社会方言-语言学
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Dialect:
It is a variety of a language, spoken in one part of a country, or by people belonging to a particular social class, which is different in some words, grammar, and/or pronunciation from other forms of the same language.
Education: Lower: Them boys throwed somethin’ Higher: The boys throwed something.
wenku.baidu.com
Social class:
Labov(1972) 1. Saks (high status) 2. Macy’s (middle status) 3. Klein’s (low status ) the higher the socio-economic status, the more [r] sounds, The lower the socio-economic status, The fewer [r] sounds were produced.
Uriah Heep(in David Copperfield)
‘I am wll aware that I am the umblest person going’, said Uriah Heep, modestly;‘…My mother is likewise a very umble person. We live in a numble abode, Master Copperfield, but we have much to be thankful for. My father’s former calling was umble.
如，标准意大利语相对于托斯卡纳语来说是一种地域 方言。但作为意大利民族的语言，它也是社会方言， 因为它被作为通用语在全国的广播，新闻媒体和上流 社会中被使用。
So the difference in a single consonant could mark higher versus lowah social class .
That was in New York.
Trudgill(1974)
• He found that the same variable (i.e.[r] after a vowel) had the opposite social value. • Upper middle class speakers in that area tended to pronounce fewer [r] sounds than lower working class speakers.
Social dialect
Or sociolect, is a variety of a language (a dialect) used by people belonging to a particular social class.
The speakers of a sociolect usually share a similar socioeconomic and/or educational background. Sociolects may be classed as high(in status) or low( in status). The study of social dialects concerns a variety of social parameters Such as Social class and education Age and gender Ethnic background
方言（dialect）是语言的变体 根据性质，方言可分地域方言和社会方言， 地域方言是语言因地域方面的差别而形成的变体，是全方言民语言的不同地域上 的分支，是语言发展不平衡性而在地域上的反映。 社会方言是同一地域的社会成员因为在阶层、文化教养、年龄、性别、职业等方 面的社会差异而形成不同的社会变体。
Isn’t that mahvellous dahling! Isn’t that marvellous darling!
walking / going Sittin’ / drinkin’
[h]-droppping Ouse-house Charles Dickens, Writing in the middle of the nineteenth-century. It was one way of marking a character’s lower status ello-hello (lower social class and less education)
Social dialect
• • • • • • social class and education Age and gender Ethnic background Idiolect Style, register and jargon Diglossia
Two obvious factors in the investigation of social dialect are social class and education
It is a variety of a language, spoken in one part of a country, or by people belonging to a particular social class, which is different in some words, grammar, and/or pronunciation from other forms of the same language.
Education: Lower: Them boys throwed somethin’ Higher: The boys throwed something.
wenku.baidu.com
Social class:
Labov(1972) 1. Saks (high status) 2. Macy’s (middle status) 3. Klein’s (low status ) the higher the socio-economic status, the more [r] sounds, The lower the socio-economic status, The fewer [r] sounds were produced.
Uriah Heep(in David Copperfield)
‘I am wll aware that I am the umblest person going’, said Uriah Heep, modestly;‘…My mother is likewise a very umble person. We live in a numble abode, Master Copperfield, but we have much to be thankful for. My father’s former calling was umble.
如，标准意大利语相对于托斯卡纳语来说是一种地域 方言。但作为意大利民族的语言，它也是社会方言， 因为它被作为通用语在全国的广播，新闻媒体和上流 社会中被使用。
So the difference in a single consonant could mark higher versus lowah social class .
That was in New York.
Trudgill(1974)
• He found that the same variable (i.e.[r] after a vowel) had the opposite social value. • Upper middle class speakers in that area tended to pronounce fewer [r] sounds than lower working class speakers.
Social dialect
Or sociolect, is a variety of a language (a dialect) used by people belonging to a particular social class.
The speakers of a sociolect usually share a similar socioeconomic and/or educational background. Sociolects may be classed as high(in status) or low( in status). The study of social dialects concerns a variety of social parameters Such as Social class and education Age and gender Ethnic background
方言（dialect）是语言的变体 根据性质，方言可分地域方言和社会方言， 地域方言是语言因地域方面的差别而形成的变体，是全方言民语言的不同地域上 的分支，是语言发展不平衡性而在地域上的反映。 社会方言是同一地域的社会成员因为在阶层、文化教养、年龄、性别、职业等方 面的社会差异而形成不同的社会变体。
Isn’t that mahvellous dahling! Isn’t that marvellous darling!
walking / going Sittin’ / drinkin’
[h]-droppping Ouse-house Charles Dickens, Writing in the middle of the nineteenth-century. It was one way of marking a character’s lower status ello-hello (lower social class and less education)
Social dialect
• • • • • • social class and education Age and gender Ethnic background Idiolect Style, register and jargon Diglossia
Two obvious factors in the investigation of social dialect are social class and education