《听力教程》2第二版第二单元文本

Unit 2Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accenta. It’s on top of the bookcase.b. With milk, please.c. At five past one.d. At five past one.e. It’s on top of the bookcase.f. With milk, please.Exercise:1. f2. c3. e4. b5. a6. dPart 2 Listening and Note-takingRalph NaderRalph Nader is a man of few possessions. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment. He doesn't have a car or a TV set. He doesn't have many clothes and he doesn't care about money when he makes a lot of money, he gives it away. He doesn't smoke and he works from six in the morning until late at night, seven days a week: he is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.When he went to parties as a young man, people complained that all he talked about was the dangers of cars, and how bad car design caused the deaths of so many people each year. After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled "Unsafe at Any Speed," which was about a car called Corvair. Later, he made a big attack on the car industry and showed how many deaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer. In 1966, because of Nader's work, a law was passed to make car safer.After this success, Nader became interested in something very different. This was the quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods like sausages and hamburgers. A year later, in 1967, again because of Nader's work, a law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers contained the right amount of meat. In 1968, three more laws were passed because of Nader's efforts. The first was to ensure the safety of gas pipelines -- these are the pipes that take gas across the country from one town to another. The second was to protect people from radiation --that is, the dangerous radiation which may leak from nuclear sources. The third was to ensure the proper standard of poultry -- that is, the chicken and turkey meat.Ralph Nader, now one of the most influential people in the United States, has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise A:1. Ralph Nader is a man of few p ossessions.2. He is paying back to America his debt as a citizen.3. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer.4. A law was passed to ensure that products like sausages and hamburgers containedthe right amount of meat.5. Ralph Nader has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women cando to improve the quality of life in their country.Exercise B:Ralph NaderI.Ralph Nader, a man of few possessionsA. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment.B. He doesn't have a car or a TV set.C. He doesn't have many clothes.D. He doesn't care about money.II. His early efforts to make car saferA.He talked about the dangers of car, and how bad car design caused the deaths ofso many people each year at parties.B.After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled "Unsafe at Anyspeed.ter, he made a big attack on the car industry and showed how many deaths incar accidents were because of badly-made cars.D. In 1966, because of Nader's work, a law was passed to make car safer.IIIHis interests in something very differentA. The quality of meat and the amount of meat that is put into foods like sausagesand hamburgersB. In 1968, three more laws were passed because of Nader's efforts.a. The first was to ensure the safety of gas pipelines.b. The second was to protect people from radiation.c. The third was to ensure the proper standard of poultry.IV. Ralph Nader. one of the most influential people in the United StatesA. He has set a wonderful example of what determined men and women can do to improve the quality of life in their country.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1Give Them Time to Get to Know Y ouFather: Well, whose fault do you think it is, then?Daughter: I don't know.Father: It couldn't be yours?Daughter: What? That I feel lonely because I haven't any friends there?Father: No, that you haven't got any friends.Daughter: But I've told you! They're not very friendly there. They never talkto me! They just leave me alone.Father: But why?Daughter: How should I know?Father: Isn't it possible it's because you're not very friendly towards them? Daughter: What do you mean?Father: Have you talked to them? Have you tried to make conversation? Daughter: I've told you! They're not interested in talking to me.Father: How do you know?Daughter: Because ... for example ... at lunch time, they all sit together in v groups!Father: Y es, but why don't you sit with one of the groups?Daughter: Don't be silly. I couldn't. It would be awful!Facher: why?Daughter: It just would. That's all.Father: How do you know?Daughter: I just do!Father: Well, you'll never make friends if you don't try, will you? I mean, you've got to meet them, too, at least half way.Daughter: It just wouldn't work!Father: Y ou know what I think. I think you're just saying that because you're impatient.Daughter: Impatient? Me?Father: Y es, impatient. Y ou always have been, ever since you were a child.If you don't get what you want immediately, you get depressed andyou give up too easily!Daughter: Look, if you came with me some morning, you'd understand ... Father: Y ou've only been there for four weeks. These things take time. Daughter: I know, but I still feel ...Father: Listen, give them time to get to know you ... and give yourself time get to know them, and things will change. Believe me!1.T2.T3.F4.T5.T6.TDialogue 2 GesturesNumber 1Woman: Y ou know, a "nod" -- moving your head up and down -- means “yes” in most places, but not eve rywhere. Did you know that inGreece a nod means "no"?Man: It means "no" in Greece? I'm surprised.Number 2Man: I didn't know "raised eyebrows" means "yes" in Tonga. It means something very different in Peru.Woman: Y eah? What does it mean there?Man: Money. "Raised eyebrows" is a gesture for money in Peru. Woman: Hmm.Number 3Woman: Um, Alberto, you said that "tapping your head" means "I'mthinking" in Argentina.Man: That's right.Woman: Y ou'd better be careful about using that gesture here in Canada. It means someone is crazy.Man: Oh, it means "crazy" in Canada? I didn't know that. I'll be careful. Number 4Man: Y ou know, it's interesting that in the Netherlands, "tapping your elbow" means you can't depend on someone. In Colombia, they usethe same gesture, but it has a different meaning.Woman: What does it mean in Colombia?Man: Well, it means someone is cheap. That person doesn't like to spend money.Woman: Oh.Number 5Woman: Here's an interesting one. Y ou know how "circling your head"means that a person's crazy?Man: Y eah.Woman: Guess what it means in the Netherlands.Man: The Netherlands? I have no idea.Woman: It means someone is calling on the telephone. Y ou know, like dialing a phone.Man: That's interesting.Number 6Man: So "flicking your chin" means "go away" in Italy, right Woman: Y es.Man: Guess what it means in Brazil.Woman: In Brazil? I don't know.Man: That's right.Woman: Huh?Man: In Brazil, "flicking your chin" means "I don't know."Woman: "I don't know" is the meaning?Man: Right.Number 7Woman: Well, everything is "thumbs up" for my trip to Nigeria. I've never been to Africa before. I'm really looking forward to it.Man: Ah, you'd better be careful with that expression in Nigeria. Woman: Huh?Man: Thumbs up. In Nigeria, it means ... um ... well, it has a very bad meaning. Don't use that gesture. It will get you into a lot of trouble. Woman: Oh, thanks for telling me.Number 8Man: Y ou said "tossing your head" means "come here" for Germans? Woman: That's right. But there axe some other meanings. In India, it means "yes." But it has the opposite meaning in Italy. In Italy itmeans "no."Man: Hmm, "yes" in India, "no" in Italy. Isn't it interesting how the same thing can have suchdifferent meanings?Why Shouldn't you Go by First Impressions?One shouldn't always go by* first impressions. In my hometown there lived a giant of a man with huge hands and a manner so fierce and unfriendly that he always sat alone in any public place. Y et to those who knew him, he was a kind and generous friend. In the same way one should never assume* that somebody who looks inoffensive is always going to behave in an inoffensive manner.Recently my young brother, who works for a famous American airline, was reminded of this truth. The plane was overbooked and for once all the passengers turned up. So my brother had thedifficult task of choosing three passengers and informing them that they couldn't travel on the flight in question*.question*.Knowing that the young are generally impatient and often aggressive, my brother chose three elderly travellers, an English couple and a little old American lady.The English couple accepted the situation and went to have a drink while waiting for the next flight. Then my brother approached the American lady, whose name was Mrs Pepper, with a sad smile on his face, "Mrs Pepper? May I have a few words? I'm afraid we have a problem.""A problem? What de you mean, we have a problem, young man?"“Would you like to come into the office” asked my brother, sensing that this was not going to be easy."Oh, very well, but only for a moment. I have a plane to catch, you know.""Er ... yes." My brother explained the position.The little lady looked at him with steely, blue eyes. "Y oung man," she said. "I don't believe you are aware that you are talking to Mrs Katherine Pepper, widow of General Arnold Pepper, of the United States Army Air Force and I'd like to inform you, further, that the President of your airline was a personal friend of the General's. In the circumstances I'd advise you to sort this out* right away, otherwise you're going to be in a lot of trouble. Do I make myself clear?" Exercise A:Appearances are often deceptive. In this passage, the two examples tell us the reason why we shouldn't go by first impressions.Exercise B:I.C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B Exercise C:1. To those who knew him, he was a kind and generous friend.2. Recently the narrator's brother, who works for a famous American airline,remembered the truth that the plane was overbooked and for once all the passengers turned up. So he had the difficult task of choosing three passengers and informing them that they couldn't travel on the flight in question.3. The narrator's brother chose three elderly travellers, an English couple and alittle old American lady.4. The English couple accepted the situation and went to have a drink whilewaiting for the next flight.5. The little old American lady advised the young man to sort out the problem right away,otherwise he would be in a lot of trouble.Part 3 NewsNews Item 1The simultaneous bombings of th ree underground trains and a double-decker bus in London three years ago are imprinted on the minds of many people in Britain.But our memories of the attacks are unreliable, according to a study from Portsmouth University. 40%of British students questioned about the events remembered seeing CCTV footage of the bus bomb —footage which never existed. A further 28% claimed to have seen a non-existent computerized reconstruction.Some even recalled specific details of the attacks, which none of themwitnessed.“Memories are not like videotape you can rewind and replay for perfect recall,”said lead researcher James Ost, “because of this, they are not reliable enough to form the basis of legal decisions.”A: This news item is about the false memories that British people have about the attacks happened in London three years ago.News Item 2China begins three days of mourning for earthquake victims in Sichuan province, with a three-minute silence and half-mast flags.For three minutes a collective wail* was heard across the town of Beichuan as air raid sirens* and car horns sounded the exact time when the earthquake hit China one week ago. Workers here laid wreaths* outside the town's school. At 2:28 in th e afternoon, last Monday, it was engulfed* in a landslide*, hundreds of children diedT o the side of the mourners, bodies lay waiting to be buried. Rescue work. now resumed and two women were found alive here this morning, but these glimmers* of hope are increasingly rare. The aftershocks* continue.A: This news item is about the mourning for earthquake victims in Sichuan, China.B: 1. The Chinese people mourned the earthquake victims with three-minutesilence and half-mast flags.2. At 2:28 p.m., last Monday.3. Hundreds of children were killed in a landslide.4. The hope of finding more people alive were increasingly rare.5. No, aftershocks continued.News Item 3Indonesia is expected to announce stronger security measures Wednesdayafter a deadly bombing in Jakarta*. At least 13 people were killed when a car bomb exploded near a hotel. 149 people were injured. The hotel is operated by a United States company. The governor of Jakarta said it was very likely that the bomber was killed in the attack. Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri visited the damaged hotel. Buildings nearby also were damaged. The explosion comes 2 days before an Indonesian court decides the first case connected to the deadly bombings last year in Bali*. Those attacks killed 202 people.Exercise A:This news item is about the 2nd serious bombing that took place in Indonesia within 2 years,Exercise B:1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. TSection three Oral W orkRetellingAs Susan and her daughter Jenny walked around the park they were hounded by beggars. The girl was shocked when she saw a skeletal young beggar woman wrapped in a gray shawl*. Her eyes were sunken* and she held out a bony hand like she was receiving communion, As she did, her shawl fell away revealing a young child standing under it. Jenny just started throwing her money into that bony hand. Susan grabbed her before she could start taking off her jewelry, and the mother decided to have a talk with her about the beggars when they got back to the hotel.They boarded the return bus. They were stopped at a red light when Jenny stood straight up and screamed, "Mother? Susan went to her window and she pointed to a taxi next to the bus. There, in air conditioned comfort, sat the beggar woman with her child next to her, eating an ice cream cone.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPassage 1College Costs in the U.S.A new report says the cost of studies at public colleges in the United States increased 14 percent this year. This is the biggest increase in tuition* in 30 years. But the study also found that the average student pays a lot less than the published costs of a college education, because of grants*. And it points out that American students received a record amount of financial aid last year.Students do not have to repay grants, unlike financial aid in the form of loans. About half of American college students receive grants. This means that education costs differ from student to student.The report is from the College Board. This is a non-profit membership group of schools and other educational organizations. One of its best-known jobs is to administer* college entrance tests.The College Board says tuition at two-year public colleges rose at the same rate as four-years schools.The College Board says the increases were mainly caused by cuts in statespending on education. But a congressman says colleges have increased their prices in both good and bad economic times.John Baehner [pronounced bay-ner] of Ohio is chairman of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. He says colleges do not want to talk about their decisions to spend money to build things like rock-climbing walls.The College Board collected information from 4,000 colleges and universities. It says the average total charge for students who live at a public college in their state is 10,600 dollars. While tuition rose 14 percent this year, housing and other costs increased at a lower rate.At a private college, total charges are almost 27,000 dollars. That is an increase of about six percent over last year.David Ward is president of the American Council on Education. His group represents colleges and universities. Mister Ward called the College Board findings bad news. But he says percentage increases in tuition do not tell the whole story. He says there was good news about grants and otherstudent aid.The College Board says financial aid for the last school year reached 105,000 million dollars. That amount was up sharply from the year before. Exercise A:1. Because of grants, the average student pays a lot less than the published costs of a college education.2. Two forms of financial aid for the students are grants and loans.3. When students receive loans, they have to repay them later.4. The increases in tuition are mainly caused by cuts in state spending on education.5. The total charge for the students who live at a college includes tuition, housing and other costs.Exercise B:l. This year the cost of studies at public colleges in the United States increased 14 percent.2. The average total charge for students who live at a public college in their state is 10.600 dollars.While at a private college, total charges are almost 27.000 dollars.3. The above information is collected from4.000 colleges and universities.4. It is said that this year's increase in the cost of studies is the biggest one in 30 years.5. American students received a record amount of financial aid last year, which reached 105.000 million dollars~Exercise C:Y our opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics."The cost of studies at public colleges in the United States bas increased this year and at the private colleges, the tuition has also increased."1．If you are going to study in the United States, which college would you prefer,a public college or a private college? Why?2. How will you attempt to cope with the high tuition and living cost?Passage 2 My GrandfatherI opened the door. My grandfather was in the front room. He was wearing the ceremonial beaded deerskin shirt which had belonged to his grandfather. "Welcome back," he said.I embraced my parents warmly, letting go only when I saw my cousin Roger sprawled on the couch. His eyes were red and swollen. He'd lost weight. His feet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters, and he was moaning, "I made it, see. I'm a warrior."My grandfather looked at me strangely. I was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy. My parents got the message. My uncle and aunt gazed at me with hostility.Finally my grandfather asked, "What did you eat to keep you so well?" I sucked in my breath and blurted* out the truth: "Hamburgers and milk shakes.""Hamburgers!" my grandfather growled*."Milk shakes!" Roger moaned."Y ou didn't say we had to eat grasshoppers," I said sheepishly."Tell us about your Ta-Na-E-Ka," my grandfather commanded.I told them everything, from borrowing the five dollars, to Ernie's kindness, to observing the beaver."That's not what I trained you for," my grandfather said sadly.I stood up. "Grandfather, I learned that Ta-Na-E-Ka is important. I didn't think so during training. I was scared stiff of it. I handled it my way. There's no reason in 1947 to eat grasshoppers when you can eat a hamburger."I was inwardly shocked at my own audacity*. "Grandfather, I'll bet you never ate one of those rotten berries yourself."Grandfather laughed!"Those berries —they are terrible." Grandfather admitted. "I could IT swallow them. I found a dead deer on the first day of my Ta-Na-E-Ka —shot by a soldier, probably — and he kept my belly full for the entire period of the test!"My grandfather called me to Roger. "Y ou should have done what your cousin did. But I think you are more alert to what is happening to our people today than we are. I think you would have passed the test under any circumstances, in any time. Somehow, you know how to exist in a world that wasn't made for Indians. I don’t think you're going to have any trouble surviving."A:Ta-Na-E-Ka is an endurance ritual. It is a series of difficult activities that help children prove they can be strong adults. The actual ceremony varies from tribe to tribe, but since the Indian's life on the plains is dedicated to survival, T a-Na-E-Ka i s a test of su rvi v al an d en du ran ce i s th e l of ti est vi rtu e of th e Indi an.B: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.B 7. B 8.DC: 1. Her grandfather was in the front room.2. He sprawled on the couch with red and swollen eyes. He lost weight, his feet being an unsightly mass of blood blisters. He was moaning.3. She was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy.4. At that time, he found a dead deer on the first day of his Ta-Na-E-Ka. This deer might have been shot by a soldier, and it kept her grandfather's belly full for the entire period of the test.5. The writer's grandfather told her that she should have done what her cousin did, but he thought she was more alert to what was happening to the people today than they were. He thought she would have passed the test under any circumstances, in any time. Somehow, she knew how to exist in a world that wasn't made for Indians. He didn't think she was going to have any trouble surviving.。