上海中考英语A篇阅读理解解题技巧讲解

上海中考英语A篇阅读理解解题技巧讲解

一、知识框架

二、知识点梳理

Ⅰ. 细节理解题

一、解题思路

1.凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。

2.干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。

【案例分析】

Lin's enjoyment of basketball actually began in Taiwan, where his father started watching it. Lin's father moved to U.S., and passed on this love of basketball to his son, the young Lin spent much of his youth playing basketball for fun, learning from his father and older brother. But his family taught him about more than basketball. After games, his parents would discuss not only his

score but also his conduct toward other players. This taught Lin that character was more important than playing well.

74. Lin’s enjoyment of basketball started in .

A. Taiwan

B. the U.S

C. Harvard University

D. NBA

【解析】

1.断案—extract the key word in the question

Lin’s enjoyment ; basketball; started

2.去案发现场寻找蛛丝马迹—find the original sentence in the passage

Lin's enjoyment of basketball; began in = start

3:找到证据,破解案情—get answers near the sentence

Lin's enjoyment of basketball actually began in Taiwan

Ⅰ. 理解推断题

一、解题思路

推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而做出合乎逻辑的判断。

二、设题方式

常以infer（推断），imply（暗示），suggest, conclude（推断），learn, intend（意指），mean, describe, purpose等词提问。提问方式如下：

1. We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.

2. We can infer from the text that _______.

3. From the story we can guess ______.

4. What would be happy if ?

5. How did the writer feel at Vienna station?

6. The writer writes this text to ______.

7. The writer believes that ______.

8. The writer suggests that ______.

三、解题方法

1. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论

逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。

【案例分析】

The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional

of the African earth; and the third represents the grasslands of home.

76. According to the passage, red ________.

A) represents the setting sun

B) stands for African unity

C) is chosen because it is a bright color

D) is a reminder(暗示) of the sad history in Africa

【解析】

根据文中所呈现的一句话的意识是：“第一个颜色（红色）代表着成千上万的作为奴隶的人们的血液”

答案A：代表夕阳 B 代表非洲的团结 C 被选择因为他是一个明亮的颜色

此处三个都属于不符合文章所陈述的事实，论点。

D 选项说它暗示了非洲的一段伤心的历史（从文章中的blood以及suffered as slaves）可以得出答案。

2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断

做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文（段）意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。

【案例分析】

As part of its fortieth anniversary (周年纪念日), Sesame Street had a special guest on its show. First Lady Michelle Obama showed a group of children and Big Bird how to plant. She explained that the seeds would grow into vegetables, which are healthy and good to eat. She also

77. On the program’s fortieth anniversary, First Lady tried to help parents learn ________.

A) how to grow and eat vegetables correctly

B) to watch the show with their children

C) to teach children to do enough exercise

D) the importance of a healthy life for their children

【解析】

综合整段的含义，我们可以抓住主题内容：在14周年的纪念日上，这个电视节目请来一个十分重要的贵宾，通过这位贵宾给孩子们演示种子如何生长成为对孩子们健康有益以及很好吃的蔬菜的同时，也给和孩子们一起看电视的家长传达一个信息：父母可以帮助他们的孩子健康的生活。

本文中的题干说道试图帮助父母去学习什么：A/B两个答案可以直接排除，难点就在于C/D 的把握问题：文章最后一句有个关键词是“like”后面一句只是一个举例，不能作为一个主干的结构去成为这题的答案，所以排除C，因此D就是最好的答案。