinct personal experience, emotional concern and culture believes, no universal agreement can be reached on the complex and controversial issue whether…. In my assessment, I endorse, to some extent, that…, however, I do not concur with the author’s allegation that…. The following argumentation can substantially verify my standpoint.To begin with, the staple reason that backs me to withstand my position is that……To illustrate, let us consider that ……Under this circumstance, it is obvious that….Furthermore, another empirical reason can also be exercised to develop my view. The reason is not so far to seek that……We may draw a sound example in the case that……Hence another equally crucial point is that……Admittedly, in some situation, we cannot deny the fact that …. However, this alone does not form firm foundations for the claim that…. As a matter of fact, I dare say these cases are too narrow and too fragile either to strengthen the author’s allegation that…, or to weaken my perspective that…. When merits and demerits of… are thoroughly evaluated, the most eloquent conclusion is evidently that……To sum up, taking the considerations mentioned above, I feel confident to present my sta tement that….To present his perspective that…, the author pronounces that…. Meanwhile, he proclaims that… Furthermore, he presumes that …. This seemingly well-supported rationale, however, in my estimation, is ill-founded. The following paragraphs will explore its paradox.To begin with, this argument depends on a vague premise that …. However, the premise is gratuitous because the author fails in providing any evidence to support it. Though A appears to be an empirical element in assessing B, other neglected crucial scenarios—such as C, D, if true, would demonstrate that …. Therefore, we cannot obtain this premise without eliminating such criteria.Additionally, the argument perpetrates an “after this and therefore because of this” logic defect: the correlation of A and B does not necessitate that A is causative of B; in fact, that… may be merely coincidental. In this defect, the author remarkably undermines that other critical factors such as…, or … may help to explain B. Consequently, until the author can demonstrate that such factors are irrelevant to …, the argument cannot be accepted.In the third place, the evidence that the illustrator provides is fallacious: one example is rarely adequate to construct such generalization. Only if the illustrator is able to show us that A1 is typical of all A, can the generalization that…be thoroughly warranted. In fact, on such limited base, no sound generalization can be advanced at all.In the fourth place, there also lies an analogy deficiency in the argument: without substantiating that all other things are comparable, or that, as time passes or focus differs, the backgrounds of both A and B have remained the same, the argument unfairly bolsters that A is analogous to B in all directions and the principles derived from A can be entirely implanted in B, making the position that …completely rootless.Last but not least, the survey the arguer quotes is fragile: it neither identifies the sample size or the surveyor, nor indicates how the selection of respondents and the conduction of the survey are maintained. Until these considerations are solved, the results of this survey are not sufficient enough to support that….Besides, without proving that no middle ground can be negotiated, or providing justification for imposing such a choice, the author unfairly suggests that an either-or choice must be decided; however, common sense and personal experience hint us that combining both A and B might give birth to better outcomes.In sum, this argument, though plausible at first glance, is delicate and of no cogency. To deeper convince the reader, the author should…; to further solidify the argument, the arguer ought to…; and to better perfect the conclusion, the illustrator can…. In a worl d, only with more rational reasoning could this argument be more persuasive.。

issue例子

1.比尔盖次同学When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world's No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.2.爱迪生小爱同学：失败乃成功的妈，要坚持啊奋斗啊，成功非偶然，靠积累We can learn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Alva Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works. Bb3. Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against acial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for humanrights and racial equality.4.贝多芬小贝同学：坚持啊什么的Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition.5. Mr. Lesson was accused of losing 1.3 billon dollars as a result of a risky derivative investment with the potential of a 27-billon gain. The collapse of Barings Bank in 1995 has been one of the most spectacular events in the banking world in recent years. Banks solvency and liquidity can be significantly threatened if speculative trading in financial derivatives is guided bya lack of adequate internal and external controls.There is evidence that such reasons are responsible for the failure of Barings in February 1995.6. Philip Morris, the largest tobacco company in the world, has been sued by government and many other groups for producing products that are harmful to health. The fines and legal fees that have resulted from the legal attack against the company have cost the company substantial amounts of money. i)h7.经商要厚道，笼络民心才是正道；长远利益与暂时Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutic companies in the world, announced tthat the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.8.三凌经商不厚道，掩盖事实Mitsubishi Motors had concealed significant defects in the break system of Pajero, one of the company's major products, before apologized to public. Hundreds of car accidents were directly caused by the break error. Thus, the company suffered a great goods return, losing not only the market share butalso the confidence of consumers.9. 东芝本本事件，华人抵制：长远利益Toshiba is one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outrage at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.10.做了不好就算是第一个做的也没用的；后起之秀多的是Traditionally, the first firm to commercialise a new technology has benefited from unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or invest in an unproven alternative. Today, however, the largest payoffs may go to companies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution. For example, SEGA, producer of Saturn, was the first company to develop home video game machine commercially, but Sony Entertainment INC., producer of Play Station, proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliance with other producers and distributors to manufacture andmarket its hardware and software. Because consumers had more choices on Play Station's games, they seldom bought SEGA Saturn. By the end of the 1990's, Play Station dominated the home video game market while SEGA Saturn was no longer in production.11.亚洲金融危机表明：世界间互相依存关系越紧密The financial crash of October 1987 and the Asia Economic Crisis in 1998 demonstrate that the world's capital markets are more closely integrated than ever before and that events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village-almost instantaneously.12.电视暴力对青少年影响Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to engage in violent behavior. Hence, depictions of violence among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs, if only in those programs and movies promoted to young audiences.13. Knowledge is power. Francis Bacon 知识就是力量14.Imagination is more important than knowledge. Albert Einstein 想想象力比知识更重要15. Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. William Shakespeare 别因为任何原因放弃努力16.In almost every face and every person, they may discover fine feathers and defects, good and bad qualities. Benjamin Franklin 任何事和人都有优缺好坏17. No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. Thomas Jefferson 没有法律永远有效*亚里士多德(Aristotle 384.BC-322BC)参考事迹: 学术集大成者，通才和专家集一身的著名学者，柏拉图的学生，亚历山大大帝的教师，他的著述论及逻辑学，形而上学，伦理学，自然科学（物理学，动物学，植物学，生理学，医学），政治学和诗学，对西方思想产生了深远影响，在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法，被称为"百科全书式的学者"，大牛利用点：可以利用到很多方面，通才与专家，博学与专攻，科学思维对人文思维并不冲突，不一而足。

GMAT ISSUE提纲

1. In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored for offensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship.In your view, to what extent should government or any other group be able to censor television or radio programs? Explain, giving relevant reasons and/or examples to support your position.agree1Television and radio programs with offensive language and behavior can adversely affect individual's mood.2Imitation of the offensive language and behavior including obscenity and violence can do harm to the society as a whole.3Some one may argue that to censor the television and radio programs is a violation of the right of free speech. However, these people misunderstand the essence of freedom including the right of free speech. No one can get any freedom, if everyone can do whatever they want regardless of the impact on others.2. “It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. In ternational leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world‟s energy resources for future generations.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently.2It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not.3The best and the most efficient way is the whole world conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.3. “Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees accordi ng to their experienc e and expertise. A …flat‟ organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.disagree1Hierarchical organizational structure can make an organization work more efficient.2Salary grades can inspire the members of an organization or employees of a company try their best to make contribution to the organization or the company.3TO help eliminate the aggressive attitude among members of an organization of employees of a company. A fair and open evaluation system should be careful designed. What is more, it is imprudent to say a flat organizational structure can encourage cooperation an collegiality. It is more likely to have conflicts without solution when no one has the authority to make the final judgment.4. “Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most.”* manifestations: apparent signs or indicatorsExplain what you think this quotation means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with it. Develop your position with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from history, current events, or your own experience, observations, or reading.1Admittedly, it is not always good to use the power to the utmost. There is no need for manager to fire an employee who have committed a minus violation of the company rule. There is no use for the head of a state to launch a war when there is only a political disagreement with another country, and so on so forth.2likewise, to restrain the use of power is not always good.3In fact, we are more likely to be impressed by a flexible use of power.5. “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and du ties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.”To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading.1For groups and organizations that are stable, it is reasonable to have a flat organizational structure.2For groups and organizations that are always confronted with emergencies, it is always better to give one certain person central authority and responsibility.3It is hard to say that one structure is necessarily better than the other. They all have advantages and disadvantages. And it is a case-by-case discussion.6. “There is only one definition of success —to be able to spend your life in your own way.”To what extent do you agree or disagree with this definition of success? Support your position by using reasons and examples from your reading, your own experience, or your observation of others.1I agree with the author to the extent that success has no universal criteria, every has its own way to success.2However, on one's way to his or her own success, one should not violate the law and the ethics.3To improve the quotation, a better definition of success can be --- to be able to enjoy one's life and do some contribution to the society as a whole.7. “The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1I agree the first half of author's opinion. There is no use to give advice to people, when you even don't what they want or what their problems are.2However, it is better to help them find their own way to attain what they want.3Admittedly, some times it is impossible to instruct the people step by step cause it is time-consuming to do so. And, in contrast, directly tell them how to attain is much easier.8. “For hundreds of y ears, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins a nd paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor.2Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts.3It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible system entirely. We can let they two coexist.9. “Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Personal activities should not be brought to one's workplace since they can reduce one's efficiency. Thinking about one's private life can distract one from his or her work.2Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers.3It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace.10. “In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1The ultimate aim for an enterprise is to gain the maximum profit. The final product instead of the process of making or doing something can bring the enterprise profit.2To make the final profit more acceptable to the consumers, special attention should be put on the process of making the product.3I prefer to say that the process of making and doing something is extremely important in any enterprise because it directly affect the quality of the final product.11. “Whe n someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business —that person‟s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Every one has faults. We can not ignore one's achievement only because he or she has made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect one's error when he or she achieves greatness in the field.2When it comes to which one is more important, the greatness or the faults, the final judgment should be based on the situation of the certain person. In fact, as far as I am concerned, it makes no sense to make such a judgment.3We should give a person fair and reasonable evaluation. It is imprudent to say that the greatness one achieves in one field is necessarily more important than the faults he or she makes.12“Education has become the main provider of ind ividual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”In your opinion, how accurate is the view expressed above? Explain, using reasons and examples based on your own experience, observations, or reading.“教育已经成为我们的社会里个人机会的主要提供者。

GMAT Issue 模板doc

模板一（选A或B，哪个更合适）Determining a seemingly irreconcilable issue whether......requires essentially that the advantages of.......be weighed fundamentally against the pitfalls.The speaker advocates that ....While this allegation does have some merit in a way, from my perspective, nevertheless, after pondering on this knotty concerns, viewing this controversial issue in several diverse lights and taking some compelling factors into account, I do concur with the speaker and am inclined to hold the position that....., my conclusion which is based on the subsequent grounds and considerations.(From my perspective, nevertheless, after pondering on this knotty concerns, viewing this controversial issue in several diverse lights and taking some compelling factors into account, I concur with the speaker and am inclined to hole the position that ......, my conclusion which is based on the subsequent grounds and considerations.)(From my perspective, nevertheless, after pondering on this knotty concerns, viewing this controversial issue in several diverse lights and taking some compelling factors into account, I am inclined to choose A/B as my preference over B/A, my inclination which is based on the subsequent grounds and considerations.)The paramount reason for my standpoint is that ....., thus undermining (buttressing) the author's assertion..... In addition, ........ Specifically,...... Itfollows, therefore, that......Another equivalently crucial ground that have to be presented to develop my viewpoint is that ......, therefore casting doubt (lights) on the speaker's claim...... Moreover, ..... For example,...... Consequently, under this circumstance, it is obvious that......aAdmittedly, it may sound somewhat persuasive for some people to argue that..... This contention, however, is so groundless and flimsy that it neither buttresses the speaker's assertion nor undermines my opinion that..... On balance, therefore, the advantages of ..... far outweigh those of....In sum, basing my conclusion on the illustrations and expositions mentioned above, accordingly, I hold the position that.....模板二（A与B结合更好或者A和B都是必不可少的）Determining a seemingly irreconcilable issue whether ....requires essentially that the advantages of...... be weighed fundamentally against the pitfalls. The speaker advocates that... From my perspective, nevertheless, after pondering on this knotty concerns, viewing this controversial issue in several diverse lights and taking some compelling factors into accounts, I hold the position that ignorance of several two-sided factors and any extreme view on this contentious issue should give way to a sensible amalgamation of A and B, thereby leading to amiddle ground for a better resolution.The paramount reason for my point of view is that.... In addition,..... For example, .... It follows, therefore, that....Another equivalently crucial ground that would have to be presented to develop my standpoint is that...Moreover...Specifically...Consequently, under the circumstance, it is obvious that...Admittedly, it sounds somewhat persuasive for some people to argue that...and that... This contention, however is so groundless and flimsy that it neither buttresses the speaker's assertion nor undermines my claim that... On balance, therefore, the integrate advantages incurred in such a combination far outweigh those yielded in respective ones.In conclusion,...模板三（就题目提出问题）To some extent, I agree with the speaker's general assertion- on the basis of.........--that........if.........(give the condition under which we can support the author's idea.). However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to an irreversible extreme while he overlooks certain compelling factors impacting this issue. On balance, my points of agreement and contention with the speaker involve the fundamental and deep analysis, as discussed below.On the one hand, it is sagacious to admit that this statement, although suffers from some obvious drawbacks, possesses some merits primarily in some special cases in which the implicit rationale behind it accords with common sense and our everyday experience as human beings, hence, is partially indisputable. After all, in this era of social and technological chances leading to increasing progress, (you may point that the condition is possible to occur here)................... . One could effortlessly imagine the scenario, in which ............... . Accordingly, I tend to concede that when it comes to some certain circumstances it is partially appropriate.On the other hand, recognizing that a more applicable choice must incorporate aspects of the issue as sufficient as possible, I have to point out my contention with the speaker who, while overstating XXX's comparative significance, does not take into account some paramount essential factors, at which thoughtless people casually take a fresh look. Surging out nowadays, the phenomena, in which............, firmly construe the fact that ................... . Moreover, .......................... . For instance, ....................... . I remembered the words the head of my university once said (and I paraphrase) that.... AAA is one of the key words of our times, and a man without AAA, may one of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of advance circumstance, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. All the compelling evidenceabove demonstrates beyond any reasonable doubt that............. Coincidentally, a general investigation has been conducted by ......... institute in my university recently, discovering that..........., So, it is, at least ostensibly to bolster the view that............... . Thus, my claim is not a mere appeal but a fact verified by statistics.In conclusion, issue of ............is a complex one, requiring subjective judgment, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers. So different are the personal experience, and emotional concern among people with diverse culture that thousand individuals might possess thousand opinions towards this issue. In the final analysis, .....。

gmat-issue例子

电视审查：美国承认“成人文化”的存在，但要让孩子远离，于是有了分级制度；但中国的文化传统对“成人文化”还不能完全接受，一旦分级，许多导演会拍更多有暴力裸露镜头的电影（现在碍于没有分级不能拍），因此许多家长反对分级，对此，甘恩斯先生说道：评级系统所依据的是国民性格与文化，因此，澳大利亚、英国与美国的分级类似，荷兰就区别很大。

每个国家情况不一样，也许，中国的分级制度与美国所走的道路应该是两个方向……英国的电影分级管理委员会是个独立机构，它根据“1984年的影像法”对英国的所有的电影、录象、DVD光盘和数字产品进行分级管理。

它的管理内容非常详细，从影片的主题、语言、裸体、性表现、暴力、到模仿技术、恐怖、毒品等都有详细的规定。

影片共分为6个级别，分别为U（适合所有人）、PG（需要父母陪伴儿童一起看）、12（适合12岁以下儿童）、15（适合15岁以下儿童）、18（适合18岁以上的成年人）和R18（有严格限制的、只能在指定的影院放映的成人电影）。

每个级别都有详细、具体细节的条款规定。

英国通讯局主要负责电视的管理，其广播法要比电影分级法来得更详细、更复杂、更广泛，一部广播法的内容含量是分级法的4倍之多。

可以说含括了广播电视的各类节目，它的审查出发点和内容有：从对青少年的保护到尊重宗教信仰，从犯罪镜头和犯罪细节描写的具体规定到对成年人的保护，从及时公正到保护个人隐私，从公选、公决到对赞助商和赞助节目的管理，从广播电视台对播出节目赋有的责任到节目播出时段具体规定等等。

这部法对每个条款都有细节说明和规定。

国目前还没有电影电视分级管理法，也没有一个比较固定和具有法律效应的媒介管理审查制度，更没有这种与时俱进、目的性强、实用性大的媒介素养课程教育。

我们国家广播电影电视总局为了净化荧屏和银屏，为了保护青少年，从未间断过自己的职责和努力。

但是由于采取的措施和手段通常是“禁令”（这是不得已而为之的办法），由于没有深入人心的细致教育，因此，它实际所起的效果大家是有目共睹的。

免费GMAT全部题目的中文翻译(ISSUE和ARGUMENT)

1-15页issue，16开始argumentI．Analysis of Issue Questions1. 有些国家里，电视和广播节目被仔细审查着不让出现带攻击性的语言和行为。

在另一些国家里，基本上没有审查制度。

在你的观点里，政府或其他任何团体应该在何种程度上审查电视或广播节目？解释，给出相关的原因and/ or例子来支持你的观点。

2. “指望单个国家独立地作出必要的牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。

如果我们希望为下一代保护世界的能源资源，国际领导力量和全球性的公司是基本的。

”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。

从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。

3. “有限公司和其他商业机构应该尽力消除根据员工经验和技术划分员工的许多职称和工资等级。

一个扁平的组织结构更可能鼓励员工间的共同掌权和共同合作。

”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。

从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。

4. “权力的所有表现之中，对使用权力的克制是最令人影响深刻的。

”阐述你认为这段引语是什么意思，讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。

使用来自历史，时事或你自身经验，观察，阅读的原因and/or特定的例子来展开你的立场。

5. “所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定，分享责任和义务的团队来运作。

给予一个人关于一个项目和行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。

”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。

从你自身的工作或学习经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因an d/or例子来支持你的观点。

6. “成功的定义只有一种：可以按你自己的方式过你的人生。

”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。

从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。

7. “最好的给别人提建议的方法是发现他们想要的东西然后告诉他们如何去得到。

”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。

gmat考试issue范文提纲(十四).doc

GM AT考试Issue范文提纲(十四)"Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."观点：不同意上面讲的，虽然有冲突，但是大部分是相容的，人们可以在追求现代化的同时仍然保留传统。

承认传统和现代化之间有时会有冲突。

(比如人多,政府不得不开垦荒地,或拆除古建筑来建住宅，医院等等。

人们生活节奏变快，受外界事物影响，对传统的东西不重视。

老年人和青年人之间会有代沟)但是这次问题都不是不可调和的，都是可以解决的。

我们不能因为有冲突,就二选一,不管是传统还是现代化对人都很重要。

(传统文化精神会让我们不至于迷失自我(Dignity and self-reliance)传统文化习俗(custom)让我们知道我们先人(ancestor)的生活.而现代化也是必要的,这是一种趋势,比如mill不现代化，还采用老的手工的方法(grind the grain),就无法在市场上生存。

如果人们不接受新的观念，无法与别人交流) 人们完全可以把传统和现代的东西融合在一起，创造更大的价值。

(这在艺术创造上面最明显。

(In the 1970s, architects began to be dissatisfied with the stark simplicity of most modern architectures and began to in elude in their desig ns traditi onal elements such as columns, arches, and keystones, and also startling color contrasts such as might have come from advertising and pop culture. Similar developments took place in literature.)而且现在人们也逐渐意识到过去被遗弃的传统,都进行一些保护传统的项目。