高中英语语法讲义——名词

高中英语语法讲义——名词名词的数单数名词变复数名词的常用法则（1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees.（2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes.（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries.（4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄．．中吃土豆．．、西．．．．．在回声红柿．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes.下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。

（5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为了自己．．和一片树叶．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives,．．．．站在架子．．手里拿着刀子．．和他的妻子．．活命．，小偷thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves.但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。

（6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。

如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。

（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。

men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师（8）不规则复数形式①变内部元音foot-feet man-menwoman-women tooth-teethmouse-mice goose-geesegentleman-gentlemen②单复数同形的名词sheep deer spacecraft太空船aircraft飞行器Chinese JapaneseSwiss瑞士人means方法crossroads十字路口species种类headquarters总部series连续works工厂③外来名词的复数形式criterion-criteria标准phenomenon-phenomena现象analysis-analyses分析basis-bases基础crisis-crises危机thesis-theses论文bacterium-bacteria细菌medium-media媒体④fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数为fishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其复数形式与单数形式相同。

There are many different fishes in this river.I bought five fish today.⑤penny当做便士的“价值”解时复数为pence，常与数词搭配来表示钱数：five pence；当做便士的“个数”解时复数为pennies.⑥people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式，指“名族”时其复数为peoples.one person two peoplea people two peoples用所给词的适当形式填空（1）He gained his _______ (wealthy) by printing _______(work) of famous writers.（2）_______(leaf) turn green in spring.名词的格1.’s所有格及加-’s词尾的规则主要用在有生命的名词后，但有时也可用在表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、价值、国家、城市等无生命的名词后面。

构成举例单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s the boy’s bag the children’s rooms以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’the workers’ struggle工人们的斗争复合名词中在最后一个词的词尾加’s her brother-in-law’s character她姐夫性格不定代词后加else, 在else后加’s Somebody else’s possessions别人的财产2. of所有格用法举例表示无生命的东西the window of the room表示“有关，关于…” a story of love and hatred一个关于爱和恨的故事表示同位关系the city of Pisa比萨市表示部分或全部关系the bottom of the sea the majority of people表示抽象概念the cost of living生活成本the news of success捷报后跟含后置定语的名词或表示一类人或物的“the+形容词”形式the name of the boy crying under the treethe housing problem of the poor穷人的住房问题3. 双重所有格构成与用法构成：名词+of+名词+’s; 名词+of+名词性物主代词例：this watch of my father’ssome students of mine用法（1）：表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，突出局部。

在of短语所修饰的名词前往往有一个表示数量的词。

如：a、some、few、no…例：a friend of Tom’sany work of Zhang Yu’s用法（2）：表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩。

一般of所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词。

如：this、that、these、those等例：I hated those words of Mary’sI like this bike of my brother’s用所给名词的适当形式填空（3）The _______(girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into_______ (Tom) car.（4）Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at the _______(Turner).答案：（1）wealth; works（2）Leaves（3）girl s’; Tom’s（4）Turners’高频考点要求学生掌握复习名词的构成，不可数名词、名词所有格及常见名词后缀。

未来几年对于名词主要考查复数名词的构成、名词所有格及名词构词法。

在语法填空的此类转换考查中，要根据语境和设空前的修饰词去判断空格处是不是需要所给单词的名词形式，然后判断名词的单复数，做出正确回答。

名词练习（一）1.One of the most effective ways to reduce______ (stressful) is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.2.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave .—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my _________(apo logize ).3.Some school will have to make _________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.4.There is no need to tell me your answer now .Give it some _________(think) and then let me know .5.When he was running after his brother ,the boy lost his _________and had a bad fall.6.He gave himself a new name to hide his _________(identify) when he went carry out the secret task.7.-----Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one ?------That’s a good _________(suggest).8. Her _________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.9.Whenever I made mistakes ,the teacher pointed them out with _________(patient).10.While she was in Paris ,she developed a_________(tasty) for fine art .11.Your _________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.12.—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?---Well, you know, English is my _________(strong ). So it is my best choice.13.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _________(refer).14.My first _________(impress ) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man .15.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _________(commit) ,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made .16.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ (competent).名词练习（二）1.Nowadays,an increasing number museums are open to visitors free, However ,free _________(admit ) might lead to some social problems as well .2.Old people still want to see classic performances ,but they are obviously not the young generation’s cup of _________.3.Now that the banks are back on their feet ,we expect extraordinary _________(commit) from them to help rebuild the economy .4.After three years of hard work ,his knowledge and _________(competent) were finally recognized in his school.5.For sustainable development ,the government has decided to give _________(prefer) to those energy-conserving and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects .6.—Mr.Wang is a man of few words, but quick in mind .-----A still tongue makes a wise _________,you know .7.Due to the _________(apply ) of this medical technology , some diseases can be treated at an early stage .8.Zhangzhou City has gained a good _________(repute) for having successful hosted the Flower Expo.9.The video, Under the Dome, has rapidly pushed the public _________(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.10.After-living in Quanzhou for five years, she has developed quite an_________(affect ) for the city .11.If a young man wants the _________(flexible) to move to different cities in future years ,he should keep renting instead of buying a house .名词练习（三）It was late at night.Two__1__(German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly，one of them，Mrs. Green，was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three__2__(thousand) dollars in her pocket.“What should I do？Many__3__(thief) usually bring__4__(knife) with them，” shethought in__5__(silent)．And at the same time the thief happened to touch a__6__(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room，so he went out to the next room where two__7__(Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for__8__(money) or some(jewel)__9__in the next room，Mrs. Green woke upher husband quickly and called the__10__(policeman)．And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away，the police caught him.For Mrs. Green，it was really an unusual experience.1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10名词练习答案（一）1.stress2.apology/ apologies3.adjustments4.though5.balance6.identity7.suggestion8.motivation9.patience 10.taste11.performance 12.strength 13. reference 14.impression mitmentpetence名词练习答案（二）1. admission2.tea3. commitment4. competence5. preference6.head7. application8. reputation9. awareness 10. affection 11. flexibility名词练习答案（三）[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。