湖南师范大学956心理测量考研真题及答案

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湖南师范大学心理学专业2019-2020学年测量心理学习题

湖南师范大学心理学专业2019-2020学年测量心理学习题单选题1~1231．下列对测量的描述，正确的是( )。

[单选题] *A．测量就是心理测量B. 就是依据一定的法则用数字对事物加以确定(正确答案)C．就是用数字来描述事物的法则D．测量就是用一些题目或数字来描述事物的属性* 2．参照点就是确定事物的量时，计算的( )。

[单选题]A．起点(正确答案)B．中点C. 终点D．重点3．用1代表男，用2代表女等等，这样的量表通常叫( )量表。

[单选题] * A．命名(正确答案)B．顺序C．等距D．等比4．我们通常将学生的考试结果按名次排队，这些名次属于( )变量。

[单选题] * A. 命名B．顺序(正确答案)C．等距D．等比5．在顺序量表中，变量具有( )。

[单选题] *A．相等单位B．绝对零点C．等级(正确答案)D．可以做加、减、乘、除运算* 6．0℃并不意味着没有温度，这种说法( )。

[单选题]A．错B．不确定C．对(正确答案)D．不存在* 7．其数值可以进行加、减、乘、除运算的量表是( )。

[单选题]A．命名变量B．顺序变量C．等距变量D．等比变量(正确答案)* 8．一般来说，心理测量是在( )变量上进行的。

[单选题]A．命名B．顺序(正确答案)C．等距D．等比9．下列说法中正确的是( )。

[单选题] *A．将具有代表性行为构成的项目集，对代表性人群进行测试，标准化后的数量化系统B．用标准化测验或量表，在标准情境下，对人的外显行为进行观察，并将结果按照数量或类别加以描述的过程C．对心理的某方面品质，采用多种手段进行系统地观察和综合评价D．心理测验，就是依据心理学理论，使用一定的操作程序，通过观察人的少数有代表性的行为，对于贯穿在人的全部行为活动中的心理特点做出推论和数量化分析的一种科学手段(正确答案)* 10．测验的客观性不包括( )的客观性。

[单选题]A．测验的刺激B．对反应的量化C．绝对的标准(正确答案)D．对结果的推论11．错误的测验观不包括( )。

湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库及答案

Chapter 1 (答案D D C A C A D B C A \ F T F F T F F T T F)1) Psychology is best defined as the scientific study ofA) the mind and consciousness.B) the mental processes of individuals.C) mental disorders and abnormal（反常的）behavior.D) the behavior of individuals(个别的) and their mental processes.2) The first task in psychology is to make accurate observations（观察）about behavior. This means that psychologists must first ________ behavior.A) predict B) explain C) control D) describe3) When drawing conclusions（结论）about behavior, psychologists rely onA) their own personal beliefs. B) what is known as "common sense（常识）."C) objectively collected information. D) their everyday observations of people.4) In order to investigate behavior, researchers may use different levels of analysis. Which of the following research questions exemplifies（例子）the broadest, most global level of analysis?A) What are the origins of prejudice?B) Are there gender differences in prejudice?C) Are there differences in how various racial groups express prejudice?D) What is the role of early childhood experiences in the formation of prejudice?5) In 1908, Hermann Ebbinghaus （艾宾浩斯）wrote that "Psychology has a long past, but only a short history." Which statement best captures（描述）the idea that Ebbinghaus was expressing （表达）?A) Psychologists, like philosophers, have difficulty learning from their mistakes.B) Questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer them been developed.C) The field of psychology has existed for a long time, but only recently have scholars begun to record the accomplishments（造诣）of the profession.D) Although psychologists have been doing laboratory research for hundreds of years, little of substance（实质）has been discovered about human nature.6) Which statement most closely characterizes （是……的特征）the current （流行）view of most psychologists toward the study of behavior?AA) Psychologists borrow and blend from（混合）different perspectives（观点）.B) Psychologists tend to agree that the most productive approach is the biological perspective.C) Psychologists take the approach that complex behavior can be reduced to patterns of simple behavior.D) Although psychologists differ in their basic approach, all agree on the questions to be askedand how they should be studied.7) A psychologist who explains a rapist's(强奸犯) behavior in terms of the rapist's displaced hostility（敌意）toward his mother is most likely to prefer the __D______ perspective.A) cognitive B) humanistic（人本主义）C) evolutionary D) psychodynamic（精神动力）8) Psychologists who take the behaviorist approach seek to BA) illustrate解释the innate天生的品质goodness of humans.B) understand how environmental stimuli（刺激）control behavior.C) validate the importance of thought processes in human behavior.D) demonstrate the importance of unresolved conflicts and inner forces.9) A teacher wants to see whether smiling at children if they raise their hands when she asks aquestion increases the likelihood （可能性）that children will volunteer answers. From the behaviorist perspective, the antecedent environmental condition is ________ and the consequence is ________.CA) smiling; raising of hand B) raising of hand; smilingC) asking a question; smiling D) raising of hand; asking a question10) The humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to AA) the capacity of humans to make choices.B) breaking down complex behavior into elementary units of behavior.C) how environmental forces come to control the individual's behavior.D) the powerful instinctual tendencies that dominate people's actions.II True or False F T F F T F F T T F1) Psychologists are trained to describe behavior from their own subjective（主观的）point of view, making sure to include their own biases（偏见）and expectations in their observations.2) With respect to the goals of psychology, descriptions must stick to perceivable（可知觉的）information, whereas（但是）explanations deliberately（谨慎的）go beyond what can be observed.3) Psychologists believe that behavior should only be studied in a controlled research laboratory.4) In 1879, B. F. Skinner founded the first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology.5) In Freud's（弗洛伊德）view, human nature is not always rational（理智的）, and behavior may be driven by motives（动机）that are not in conscious awareness.6) According to the humanistic perspective, people are driven by powerful, instinctive（本能）forces, manipulated by their environments, and are incapable of making choices and decisions concerning their lives.7) In the view of psychologists who follow the cognitive perspective, behavior is completely determined（坚定的）by preceding environmental events and past behavioral consequences.8) Simply stated, the idea behind natural selection is that organisms （有机体）that are better suited to their environments tend to produce offspring（后代）more successfully than those organisms with poorer adaptations.9) Brain imaging techniques（脑成像技术）have led to dramatic breakthroughs in the field of cognitive neuroscience（神经科学）.10) Clinical psychologists apply the insights of researchers, but are not trained to do research themselves.Chapter 21) In what ways are theories and hypotheses（臆测）interrelated?A) Hypotheses are more important than theories.B) Theories are more important than hypotheses.C) When a hypothesis derived from a theory is not validated, the theory must be modified.D) Theories are not of fundamental importance in generating new hypotheses, except when a theory has been proven.Answer: C2) When psychological researchers are ready to put their hypotheses to the test, they rely onA) intuition. B) the scientific method.C) common sense. D) subjective judgments.Answer: B3) There is a joke among scientists about a researcher who tells others that he belongs to a secret scientific society, where no one but the researcher will ever know about the studies members are doing. This joke is humorous because it violates（违反）the principle（原则）ofA) determinism. B) control groups. C) open-mindedness. D) public verifiability.Answer: D4) A research assistant who is working in a psychologist's laboratory learns the importance of keeping complete records of observations and data analyses. Such procedures（程序）are followed in order toA) increase objectivity.（增大客观性）B) increase subjectivity.C) increase observer bias.D) prevent other researchers from replicating a study.Answer: A5) An "observer bias" isA) an "educated guess" about what will happen.B) the direct result of the context of discovery.C) the direct result of the context of justification.D) an error due to personal motives and expectations.Answer: D6) If a researcher defines variables（变量）or conditions in terms of the specific（明确的）procedures used to determine their presence, he or she is using a(n) ________ definition.A) biased B) confounded C) operational D) hypotheticalAnswer: C7) A placebo effect （安慰剂效应）occurs whenA) an experimenter finds what he or she expected to discover.B) participants have not been randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions.C) participants change their behavior because of their belief that a treatment has an effect.D) both participants and experimental assistants are unaware of which participants get which treatment.Answer: C8) When neither research participants nor research assistants are aware of which participants receive which treatment, researchers have employed aA) placebo control. B) between-subjects design.C) single-blind control technique. D) double-blind control technique.（双盲控制技术）Answer: D9) When planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participants, fifty will have to be randomly （随便的）assigned to the experimental condition and the other fifty to the control condition. The type of experimental design you are using is known as a ________ design.A) placebo control B) single-subject C) within-subjects D) between-subjectsAnswer: D10) Which of the following is true of the within-subjects （被试内设计）experimental design?A) It is a type of between-subjects design.B) There are no comparison conditions in this design.C) There are two experimental groups and one control group.D) Each participant serves in all conditions of the experiment.Answer: D11) A researcher is interested in the relationship between brain damage and the ability of humans to plan their behavior. Which type of research design would be most appropriate（合适的）for the researcher to use?A) placebo control B) experimental C) correlational（相关）D) within-subjectsAnswer: C12) Imagine that your instructor asks you to determine whether there is a relationship betweenmusical ability and mathematical ability. The type of design best suited to this task would be a(n)A) experiment. B) case study.C) correlational study（相关研究）. D) naturalistic observation.Answer: C13) With respect to psychological measurement, when data are consistent or dependable they are referred to as________, whereas the term ________ means that the information that is produced accurately measures the variable or quality that it is intended to measure.A) valid; reliable B) reliable（信度）; valid（效度）C) consistent; reliable D) reliable or valid; consistentAnswer: B14) Which of the following is true of the within-subjects experimental design?A) It is a type of between-subjects design.B) There are no comparison conditions in this design.C) There are two experimental groups and one control group.D) Each participant serves in all conditions of the experiment.Answer: D15) A teacher is trying to see whether smiling at her students will increase the number of questions they ask. In the first and third week of the study, the number of questions students ask is recorded. In the second week, the teacher smiles a lot at her students, and the number of questions is also recorded. What type of research design is being used?A) within-subjects B) correlational C) placebo control(1.安慰剂控制法) D) between-subjectsAnswer: A16) A researcher who is interested in documenting the relationship between internal （内部的）psychological states such as a person’s motivation to succeed a nd his or her feelings ofself-confidence would most likely use a ________measure.A) behavioral B) self-report（自我报告）C) physiological D) naturalistic observationalAnswer: B17) Suppose an elementary school teacher is interested in measuring the amount of time a young student in her class is working productively（有效果的）versus chatting with classmates. It would be most appropriate for the teacher to use aA) questionnaire.（问卷法）B) behavioral measure.C) a self-report measure. D) a face-to-face interview.Answer: B18) Suppose you were interested in the kinds of movies your friends like to watch. You develop a simple questionnaire that asks them about their attitudes toward different film genres（风格）and then you also record which films they actually attend. The measurement technique you are using is best described asA) self-report measures.B) behavioral observations.C) naturalistic observations.D) a combination of self-report and behavioral observations.Answer: D19) A clinical psychologist is working with the Federal Bureau of Investigation(1.（美国）联邦调查局)（FBI）to develop an understanding of serial killers. She decides to focus her attention and measurements on a particularly brutal murderer who is serving a life sentence. Her approach is referred to as aA) case study. B) representative sample.C) within-subjects design. D) naturalistic observation.Answer: A20) Imagine that you have agreed to participate in psychological research. Prior（先验的）to the study, you will be given information about what you can expect and other details of the research, and asked to sign a form indicating（指示）your willingness to participate. This process is known asA) debriefing. B) informed consent.（知情同意）C) risk/gain assessment. D) intentional deception.Answer: BII True or False1) A theory is defined as an organized set of concepts（概念）that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena.Answer: TRUE2) In order to minimize(.把…减至最低数量[程度]) the potential（潜在的）for bias, researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.（不可能做到）Answer: FALSE3) In an experiment, researchers manipulate（熟练操作）the dependent variable （因变量）and measure the independent variable.Answer: FALSE4) A double-blind control is an experimental technique in which biased expectations are eliminated by only telling the experimental assistants which participants have received which treatment.Answer: FALSE5) In a within-subjects research design, different groups of participants are randomly（随便的）assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.Answer: FALSE6) The entire（全部）set of individuals to which generalizations will be made based on an experimental sample is called the population（总体）.Answer: TRUE7) The primary purpose of using correlational methods is to establish cause and effect relationships.（因果研究才是）Answer: FALSE8) If two variables are completely unrelated to each other, they will yield a correlation coefficient （系数）of zero.Answer: TRUE9) Questionnaires and surveys are examples of self-report measures.Answer: TRUEChapter 31) 1) Nature is to nurture （教养）as heredity（遗传）is toA) evolution. B) aggression. C) environment. D) natural selection.Answer: C2) A prisoner is violent and hostile, although he wasn't always this way. His therapist believes that the environment the prisoner was raised in brought about his aggressive tendencies. The therapist (咨询师)is espousing the view that behavior is primarily influenced byA) nature. B) biology. C) nurture. D) heredity.Answer: C3) In evolutionary terms, an individual's success is measured by theA) amount of territory one controls. B) degree of comfort an individual attains.C) number of offspring an individual produces. D) level of intelligence an individual acquires.Answer: C4) Members of a species who posses the range of physical and psychological attributes best adapted to the environment are most likely to survive. This concept is known asA) natural selection. B) genotypical structure.C) phenotypical structure. D) survival of the fittest.Answer: D5) As you enter the crowded room, you catch a glimpse of your friend's dark hair and slim frame.What you are noticing most directly are aspects of your friend'sA) genotype. B) phenotype(1.表现型).C) adaptations. D) selective advantage.Answer: B6) In the vocabulary of evolutionary theory, you have inherited ________ from your parents.A) a genotype B) a phenotypeC) a behavioral repertory D) your outward appearanceAnswer: A7) You are hastily (1.匆忙地,仓促地)jotting notes for a quiz on basic genetics. Luckily, a friend notices that you have incorrectly written thatA) DNA contains 46 chromosomes(1.【医】同原染色体).B) genes are located on chromosomes.C) DNA is located in the nucleus of each cell.D) DNA contains instructions for the production of proteins.Answer: A8) Sex chromosomesA) contain 23 pairs of genes.B) are identical for males and females.C) bring about the union of a sperm and an egg.D) code the development of male or female physical characteristics.Answer: D9) In the human male, the sex chromosomes normally consist of a(n) ________ pair; in the humanfemale they consist of a(n) ________ pair.A) XY; XX B) XX; XX C) YY; XX D) XX; YYAnswer: A10) The goal of the Human Genome Project(1.【医】基因组(测序)计划) is toA) identify all of the human genes.B) verify Darwin's theory of natural selection.C) show research support for the major events in human evolution.D) build human-like robots or cyborgs.Answer: A11) A girl has two older brothers and a stepsister(1.(继父与其前妻或继母与其前夫所生的)姐姐; 妹妹). You can best guess thatA) her brothers will be genetically identical.B) she has the exact same genetic makeup as her brothers.C) she has about 50% of her genes in common with her brothers.D) genetically she will be more like her stepsister than like her brothers.Answer: C12) Imagine traveling back in time to the seventeenth century. A French philosopher by the name of Descartes(1.笛卡尔(法国哲学家、数学家,1596-1650)) has proposed the radical idea thatA) all animals have spirits.B) the human body is an "animal machine".C) humans are no more intelligent than animals.D) human action cannot be understood by using scientific means.Answer: B13) Broca's area in the brain is most closely associated withA) memory. B) emotion.C) language. D) physical movement.Answer: C14) The nervous(1.神经系统的) system is subdivided into two major divisions: What are they?A) somatic and autonomic B) peripheral and somaticC) central and peripheral D) sympathetic and parasympatheticAnswer: C15) You are working with a friend to develop flash cards to help you with your study of brain structures and their functions. Your friend remembers correctly that the ________ is involved primarily in autonomic processes such as heart rate and breathing, and you remember that the________ is involved in motivation, emotion and memory processes.A) cerebrum(1.<解>大脑); cerebral cortex(1.大脑皮层) B) brain stem(1.脑干); limbic system(1.（大脑）边缘系统)C) limbic system; brain stem D) cerebral cortex; brain stemAnswer: B16) The limbic system includes theA) medulla(1.(拉丁语)骨髓), hippocampus(2.海马回) and pons. B) hypothalamus, cerebrum(1.<解>大脑) and cerebellum(1.小脑).C) hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala(1.[解]扁桃体). D) reticular formation, amygdala and thalamus.Answer: C17) Research on split-brain patients（裂脑人）has suggested that, when compared to the right hemisphere(1.半球), the left hemisphere has a "style" that is moreA) global. B) holistic. C) analytical. D) insightful.Answer: C18) In the brain, the ________ serves as a relay station(1.中继站) between the endocrine system(1.内分泌系统) and the central nervous system(1.中枢神经系统).A) thalamus(1.丘脑) B) hippocampus C) hypothalamus D) cerebral cortexAnswer: CII True or False1) Your observable characteristics are known as your genotype.Answer: FALSE2) DNA is organized into units called genes.Answer: TRUE3) The human genome contains about four million genes.Answer: FALSE4) Broca's area of the brain is most closely associated with emotional behavior.Answer: FALSE5) The peripheral nervous system(1.周围神经系统) consists of the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves(1.颅神经;脑神经) that connect the body's sensory receptors to the central nervous system.Answer: FALSE6) The amygdala is the part of the limbic system that controls emotion, aggression, and the formation of emotional memory.Answer: TRUE7) In males, the testes secrete testosterone, which stimulates production of sperm and may increase aggression and sexual desire.Answer: TRUE8) Interneurons（中间神经元）are one class of neurons.Answer: TRUE9) The all-or-none law states that the size of the action potential(3.电位) is unaffected by increases in the intensity of stimulation beyond the threshold level(阈值).Answer: TRUE10) During the absolute refractory period(1.绝对不应期), further stimulation, no matter how intense, cannot cause another action potential to be generated.Answer: TRUEChapter 41) Signal detection theory(1.信号检测理论) suggests that differences in absolute thresholds between different people reflectA) signal strength.B) sensory processes.C) human judgment.D) absolute thresholds.Answer: C2) The visual cortex is located within theA) cerebellum.B) parietal lobe.C) frontal lobe.D) occipital lobe(1.枕叶).Answer: D3) The ________ of sound allows us to distinguish a guitar note from a saxophone note.A) timbre(1.音色;音品)B) kinestheticsC) harmonicsD) auditory diffusionAnswer: A4) The process of ________ is responsible for the conversion of physical energy to neural impulses.A) transduction(1.换能).B) plasticity.C) absolute threshold.D) psychophysics.Answer: A5) Nerve impulses that carry information travel along ________ to specialized processing areas in the brain.A) vestibular canalsB) nerve endingsC) sensory pathways（感觉通路）D) olfactory epitheliumAnswer: C6) Loudness is determined by soundA) pitch.B) quality.C) amplitude（振幅）.D) frequency.Answer: C7) The eyes have two distinct types of photoreceptors(1.光感受器,感光器): the rods, which which detect ________, and the cones(1.(人眼)圆锥细胞), which detect ________.A) low intensity light; wavelengths corresponding to colorsB) motion; shapeC) bright light; dim lightD) stimuli in consciousness; unconscious stimuliAnswer: A8) Which one refers to the least amount of stimulation that your perceptual system（感知系统）can detect about half of the time?A) The stimulus threshold B) The difference thresholdC) The absolute threshold D) The action potentialAnswer: C9) Different senses give us different sensations mainly becauseA) They involve different stimuli.B) They activate different sensory regions(1.【医】感觉区, 顶颞区) of the brain.C) They have different intensities.D) We have different memories associated with them.Answer: B10) Which of the following is an example of the kind of information that top-down processingcontributes to perception?A) Looking for a friend’s face in the crowdB) Having to wait for your eyes to adjust to the dark in a theatreC) Hearing a painfully loud noiseD) Feeling a pinprickAnswer：AII True or False1) Gustav Fechner coined the term psychophysics, which refers to the study of the relationship between the intensity of a physical stimulus and the magnitude of an individual's sensory experience.Answer: TRUE2) The transformation of one form of energy, such as light, to another form, such as neural impulses, is called sensory adaptation.Answer: FALSE3) The absolute threshold is operationally defined as the stimulus level at which a sensory signal is detected 100% of the time.Answer: FALSE4) In a signal detection study, an observer who is a yea sayer will give a high number of hits but will also have a high number of false alarms.Answer: TRUE5) David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel won a Nobel Prize for their studies of receptive fields of cells in the visual cortex.Answer: TRUE6) The loudness of a sound is dependent primarily on the frequency of the sound wave. Answer: FALSE7) Transduction refers to the process of converting neural impulses into psychological energy that the brain can process.Answer: FALSE8) Bottom-up processing(1.自下而上加工) refers to perceptual analysis in which information from an individual's past experience, knowledge, expectations, motivations, and background influence the way a perceived object is interpreted and classified.Answer: FALSE9) The principle of relative size states that objects of the same size but different distances project the same size images on the retina.Answer: FALSE10) When your expectations affect perceptions the process is called bottom-up processing. Answer: FALSEChapter 51) Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of DA) the mind and consciousness.B) the mental processes of individuals.C) mental disorders and abnormal behavior.D) the behavior of individuals and their mental processes.2) The first task in psychology is to make accurate observations about behavior. This means that psychologists must first ____D____ behavior.A) predict B) explain C) control D) describe3) When drawing conclusions about behavior, psychologists rely on CA) their own personal beliefs. B) what is known as "common sense."C) objectively collected information. D) their everyday observations of people.4) In order to investigate behavior, researchers may use different levels of analysis. Which of the following research questions exemplifies the broadest, most global level of analysis?AA) What are the origins of prejudice?B) Are there gender differences in prejudice?C) Are there differences in how various racial groups express prejudice?D) What is the role of early childhood experiences in the formation of prejudice?5) In 1908, Hermann Ebbinghaus wrote that "Psychology has a long past, but only a short history." Which statement best captures the idea that Ebbinghaus was expressing? CA) Psychologists, like philosophers, have difficulty learning from their mistakes.B) Questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer them been developed.C) The field of psychology has existed for a long time, but only recently have scholars begun torecord the accomplishments of the profession.D) Although psychologists have been doing laboratory research for hundreds of years, little of substance has been discovered about human nature.6) Which statement most closely characterizes the current(1.现在的, 现行的) view of most psychologists toward the study of behavior? AA) Psychologists borrow and blend from different perspectives.B) Psychologists tend to agree that the most productive approach is the biological perspective.C) Psychologists take the approach that complex behavior can be reduced to patterns of simple behavior.D) Although psychologists differ in their basic approach, all agree on the questions to be asked and how theyshould be studied.7) A psychologist who explains a rapist's behavior in terms of the rapist's displaced hostility toward his mother is most likely to prefer the ____C____ perspective.A) cognitive B) humanistic C) evolutionary D) psychodynamic8) Psychologists who take the behaviorist approach seek to BA) illustrate the innate goodness of humans.B) understand how environmental stimuli control behavior.C) validate the importance of thought processes in human behavior.D) demonstrate the importance of unresolved conflicts and inner forces.9) A teacher wants to see whether smiling at children if they raise their hands when she asks a question increases the likelihood that children will volunteer answers. From the behaviorist perspective, the antecedentenvironmental condition is ________ and the consequence is ________.A) smiling; raising of hand B) raising of hand; smilingC) asking a question; smiling D) raising of hand; asking a question10) The humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance toA) the capacity of humans to make choices.B) breaking down complex behavior into elementary units of behavior.C) how environmental forces come to control the individual's behavior.D) the powerful instinctual tendencies that dominate people's actions.II True or False1) Psychologists are trained to describe behavior from their own subjective point of view, making sure to include their own biases and expectations in their observations.2) With respect to the goals of psychology, descriptions must stick to perceivable information, whereas explanations deliberately go beyond what can be observed.3) Psychologists believe that behavior should only be studied in a controlled research laboratory.4) In 1879, B. F. Skinner founded the first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology.5) In Freud's view, human nature is not always rational, and behavior may be driven by motives that are not in conscious awareness.6) According to the humanistic perspective, people are driven by powerful, instinctive forces, manipulated by their environments, and are incapable of making choices and decisions concerning their lives.7) In the view of psychologists who follow the cognitive perspective, behavior is completely determined by preceding environmental events and past behavioral consequences.8) Simply stated, the idea behind natural selection is that organisms that are better suited to their environments tend to produce offspring more successfully than those organisms with poorer adaptations.。

心理测量学知识真题及答案解析

心理测量学知识真题及答案解析心理测量学知识真题05年11月单选74、难度p值越接近于0或接近于1，越无法区分被试间能力的差异。

相反，p值越接近于0.50，区不力越搞。

为了使测验具有更大的的区不力，应挑选难度在0.50左右的试题比较合适。

各题难度在( )之间。

（A）0.50±0.10 (B) 0.50±0.20 (C) 0.50±0.30(D) 0.50±0.4075、（）指的是测验题目对有关内容或行为取样的适用性，从而确定测验是否是所欲测量的行为领域的代表性取样。

（A）内容效度（B）构想效度（C）效标效度（D）区分效度76、别能把分数（），更别能仅仅依照一次测验的结果轻易下结论。

我们讲一具人在任何一具测验上的分数，基本上他的遗传特征、测验前的学习与经验以及测验情景的函数。

（A）绝对化（B）神化（C）固定化（D）变成一具点77、我们把通常将学生的考试结果按名次排队，这些名次属于（）变量。

（A）命名（B）顺序（C）等距（D）等比78、（）是指同一被试在别并且间内用同一测验（或用另一套相等的测验）重复测量，所得结果的一致程度。

（A）信度（B）效度（C）难度（D）区分度79、测验编排的普通原则应排除（）（A）难度逐步上升，先易后难（B）将同类型的测题组合在一起（C）答案混合罗列（D）依各种类型测题本身的特点编排题目与选项80、（）量表首先使用智力年龄的概念。

（A）比内-西蒙（B）斯丹福-比内（C）韦克斯勒（D）瑞文81、全国性常模。

样本量普通要达到（）。

（A）1000~2000个（B）2000~3000个（C）3000～4000个（D）4000~5000个82、高考的最高分为650分，其百分等级为100，最低分为105分，百分等级为1，要录用20％的学生进入大学，百分等级为80的百位数为（）。

（A）500 （B）512（C）532 （D）540多选137．心理测验命题的普通原则能够从（）方面来思考。

心理学考研复试题目及答案

心理学考研复试题目及答案一、名词解释1. 心理测量学：心理测量学是心理学的一个分支，主要研究心理特质的测量方法，包括智力、性格、能力等，以及这些测量工具的信度和效度。

答案：心理测量学是心理学中专门研究心理特质的量化方法和工具的科学，其核心是确保测量的准确性和可靠性。

2. 认知失调：认知失调是指个体在持有两个或多个相互矛盾的认知（信念、态度或行为）时所经历的心理不适感。

答案：认知失调是当个体的认知元素之间存在冲突或不一致时产生的心理状态，通常会导致个体采取行动以减少这种不一致感。

二、简答题1. 简述弗洛伊德的心理发展阶段理论。

答案：弗洛伊德的心理发展阶段理论包括五个阶段：口腔期、肛门期、性器期、潜伏期和生殖期。

每个阶段都与特定的性心理冲突有关，个体解决这些冲突的方式会影响其性格发展。

2. 描述斯金纳的行为主义学习理论。

答案：斯金纳的行为主义学习理论强调可观察的行为和外部环境对行为的影响。

他提出了操作条件反射的概念，认为行为是通过强化（正强化或负强化）来塑造的。

三、论述题1. 论述认知心理学对现代教育的影响。

答案：认知心理学对现代教育的影响主要体现在教学方法、学习策略和评价体系的改进上。

例如，认知心理学强调个体差异，提倡个性化教学；提倡使用元认知策略来提高学习效率；以及在评价体系中引入了过程评价，而不仅仅是结果评价。

2. 分析自我效能感对个体行为的影响。

答案：自我效能感是指个体对自己完成特定任务的能力的信心。

高自我效能感的个体更有可能面对挑战，采取行动，并坚持到底。

相反，低自我效能感可能导致个体回避挑战，容易放弃，影响其行为表现和心理健康。

结束语：心理学作为一门研究人类心理活动和行为的科学，其理论和研究成果对教育、健康、社会等多个领域都有着深远的影响。

通过本次考研复试题目的探讨，我们不仅能够更深入地理解心理学的基本概念和理论，还能够思考如何将这些知识应用于实际问题的解决中，以促进个人和社会的发展。

湖南师范大学心理学考研试题方案

湖南师范大学心理学考研试题西方心理学史2001一名词解释1 符茨堡学派2 社会性格3 创造性综合原则4 心理动力场5 《心理学中的反射弧概念》二论述题1 托尔曼的认知行为主义述评2 罗杰斯的心理治疗观述评人体解剖生理学部分一名词解释1 正反馈与负反馈2 神经束于神经3 时间总和与空间总和4 视觉二元学说二填空1 受体作用是指………….2 非特异性投射系统的功能是……….3 大脑皮质布洛卡氏区（44区）损伤，将导致……大脑皮质颞上回后部损伤，会产生……4 中性粒细胞的主要功能是………淋巴细胞的主要功能是…..5 肺循环是指……三问答1 某人右手皮肤受到针刺感到疼痛，试述其感觉传导通路2 试述声波传入内耳的主要途径。

试述听觉的神经传导通路3 试述甲状腺激素的生理功能？试述甲状腺激素分泌的调节2002一名词解释1 意识流学说2 实证主义3 逻辑行为主义]4 心理生活空间5 二重心理学二论述题1 弗洛伊德的人格理论评述2 试评述人本主义心理学的基本观点和方法人体解剖心理学一名词解释1 神经节与神经核2 阈值与阈电位3 假怒4 非特异性抑制5 条件性抑制6 行波理论二问答题1 简述神经冲动传导的原理。

其传导速度受哪些因素的影响2 试述突触传递过程。

突触传递与神经肌肉接头传递有何主要不同点3 试述眼折光异常及其矫正方式4 试述含氮激素作用机制2003 心理学流派一名词解释1 控制点2 自我同一感3 特殊神经能学说4 认知行为主义二简答题1 简述卡特尔的主要学术贡献2 简述阿德勒的个体心理学思想三论述题1 罗杰斯的人本主义心理学理论评述2 试评述信息加工认知心理学的基本观点和研究方法2004一名词解释1 实验内省法2 实体状态与过渡状态3 心理动力场4 中介变量5 集体潜意识二简答题1 机能主义的哥伦比亚学派的基本特点2 华生行为主义心理学的研究方法述评三论述题1 马斯洛人本主义心理学的贡献与局限2 试述弗洛伊德精神分析心理学的基本内容与历史地位普通心理学1998一名词解释1 自然实验法2 气质3 过度学习4 乔姆斯基5 感受性二问答题1 为什么说人的心理是主观与客观的统一2 人的意志是否自由3 性格能力的关系如何4 感觉之间相互作用的规律有哪些5 心理过程与个性的关系如何三论述题1 影响人们解决问题的因素有哪些2 人的能力是如何形成的1998普通心理学与教育心理学一名词解释1 倒摄抑制2 智商3 气质4 定势5 样例学习6 先行组织者7 观察学习8 逆向迁移二简答题1 引起无意注意的原因是什么。

湖南师大所高校心理学历真题

欲索取更多考研资料，请上北京天问教育网站官网！湖南师大2003、2004年发展与教育心理学专业试卷2004发、教心理教心 75分一名解 25分1 场对立性2 表征3 陈述性知识4 共同要素说5 元认知二简述题 30分1 简述奥苏伯尔认知结构同化的3个模式2 简述布鲁纳的螺旋式课程结构3 简述成就动机三实例分析 20分实例概要：广州一个15岁的女中学生破解世界两大数学难题，并出版论文，引起数学界轰动。

请用类创造与真创造的观点分析上述实例，并谈谈如何在教案中开发，培养学生的创造力。

发心 75分一名解 20分1 社会化与社会性2 习惯化与去习惯化3 自我中心与去自我中心4 性别认同与性别角色认同5 自我同一性与合法延缓期二简答 15分1 科学儿童心理学创立的标志是什么？从儿童心理学到发展心理学的演变过程中，那些心理学家做出何种贡献2 什么是角色采择？儿童角色采择技能发展过程经历那些主要阶段3 初中生反抗心理的表现方式及其产生的主要原因是什么三论述 20分1 试述儿童早期同伴交往发展过程及其与亲子交往发展的关系2 评述维果斯基关于低级心理机能与高级心理机能及其发展的主要观点四、数据分析 10分根据下表，分析小学儿童推理发展的主要趋势。

<图略，刘金花，儿童心理）五、实验设计 10分以考察儿童记忆发展为主题，设计一份简要的实验方案，必须符合下列条件：1 采用横断设计方式，2以年龄为独立变量 3 以记忆效率为主要测量指标普心一名解 15分1 一般能力2 选择性注意3 内隐记忆4 表层结构和深层结构5 气质二简答 40分1 简述鲁利亚的脑机能系统学说2 简述问题解决中的策略3 简述情绪的“评定——兴奋”说4 简述智力的PASS模型5 简述遗忘进程的规律及影响遗忘的因素三问答 20分试述影响人格形成和发展的因素心理统计 40分一名解 8分1 自由度2 参数3 百分位数4 协方差二简答 12分1 简述积差相关、等级相关的使用条件2 有人想比较高年级男女学生的机械能力，于是随机抽取男生的一个随机样本和女生的一个随机样本进行检验，我们是否因为两组被试都在高年级这一点上的相同就说他们是相关样本，或者说他们是独立样本，请对你的判断做出解释。

心理测量考研问题（含答案）

心理测量考研问题（含答案）1.等距量表的特点是（ B ）（2007年）A.无绝对零点，无相同单位B.无绝对零点，有相同单位C.有绝对零点，无相同单位D.有绝对零点，有相同单位2.下列量表中，具有绝对零点的是（D ）（2008年）A.称名量表B.顺序量表C.等距量表D.比率量表3.简述测验标准化的含义及提高测验标准化程度的方法。

4.教师的职称和薪水这两个变量的数据类型分别是（D）（2009年）A.命名数据和等比数据B.等距数据和等比数据C.顺序数据和等距数据D.顺序数据和等比数据5. 下列心理测验中，属于速度测验的有（AC）（2010年多选题）A.文书能力测验中的校对测验B. 梅尔艺术鉴赏测验中的审美知觉测验C. 一般能力倾向成套测验中的装配测验D. 西肖尔音乐能力测验中的音高辨别测验6. 在评价中心技术中，无领导小组、文件筐等测验属于（A）（2010年单选题）A. 情境测验B.评定量表C. 投射测验7. 1937年，施瑞奥克将我国三国时期刘邵关于人的能力研究的著作翻译成英文版。

该著作是（A）（2010年单选题）A. 人物志B. 心书C. 吕氏春秋D.学记8. 下列数据类型属于比率数据的是（A）（2011年单选题）A.智商分数B. 反应时C. 年级D.数学成绩9. 某初中招收600名新生后，进行了一次分班考试。

按照考试的功能，这次考试属于（C）（2011单选题）A.诊断性评估B.形成性评估C.安置性评估D.终结性评估10. 1937年，施瑞奥克将我国三国时期刘邵关于人的能力研究的著作翻译成英文版。

该著作是（A）（2010年单选题）A. 人物志B. 心书C. 吕氏春秋D.学记11. 要求被试回答有关自己的感受和信念的测验属于（B）（2011年大选题）A.最高作为测验B. 典型作为测验C. 非文字测验12.在下列测验中，属于文字测验的是（A）（2012年单选题）A、16PFB、TATC、罗夏墨迹测验D、瑞文推理测验13.从心理测量学角度看，中国古代的“七巧板”可视为（B ）（2013年单选）A、兴趣测验B、创造力测验C、态度测验D、投射测验14.为了规范和维护心理测验工作的发展，中国心理学会于1992年颁布（B）（2014年单选题）A《计算机化测验学解释指南》B《心理学家的道德准则与行为规范》C《心理测验管理》 D《教育和心理测验标准》1.真分数模型X=T+E中，E表示的是（B）（2007年）A. 系统误差B.随机误差C.抽样误差D.标准误差2下列关于测量结果受测量误差影响的叙述，正确的是（D）（2008年）A.系统误差影响稳定性，不影响准确性；B.系统误差影响准确性，也影响稳定性；C.随机误差影响稳定性，不影响准确性；D.随机误差影响稳定性，也影响准确性。

心理测量考研问题(含参考答案)

1.等距量表的特点是（B）（2007年）A.无绝对零点，无相同单位B.无绝对零点，有相同单位C.有绝对零点，无相同单位D.有绝对零点，有相同单位2.下列量表中，具有绝对零点的是（D ）（2008年）A.称名量表B.顺序量表C.等距量表3.4.2010年多选题）A）（2010年单选题）自陈测验7. 1937A）学记年单选题）A.智商分数B. 反应时C. 年级D.数学成绩9. 某初中招收600名新生后，进行了一次分班考试。

该著作是（A）（2010年单选题）A. 人物志B. 心书C. 吕氏春秋D.学记11. 要求被试回答有关自己的感受和信念的测验属于（B）（2011年大选题）A.最高作为测验B. 典型作为测验C. 非文字测验D. 投射测验12.在下列测验中，属于文字测验的是（A）（2012年单选题）A、16PFB、TATC、罗夏墨迹测验D、瑞文推理测验13.从心理测量学角度看，中国古代的“七巧板”可视为（B ）（2013年单选）A、兴趣测验B、创造力测验C、态度测验D、投射测验14.为了规范和维护心理测验工作的发展，中国心理学会于1992年颁布（B）（2014年单选题）降低分数的可靠性。

此外，题目用词模棱两可，或对要求叙述不清等，也都会带来误差。

（2）施测过程在测验的实施过程中可能引起误差的因素很多，如测试环境、时间、主试者、意外干扰、评分记分等。

（3）被试因素在测量工作中，最复杂的和最难控制的是由被试本身引起的各种误差。

测验中被试的应试动机、被试的焦虑、测验经验、练习效应、反应倾向和生理变因等因素都会带来误差。

4.在经典测量模型X=T+E中，关于E的表述，错误的是（C）（2010单选）A. 真分数和误差分数之间的相关为0B. 各平行测验上的误差分数之间相关为0C. 误差分数是随机误差与系统误差之和D. 误差分数是一个服从均值为0的正态分布的随机变量5.在经典测量的真分数模型下，公式SX²=SI²+SV²+SE²中的SI²是（D ）（2013单选）响测量信度。

20届上岸湖南师大333教育综合956心理健康教育学姐分享考研经验贴

湖师大心理健康教育考研经验贴21级的考研宝宝们，你们好吖！我是20级的学姐，来自湖南的一所普通的一本院校。

今年报考了湖南师范大学的心理健康教育专业，总分385分，政治70，英语69，教育综合107，心理测量139。

我的分数也不算高，遗憾总是有的，出分数那会儿哪儿都是平均380的疾风，所以21级还有什么理由不努力呢！下面我就给大家分享一下我在备考期间的心路历程和经验吧！1.政治政治的复习我是从八月中旬才开始的，跟的是徐涛老师的课程，真的易懂又快乐~我一开始是直接买了他的核心考案，然后跟着基础课程划重点，这个期间的课程是很放松的，涛涛很多地方都会通过讲故事的方式呈现知识点，视频都是百度云下载下来，当做学习放松两倍速度看就可以。

（个人觉得啥也没记住，但是让我觉得政治会没有那么枯燥~）后来肖秀荣的1000题会出来，里面会有大题，但是基本可以忽略，只做单选和多选就可以，建议做题时一定不要太追求速度，每一个选项都要尽量弄明白，不能选对了就过！后面肖秀荣的四套卷八套卷会出来，这个阶段的政治复习就要开始看看后面的大题了，但不需要背诵，简单留个印象就可以（然而我并没有看后的大题，大家引以为戒）。

在刷题的过程中，有一个小技巧就是把所有做错的题，不懂的题都记在笔记本上，但是注意，并不是整道题的抄写下来，只需要自己精炼的把正确的选项写下来，自己看得懂就好，这个笔记最后会成为背诵的个人宝典。

肖秀荣的题重要性我就不说了，基本属于考研必备~也没有什么太多技巧去学，就是疯狂刷题疯狂背背背~2.英语英语是一个需要累积的科目，由于我本科是学习商务英语的，单词背诵基本没有停过，所以当你决定要考研的时候就要立马将单词记起来，不要停~（不要拿着一本很厚的单词书去背，这样从头背到尾效率极低，建议零碎时间用app背诵，比如吃饭、睡觉前、上厕所的时候都可以，至于app的选择可以按个人喜好来）再就是阅读，阅读是拉分的关键。

刷近十年的阅读题就可以（可以先刷英语一的阅读，我当时刷了一遍，难度还是挺大的，再回过头来刷英语二就会简单许多），刷题过程也不要太追求速度，尽量精读做到篇篇通透，这也有利于翻译的练习。

研究生心理学测试题答案

研究生心理学测试题答案一、单选题（每题2分，共10分）1. 心理学研究的主要内容是（）。

A. 行为和心理过程B. 社会行为C. 心理疾病D. 人类意识答案：A2. 弗洛伊德的精神分析理论主要关注的是（）。

A. 意识B. 潜意识C. 认知过程D. 社会行为答案：B3. 认知心理学的核心观点是（）。

A. 行为主义B. 信息加工C. 心理动力学D. 精神分析答案：B4. 情绪智力理论是由哪位心理学家提出的？（）A. 弗洛伊德B. 艾森克C. 丹尼尔·戈尔曼D. 斯金纳答案：C5. 心理学研究中常用的实验设计是（）。

A. 横断面研究B. 纵向研究C. 相关研究D. 实验研究答案：D二、多选题（每题3分，共15分）6. 心理学的主要分支包括（）。

A. 发展心理学B. 社会心理学C. 临床心理学D. 工业与组织心理学答案：ABCD7. 以下哪些是心理学研究方法？（）A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 案例研究法答案：ABCD8. 影响个体行为的因素包括（）。

A. 生物因素B. 心理因素C. 社会文化因素D. 环境因素答案：ABCD9. 以下哪些是情绪智力的组成部分？（）A. 自我意识B. 自我调节C. 社会技能D. 动机答案：ABCD10. 心理学研究的伦理原则包括（）。

A. 尊重个体B. 保密原则C. 避免伤害D. 公正性答案：ABCD三、判断题（每题1分，共5分）11. 心理学是研究人类行为和心理过程的科学。

（）答案：√12. 心理学研究只关注正常行为，不涉及异常行为。

（）答案：×13. 潜意识是弗洛伊德理论中的核心概念。

（）答案：√14. 认知心理学认为心理过程是不可观察的。

（）答案：×15. 情绪智力理论强调情绪在个体成功中的作用。

（）答案：√结束语：以上是研究生心理学测试题的答案，希望对您的学习和理解有所帮助。

湖南省考研心理学复习资料心理测量学常见题型解析

湖南省考研心理学复习资料心理测量学常见题型解析心理测量学是心理学研究中的一门重要学科，它通过定量调查和测量的方法，评估和测量个体的心理特征和能力水平。

在湖南省考研心理学的复习中，了解心理测量学的常见题型以及解析方法对于提高考试分数至关重要。

本文将针对湖南省考研心理学中心理测量学常见题型进行详细解析。

一、选择题选择题是心理测量学中最常见的题型之一。

在选择题中，考生需要根据提供的题干和备选项，在给定的条件下做出正确的选择。

举例来说，以下是一道关于信度和效度的选择题：1. 下面哪个概念可以用来表示测量工具的稳定性？A. 重测法B. 因子分析C. 卡方检验D. 相关系数解析：正确答案是A选项，重测法是用来评估测量工具的稳定性的一种方法。

选项B到D都与稳定性密切相关，但不是表示稳定性的具体概念。

二、填空题填空题要求考生根据题目的要求，在空白处填入正确的内容。

这类题目通常要求考生能够准确地运用心理测量学的相关概念和知识点。

以下是一道关于标准化分数计算的填空题：2. 若某考试的平均分为70分，标准差为10分，某位考生的原始分数为85分，则该考生的标准化分数为__。

解析：标准化分数可以通过原始分数减去平均分后除以标准差计算得到。

根据题目提供的数据，可将计算过程列式为：(85-70) / 10 = 1.5。

因此，该考生的标准化分数为1.5。

三、解答题解答题是需要考生通过自己的思考和分析，给出详细的解答和论述的题型。

这类题目通常要求考生对心理测量学的某个概念或者方法进行深入的理解和应用。

以下是一道关于信度和效度的解答题：3. 请结合实际案例，阐述信度和效度的区别和联系。

解析：信度和效度是心理测量学中两个重要的概念。

信度指的是测量工具的稳定性和一致性，即重复测量得到的结果是否相似。

效度指的是测量工具的有效性，即能否准确地反映出所要测量的心理特征或能力水平。

在实际应用中，一个测量工具既要具备良好的信度，又要具备合理的效度。

心理学考研复试题及答案

心理学考研复试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. 心理现象的实质是（）A. 客观现实B. 心理活动C. 行为表现D. 脑的机能答案：D2. 心理学研究的主要方法是（）A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 以上都是答案：D3. 感觉阈限是指（）A. 刺激的最小值B. 刺激的最大值C. 刺激的强度D. 刺激的持续时间答案：A4. 情绪的三因素理论是由哪位心理学家提出的？（）A. 詹姆斯B. 坎农C. 沙赫特D. 阿诺德答案：C5. 认知失调理论的提出者是（）A. 马斯洛B. 费斯汀格C. 艾宾浩斯D. 皮亚杰答案：B6. 记忆的三个阶段包括（）A. 编码、保持、提取B. 感知、注意、记忆C. 编码、存储、应用D. 存储、保持、提取答案：A7. 弗洛伊德的人格结构理论中，本我遵循的原则是（）A. 快乐原则B. 现实原则C. 道德原则D. 自我原则答案：A8. 社会学习理论的代表人物是（）A. 班杜拉B. 斯金纳C. 罗杰斯D. 弗洛伊德答案：A9. 智力的多因素理论是由哪位心理学家提出的？（）A. 斯皮尔曼B. 瑟斯顿C. 卡特尔D. 吉尔福特答案：B10. 心理测量学中，信度是指（）A. 测量结果的稳定性B. 测量结果的准确性C. 测量结果的一致性D. 测量结果的可靠性答案：D二、多选题（每题3分，共15分）1. 以下哪些是心理学的主要分支学科？（）A. 生物心理学B. 社会心理学C. 发展心理学D. 教育心理学答案：ABCD2. 以下哪些是影响问题解决的因素？（）A. 问题表征B. 功能固着C. 情绪状态D. 知识经验答案：ABCD3. 以下哪些是自我效能感的影响因素？（）A. 直接经验B. 替代经验C. 言语说服D. 情绪状态答案：ABCD三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述知觉的四个特性。

答案：知觉的四个特性包括选择性、整体性、理解性和恒常性。

2. 描述弗洛伊德的人格发展阶段理论。