虚拟语气口诀与总结

虚拟语气总结

（1）一种定语从句：It’s time that+did

（2）两种目的状语从句：

so that/in order that+ can/may/could/might +do

in case\lest\for fear(以防) that+should do

（3）三种随时变化句：

①wish 现在→did/were

if only ＋过去→had done

as if/though 将来→could/would do

②would rather＋/将来→did/were

过去→had done

③现在：if+did/were, would+ do

过去：if+had done, would+ have done

将来：did

if+ were to do, would+ do

should do

注意：除了由if引导的虚拟条件句外，还有倒装条件句，即把were、had或should提前；混合时间句，虚实错综句，以及含蓄条件句，即由or, otherwise, with, without, but for来引导的。

（4）四种名词性从句：

①当表语是important, natural, necessary, possible, strange, arranged, decided, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, surprising, a pity, no woder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。例：

It’s important that we (should) help each other.

②动词一坚持(insist)，两命令(command, order)，三建议(advise, propose, suggest)，四要求(ask, demand, request, require)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。例：

He insisted that he (should) be sent to the West.

注：insist(坚持说), suggest(暗示，表明)时，从句应用陈述语气。如：

Her pale face suggested that she was ill.

1). Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed before 9 o’olock.

对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）

2). His suggestion that Tony (should) be invited to the party was refused.（同位语从句）

对比：His words suggested that he was very angry with me.（不是建议、要求、命令

③idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。例：

My suggestion is that we (should) hold a class meeting.

④idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例：

The office gave an order that his soldiers fight back bravely.

If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）1). I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to contract others.

If +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have

done（用来表示对过去情况的假设）

1). If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.

If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+ do

were to do

should do （用来表示对将来情况的假设）

1). If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you.

虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should, had，

可省略if, 把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。

1). Should he act like that again, he would be fined. If he should act like that again, he would be fined。

Were he to act like that again, he would be fined. If he were to act like that again, he would be fined.

If he acted like that again, he would be fined.（不可以倒装）

2). Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have been saved.

If the doctor had come in time last night, the boy would have been saved.

3). If I had time now, I would go to the film with you. （不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词）

But for….--> If it were not for…../ If it hadn’t been for

1). But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved.

If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers on board……

2). But for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.

If it were not for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.