自考词汇第三章练习题

第三章I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Theis ' the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words' (Crystal 1985).A. morphB. allomorphC. morphemeD. allophone2. Morphemes areunits, which are realized in speech by discrete units known asA. concrete, allomorphsB. abstract, morphsC. abstract, lexemesD. concrete, morphs3. Most morphemes are realized by single morphs. Words of this kind are calledwords.A. polysemousB. monomorphemicC. polymorphemicD. stem4. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known asA. lexemesB. headwordsC. allomorphsD. phones5. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is togroup them into morphemes andmorphemes.A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, bound6. Free morphemes are identical withwords.A. compoundB. rootC. convertedD. clipped7. Bound morphemes are chiefly found inwords.A. rootB. inflectionalC. derivedD. compound8. Morphemes which cannot occur as words arehound.A. separateB. compoundC. derivedD. converted9. Free morphemes havemeanings in themselves and can be used asgrammatical units insentences.A. incomplete, independentB. complete, freeC. complete, dependentD. free, complete10. Morphemes which areother morphemes are considered to be free.A. different fromB. dependent onC. related withD. independent of11. The minimal meaningful units of a language are known asA. morphsB. morphemesC. allomorphsD. lexemes12. im-", "ir-", "il-" "in- "and are allof the, negative prefix.A. morphs, morphemeB. morphemes, morphC. allomorphs, morphsD. allomorphs, morpheme13. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known asA. derivational morphemesB. inflectional morphemesC. bound rootsD. free roots14. Derivational affixes can be further divided intoandA. bound roots and suffixesB. prefixes and suffixesC. bound roots and prefixesD. inflectional affixes and prefixes15. According to the functions of affixes, we put them intoaffixes andaffixes.A. inflectional, derivationalB. reflective, flexibleC. converted, boundD. root, bound16.affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.A. ConvertedB. InflectionalC. DerivationalD. Bound17. Ais the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.A. rootB. stemC. lexemeD. headword18. The, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word.A. stemB. rootC. prefixD. suffix19. "-dict-" is a/anA. free rootB. inflectional morphemeC. bound rootD. derivational morpheme20. In the word "contradict", "contra-" is a/anA. bound rootB. inflectional morphemeC. free rootD. derivational morpheme21. In "tomatoes", "tomato" is a/anand "-es" is a/anA. stem, suffixB. root, prefixC. bound root, prefixD. stem, root22. Bound morphemes include two types:andA. prefix, suffixB. bound root and prefixC. bound root, affixD. derivational morpheme and suffix23. In "went" we findmorphemes, and in "classroom s" root.A. two, twoB. one, twoC. one, threeD. two, three24. "predict" is made up of a/an _-- morpheme and a/anmorpheme.A. prefix, boundB. root, boundC. inflectional, derivationalD. inflectional, root25. "antecedent" is made up ofA. a prefix and a bound rootB. a bound root and a suffixC. a prefix, a bound root and a suffixD. a bound root, a free root and a suffix26. Mostdo not change the word classes of the original words.A. suffixesB. prefixesC. affixesD. bound roots27. In "clockwise", we can findA. two free rootsB. a free root and a suffixC. a prefix and a free rootD. a free root and a bound root28. In English, inflectional affixes areand derivational affixes are bothandA. suffixes, prefixes, suffixesB. infixes, suffixes, prefixesC. prefixes, suffixes, prefixesD. prefixes, infixes, prefixes29. The morpheme "-s" in "desks" is calledmorpheme.A. derivationalB. freeC. grammaticalD. inflectional30. In English, bound roots are eitherorA. Latin, FrenchB. Greek, ScandinavianC. Latin, GreekD. French, GreekII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1. Though borrowing has been playing an active role in the expansion of vocabulary as indicated, in modern times, however, vocabulary is largely enriched on a/anbasis.2. Before we actually deal with the means of word-formation, we need to analyze thestructures of words and gain a working knowledge of the different word-forming elements which are to be used to create new words.3. It seems to be generally agreed that ais the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning.4.The word " denaturalization" can be broken down intomorphemes.5. Suffixes usually change the word-class whiledo not usually change the world-class.6. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as7."water" hasmorpheme(s).8.The _ is the base form of a word that expresses its essential meaning.9.Anis any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.10.Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationship are calledaffixes.11. Free morphemes and free are identical.12.The number of inflectional affixes is small andwhich makes English one of the easiest language to learn.13.affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes14.The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is15."-s", "-ed", "-er" and "-est" are allmorphemes because they do not generate new words.16. "er-", "im-", "ab-", and "-ly" are allmorphemes because they generate new words.ually do not change word-class of the stems but only modify their meanings.18. Structurally speaking, a word is not the smallest unit because many words areand separable.19.The root, whether free or bound, generally carries thecomponent of meaning in a word.20.roots in English are either Latin or Greek.21 .A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further an-alysedtotal loss of identity.22.Acan include a root, although sometimes it can replace a root.23. Most morphemes are realized bymorphs.24.A root is that part of a word form that remains when alland derivational affixes have been removed.25. A stem is a form to whichof any kind can be added.26. "idealization" hasmorphemes.27. "gone", "easier", "green houses" and "swimming" all contain a(n)morpheme.28. Most inflectional morphemes are29.morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.30. Derivational affixes are added to other morphemes to createwords.III.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to (1)types of morphemes (2)language family(3)modes of vocabulary development(4)classification of words and(5)sources of borrowing.A B1. man A. inflectional morpheme2. Spanish B. bound root3.-ed C. stem4. sit-in D. derivational morpheme5. penicillin E. free morpheme6. pork F. terminology7. Prussian G. creation8. -dict- H. denizen9. pre- I. Baho-Slavic10. national in international J. ItalicIV.Study the following words and expressions and identify (1)types of morphemes; (2)language family; (3)modes of vocabulary development;(4)classification of words and (5)sources of borrowing.1.-s- in works ( )2. anti- in antislavery ( )3.liberate in proliferation ( )4.-dict- in dictator ( )5. Norwegian ( )6. dumb( = stupid) ( )7. surplus value ( )8. have (auxiliary) ( )9. pork (from pore) ( )10.guess ( = think) ( )V. Define the following terms.1. root2. stem3. derivational morphemes/affixes4. inflectional morphemes/affixes5. bound root6. affixes7. bound morphemes8 .free morphemes9. allomorphs10. morphs11. morphemesVI. Answer the following questions .Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.1. Why do we say that free morphemes and free roots are identical?2. What are the differences between a bound morpheme and a bound root?3. Are a root and a stem the same? Give your reasons.4.According to the functions of affixes how many groups can you put them into? What are their characteristics?VI.Analyze and comment on the followings. Write your answers in the space given.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words. Point out the types of morphemes. predictionstrawberriesencouragement2.Analyze the morphological structure of the following words in the light of free morphemes and bound morphemes,then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealizationhand-madeluckily参考答案I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.C2.B3.B4.C5.B6.B7.C8.A9.B 10.D11 .B 12.D 13 .B 14.B 15 .A16.C 17 .B 18.B 19.C 20.D21 .A 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C26. B 27. B 28.A 29. D 30. CII. Complete the following statements with proper words orexpressions according to the course book.1. internal2. morphological3. word4. five5. prefixes6. morphs7. one8. root9. allomorph 10. inflectional11. roots 12. stable13. Derivational 14.morpheme15. inflectional 16. derivational17. Prefixes 18. analyzable19. main 20. Bound21.without 22. stem23. single 24. inflectional25. affixes 26. three27. inflectional 28. suffixes29. Bound 30.newIII.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to (1) types of morphemes;(2)language family;(3)modes of vocabulary development (4)classification of words and (5)sources of borrowing.1.E2.J3.A4.G5.F6.H7.18.B9.D 10.CIV.Study the following words and expressions and identify(1)types of morphemes; (2)language family; (3)modes of vocabulary development;(4)classification of words and @sources of borrowing.1.bound morpheme/inflectional morpheme/suffix2. bound morpheme/derivational morpheme/reflex3. free morpheme/free root4. bound root5. Germanic/Scandinavian6.semantic-loan7. translation-loan8. functional word9. denizen10. revival of archaic or obsolete wordsV .Defame the following terms.1. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further anal ysed without total loss of identity .The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word.2. A stem may consist of a single root morpheme or two root morphemes or a root plus an affix. A stem is a form to whichaffixes of any kind can be added.3.Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.4. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, and those added to stems to create new words are derivational.5. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but cannot stand alone as a word.6. Affixes are forms that are attached to stems to make new words or show grammatical meaning.7.Bound morphemes are the morphemes that cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words.8.Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.9. A single morpheme may be phonetically realized by two or more morphs. These alternative phonetic forms or variants areallomorphs.10.A morpheme must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments. Each of thephonetic forms or variants is a morph.11. A morpheme is the minimal/smallest meaningful unit of a languageVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be and short. Write your answers in the space given below.1. Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are consid6red to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences .They are identical Mth root words, as each of them consists of a single free root. Therefore, we might as well say that free morphemes are free roots.2.Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. Bound morphemes include bound root and affix. Bound root is only one type of bound morpheme.3. A root and a stem are not the same. A root is the basic form of word which cannot be further analysed. A stem may consist of a single root or two roots and a root plus an affix. Therefore, a stem can be a root or a form bigger than a root.4.According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two ups: inflectional and derivational affixes. Inflectional affixes are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical morphemes. The number of inflectional affixes is small and stable. Derivational affixes are added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come beforethe word and the suffixes after the word.VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given.1. (1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes : prediction (pre +dict + ion) ,strawberries(straw + berry + es),encouragement(en + courage + ment).(2)"pre-", "-ion", "-es en-" and "-ment" are bound morphemes as they cannot stand alone as words. "pre-", "-ion", "en-"and "-ment" are derivational morphemes and "-es" is an inflectional morpheme, while "-dict-" is a bound root.(3) "straw", "berry" and "courage" are all free morphemes as they can stand alone as words.2.(1)Each of the three consists of three morphemes: idealization(ideal + ize + ation), hand-made (hand + make + d),luckily(luck + y + ly).(2) "ideal", "hand", "make" and "luck" are all free morphemes, and "-ize", "-ation", "-d", "-y" and "-ly" are all boundmorphemes. Of the bound morphemes, "-d" is an inflectional morpheme, and other four are derivational morphemes. (3)Free morphemes can exist themselves as words. They have complete meaning in themselves and can be used as freegrammatical units in sentences. Bound morphemes cannot occur as separate words.They must be bound to other morphemes, bound or free. Derivational affixes are used to create new words, but inflectional affixes are used to indicate grammatical meaning.。