陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 6
2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译
2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译【篇一】2021年12月大学英语六级长难句翻译1. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大水准上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]所以，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图化其利润的欲望和个人想化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit6
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit61.Granted that the presence elements need not argue an authorialawareness of novelistic construction comparable that of Herry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.诚然小说中出现这些元素并不代表作者如Herry James一样，有着构思小说的作家意识，但是小说中的这些元素确实可以激励一些统一小说中不同部分的尝试。
2.As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not asingle law has been framed or one stone has been set upon anther because of anything that Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.正如她在《普通读者》里所说的那样，“Chaucer所说的或所写的并不能形成一部法律，也不能让石块逐个累加起来（注：也就是‘平地高楼拔地起’的意思）；但是，我们阅读他的作品时，我们的每一个毛孔中都能感受到道德的气息。
3.As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encounteredgenerally changed abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.当震波穿过岩层分界线时，岩层分界线的弹性特征会突然改变，地震波的部分能量将会被反射回地面，地震仪器在此记录反射回来的地震波。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit8
1.Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’scategories) is “life-as-spectacle”,for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its heroes Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are asked to id entify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.如果使用Maynard Mack的分类法的话,《奥德赛》的主题就是“生命是一段奇特的旅程”,因为读者会以旁观者的心态来看待作品主人公Odysseus的一生,在此过程中,读者很享受Odysseus如何应对各种各样的意外事件。
但是,悲剧《伊利亚特》的主题却是“生命是由现实经历构成的”,作品要求读者能体会到Achilles 的心境,而Achilles的动机却使他不是特别具有吸引力。
2.But those of who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly publishedcomplete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.Kolb 新出版的著作完整收录了Proust在1909年所写的所有信件,人们期待这部著作能够更加详细的记录这个过程。
但是,他们对Kolb失望了。
3.This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits andevents not directly related to glacial and interglacial period, rather than being based on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.这个次序主要建立在一系列与冰川期与间冰期没有直接联系的沉积物和事件之上,而不是基于一种更常见的现代方法----这种现代方法研究冰川期沉积物之间的间冰期地层中的生物残骸。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit13
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit131.Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar,its internal representation becomes more holistic and that the recognition process becomes correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.虽然一些实验表明，当人们对某一物体熟悉之后，这个物体在内心中的形象变得更加完整，相应的对其的认知过程也更趋于平行，但是似乎有更重要的证据能够证明辩识过程是一系列的假说，至少对于不是特别简单或者熟悉的物体而言。
2.As a representative system in which elected officials both determinegovernment policy and elected officials are accountable to a broad-based electorate, polyarchy reinforce a diffusion of power away from any single center and a diffusion of power toward a variety of individuals, groups, and organizations.多元民主政治制度是一种代议制体制，在这个体制中，被选出来的官员不仅制定了政策，还要对广泛的选民负责。
多元民主政治制度加强了权力从单一的中心向四周的扩散，并且使得权力流向不同的个人、团体和组织。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 16
1.In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’sCane, verges on expressionism or verges on surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?除此之外，一些黑人小说（例如Jean Toomer的《公民凯恩》）的写作风格接近于表现主义或者说是超现实主义。
然而，目前流行的小说是以黑人主人公与命运抗争为主题的，这种小说的写作风格更接近于自然主义。
那么，是不是说表现主义或者超现实主义的写作手法是自然主义的写作手法的对立面呢？2.Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural communitygrazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then by computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.Hargrave 和Geen的研究是这样估计食草群落在自然状态下的捕食速率的：他们首先测量单个浮游生物在实验室环境下的捕食速率，然后再利用食草动物的数量密度算出其在野外的群体捕食速率。
3.Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents toextract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but these attitudes are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.诸如Le Roy Ladurie这样的历史学家们从众多文献史料中选取出一些历史案例，这些历史案例不仅反映了不同社会群体的态度（这些态度包括但不限于对犯罪与法律的态度），而且还反映了政府如何维持正义。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 4
1.Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics isslight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans.不幸的是，对这些流行病和其他流行病的记录的数量很少而且经常不可靠，因而有必要把美国土著中最近发生的流行病的证据补充到我们知之甚少的信息中。
2.Scientists have begun to suspect that this intergalactic gas isprobably a mixture of gases left over from the “big bong” when the galaxies were formed and gas was forced out of galaxies by supernova explosions.科学家们开始推测，这种星际间的气体可能是一种从“大爆炸”遗留下来的一些气体的混合物，当时形成了许多星系而且超新星的爆炸使得这些气体脱离了星系。
3.However，recent investigations have shown that the concentrationsof the most mRNA’s correlate best, not with their synthesis rate, but rather with the equally variable rates at which cells degrade the different mRNA’s in their cytoplasm.但是最近的调查已经表明，大多数mRNA的浓度并不是与其合成速率最相关，而是与细胞在其细胞质中降解不同的mRNA的速率最为相关，降解速率与合成速率一样是易变的。
GRE考试阅读长难句的结构分析(6篇)
GRE考试阅读长难句的结构分析（6篇）GRE考试阅读长难句的结构分析1如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and BGRE考试阅读长难句的结构分析2如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .GRE考试阅读长难句的结构分析31)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分a、主语从句b、宾语从句2)长状语3)层层修饰4)并列成分GRE考试阅读长难句的结构分析4(1)重复的成分(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealthGRE考试阅读长难句的结构分析5Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 9
1.During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “usefl”child who contributed to the family economy give way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its presents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”.她认为，在19世纪，能对家庭经济有所贡献的“有用的”小孩的概念逐渐让位于现在“无用的”小孩的观点，即虽然这些小孩不能为父母创造收入，而且对于父母来说的确极其费钱，但他们在情感上仍被认为是无价的。
2.“Expulsion of children from the …cash nexus‟… although expulsionis clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,”Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process …of sacrelization‟ of children‟s lives.”Zelizer认为，：“将孩子排除在‘金钱关系‟之外。
虽然明显的被经济、职业、家庭结构的深刻变化所塑造，但这也是孩子生命‘神圣化’的文化进程的一部分。
”3.The question of whether decrease in plant fecundity caused by thespraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still reminds unanswered.喷洒杀虫剂是否引起了植物结果率的下降，继而真的引起开花植物品种的整体种群数量的下降，这个问题仍未解决。
陈琦GRE填空强化36套1-3
目录《陈琦GRE填空强化36套（老G版）》使用说明2第一套71.1核心词汇表 (7)1.2练习题 (8)第二套152.1核心词汇表 (15)2.2练习题 (16)第三套233.1核心词汇表 (23)3.2练习题 (24)6第一套1.1核心词汇表《新GRE核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共46词）absolute aggressive apathy apprehensivearray assess austere autonomybanal beneficent cacophony circumspectclaim compendium conservative conspicuouscontent demonstrate denounce disparatedistinctive elude enlightenfloutharness hyperbole impeccable imprudentindispensable innocuous meretricious milieunovel preoccupation prototype salientsincere specific spectator sporadicstrike superficial tame tendentiousvoyeur welter基础单词补充（共27词）accept v.tr.接受：To receive(something offered),especially with gladnessadjustment n.调整：The act of adjusting or the state of being adjustedalienation n.疏远：The act of alienating or the condition of being alienated;estrangement consistent adj.符合的：In agreement;compatiblecontext n.背景：The circumstances in which an event occurs;a settingimpose v.tr.欺骗：To offer or circulate fraudulently;pass offinactive adj.不活动的：Not active or tending to be activeinnovation n.创新：The act of introducing something newinsatiably adj.无法满足的：Impossible to satiate or satisfy78第一套institutionalize v.tr.制度化：To make into,treat as,or give the character of an institution tointegrate v.tr.融合：To make into a whole by bringing all parts together;unifymanage v.tr.管理/经营：To direct the affairs or interests ofmilestone n.里程碑：An important event,as in a person’s career,the history of a nation, or the advancement of knowledge in afield;a turning pointnonexistent n.不存在：The condition of not existingobject n.目的：The purpose,aim,or goal of a specific action or effortoptimistic adj.乐观的：optimisticredistribution n.重新分配：An economic theory or policy that advocates reducing in-equalities in the distribution of wealthresemble v.tr.表现得与···类似：To exhibit similarity or likeness torestrain v.tr.限制：To limit or restrictstem v.tr.抵抗：To make headway againstsubmission n.投降/屈服：The act of submitting to the power of another superstructure n.上层建筑：A physical or conceptual structure extended or developed from a basic formsupplementary adj.补充的：Added or serving as a supplementunderlie v.tr.作为···的基础：To be the support or basis of;account forunjustifiable adj.无法原谅的：Impossible to excuse,pardon,or justifyunrealistic adj.脱离现实的：Not compatible with reality or fact;unreasonably idealistic violation n.违反：The act or an instance of violating or the condition of being violated1.2练习题1-1When an oppressed group revolts against a society,one must look for the forces that led to the group’s that society.A disparate···acknowledgment ofB specific···dependence onC altered···redistribution withinD focused···interference withE underlying···alienation from1.2练习题91-2Every novel invites us to enter a world that is initially strange;our gradual and selective orientation to its manners infants’to their environment.A imitates···welcomeB completes···introductionC resembles···adjustmentD alters···blindnessE reinforces···resistance1-3Superficial differences between the special problems and techniques of the physical sci-ences and those of the biological sciences are sometimes cited as evidence for the of biology and for the claim that the methods of physics are therefore not adequate to biolog-ical inquiry.A autonomyB vitalsmC purposivenessD obsolescenceE irrelevance1-4As the creation of new knowledge through science has become resistance to innova-tion has become less taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack.A controversial···sporadicB institutionalized···aggressiveC essential···effectiveD public···circumspectE suspect···lively1-5Lizzie was a brave woman who could dare to incur a great danger for an adequate.10第一套A riskB combatC objectD eventE encounter1-6Rousseau’s short discourse,a work that was generally the cautious,unadorned prose of the day,deviated from that prose style in its discussion of the physical sciences.A critical of···lengthyB superior to···austereC bolder than···intelligentD consistent with···unrestrainedE influenced by···uninspired1-7Certainly Murray’s preoccupation with the task of editing the Oxford English Dictionary begot a kind of monomania,but it must be regarded as a or at least an innocuous one.A tameB tendentiousC meretriciousD beneficentE sincere1-8Although there are weeks of negotiations ahead,and perhaps setbacks and new surprises, leaders of both parties are that their differences can be resolved.A optimisticB perplexedC apprehensiveD incredulousE uncertain1.2练习题111-9The losing animal in a struggle saves itself from destruction by an act of,an act usually recognized and by the winner.A submission···acceptedB hostility···avoidedC bluffing···reaffirmedD anger···condonedE hatred···duplicated1-10He never the wisdom I had claimed for him,and my friends quickly dismissed my estimate of his ability as.A repudiated···ironyB inhibited···propagandaC demonstrated···hyperboleD masked···exaggerationE vindicated···understatement1-11It would seem that absolute qualities in art us,that we cannot escape viewing works of art in of time and circumstance.A enlighten···a patternB frighten···an absenceC confuse···a welterD elude···a contextE deceive···a milieu1-12This new government is faced not only with its economy,but also with implementing new rural development programs to theflow of farm workers to the city.A managing···stemB offsetting···harnessC bolstering···transmitD challenging···measureE modernizing···subsidize12第一套1-13An analysis of the ideas in the novel compels an analysis of the form of the work,particu-larly when form and content are as as they are in The House of the Seven Gables.A symptomaticB delineatedC integratedD conspicuousE distinctive1-14The blueprints for the new automobile were atfirst glance,but the designer had been basically too conservative to previous standards of beauty.A striking···floutB impractical···ignoreC impeccable···dispelD influential···assessE confusing···incorporate1-15Because its average annual rainfall is only about four inches,one of the major tasks faced by the country has been tofind sources of water.A discontinuousB naturalC supplementaryD pervasiveE initial1-16Both television commercials and programs present view of the material world,one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.A an unrealisticB an imprudentC a standardizedD a perplexingE a banal1.2练习题131-17Although it is unusual to denounce museum-goers for not painting,it is quite common, even for those,who are unenthusiastic about sports,to criticize for athletic.A artists···ignoranceB spectators···inactivityC athletes···snobberyD scholars···apathyE commentators···partiality1-18Because the order in which the parts of speech appear in the sentences of a given language is decided merely by custom,it is to maintain that every departure from that order constitutes a of a natural law.A traditional···transformationB conventional···transgressionC necessary···prototypeD unjustifiable···violationE unreasonable···formulation1-19Most people are shameless where the very rich are concerned,curious about how they get their money and how they spend it.A prigs···secretlyB critics···endlesslyC voyeurs···insatiablyD exhibitionists···blatantlyE ingrates···selfishly1-20Some biologists argue that each specifically human trait must have arisen gradually and erratically,and that it is therefore difficult to isolate definite in the evolution of the species.14第一套AfluctuationsB generationsC predispositionsD milestonesE manifestations1-21Ultimately,the book’s credibility is strained;the slender,though far from,web of evidence presented on one salient point is expected to support a vast of implications.A unconvincing···cacophonyB nonexistent···superstructureC indispensable···arrayD intricate···networkE imposing···compendium第二套2.1核心词汇表《新GRE核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共40词）absolute ambiguous anomalous aspectcandor compendium compromise congenialconsiderable crucial decipher derelictdeter diplomatic enigma ephemeralfrustrate harmonious implement innovativeintangible lag measured mediocremenial military obdurate ordealoverwrought paucity pertinent prerequisiteprovisional random soliloquy substitutesubtle vague visionary welter基础单词补充（共20词）ambitious adj.热切的/渴望的：Greatly desirous;eagerantagonist n.敌手/对立的人：One who opposes and contends against another;an adver-sarycoherence n.一致性：The quality or state of cohering,especially a logical,orderly,and aesthetically consistent relationship of partsenormous adj.巨大的：Very great in size,extent,number,or degreeextension n.延伸：The act of extending or the condition of being extendedfuse v.tr.融合：To mix(constituent elements)together by or as if by melting;blend independent adj.独立的：Not governed by a foreign power;self-governingindividual adj.单独的：Existing as a distinct entity;separateintegrate v.tr.融合：To make into a whole by bringing all parts together;unifymerely adv.仅仅：And nothing else or more;only1516第二套opacity n.难以理解：Obscurity;impenetrabilitypermeate v.tr.漫布：To spread orflow throughout;pervadepolitical adj.政治的：Relating to,involving,or characteristic of politics,parties,or politi-ciansprevention n.预防/防止：The act of preventing or impedingreverse v.tr.反转：Turned backward in position,direction,or orderrevolutionary adj.革命性的：Often Revolutionary Of,relating to,or being a revolution routine n.老一套：A set of customary and often mechanically performed procedures or activitiesscale n.比例尺：A calibrated line,as on a map or an architectural plan,indicating such a proportionuncommon adj.不寻常的：Not common;rarevaluable adj.有价值的：Of great importance,use,or service2.2练习题2-1Unlike a judge,who must act alone,a jury discusses a case and then reaches its decision as a group,thus minimizing the effect of bias.A legalB professionalC individualD unexpectedE unarticulated2-2One reason why pertinent fossils are is that crucial stages of evolution occurred in the tropics,where it is difficult to explore for fossils,and so their discovery has.A unique···resultedB unconcealable···declinedC uncommon···laggedD recent···resumedE prominent···failed2.2练习题172-3The harmonious accommodation reached by the warring factions exemplifies the axiom that is possible among people of goodwill,even when they have previously held quite perspectives.A candor···indistinguishableB tension···congenialC agreement···unequivocalD compromise···antagonisticE coexistence···fixed2-4The prime minister tried to act,but the plans were by her cabinet.A frustratedB discussedC embellishedD overlookedE unleashed2-5Amid the collapsing or out-of-control mechanical devices,the belching volcano had a dis-turbingly quality,like a character who has stumbled onstage by mistake.A anomalousB overwroughtC obdurateD ephemeralE derelict2-6It is an error to regard the imagination as a mainly force;if it destroys and alters,it also hitherto isolated beliefs,insights,and mental habits into strongly unified sys-tems.18第二套A visionary···conjuresB beneficial···convertsC revolutionary···fusesD negative···shuntsE synthetic···integrates2-7The semantic of ancient documents is not unique;even in our own time,many doc-uments are difficult to decipher.A aspectB patternC opacityD intentionE erudition2-8The success of any government depends on its ability to both foreign and domestic policies.A political···implementB military···distributeC social···completeD essential···violateE diplomatic···subsidize2-9Although Ms.Brown found some of her duties to be,her supervision of forty work-ers was a considerable responsibility.A ambiguousB provisionalC menialD uniqueE mediocre2.2练习题192-10Since the process of atherosclerosis cannot be in humans,the best treatment known at this time is of the disease.A reversed···preventionB discovered···remissionC defined···explanationD alleviated···detectionE precipitated···containment2-11Postmodern architecture is not concerned with the easy goal of returning to the past,but with the more and difficult aim of historical forms into a new and complex whole.A important···changingB subtle···integratingC intellectual···updatingD rewarding···dramatizingE ornamental···compressing2-12In pollen dating,geologic happenings are dated in terms of each other,and one can get just so far by matching sequences;but in radiocarbon dating the scale of time is measured in terms of centuries or years.A random···selectiveB irrelevant···usableC vague···relativeD independent···absoluteE imaginary···calculable2-13Many welfare reformers would substitute a single,federallyfinanced income support sys-tem for the existing of overlapping programs.20第二套A paucityB coreC functionalismD participationE welter2-14Because the report contained much more information than the reviewers needed to see, the author was asked to submit a instead.A compendiumB soliloquyC treatiseD prerequisiteE critique2-15Her lecture gave a sense of how empty the universe is,in spite of the number of stars within it.A diminishingB varyingC enormousD unusualE limited2-16The wilderness is in that it permits people to face an important reality—one that demands much of them as thinking,reacting,working individuals,not as human machines.A foreign···necessarilyB intangible···physicallyC stimulating···creativelyD discouraging···neutrallyE valuable···merely2.2练习题21 2-17Ambrose Blerce’s biographers agree that the Civil War was the central experience of his life,the event to which be constantly returned and the that brought some to the hitherto random pattern of his youth.A ordeal···coherenceB interruption···continuityC climax···confusionD escape···diversionE hiatus···rigidity2-18The constitutional guarantee of free speech may have been aimed at protecting native speakers of English from censorship,but it is not a great to interpret it as protecting the right to express oneself in any natural language or dialect.A enigmaB extensionC sacrificeD condemnationE attenuation2-19Although Darwinism was a profoundly world view,it was essentially passive,since it prescribed no steps to be taken,no victories over nature to be celebrated,no program of triumphs to be successively gained.A limitedB repressiveC debatableD innovativeE paradoxical2-20Personnel experts say that attractive benefits alone will not always keep executives from changing jobs for better long-range opportunities,but they think the enticements may deter many executives from accepting offers from other companies.22第二套A discontented···preferableB ambitious···routineC unqualified···inferiorD experienced···superiorE dedicated···advantageous2-21The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start,for adult consciousness is by the awareness of duration.A intriguedB repelledC measuredD acceleratedE permeated第三套3.1核心词汇表《新GRE核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共46词）accommodate adamant affectation agilityalloy argument authority belligerentcognizant compelling conceal conscientiouscontent decorum deliberate dischargeeclectic enigma exceptional exodusgerminate hoard incentive indifferentindulgent inevitable ingenuity inherentinsolent mellifluous paradox partisanpretense propriety provoke purityrefute secular stock subjecttact tangible trivial validviable wanderlust基础单词补充（共16词）atrocity n.残暴：Appalling or atrocious condition,quality,or behavior;monstrousness bereft adj.缺少的：Lacking something needed or expectedcombine v.intr.融合：To become united;coalescecynical adj.与别人观点不一致的/愤世嫉俗的：Scornful of the motives,virtue,or integrity of othersdevelopment n.发展：The act of developingdiscover v.tr.发现：To be thefirst tofind,learn of,or observedissimilar adj.不同的：Unlike;differentearthy adj.朴实的：Hearty or uninhibited;naturalelegance n.优雅：Refinement,grace,and beauty in movement,appearance,or manners2324第三套insurance n.保险：The act,business,or system of insuringpredict v.tr.预言：To state,tell about,or make known in advance,especially on the basis of special knowledgeremote adj.远程的：Located far away;distant in spacesucceed v.intr.接着发生：To come next in time or succession;follow after another,replace another in an office or a positionsuspicious adj.不信任的：Tending to suspect;distrustfuluneasy adj.担心的：Lacking a sense of security;anxious or apprehensiveunfounded adj.没有事实依据的：Not based on fact or sound evidence;groundles3.2练习题3-1It is true that the seeds of some plants have after two hundred years of dormancy, but reports that viable seeds have been found in ancient tombs such as the pyramids are entirely.A revived···empiricalB germinated···unfoundedC endured···irrelevantD erupted···reasonableE proliferated···substantiated3-2Even though many persons in the audience jeered the star throughout the play,she cur-tain calls.A refused allB adored someC delayed severalD appeared forE balked at3-3The most technologically advanced societies have been responsible for the greatest; indeed,savagery seems to be in direct proportion to.3.2练习题25A wars···viciousnessB catastrophes···ill-willC atrocities···developmentD inventions···know-howE triumphs···civilization3-4The combination of and in Edmund’s speech can be starting,especially when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity amid the mellifluous circumlocutions of a gentleman of the old school.A tact···innocenceB raciness···ribaldryC piousness···modestyD elegance···earthinessE propriety···bashfulness3-5For many young people during the Roaring Twenties,a disgust with the excesses of Amer-ican culture a wanderlust to provoke an exodus abroad.A stymiedB overwhelmedC reflectedD combined withE conflicted with3-6Every new theory not only must the valid predictions of the old theory,but must also explain why those predictions within the range of that old theory.A organize···failedB generate···falteredC promote···functionedD refute···evolvedE accommodate···succeeded3-7Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of facts.A disturbing···ordinaryB material···remoteC emotional···impersonalD definitive···controversialE familiar···symbolic3-8Even though six players had been injured,the coach announced to the assembled reporters that the team would the championship.A ignoreB winC overcomeD demandE refuse3-9Although Jungius detected Galileo’s in thinking that the curve assumed by a chain hanging freely between two supports was a parabola,he did not what the true form might be.A wisdom···questionB rationale···proveC error···discoverD sincerity···concealE ingenuity···understand3-10Perhaps,since an ability to communicate effectively is an important trait of any great leader,it has been the Presidents who have delivered the most notable inaugural addresses.A predictably···exceptionalB invariable···famousC undeniably···indomitableD reciprocally···traditionalistE impractically···influential3-11Her remarkable,whichfirst became apparent when she repeatedly defeated the older children at school,eventually earned for her some rewards,including a full athletic scholarship and severalfirst-place trophies.A sportsmanship···academicB agility···monetaryC modesty···unanticipatedD speed···tangibleE patience···well-deserved3-12An example of an illegitimate method of argument is to lump cases together delib-erately under the that the same principles apply to each.A unsuitable···impressionB disputable···stipulationC irrelevant···assumptionD dissimilar···pretenseE indeterminate···rationale3-13The of her career was her achievement of her greatest intellectual authority at the very moment when she was of a compelling subject.A irony···assuredB dilemma···certainC enigma···cognizantD paradox···bereftE epitome···despairing3-14Although ordinarily skeptical about the purity of Robinson’s motives,in this instance Jenk-ins did not consider Robinson’s generosity to be consideration of personal gain.A lacking inB contrary toC alloyed withD mitigated byE repudiated by3-15There are simply no for buying stock in certain industries since rapidly changing environmental restrictions will make a profitable return on any investment very unlikely.A incentivesB arrangementsC explanationsD conditionsE procedures3-16He was widely regarded as a man because he revealed daily his distrust of human nature and human motives.A disrespectfulB cynicalC confusedD misinformedE fanatical3-17Suspicious of too powerful a President,Americans nonetheless are when a President does not act decisively.A unifiedB indifferentC contentD uneasyE adamant3-18For those Puritans who believed that obligations were imposed by divine will,the correct course of action was not withdrawal from the world but conscientious of the duties of business.A practical···mystificationB inherent···manipulationC secular···dischargeD earthly···disavowalE trying···moderation3-19Many philosophers agree that the verbal aggression of profanity in certain radical news-papers is not or childish,but an assault on essential to the revolutionaries purpose.A belligerent···fallibilityB serious···proprietyC insolent···sociabilityD deliberate···affectationE trivial···decorum3-20Plants store a of water in their leaves,stems,or understock to provide themselves with a form of that will carry them through the inevitable drought they must suffer in the wild.A supply···toleranceB hoard···insuranceC reservoir···accommodationD provision···restorationE contribution···support3-21Although in her own responses to the plays she reviewed,the theatre critic was, paradoxically,those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation.A dogmatic···impatient withB eclectic···suspicious ofC partisan···hostile towardD capricious···intrigued byE indulgent···indebted by。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 15
1.The discrepancy between historical fact and artistic vision,useful in refuting the extreme deterministic position, merely forced these writers to seek a new formula that allowed them to preserve the desired identity between image and reality, this time the discrepancy …. merely forced these writers to seek a rather suspiciously psychic one: Watteau did not record the society that he knew, but rather “foresaw”a society that developed shortly after his death.历史事实与艺术幻想之间存在差距，这种差距在反驳极端宿命论的立场中是非常有用的，而且它能够紧紧迫使这些作者寻找一个新的模式来保留画作与现实之间的特性，这次这种差距迫使这些作者去寻找一个相当超自然的社会：Watteau并没有记录他所知道的社会，而是去“预测”一个在他死后会马上出现的社会。
2.Besides the normal economic risk that accompanies suchenterprises, investors face the additional risk that the host government may attempt unilaterally to change in its favor the terms of the agreement or even the host government may attempt unilaterally to terminate the agreement altogether and the host government may attempt unilaterally to appropriate the project for itself.除了伴随这种企业而来的正常的经济风险之外，投资者还要面临其他的额外的风险，比如主办国政府单边尝试改变合同条款，使得合同对主办国政府更有利，或者甚至主办国政府单方面禁止条款，将合作项目收归私有。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit7
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit71. However, none of these high-technology methods are of anyvalueif the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and tomaximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore payparticular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely tobemineralized.但是，如果这些方法所应用的地点没有被矿化的话那么这些高科技方法就毫无价值。
因此，探索者为了最大化发现矿产的机会，必须对选择最有可能被矿化的地质构成给予特别的关注。
2. Rather，the coincidence of increased United States governmentantidiscrimination pressure in the mid-1960s with theacceleration inthe rate of black economic progress beginning in 1965argues againstthe community theorists 'view.20世纪60年代中期，美国政府反对歧视的压力不断升高，与此同时，从1965 年开始，黑人经济状况改善的步伐越来越快。
确切的说，这两个事件的同时发生违背了连续性理论家的观点。
3. Although at first the colonies held little positive attractionfor theEnglish—they would rather have stayed home—by theeighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because theyregarded it as the land ofopportunity.虽然起初对于英国人来说没有什么正面的吸引力，他们宁愿呆在家里，但是到了18 世纪的时候，越来越多的人移民到美国，因为他们将美国视为一片充满机会的土地。
gre写作高频题目及考点精析
gre写作高频题目及考点精析
【原创实用版】
目录
1.GRE 写作高频题目及考点精析的主要内容
2.作者陈琦的介绍
3.书中提供的 gre 写作考试常见问题解答
4.书中总结的 700 余篇学生习作的写作常犯错误
5.书中提到的实用备考方法
6.考场题目分享
正文
gre 写作高频题目及考点精析是一本针对 GRE 写作考试的辅导书。
书中从一个全新的角度对写作题库进行分类，即 14 种具体性指令，深入解读每一种指令，指出考生易错点。
同时，按照分类从 gre 写作官方题库中精选 40 道经典常考题目，编写高分范文，并由外教审校，为考生提供论证逻辑、立场、例证、语言等全方位参考素材。
此外，本书作者还在实践教学当中，细致梳理 700 余篇学生习作，总结写作常犯错误，供考生自检、改正。
作者陈琦是一位有着丰富教学经验的 gre 写作辅导专家，他曾是陈琦老师 gre 超高分组织小牛人俱乐部”成员（v167q170aw5.0），并且著有《gre 核心词汇考法精析》（再要你命 3000）及其便携版、《gre 高分必备短语搭配》、《gre/gmat/lsat 长难句 300 例精讲精练》,、《gre 写作高频题目及考点精析》等著作。
目前，陈琦老师在微臣教育线上作文课讲师及留学项目负责人。
在这本书中，作者详细解答了关于 gre 写作考试的常见问题，如考试规则、评分标准等，并且还提供了 700 余篇学生习作的写作常犯错误，
帮助考生在自检和改正中提高写作水平。
此外，书中还提供了许多实用备考方法，如阅读范文、分析评分规则、练习写作等。
同时，作者还分享了一些考场题目，帮助考生了解考试形式和题目类型，提前做好准备。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 17
1.They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes resultin a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and they posit that women’s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women.他们认为男女之间的生理差异导致了家庭和社会中必要的性别分工：他们还认为目前社会没有充分尊重女性的生殖能力，这对女性来说是不利的。
2.His thesis works relatively well when his thesis is applied todiscrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,”can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.他的理论在某种程度地上能够解释美国社会中针对黑人的歧视现象。
但是，他将种族歧视定义为“在某一个地区的种族竞争中，一个种族以种族差异为理由，对另一个种族产生的消极看法”，这种定义也可以用来解释对于一个种族的敌对态度，例如美国加州针对中国人的偏见和中世纪欧洲对犹太人的偏见。
2024年6月英语六级阅读
2024年6月英语六级阅读The sun had barely risen when the campus was already abuzz with anticipation. Students, armed with their study materials, were scattered across the library and open spaces, engrossed in their final preparations for the upcoming English proficiency test.In the quiet corners of the library, the rustling of pages and the soft whispers of last-minute vocabulary drills filled the air. The atmosphere was thick with a mix of determination and nervousness, as everyone knew the significance of this test for their academic and professional futures.The reading section, notorious for its breadth and depth, demanded more than just a passive glance. It required a strategic approach, where skimming and scanning were as crucial as comprehension. Students practiced identifying key points, making inferences, and drawing conclusions from complex texts.As the clock ticked closer to the exam time, the focus shifted to time management. Practicing under timed conditions became the norm, with each student trying to find the perfect balance between speed and accuracy. The goal was to finish the section with enough time to review, but not so much that it left room for second-guessing.The test day arrived, and with it, a wave of mixed emotions. The halls echoed with the footsteps of students, each carrying the weight of their aspirations. The English proficiency test was not just an assessment of language skills; it was a gateway to opportunities and a testament to their hard work.Inside the examination hall, the silence was palpable. Pens raced across papers, eyes darted from question to text, and minds worked tirelessly to decode the intricacies of the language. It was a battle of wits, where every second counted and every word held the key to success.As the final bell rang, a collective sigh of relief swept through the room. The test was over, and with it, a chapter of their academic journey had come to a close. The students, now free from the constraints of the exam, began to share their experiences, discuss the questions, and analyze their performances.In the days that followed, the conversations revolved around the test. The reading section, with its challenging passages and thought-provoking questions, continued to be a hot topic. It was a reminder of the journey they had embarked on and the heights they were determined to reach.。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit10
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit101.For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unitproduction costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive.例如，一个受益于规模经济（即大批量生产降低单位成本）的公司如果将商品价格定的低到有利可图的同时也让其它规模较小的竞争无法在这种价格下生存，最终会使得具备规模经济能力的公司占据大量的市场份额，在这种情况下该公司并没有违背反垄断法。
2.She wished to discard the traditional methods and she wished todiscard established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and she wished to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.他想要放弃传统技法和诸如芭蕾舞这种由来已久的舞蹈形式，从而去探索人类表现力的内在源泉。
3.Once Chinese immigrants begun to establish nuclear families andChinese immigrants begun to produce a second generation, instituting household production similar to that established by Japanese immigrants, their socioeconomic attainment soon paralleled that of Japanese immigrants and their descendants.一旦中国移民开始组建核心家庭并开始养育第二代移民时，他们就会建立起和日本移民一样的家庭生产模式，他们所取得的社会经济成就很快就会和日本移民及其后代所取得的成就相媲美。
Unit6TheAdmirableLesson1重点句子背诵版高中英语北师大版(2019)
Unit6 Lesson1重点句子1.她开头谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的关心下于20世纪70年月发觉的一种药。
She began to talk about the life－saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s.2.这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.3.屠呦呦于1930年12月30日诞生在中国浙江省。
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930.4.屠呦呦在感谢会授予她这项荣誉时说：“这不仅是我个人的荣誉，也是对中国全部科学家的认可和鼓舞。
〞。
When thanking the mittee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.〞5.毕业后，她成为中国中医科学院的一名成员。
After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.6.后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医，对传统医学有了深化的了解。
Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.7.在世界各地，科学家们始终在努力查找治疗的方法。
陈琦 戈弋 GRE 长难句300例unit 19
1.The “deindustrialization” thesis of B luestone and Harrison assertthat the replacement of domestic manufacturing with foreign manufacturing begun by Unite States corporations in the late 1960s resulted in a “hollowing out”of American industry, whereby workers displaced from manufacturing jobs through massive plant closings found themselves more or less permanently into lower-paying, less secure jobs or found themselves more or less permanently into unemployment.Bluestone 和Harrison的“去工业化”理论认为，美国企业从20世纪60年代末开始用外国制造来代替本国产品导致了美国工业被“挖空”，因此在工厂大规模关闭中失去了制造业工作的工人发现自己已经或多或少的永久进入到了低收入、低保障的工作中，或者失业。
2.Pocock’s assertion that Jefferson’s attacks on the commercial policiesof the Federalists simply echo the language of the Tory opposition in England is at odds with the fact that Jefferson rejected the elitist implications of that group’s notion of virtue and that Jefferson asserted the right of all to participate in commercial society.Pocock认为Jefferson对联邦党商业政策的抨击仅仅是效仿英格兰保守党的反对言论，但Pocock的论断与事实相互矛盾。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 14
1. The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability,who wanted a strong referee to give them some position in the race, who wanted a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; who wanted an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines”.那些失败者被认为是那些期望稳定的人，是那些需要一个强有力的裁判在比赛中给予他们某个位置的人，是那些需要一个调节性的手来平息狂怒的投机的人，是那些需要一个可以让事情停止的权威，从补偿性错开的“起跑线”上重新开始的人。
2. “Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine nochange except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, except through wider inclusion of competitors, except through providing “a piece of the action”, as it were, for the disenfranchised.美国的“改革“是无效的，因为这种改革不能设想出任何变化，除非通过扩展这个比赛的比喻范围，除非通过竞争者更广泛的纳入，除非为那些无权力者提供一个类似于”行动的机会“。
3. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth’s surface,and the enclosed seas seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.内海是地球表面的一个重要特征，而且急需解释，因为除了当前在的弧形岛屿链之后发展起来的内海之外，还存在一些年代更为久远的、成因可能类似的内海，比如墨西哥湾、黑海甚至北海有可能也这样。
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1.Granted that the presence elements need not argue an authorialawareness of novelistic construction comparable that of Herry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.诚然小说中出现这些元素并不代表作者如Herry James一样，有着构思小说的作家意识，但是小说中的这些元素确实可以激励一些统一小说中不同部分的尝试。
2.As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not asingle law has been framed or one stone has been set upon anther because of anything that Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.正如她在《普通读者》里所说的那样，“Chaucer所说的或所写的并不能形成一部法律，也不能让石块逐个累加起来（注：也就是‘平地高楼拔地起’的意思）；但是，我们阅读他的作品时，我们的每一个毛孔中都能感受到道德的气息。
3.As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encounteredgenerally changed abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.当震波穿过岩层分界线时，岩层分界线的弹性特征会突然改变，地震波的部分能量将会被反射回地面，地震仪器在此记录反射回来的地震波。
4.Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale wasfrequent, he shows that the slaves’performance, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.虽然Gutman 认为由于奴隶贸易而造成的强行分离非常频繁，但是他也认为，在买卖并不频繁的种植园中，奴隶们的偏好表现的最为明显，他们更倾向于选择稳定的一夫一妻制。
5.Civil rights activities have long argue that one of the principalreasons why Blacks ,Hispanic, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.长期以来，民权活动家就认为，黑人、拉美裔和其它少数族裔之所以难以在商界立足，其中的一个重要原因就在于他们缺乏获得大规模订单和由大公司产生的分包合同的途径。
6.Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free marketto operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United States.而且，那些认为允许自由市场不受干预的操作是最有效的定价方式的经济学家们并没有考虑到除美国外的其他的非社会主义国家的经济状况。
7.Who would want an unmarked pot when another was availablewhose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?当得到另一个已知出处、并由挖掘出它的考古学家通过地层分析法确定了其年代的陶罐时，谁会想要一个没有任何标记的陶罐呢？8.Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intendedto accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and by moving toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.近来，联邦政府的政策制定者们采取了一个思路来试图加速少数族裔企业的发展，这种思路不再对小型少数民族企业进行直接资助，而是通过资助中等规模的公司来帮助更大的、增长导向性的少数民族企业。
9.MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing the establishedfirms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.MESBIC源自这种理念，即与仅提供通用的管理经验和少量可用资金相比，像那些已经立足的公司提供更容易获得的相关管理技术、更专业的管理经验以及大量的资金更能让这些公司建立起坚实的商业基础。
10.A nd managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resistinnovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.并且当管理者面临需要需要最大程度降低成本的压力时，他们就会抵制创新，这是因为他们知道在工艺流程与体系方面产生的更加根本的变化将会对被用来考核他们表现的绩效结果造成巨大灾难。
11.F or instance, the mass-production philosophy of United Statesautomakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and in order to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently.例如，美国汽车制造商的批量生产观念鼓励了大规模汽车生产，这是为了充分利用昂贵的专用零件设备，同时也是为了充分占用那些被训练来高效完成某个操作的工人的工作时间。
12.W oodward confessed with ironic modesty that the first edition “hadbegun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in the history of American Revolution published in 1776.”Woodward以一种稍显讽刺的谦虚坦言道，第一版“已经开始受到一些缺陷的困扰，这些缺陷本来预期会出现在1776年出版的一本有关美国革命的历史书中”13.W hile the statement is perhaps true of those officers who joinedBlack units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this statement misrepresents the attitude of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments.虽然这种说法可能正确描述了那些为了升职或者其他动机而参加黑人部队的军官，但是该说法却错误的解读了许多后来在黑人部队中担任军官的废奴主义者的态度。
14.M oreover, arguments pointing out the extent of both structural andfunctional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteria convinced many biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common ancestor before the bacteria arose.而且，一些观点指出了真核细胞与真正细菌之间在结构和功能上的差异程度，这下观点使得许多生物学家相信，在细菌出现之前，真核细胞的祖先一定是从共同祖先那里分化出来的。