【英语】英语翻译易错剖析含解析

【英语】英语翻译易错剖析含解析
一、高中英语翻译
1．高中英语翻译题：Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1．为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。

(leave)
_________________
2．深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。

(with)
_________________
3．一个人待人处世的方式能反映出他是怎样的人。

(the way)
_________________
4．只有当一系列奇数问题得到解决，到 2025 年，新能源汽车才能占汽车销量的百分之二十。

(Only)
_________________
【答案】
1．For the sake of safety/ For safety, children / a child should not be left alone at home 2．Having taken a deep breath, he went up to the stage with a smile on his face.
3．The way a person treats others can reflect what kind of person he is.
4．Only when a series of technical problems are solved can new energy cars account for 20 percent of all the car sales by 2025.
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查翻译，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。

1．考查被动语态和“leave+宾语+宾补”结构。

根据句意可知本句使用 leave sb alone表示“把某人单独留下”，children / a child与leave之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故翻译为：For the sake of safety/ For safety, children / a children should not be left alone at home
2．考查非谓语动词。

he与take a deep breath之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，而且take a deep breath明显发生在went up to之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故翻译为：Having taken a deep breath, he went up to the stage with a smile on his face.
3．考查定语从句和宾语从句。

way作先行词，定语从句的关系词，有三中引导方法：in which，that或省略，reflect为宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，用what引导，故翻译为：The way a person treats others can reflect what kind of person he is.
4．考查倒装。

account for表示“占（比例）”，“only+状语”位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装，故翻译为：Only when a series of technical problems are solved can new energy cars account for 20 percent of all the car sales by 2025.
2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1．交友时不要以貌取人。

(base)
________________
2．经历了一场大病后,他明白了生命无价。

(suffer)
________________
3．2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念,促进了自由贸易。

(meanwhile)
________________
4．不管到哪里旅游,都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。

这样才能成为一名文明的游客。

(no matter)
________________
【答案】
1．D on’t judge a person based on his appearance when making friends.
2．After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.
3．The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.
4．No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.
【解析】
【分析】
考查重点单词句型翻译。

1．短语be based on“以……为基础”，本句为否定祈使句，用when引导时间状语从句，译
为Don’t judge a person based on his appearance when making friends.。

2．Suffer“遭受；忍受；经历”，本句为after引导的状语从句，译为After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.。

3．“上海进口博览会”为“Shanghai International Import Expo”；“创新理念”为“innovative ideas”，故译为The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.。

4．本句为no matter+where引导的状语从句，且主句后用非限定性定语从句修饰，故译为No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.。

3．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1．他刚要关闭电脑，就在这时手机响了。

(when)
________________________________
2．他将代表全班同学在新年晚会上向老师们表示真诚的感谢。

(on behalf of)
________________________________
3．我们付出的每一次努力未必都能成功，但是但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好。

(worth) ________________________________
4．不只是一个人的日常言谈举止，就连他目前正在读的那本书都清楚地向我们表明了他是一个怎样的人。

(as well as)
________________________________
【答案】
1． He was about to turn off / shut down the computer when the / his cell / mobile phone rang. 2． On behalf of the whole class / all his classmates, he will express / show / extend sincere gratitude / thanks to the teachers at the New Year / Year’s Party.
3． Every effort that we make can / may not be successful, but whatever is worth our / us doing is worth our / us doin g well. / Every effort that we make is not necessarily successful. … / Every effort that we put in is not always going to / does not always work, …
4． The book (that / which) a person is reading at present as well as his daily words and deeds / actions clearly indicates / shows / suggests what kind of person he is.
【解析】
1．本题考查固定句式，be about to do sth.---when---“正要做某事，这时候”，结合所给汉语
可知用一般过去时，故答案为He was about to turn off / shut down the computer when the / his cell / mobile phone rang.
2．固定词组：on behalf of“代表---”，结合所给汉语可知主句用将来时，答案为On behalf of the whole class / all his classmates, he will express / show / extend sincere gratitude / thanks to the teachers at the New Year / Year’s Party.
3．句中使用whatever引导的主语从句和be worth doing sth.结构，结合所给汉语可知effort
后要用that引导的定语从句，故答案为Every effort that we make can / may not be successful, but whatever is worth our / us doing is worth our / us doing well. / Every effort that we make is
not necessarily successful. … / Every effort that we put in is not always going to / does not al ways work, …
4．句中使用定语从句和as well as“和---一样”结构，句子主语是as well as之前的内容，谓
语与主语一致。

再结合所给汉语可知book后加定语从句，答案为The book (that / which) a person is reading at present as well as his daily words and deeds / actions clearly indicates / shows / suggests what kind of person he is.
4．高中英语翻译题：Translation
1．不掌握大量词汇是无法学好一门外语的。

（without）
2．对于怎么解决我的问题，我的同事提出来很多建设性建议。

(as to )
3．她的演讲非常有趣，观众忍不住时不时发出笑声。

（cannot help）
4．生态保护对人类的福祈和未来至关重要，也孕育着世界发展的历史性机遇。

(bring
about )
【答案】
1．There is no way to lean a foreign language well without mastering great amounts of vocabulary.
2．As to how to settle my problems my workmates supported many constructive advice.
3．Her speech was so amusing that the audience couldn’t help bursting into laughter now and
then.
4．Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future, which also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查学生对于词汇的应用能力和语句构造能力。

1．考查固定句式和介词短语作原因状语。

分析句子可知，可以使用固定句式：there is no way to do,意为“无法做某事”；提供介词without可以构成without+V-ing 宾语结构作原因状语，意为“在没有…的情况下”，再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：There is no way to lean a foreign language well without mastering great amounts of vocabulary. 。

2．考查固定结构和时态。

分析句子可知，as to 意为“对于…”，之后接名词性短语。

因此汉语“怎么解决我的问题”，可以译为“how to settle my problems”, 分析可得时态为过去发生的时间，用一般过去时。

再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：As to how to settle my problems my workmates supported many constructive advice。

3．考查固定结构和结果状语从句。

分析句子可知，前后句为因果关系，可用“so…that”句式，译为“如此,,,以致于…”,所给动词词组cannot help 为固定结构，之后接+V-ing ,译为“禁不住做某事”。

结合语境表达，应为一般过去时态，再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：Her speech was so amusing that the audience c ouldn’t help bursting into laughter now and then. 4．考查固定结构和非限制性定语从句。

分析句子可知，“对..至关重要”可用词组is essential to,主语为Ecological protection，宾语为human beings well-being and future，所提供固定结构bring about可意为“孕育”，且后半句可以用非限制性定语从句翻译，先行词由Ecological protection充当。

再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future, which also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.
【点睛】
第4小题属于难度较大题目，在词汇，句式，语法方面要求较高。

词汇方面：be essential to对..很重要，bring about 引起，在做此题时，可以将题目一分为二：即：1）生态保护对人类的福祈和未来至关重要。

2）生态保护也孕育着世界发展的历史性机遇。

分别翻译可得：
Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future
Ecological protection also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.确立先行词为Ecological protection，第2句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。

因此可以翻译为：Ecological protection is essential to human beings well-being and future, which also brings about the historical opportunity of the world’s development.
5．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1．女孩子们没有必要在深夜为了省钱而去拼车。

（need n.）
2．在现代社会中，年轻人承受着巨大的压力，这会导致平均寿命的缩短。

(which)
3．他在联合国大会上关于消除性别歧视的演讲获得了高度赞扬。

(compliment)
4．他在最后期限到之前全身心投入论文的写作，最终因为劳累病了。

( down)
【答案】
1． There is no need for girls to share a car at midnight to save money.
2． Young people are under a lot of stress in the modern society, which will result in/ cause/ lead to the shortening of average life expectance.
3． His speech on eliminating gender prejudice at the conference in the United Nations received great compliments.
4． He had been devoted to the essay writing before the deadline and eventually was down with tiredness.
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查翻译句子，注意一些固定短语和固定句型的使用，同时也要注意名词单复数及非谓语动词。

1．本题的难点在于There is no need for sb to do句型，注意拼车可以用share a car来表示。

2．本题的难点在于非限定性定语从句的使用，under stress表示“承受压力”。

3．本题需要注意compliment是可数名词，此处要使用复数形式。

4．本题需要注意be devoted to后需要接动名词或名词作宾语，be down with表示“由于……病倒了”。

6．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1．你的思想越开明，就越不容易受他人观点的影响。

(The more...)
2．到底是什么让你对考试结果抱有如此乐观的态度？(it)
3．面对激烈的竞争和许多不确定因素，家长对孩子的学业成绩感到焦虑是一件很正常的事。

(face)
4．社会发展的速度飞快，如果你固执于陈旧的观念无法跟上时代的步伐，那么不久你就会被时代抛弃。

(So)
【答案】
1．The more open-minded you are, the less easily you’ll be influenced by others’ opinions. 2．What is it that makes you hold such a positive attitude towards the result of the examination? 3．When parents are facing / faced with fierce competition and plenty of uncertainties, it is natural for them to feel anxious about their children’s academic p erformance.
4．So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts and can’t keep up with the pace of the times, it won’t be long before you are abandoned / deserted by the times.
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查汉译英，注意按括号内的要求翻译。

1．考查固定句式。

“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”，根据句意可知，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故翻译为：The more open-minded you are, the less easily you’ll be influenced by others’ opinions.
2．考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式。

强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：what is it that…?陈述的是客观情况，应该用一般现在时，故翻译为：What is it that makes you hold such a positive attitude towards the result of the examination?
3．考查face的用法和形式主语。

face表示“面对”时是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，也可用短语be faced with表示“面对”，根据句意可知本句用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：When parents are facing / faced with fierce competition and plenty of uncertainties, it is natural for them to feel anxious about their children’s academic performance.
4．考查so…that的倒装和条件状语从句。

stick to表示“坚持、固执于”，keep up with 表示“赶上”，so…that结构中so连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装，that后的结果状语从句不倒装，if引导的条件状语从句的复合句遵循“主将从现”
原则，故翻译为：So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts and can’t keep up with the pace of the times, it won’t be long before you are abandoned / deserted by the times.
7．高中英语翻译题：Translation
1．说到故宫新开的火锅餐厅，许多网民指责其过度商业化。

（ accuse）
2．在二十世纪五十年代，尽管他对古典音乐心怀热情，但他不得不向现实低头。

(despite) 3．学术造假如此致命，一个小事就可以毁了一个好不容易建立的名声。

（So）
4．一个有远见的领导能让其员工客服软肋，发挥潜能，齐心协力，从而打造一支高效的团队。

（thus ）
【答案】
1．Speaking of /talking of /When it comes to the hotpot restaurant opened recently/the newly-build hotpot restaurant in Imperial Palace/Forbidden City, many netizens accuse it of its over-commercialization./ it is accused of its over-commercialization.
2．In the 1950s, despite his passion for classic music, he had to give in to /surrender to
reality/compromise with the reality/give way to reality/come to terms with reality.
3．So fatal/disastrous/deadly/destructive is academic cheating/misconduct/faking that an incident can ruin a person’s reputation which he has made effort to build up/establish/set
up/build.
4．A leader with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader enables his employees to overcome/get over the weakness, develop/tap the potential and make
joint/combined efforts, thus building an efficient term.
【解析】
【分析】
1．考查固定短语和动词时态。

固定短语speaking of /talking of /when it comes to表示“说到……；谈起……”；accuse of表示“谴责；指责”；Imperial Palace/Forbidden City“故宫”。

本句为一般现在时，可用netizens作主语，谓语动词用原形；也可用it做主语，用一般现在时的被动语态。

故翻译为Speaking of /talking of /When it comes to the hotpot restaurant opened recently/the newly-build hotpot restaurant in Imperial Palace/Forbidden City, many netizens accuse it of its over-commercialization./ it is accused of its over-commercialization.
2．考查固定短语和动词时态。

固定短语in the 1950s“在二十世纪五十年代”；passion
for“对……强烈爱好”；give in/ surrender to/ compromise with/ give way to/ come to terms with“屈服；投降”；本句考查despite的用法，引导一个让步状语从句，以及句子的让步关系。

结合句意主句应用一般过去时。

故翻译为In the 1950s, despite his passion for classic music, he had to give in to /surrender to reality/compromise with the reality/give way to
reality/come to terms with reality.
3．考查固定句式和定语从句。

固定短语make effort to“努力……”；build up/establish/set
up/build“建立”；本句为固定结构“so+形容词+谓语+主语+that从句”，表示“如此……以至于……”；且为定语从句修饰先行词reputation，先行词在从句中做宾语，指“名誉”应用which引导。

从句中应用现在完成时。

故翻译为So fatal/disastrous/deadly/destructive is academic cheating/misconduct/faking that an incident can ruin a pers on’s reputation which he has made effort to build up/establish/set up/build.
4．考查固定短语和thus的用法。

表示“有远见的”可翻译为with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader；固定短语enable sb. to do sth.“能让某人做某事”；overcome/get over“克服”；make joint/combined effo rts“共同努力”；thus表示“因此，如此”。

故翻译为A leader with vision/of great vision/ a far-sighted leader/a visionary leader enables his employees to overcome/get over the weakness, develop/tap the potential and make joint/combined efforts, thus building an efficient term.
8．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1．你为实现年度小目标所作的努力实现了吗？(achieve)
2．我们的行动出于爱，不期望任何回报。

(return)
3．并不是每个人都清楚地知道大学毕业生所承担的就业压力。

(Not)
4．据说温泉有疗效，所以它们成了人们蜂拥而至的旅游洗浴的地方。

(where)
【答案】
1．Have you achieved the efforts you made to realize your little annual goal?
2．We act from love and expect nothing in return.
3．Not everyone is aware of the employment pressure of college graduates.
4．It is said that hot springs have curative effects, so they have become a tourist bathing place where people flock.
【解析】
1．考查时态。

根据提示，本句为现在完成时；“努力”effort，“年度小目标”little annual
goal，“实现”realize，再结合其它汉语提示，故本句译为：Have you achieved the efforts you made to realize your little annual goal?
2．考查短语。

根据提示，本句为一般现在时；“行动出于爱”act from love, “回报”in r eturn，“期待”expect，再结合其它汉语提示，故本句译为：We act from love and expect nothing in return.
3．考查短语。

根据提示，本句为一般现在时；“并非人人”not everyone（是三单），“知道”be aware of , “就业压力”pressure of employment，再结合其它汉语提示，故本句译为：Not everyone is aware of the employment pressure of college graduates.
4．考查固定句型和定语从句。

根据提示，本句为一般现在时；“据说”it is said that…，“温泉”hot spring，“有效”have effects，“蜂拥而至”flock,“旅游洗浴的地方”做先行词，从句中缺少地点状语用where引导定语从句，再结合其它汉语提示，故本句译为：It is said that hot springs have curative effects, so they have become a tourist bathing place where people flock.
9．高中英语翻译题：Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
1．据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命,摧毁了7000多幢房腿(It)
2．我国正在全力以赴促进经济与结构调整。

(promote)
3．只有车记使备中国才能早日实现。

(Only)
4．许多中国的航空公司允许乘客在飞行过程中使用手机,这意味我们可以在空中玩喜欢的游戏了。

(allow)
【答案】
1．It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings. 2．Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
3．Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
4．Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
【解析】
1．考查形式主语。

It was reported that据报道，该句型是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句中，使用过去完成时，故翻译为It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.
2．考查时态和动词。

表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，promote是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故翻译为Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.
3．考查部分倒装。

以“only+它所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句”位于句首时，常使用部分倒装，故翻译为Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.
4．考查固定句型和非限制性定语从句。

allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，该句型是固定句型。

这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，故翻译为Many Chinese
airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.
10．高中英语翻译题：Translation
1．我突然想起我忘记通知他们考试的时间地点了。

(occur)
2．任何能够采用新方法解决这道技术难题的人，都值得受到奖赏。

(approach)
3．我们不该等到感恩节才向那些关心和爱护我们的人表示感激，这是我们每天生活中应该做的事。

(until)
4．随着技术的发展以及电脑的普及，网络课程在多大程度上能取代传统教学方法还需拭目以待。

(extent)
【答案】
1．It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind them of the time and place for the exam. 2．Anyone who can adopt new approaches to solving the technical problem deserves to be rewarded.
3．We shouldn’t show our gratitude to those who care about a nd love us until the Thanksgiving Day, which we should do in everyday life.
4．With the development of techniques and the popularity of computers. it remains to be seen to what extent the online classes can replace the traditional teaching ways.
【解析】
【分析】
考查句子翻译。

1．考查固定句式和固定短语。

固定句式It suddenly occurred to sb. that…“某人突然想起……”；固定短语forget to do sth.“忘记做某事”；remind sb. of sth.“提醒某人某事”。

结合句意应用一般过去时，故翻译为It suddenly occurred to me that I forgot to remind them of the time and place for the exam.。

2．考查定语从句和固定短语。

本句为定语从句修饰先行词anyone，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故关系代词用who。

固定短语adopt new approaches“采用新方法”；solve problem“解决问题”。

且主句应用一般现在时，主语为anyone，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

故翻译为Anyone who can adopt new approaches to solving the technical problem deserves to be rewarded.。

3．考查定语从句和固定短语。

本句为定语从句修饰先行词those，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故关系代词用who。

固定短语not…until…“直到……才……”；show gratitude“表达感激”；care about“关心”。

且应用非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，关系代词用which。

故翻译为We shouldn’t show our gratitude to those who care about and love us until the Thanksgiving Day, which we should do in everyday life.。

4．考查固定短语和固定句式。

本句为with的复合结构，表示“随着……”，固定句式it remains to be seen to…“……拭目以待”，且结合句意应用一般现在时，故翻译为With the development of techniques and the popularity of computers, it remains to be seen to what
extent the online classes can replace the traditional teaching ways.。