财务会计英语PPT课件
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财务会计专业英语 (10)
5.1
By reading the statement of cash flows, the reader might find answers to the following questions:
• Why did cash decrease for Home Depot when it reported net income for the period?
stock
5. Gain on the Sale of Automobile formerly used in the
business
6. The proceeds from the sale of the automobile in Item
#5.
7. An increase in the balance in a retailer's Merchandise
14. A decrease in the current asset account Prepaid
Insurance
15. A decrease in the current liability Income Taxes
Payable
16. The proceeds from issuing additional Common
$ 5,000 $60,000 $20,000
$85,000
Jan. 1, 2003 $-0-
-0$-0-
$-0$-0$-0-
$-0-
Steps in Preparation--2
Step 1. Determine the change in cash. Step 2. Determine the net cash flow from operating activities. Step 3. Determine net cash flows from investing and financing activities.
财务会计入门英文版 PPT 3
LO 4: Prepare Adjusting Entries
Two typical adjustments for asset and/or liability overstatements:
– consumed (or used) asset
Asset Unadjusted Credit balance adjusting entry (-) Expense Debit adjusting entry (+)
LO 1: The Accounting Cycle
1. Record accounting events in journal; post to General Ledger. 2. Prepare Trial Balance. 3. Record adjusting journal entries; post to Ledger; prepare Adjusted Trial Balance. 4. Prepare Financial Statements. 5. Record closing journal entries; post to Ledger; prepare Post Closing Trial Balance. 6. Begin the new accounting period by returning to the first step.
Adjustment for asset or liability understatement:
1. Service or goods provided and customer has not yet paid: called a revenue accrual. 2. No payment has been made or liability recorded for benefits consumed: called an expense accrual. 3. Revenue recorded when cash was received, but obligation to customer not yet satisfied. 4. Expense recorded when cash was paid, but future benefits still exist as of the BS date.
财务会计专业英语 (9)
General Ledger
Date Jul 1 Accounts Receivable PR Debit Credit Balance 3,230 3,230
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Slide 5
C1
CREDIT CARD SALES
Advantages of allowing customers to use credit cards:
Jul. 15 Accounts Receivable - Credit Card Co. Credit Card Expense Sales
To record credit card sales and fees.
DR 96 4
CR
100 96
Jul. 28
Cash Accounts Receivable - Credit Card Co.
Schedule of Accounts Receivable RDA Electronics $ 280 CompStore 2,950 Total $ 3,230
CompStore Date PR Debit Credit Jun 30 2,000 Jul 1 950
Balance 2,000 2,950
Jan 23
Bad Debts Expense Accounts Receivable - J. Kent
To write-off uncollectible account
DR 520
CR 520
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Slide 12
P1
DIRECT WRITE-OFF METHOD
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Slide 7
中级财务会计英文课件 (19)
18 - 8
• Total equity. • Often presented before liabilities.
The Corporate Organization
Advantages of a corporation
Continuous Existence
Easy ownership transfer
Articles of incorporation are filed with the state. State issues a corporate charter. Shares of stock issued.
18 - 12
Board of directors appoint officers. Board of directors elected by shareholders.
Limited liability company
• No limit on number of owners.
Limited liability partnership
•
Owners are liable for their own actions but not entirely liable for actions of other partners.
Shareholders’ Equity
Paid-in Capital
Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
18 - 2
Financial Reporting Overview
Shareholders' Equity Paid-in-capital: Captial stock: Preferred stock - $100 par value; 1,000 shares authorized; 400 shares issued and outstanding $ 40,000 Common stock - $10 par value; 60,000 shares authorized; 20,000 shares issued and outstanding 200,000 Additional paid-in capital in excess of par value From issuance of preferred stock 10,000 From issuance of common stock 300,000 Total paid-in capital $ 550,000 Retained earnings 121,500 Accumulated other comprehensive income: Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments (35,000) Gains (losses) from foreign currency translation 22,000 (13,000) Treasury stock (at cost) (10,000) Total shareholders' equity $ 648,500
• Total equity. • Often presented before liabilities.
The Corporate Organization
Advantages of a corporation
Continuous Existence
Easy ownership transfer
Articles of incorporation are filed with the state. State issues a corporate charter. Shares of stock issued.
18 - 12
Board of directors appoint officers. Board of directors elected by shareholders.
Limited liability company
• No limit on number of owners.
Limited liability partnership
•
Owners are liable for their own actions but not entirely liable for actions of other partners.
Shareholders’ Equity
Paid-in Capital
Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
18 - 2
Financial Reporting Overview
Shareholders' Equity Paid-in-capital: Captial stock: Preferred stock - $100 par value; 1,000 shares authorized; 400 shares issued and outstanding $ 40,000 Common stock - $10 par value; 60,000 shares authorized; 20,000 shares issued and outstanding 200,000 Additional paid-in capital in excess of par value From issuance of preferred stock 10,000 From issuance of common stock 300,000 Total paid-in capital $ 550,000 Retained earnings 121,500 Accumulated other comprehensive income: Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments (35,000) Gains (losses) from foreign currency translation 22,000 (13,000) Treasury stock (at cost) (10,000) Total shareholders' equity $ 648,500
财务会计英语
1 2
利润表结构
利润表分为收入、成本费用和利润三个层次， 反映企业盈利能力。
解读利润表
通过利润表可以看出企业的盈利能力、经营效 率以及未来发展潜力。
3
编制利润表
按照会计准则要求，正确核算成本费用和利润 ，编制出符合规范的利润表。
05
财务分析
比率分析
含义
比率分析是一种财务报表分析 方法，通过计算比率来评估企
存货
预付款项
包括原材料、在产品、产成品等，涉及成本 计算、计价方法等。
核算企业预先支付的款项，如预付的材料款 、房租等。
非流动资产与负债的核算
固定资产
核算企业持有的固定资产原值、累计折旧 等，涉及折旧方法、减值准备等。
长期股权投资
核算企业长期持有股票、股权等投资的价 值和收益情况。
无形资产
核算企业的专利权、商标权等无形资产的 价值和摊销情况。
坚持准则
adhere to standards religiously
提高技能
improve skills continuously
会计职业道德教育与实践
会计职业道德教育的必要性 会计职业道德教育的途径与方法
会计职业道德教育的目标与内容 会计职业道德实践的意义与途径
THANKS
该课程主要面向高校会计专业学生、会计从业人员以及英语 爱好者，帮助他们掌握财务会计的基础理论和实践技能，并 能够熟练运用英语处理和解决实际问题。
学习目标
掌握财务会计的基本概念、理论、方法和实务。
能够阅读和理解财务会计英文文献、报告、报表 等资料。
提高英语听说读写能力，能够用英语进行基本的 财务会计业务沟通。
学习方法
系统学习
《财务会计英语》课件
演讲人姓名
Definition of Financial Accounting
Summary: Financial Accounting is a process of recording, categorizing, and summarizing financial transactions and events in a systematic manager to provide information about the financial position, performance, and changes in the financial position of an entity to interested parties
Cost calculation and expense allocation
Summary: Formulation of cost sharing standards Detailed description: Develop reasonable cost allocation standards and allocate indirect expenses to specific cost objects. The formulation of cost sharing standards should consider relevant factors, such as direct labor, machine hours, etc., to ensure the rationality and accuracy of cost sharing. At the same time, the allocation standards should be regularly evaluated and adjusted to reflect changes in the company's business and the actual occurrence of expenses.
Definition of Financial Accounting
Summary: Financial Accounting is a process of recording, categorizing, and summarizing financial transactions and events in a systematic manager to provide information about the financial position, performance, and changes in the financial position of an entity to interested parties
Cost calculation and expense allocation
Summary: Formulation of cost sharing standards Detailed description: Develop reasonable cost allocation standards and allocate indirect expenses to specific cost objects. The formulation of cost sharing standards should consider relevant factors, such as direct labor, machine hours, etc., to ensure the rationality and accuracy of cost sharing. At the same time, the allocation standards should be regularly evaluated and adjusted to reflect changes in the company's business and the actual occurrence of expenses.
财务会计-固定资产-plant-assets课件
பைடு நூலகம்
Allocation Principles
• Assume you buy Land, Building and Equipment for a total price of $ 800,000 • However for Accounting purposes you will need to break this down in: • Land • Land improvements • Building • Equipment
• Use the half year convention: an asset with a 5 year life will be depreciated over 6 periods: In the year the asset was acquired 50% (half year) depreciation is taken and in the year after the last year another 50%
财务会计-固定资产-plant-assets
Depreciation of fractional period
• Use the exact fraction: if an asset is acquired on 1st October 2011 it will only be depreciated 3 months in 2011 (3/12)
Total
calculation
$17000*30% $11900*30% $8330*30% ($5831-$2000)/2 $3915 - $2000
Depreciation
$5100 $3570 $2499 $1916 $1915
Allocation Principles
• Assume you buy Land, Building and Equipment for a total price of $ 800,000 • However for Accounting purposes you will need to break this down in: • Land • Land improvements • Building • Equipment
• Use the half year convention: an asset with a 5 year life will be depreciated over 6 periods: In the year the asset was acquired 50% (half year) depreciation is taken and in the year after the last year another 50%
财务会计-固定资产-plant-assets
Depreciation of fractional period
• Use the exact fraction: if an asset is acquired on 1st October 2011 it will only be depreciated 3 months in 2011 (3/12)
Total
calculation
$17000*30% $11900*30% $8330*30% ($5831-$2000)/2 $3915 - $2000
Depreciation
$5100 $3570 $2499 $1916 $1915
财务会计英语
LOGO
Unit 7
Profit
Financial Accounting English (Second Edition)
Contents
Section 1 Definition of Profit
Section 2 Accounting for Profit
Financial Accounting English (Second Edition)
Financial Accounting English (Second Edition)
Exercises
• 7.4 When products are sold and before the operating expenses are deducted, the amount is ____________ called gross profit. • 7.5 To calculate net income of a business that sells products, first subtract the cost of goods operating expenses sold and then _____________. • 7.6 For a corporation, retained earnings are the amount that is increased each year in the net income decreased by dividend form of ________ distributions or by losses in operation.
$0.54 million ($2.34 million-$1.8 million)
• 7.8 Continued with Exercise 7.7, if the corporation pays dividends to shareholders for $1.32 million, what is the ending balance of the retained earnings?
Unit 7
Profit
Financial Accounting English (Second Edition)
Contents
Section 1 Definition of Profit
Section 2 Accounting for Profit
Financial Accounting English (Second Edition)
Financial Accounting English (Second Edition)
Exercises
• 7.4 When products are sold and before the operating expenses are deducted, the amount is ____________ called gross profit. • 7.5 To calculate net income of a business that sells products, first subtract the cost of goods operating expenses sold and then _____________. • 7.6 For a corporation, retained earnings are the amount that is increased each year in the net income decreased by dividend form of ________ distributions or by losses in operation.
$0.54 million ($2.34 million-$1.8 million)
• 7.8 Continued with Exercise 7.7, if the corporation pays dividends to shareholders for $1.32 million, what is the ending balance of the retained earnings?
财务会计概念与应用英文版Lectu
Cash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,600,000
Hale Waihona Puke Torecordbuilding
.
and
land
acquired
for
$3,600,00101.
Depreciation
• Depreciation
– The process of cost allocation that assigns the original cost of plant and equipment to the periods benefited.
100,000
.
To record annual payment under capital lease.
9
Assets Acquired by
Self Construction
• Self-constructed assets
– Recorded at cost.
– Include all expenditures incurred to build the asset and make it ready for its intended use.
Lease Liability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,864
Interest Expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,136
Cash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•The owner of property that is leased (rented) to another party.
会计英语财务会计
book of original entry
原始分类账簿
chronological record closing the accounts
序时记录
结账
closing entry 结账分录
credit balance 贷方余额
debit balance 借方余额
merchandise 商品；存货
miscellaneous expense (income)
杂项费用（收入）
money order 汇款单
NSF (no sufficient funds)
存款不足
notes received discounted
应收票据贴现
multiple-step approach
多步法
costs of goods sold 销货成本
operating income 营业收入
gross profit 毛利
sales returns and allowances
销售退回与折让
selling expenses 销售费用
out of service 报废
patent 专利权
productive capacity 生产能力
proportional allocation
按比例分配
research and development
研究与开发
revenue expenditure 收益性支出
坏账准备
allowance method 备抵法
allowance 备抵，减值准备
bad debt recovery 已确认坏账的收回
原始分类账簿
chronological record closing the accounts
序时记录
结账
closing entry 结账分录
credit balance 贷方余额
debit balance 借方余额
merchandise 商品；存货
miscellaneous expense (income)
杂项费用（收入）
money order 汇款单
NSF (no sufficient funds)
存款不足
notes received discounted
应收票据贴现
multiple-step approach
多步法
costs of goods sold 销货成本
operating income 营业收入
gross profit 毛利
sales returns and allowances
销售退回与折让
selling expenses 销售费用
out of service 报废
patent 专利权
productive capacity 生产能力
proportional allocation
按比例分配
research and development
研究与开发
revenue expenditure 收益性支出
坏账准备
allowance method 备抵法
allowance 备抵，减值准备
bad debt recovery 已确认坏账的收回
财务会计专业英语 (4)
2. Assume a company put $300 000 with a bank for one year at 10% on 1 March 2007(interest payable at the end of the period). At 30 June 2007 they would have earned $10 000 est, even though the total interest of $30 000 would not be received until 28 February 2008
Example of a Dividend Voucher
DIVIDEND VOUCHER COMPANY NAME LIMITED REGISTERED OFFICE ADDRESS
20 Somewhere Town
Postcode
The board of directors of COMPANY NAME LIMITED met at 20 Somewhere, Town, Postcode on Date of Meeting and declared a dividend of ? XXXX per ?1 ordinary share in respect the financial year ended Date of Year End payable to shareholders registered at Date of Year End
2.4 L
Assignment
16
Chapter II journals and ledgers
2.1
1. A voucher is often used as evidence of the declaration that a service has been p--- or an expenditure has been m---.
Example of a Dividend Voucher
DIVIDEND VOUCHER COMPANY NAME LIMITED REGISTERED OFFICE ADDRESS
20 Somewhere Town
Postcode
The board of directors of COMPANY NAME LIMITED met at 20 Somewhere, Town, Postcode on Date of Meeting and declared a dividend of ? XXXX per ?1 ordinary share in respect the financial year ended Date of Year End payable to shareholders registered at Date of Year End
2.4 L
Assignment
16
Chapter II journals and ledgers
2.1
1. A voucher is often used as evidence of the declaration that a service has been p--- or an expenditure has been m---.
财务会计英语unit1课件
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
• Expense (费用) are the gross outflow of economic benefits resulted from the course of ordinary activities resulting in decreases in owner’s equity caused by the business’ revenueproducing operations, other than the decreases from distributions of profits to owners.
Section 3 Journalizing and Posting
Section 4 Financial Statements
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements • 1.1 The accounting equation
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
Current assets (流动资产) are short-term assets including cash, bank deposit, accounts receivable, inventory, etc. Fixed assets (固定资产) are non-current assets, including land, buildings, equipment, furniture, etc. Intangible assets (无形资产) are also non-current assets, including patents, copyrights, licenses, franchises, goodwill, etc.
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
• Expense (费用) are the gross outflow of economic benefits resulted from the course of ordinary activities resulting in decreases in owner’s equity caused by the business’ revenueproducing operations, other than the decreases from distributions of profits to owners.
Section 3 Journalizing and Posting
Section 4 Financial Statements
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements • 1.1 The accounting equation
财务会计英语unit1
Section1 Accounting Equation and Accounting Elements
Current assets (流动资产) are short-term assets including cash, bank deposit, accounts receivable, inventory, etc. Fixed assets (固定资产) are non-current assets, including land, buildings, equipment, furniture, etc. Intangible assets (无形资产) are also non-current assets, including patents, copyrights, licenses, franchises, goodwill, etc.
会计英语财务会计(ppt版)
executives 高级(gāojí)管理人员
professional judgment
职业判断力
第六页，共八十四页。
ethical standard 道德(dàodé)准那么
integrity 整合性
AICPA
美国(měi ɡuó)注册会计师 协会
第七页，共八十四页。
Chapter 2
第四十六页，共八十四页。
weight average
加权平均
(píngjūn)
第四十七页，共八十四页。
Chapter 7
第四十八页，共八十四页。
accumulated depletion
累计折耗(shéhào)
accumulated depreciation
累计折旧
acquisition cost 取得(qǔdé)本钱
第二十九页，共八十四页。
bad debt recovery 已确认(quèrèn)坏账的收
回
bed debt expense 坏账费用
bank charges 银行(yínháng)手续费
bank credit memorandum
银行贷项通知
第三十页，共八十四页。
bank debit memorandum
closing the accounts
结账
(jié zhànɡ)
closing entry 结账分录
credit balance 贷方余额
第十八页，共八十四页。
debit balance 借方余额
depreciation expense 折旧费用
double-entry accounting
第二十七页，共八十四页。
英文版财务会计51页PPT
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
14
Going Concern Concept
• Assumes that the entity will remain in operation for the foreseeable future
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
28
Exercise 1-17
5
Ethics
• Audit
– Examination of company’s financial situation – Performed by independent accountants
• Sarbanes-Oxley Act
– Criminal offense to falsify financial statements
• AICPA – Code of Professional Conduct for Accountants
• IMA – Standards of Ethical Conduct
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
7
Types of Business Organizations
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
2
Decision Makers
• Individuals • Businesses • Investors • Creditors • Taxing Authorities
会计英语ppt课件
• When you have got your topic set up a research Plan – what do you need to do how long will it take?
– A Gantt chart is helpful – record progress against plan
• We thought this surprising and wanted to see whether it applied elsewhere, particularly to the euro area and also to Australia and New Zealand, or whether it was due to something peculiar to the UK
• We measure expectations by interest rate futures prices
• We look at the behaviour of the Bank of England, the Eurosystem and the Reserve Banks of Australia and New Zealand for as long as they have been announcing decisions
Ideal characteristics
– Fills a gap within the research topic – Improves our understanding of the research topic – Relevance to firms / practitioners / regulators – “Researchable” – Theory driven
– A Gantt chart is helpful – record progress against plan
• We thought this surprising and wanted to see whether it applied elsewhere, particularly to the euro area and also to Australia and New Zealand, or whether it was due to something peculiar to the UK
• We measure expectations by interest rate futures prices
• We look at the behaviour of the Bank of England, the Eurosystem and the Reserve Banks of Australia and New Zealand for as long as they have been announcing decisions
Ideal characteristics
– Fills a gap within the research topic – Improves our understanding of the research topic – Relevance to firms / practitioners / regulators – “Researchable” – Theory driven
1.2_introduction to accounting会计入门ppt课件
Week 1.2
ChapterБайду номын сангаас1 第一章
An introduction to accounting 会计入门
ppt课件
1
Learning Objectives / Outcomes 学习目 标/成果
1. Define accounting, describe the accounting process and define the diverse roles of accountants 定义会计 学，描述会计过程并定义会计师的不同角色
6. Describe the financial reporting environment 描述财 务报表环境
7. Explain the accounting concepts, principles, qualitative characteristics and constraints underlying financial statements 说明会计概念，原理， 质量特征和财务报表的潜在约束条件
transactions 分
考虑所有影响
析、记录、分
营业单位的业
类并总结业务
务 Commonly referred to as
‘bookkeeping’ 通常称ppt为课件记账
Communication 交流
Preparing accounting
reports, analysing and interpreting准 备会计报表， 分析并说明
• Economic activities/transactions
e.g. - sale of item to customer 物品出售给客户 - purchase of office stationery from supplier 从供应商购买办公文具
ChapterБайду номын сангаас1 第一章
An introduction to accounting 会计入门
ppt课件
1
Learning Objectives / Outcomes 学习目 标/成果
1. Define accounting, describe the accounting process and define the diverse roles of accountants 定义会计 学，描述会计过程并定义会计师的不同角色
6. Describe the financial reporting environment 描述财 务报表环境
7. Explain the accounting concepts, principles, qualitative characteristics and constraints underlying financial statements 说明会计概念，原理， 质量特征和财务报表的潜在约束条件
transactions 分
考虑所有影响
析、记录、分
营业单位的业
类并总结业务
务 Commonly referred to as
‘bookkeeping’ 通常称ppt为课件记账
Communication 交流
Preparing accounting
reports, analysing and interpreting准 备会计报表， 分析并说明
• Economic activities/transactions
e.g. - sale of item to customer 物品出售给客户 - purchase of office stationery from supplier 从供应商购买办公文具
财务会计英语PPT
(b) An explanation for the uncertainty of the outflow of the economic benefits; (c) An estimate of the expected financial effect of the contingent debts and the possibility of any expenditure. If it is unable to make an estimate, the reasons shall be explained. (3) In general, no enterprise may disclose the contingent assets. However, if a contingent asset will probably give rise to an inflow of economic benefits to the enterprise, the enterprise shall disclose the cause, the expected financial effect, etc. 企业应当在附注中披露与或有事项有关的下列信息： (一)预计负债。 1．预计负债的种类、形成原因以及经济利益流出不确定性的说明。 2．各类预计负债的期初、期末余额和本期变动情况。 3．与预计负债有关的预期补偿金额和本期已确认的预期补偿金额。 (二)或有负债(不包括极小可能导致经济利益流出企业的或有负债)。
If you go short and the futures price goes up, you lose money. 如果你卖空而期货价格上升，你就赔钱。 Futures is one of the types of financial futures. 外汇期货是金融期货的一种。 The futures price is not constant until the contract expires. 直到其期货合约到期之前，期货价格才稳定。
中级财务会计(英文)课件Chapter 8 Property, Plant And Equipment
Intermediate Accounting 8 Property, Plant And Equipment
Valuation at Acquisition
Cost of Land
• Contract price • Costs of closing the transaction, obtaining the title, options, legal fees, title search, insurance, past due taxes • Cost of surveys • Clearing and grading property to get it ready for its intended use • Razing old buildings (net of salvage)
Devon Company purchases a machine with a contract price of $100,000 on terms of 2/10, n/30. The company does not take the cash discount and incurs transportation costs of $2,500, as well as installation and testing costs of $3,000. Sales taxes total $5,000 on the purchase. During installation, uninsured damages of $500 are incurred.
The asset must be held for use and not for
investment. The asset must have an expected life of more than one year. The asset must be tangible in nature.
财务会计-会计英语 精品
Current liabilities: accounts payable, salaries payable, taxes payable,
Long-term liabilities: bonds payable
CLASSROOM EXERCISES
Indicate below whether each account is an assets (A), liabilities (L), or a part of owner’s equity (OE).
Kinds of liabilities: current liabilities and long-term liabilities
Assets
Definition : probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past transactions or events; economic resources owned by a business that are expected to benefit future operations.
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会计英语 ACCOUNTING
辽宁对外经贸学院外语系 李海红
UNIT ONE Financial Position and Accounting Equation
Financial position: economic resources belonging to a company and the claims (equities) against those resources at a point in time.
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1.1.2 Financial Statements
Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows Statement of Changes in Shareholders’
Equity Statement of Retained Earnings
The “filters” can be viewed as the financial process the organization goes through in producing the annual report, specifically the financial statements.
Accounting conventions are the rules and customs of accounting that help apply those economic concepts to practical situations.
Institutional context is the environment that shapes the consequences of adopting specific accounting conventions.
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Main knowledge
This chapter begins our study of accounting. It has three goals: (1) To describe what accounting is (2) To explore why it is useful (3) To introduce three dimensions critical to
制度背景是指影响采用具体的会计惯例所产生的结果 的环境。
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Financial Statement Construction Process
Organization (Entity)
Operates in its environment. Makes decisions and takes actions to make it economically better or worse
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Three Big Financial Statements
A Cash Flow Statement describes the flow of cash into and out of an organization over a period of time.
现金流量表描述了企业在会计期间现金流入和流出的 情况。
An Income Statement lists the resources acquired and consumed through an organization’s operation over a period of time.
利润表是反映企业在一段时期内从事经营活动的过程 中所获得和消耗的经济资源的情况的报表。
(1) Economic concepts
(2) Accounting conventions
(3) Institutional context
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1.1.1 Framework for understanding accounting information
Economic concepts are the ideas that guide the construction of accounting reports.
记录企业的财务历史是一个涉及获得财务数据，将这 些数据组织成一套有用的会计记录，向会计信息的使 用者定期发布财务报告这样一个连续的过程。
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1.1.1 Framework for understanding accounting information
Three things determine the information in accounting reports:
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Main knowledge
While there may not be a consensus as to whether accounting is more “bean counting” or more shady dealing, most will agree that accounting is extremely important in running an organization. 尽管人们对会计的行政是更加倾向于“数豆子” 式的活动还是秘密的交易问题可能还没有取得 一致看法
The accountant who got the job had the following interview.
President: “What’s two plus two?” Accountant: “I don’t know. What number did you
have in mind?”
basic products: financial statements. A real company’s financial statements serve as a
focal point for much of this introduction. Several examples of decisions that can be improved
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1.3 Economic Concepts
There are three main economic concepts: Financial value Wealth Economic income
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1.3.1 Financial Value
Financial value – The amount of money an item would bring if sold.
by considering accounting information are presented and discussed.
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Main knowledge
Finally, we present the foundation of the framework of economic concepts, accounting conventions, and institutional context on which we base future chapters.
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Key Terms
21.Income tax expense 所得税费用 22.Sales revenue 销售收入 23.Disclosure 披露 24.Institutional context 制度背景
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Key Terms
25.Securities and exchange commission, SEC 证券交易委员会 26.Economic concepts 经济概念 27.Inventory 存货 28.Shareholder equity 股东权益
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Key Terms
29.Economic income 经济利润 30.Investing activities 投资活动 31.Wealth 财富 32.Expenses 费用
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Key Terms
income 净利润 34.Financial accounting standards board, FASB 财务会计准则委员会 35.Operating activities 经营活动 36.Product development expense 产品开发费用
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Key Terms
1. Accounting conventions 会计惯例 2. Accounts payable 应付账款 3. Accounting valuation 会计估值 4. Accounts receivable 应收账款
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Key Terms
5. Accrued liabilities 应计负债 6. Financial value 财务价值 7. Property and equipment 不动产和设备 8. Assets 资产
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Three Big Financial Statements
A Balance Sheet is a list of resources available, resources committed, and the difference between the two.
资产负债表是一个表明可以利用的资源、承诺需要付 出的资源和这两者之间差额的清单。
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1.1 What is accounting?
Accounting is the gathering and reporting of a financial history of an organization.
Keeping this financial history is a continual process of capturing financial data, organizing it into a useful set of accounting records, and issuing periodic financial reports to users.
公认会计准则
16.Retained earnings 留存收益
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Key Terms
17.Contributed capital 投入资本 18.Income statement 利润表 19.Sales and marketing expenses 销售和营销费用 20.Cost of sales 销售成本