陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 9

1.During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “usefl”child who contributed to the family economy give way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its presents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”.她认为，在19世纪，能对家庭经济有所贡献的“有用的”小孩的概念逐渐让位于现在“无用的”小孩的观点，即虽然这些小孩不能为父母创造收入，而且对于父母来说的确极其费钱，但他们在情感上仍被认为是无价的。

2.“Expulsion of children from the …cash nexus‟… although expulsionis clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,”Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process …of sacrelization‟ of children‟s lives.”Zelizer认为，：“将孩子排除在‘金钱关系‟之外。

虽然明显的被经济、职业、家庭结构的深刻变化所塑造，但这也是孩子生命‘神圣化’的文化进程的一部分。

”3.The question of whether decrease in plant fecundity caused by thespraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still reminds unanswered.喷洒杀虫剂是否引起了植物结果率的下降，继而真的引起开花植物品种的整体种群数量的下降，这个问题仍未解决。

4.Automakers could schedule the production of different componentsor models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.许多汽车制造商在一台机器上安排生产不同的零件或模型，由此消除了储存当专业化设备和工人不停工作时导致的多余零件的缓冲库存的需求。

5.Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of therevolutionary moment, and Woodward had an unerring sense of how historical evidence could undermine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities.就像Paine一样，Woodward有着一种对于革命性时刻的正确感觉，而且Woodward还有着对历史证据如何能够正确削弱那种神话传统的正确感觉，这种神话传统在摧毁新社会可能性的梦想。

6.Joseph Glattthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent studyof Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers’letters and diaries—including rare material from Black soldiers—and it concentrates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors.Joseph Glattthaar 所著的《战火的洗礼》并不是第一个关于美国战争期间黑人士兵与白人长官的杰出研究，但是相较于之前的研究而言，这部著作使用了更多士兵的书信与日记（其中包括许多来自黑人士兵的罕见资料），而且她更为强烈的关注黑人部队中黑人与白人的关系。

7.New techniques for determining the molecular sequence of theRNA of organism have produced evolutionary information about the degree to which organism are related, about the time since they diverged from a common ancestor, and about the reconstruction of ancestral visions of genes.用于确定生物体RNA分子序列的新技术已经产生了关于生物体进化的信息，这些信息是关于生物体相关的程度、关于他们自一个共同祖先发生分化的时间，以及关于重建祖先基因组成的。

8.To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women,historians have recently begun to emphasize the way that a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions.为了解释这个关于女性地位的未完成的革命，历史学家们近来开始强调对女性品质的主流定义通常决定了分配给女性的工作种类，哪怕这种分配不适于新情况。

9.For instance, early textile-mile entrepreneurs, in justifying women‟semployment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemakingactivities they presumed to have been the purview of women.比如，早期的纺织厂主们在说明他们在工资劳动中雇佣妇女的理由时，已经做了很大程度的假设，他们认为妇女天生就擅长做细活，并在进行重复性的杂务时也更加有耐心；因此，早期的纺织厂主们就把这样的陈词滥调引入到了新的工业秩序中，即认为家务劳动是妇女的天职。

10.I n order for the far-ranging benefits of individual ownership to beachieved by owners, companies and countries, employees and other individuals must take their own decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their resources to the choice.为了让所有者、公司和国家都能从个人所有权中广泛受益，雇员和其他个人必须做出自己的购买决定，而且他们必须为做出的选择付出自己的一部分财富。

11.G ranted，apart from medical licenses, the principal sources ofinformation regarding medical practitioners available to researchers are wills, property transfers, court records, and similar documents, all of which typically underrepresent women because of restrictive medieval legal tranditions.诚然，除了医疗许可证之外，能向研究人员提供有关医护人员信息的主要来源包括遗嘱、财产转让证明、法庭记录和其它类似的文件。

由于中世纪严苛的法律传统的限制，所有这些材料来源都不能充分展示女性的情况。

12.T his seems especially true of the language of the contemporaryschool of literary criticism that now prefers to describe its work simply and rather presumptuously as theory but that is still popularly referred to as poststructuralism of deconstruction.文学批评界中现代学派所使用的语言看起来的确如此。

其中，文学批评界喜欢将自己的作品简单地，乃至高傲的描述成一种理论；但是，它又被广泛的认为是解构的后结构主义（被解构的文本显示出许多同时存在的各种观点，而这些观点通常会彼此冲突）。

13.W hen these versions of the classical theory are applied to the civilrights movement, the source of strain is identified as a change in black socioeconomic status that occurred shortly before the wide spread protest activity of the movement.当这些经典理论的版本被应用于解释民权运动时，压力被认为源自那些出现在民权运动中抗议活动大爆发不久之前黑人社会经济地位的改变。