专升本考试英语语法总结

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专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总一、动词的时态1.一般现在时:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。

2.现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作。

3.一般过去时:表示过去一些时间发生的动作或状态。

4.过去进行时:表示过去一些时间正在进行的动作。

5.现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

6.过去完成时:表示过去一些时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作。

7.将来时:表示将来一些时间将要发生的动作或状态。

二、被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态:主语是被动的执行者。

2.过去时的被动语态:主语是被动的执行者。

3.现在进行时的被动语态:主语是正在被动进行的动作。

4.一般过去时的被动语态:主语是被动的执行者。

5.过去进行时的被动语态:主语是被动的执行者。

6.现在完成时的被动语态:主语是已经被动完成的状态。

7.过去完成时的被动语态:主语是已经被动完成的状态。

三、动词的语态1.及物动词:必须与宾语结合使用的动词。

2.不及物动词:不需要与宾语结合使用的动词。

四、倒装句1.完全倒装:把助动词或情态动词放在主语前。

2.部分倒装:把助动词或情态动词放在谓语动词前。

五、情态动词1. can:表示能力、许可、可能。

2. could:表示过去的能力、许可、可能。

3. may:表示允许、可能。

4. might:表示过去可能。

5. must:表示推测、必须。

6. shall:表示将来的意愿。

7. should:表示建议、应该。

8. will:表示将来。

9. would:表示过去习惯、愿意。

六、名词1.可数名词:可以用来计数的名词。

2.不可数名词:不可以用来计数的名词。

3.特殊名词变复数形式。

4.特殊名词变单数形式。

七、形容词和副词1.形容词在句中的位置。

2.形容词比较级和最高级。

3.副词在句中的位置。

4.副词比较级和最高级。

五、代词1.主格代词:作为主语的代词。

2.宾格代词:作为宾语的代词。

3.物主代词:表示所属关系的代词。

4.反身代词:表示动作反过来作用于自己的代词。

专升本英语语法时态基础知识点归纳

专升本英语语法时态基础知识点归纳

专升本英语语法时态基础知识点归纳在专升本英语考试中,语法时态是一个非常重要的知识点。

掌握好语法时态,对于理解和运用英语语言有着至关重要的作用。

下面我们就来系统地归纳一下专升本英语中常见的语法时态基础知识点。

一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理。

其构成是主语+动词原形(当主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加“s”或“es”)。

例如:I go to school every day(我每天上学。

)He likes playing basketball(他喜欢打篮球。

)一般现在时的用法主要有以下几种:1、表示经常发生的动作或习惯性的动作,常与 often, always, usually, sometimes, never 等频度副词连用。

2、表示客观事实、真理。

例如:The earth moves around the sun(地球绕着太阳转。

)3、表示现在的状态。

例如:I am a student(我是一名学生。

)4、在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。

例如:If it rains tomorrow, we won't go for a picnic(如果明天下雨,我们就不去野餐。

)二、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

其构成是主语+动词的过去式。

例如:I played football yesterday(我昨天踢足球了。

)一般过去时的用法主要有以下几种:1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday, last week, last year, ago 等。

2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与 often, always 等频度副词连用。

三、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

其构成有多种形式,常见的有“will +动词原形”和“be going to +动词原形”。

专升本考试英语语法总结教学提纲

专升本考试英语语法总结教学提纲

专升本考试英语语法总结目录一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态) (3)二、不定式 (7)三、动词的时态和语态 (32)一般现在时的特例 (33)一般过去时的注意点 (34)一般将来时的注意点 (34)四、非谓语动词 (35)五、复合式谓语 (53)六、动词的虚拟语气 (60)七、状语从句 (69)1、时间状语从句 (69)2.地点状语从句 (72)3、原因状语从句 (72)4.条件状语从句 (73)5.让步状语从句 (73)6.目的状语从句 (74)7.结果状语从句 (74)8.方式状语从句 (75)一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态)•主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object宾语补足语 object complement表语 predictive定语 attributive状语 adverbialWARM-UP:1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts.4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。

英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)I.八大成分的概念和构成1.主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象。

If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。

The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。

充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见)形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。

专升本英语语法与词汇知识点总结

专升本英语语法与词汇知识点总结

专升本英语语法与词汇知识点总结在专升本的英语考试中,语法和词汇是两个至关重要的部分。

掌握好这两方面的知识,对于提升英语成绩和语言运用能力有着举足轻重的作用。

下面,我将为大家详细总结专升本英语中常见的语法和词汇知识点。

一、语法知识点(一)动词时态1、一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观真理。

其构成是主语+动词原形(当主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加“s”或“es”)。

例如:“He often goes to school by bike”2、一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

构成是主语+动词的过去式。

如:“I played basketball yesterday”3、现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。

其结构是“主语+ be 动词+动词的现在分词”。

比如:“They are watching TV now”4、过去进行时强调过去某个时间正在进行的动作,形式为“主语+ was/were +动词的现在分词”。

像:“I was reading a book at that time”5、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。

其构成是“主语+ have/has +过去分词”。

例如:“She has learned English for five years”6、过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,结构是“主语+ had +过去分词”。

比如:“By the end of last year, we had learned 2000 words”(二)语态1、主动语态主语是动作的执行者。

例如:“He opened the door”2、被动语态主语是动作的承受者,构成是“be +过去分词”。

如:“The door was opened by him”(三)非谓语动词1、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。

专升本英语词汇和语法考点总结

专升本英语词汇和语法考点总结

专升本英语词汇和语法考点总结词汇一、名词和代词一)重点名词和代词辨析1、result,effect,outcome,ending,consequence,fruitresult 普通用词,多指好的结果.另:比分,成绩;effect 名词:效果,影响。

动词:实现;outcome 多指成就,成果;ending 结局,结尾;consequence 多指不良的结果,后果;fruit 水果,产物。

2、feature,appearance,virtue,character,characteristicsfeature 1,特色,2,面貌,相貌;appearance1,出现,露面2,外观,外貌,外表;virtue 1,美德,2,优点,长处;character特征,品质,角色;characteristics特性,特色。

3、accident,incident,event,conflict,trouble,occurrence,crash,crisis accident 事故,意外。

意想不到的事情,往往引起损伤或伤害;incident事件,小插曲。

事变(外交,政治中的政变);event 特指重大事件;conflict冲突,矛盾;trouble烦恼,麻烦;occurrence 1,发生,出现。

2,突发事件;crash使(飞机)坠毁、使(车辆)猛撞等;crisis危机,紧急关头。

4、currency,income,wage,bonus,salary,award,reward,fee,allowance,honour,benefit,profit,interest,prize,wealth,capital,money,cash,coin,fund,debt,loancurrency 流通货币,经济学用词;Income泛指收入;Wage 特指工资;Bonus指提成的奖金;Salary = wage + bonus 薪水;Award授予的奖项,包括奖励的奖金;Reward 回报,报酬,酬金;Fee泛指费用;Allowance 表示津贴,补贴;honour 荣誉,名誉。

专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)

专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)

1. we
the Journey to the West since we were young.
a. saw
b. have see
c. have seen
d. have been seen
2. hurry up! the film
for ten minutes.
a. had begun
b. has begun
B. would have repaired
C.have repaired
D. had repaired
4.He
just
(finish) his homework.
六:过去完成时(had done)与将来完成时(will have done)
必考点总结:
(1) 过去完成时:by /by the end of + 过去时间(by last week/month/year)
将来完成时:by /by the end of+将来时间 (by next/this week/month/year)
to me.
a. write b. will write
c. are writing d. would write
4. If Mr. Smith
back, please let me know.
A. will come B. comes C. came D. had come
必考点 2:4. the more..., the more...句型 完整句型:The +形容词/副词的比较级+(名词)+主语+谓语,the +形容词/副词的比较级+ (名词)+主语+谓语.

英语专升本语法知识点汇总

英语专升本语法知识点汇总

英语专升本语法知识点汇总一、时态。

1. 一般现在时。

- 用法:- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

例如:I go to school by bike every day.(我每天骑自行车去上学。

)- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。

例如:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。

)- 结构:- 主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it等)时,动词要加 -s或 -es,如He likes reading. 其他人称用动词原形,如I like reading.2. 一般过去时。

- 用法:- 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如:I visited my grandparents last weekend.(我上周末去看望了我的祖父母。

)- 结构:- 动词一般用过去式形式。

规则动词的过去式一般在词尾加 -ed,如work - worked;不规则动词有其特殊的过去式形式,如go - went。

3. 一般将来时。

- 用法:- 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如:I will go to Beijing next month.(我下个月将去北京。

)- 结构:- 常见的结构有will+动词原形,be going to+动词原形(表示计划、打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事)。

如He is going to have a party tonight.(他今晚打算举办一个聚会。

)4. 现在进行时。

- 用法:- 表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

例如:She is reading a book now.(她现在正在读一本书。

)- 结构:- be动词(am/is/are)+动词的 -ing形式。

5. 过去进行时。

- 用法:- 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

例如:I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.(昨晚8点我正在看电视。

专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总1.主谓一致- 单数主语与单数谓语动词搭配,如"The cat is sleeping."- 复数主语与复数谓语动词搭配,如"The cats are sleeping."- 不定代词"everyone, everybody, someone, somebody"的主语与谓语动词搭配时,使用第三人称单数形式,如"Everybody loves ice cream."2.时态- 现在进行时:表示目前正在发生的动作或临时的动作,一般由“be + 现在分词”构成,如"She is reading a book."- 现在完成时:表示过去发生的一种持续的动作或状态,与现在的影响或结果有关,一般由“have/has + 过去分词”构成,如"They have finished their homework."- 过去进行时:表示过去其中一具体时间正在进行的动作,一般由“was/were + 现在分词”构成,如"We were playing basketball yesterday."- 过去完成时:表示在过去其中一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,一般由“had + 过去分词”构成,如"She had already eaten when I arrived."3.强调句- 强调句是为了将强调句子中的一些成分突出表达,一般由“Itis/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 原句其余部分”构成,如"It was John who told me the good news."- 当强调句的被强调部分是动词时,需使用“do/does/did”来构成强调句,如"It was he who did all the work."4.虚拟语气- 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,使用"would, could, might"等情态动词与原型动词搭配,如"If I were you, I would go to the party."- 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,使用"had + 过去分词"构成,如"IfI had known, I would have helped him."5.定语从句- 定语从句用来修饰先行词,修饰的内容可以是人、事物或整个句子,一般由关系代词"who, whom, whose, which, that"或关系副词"where, when, why"引导,如"The book that I bought is very interesting."6.名词性从句- 主语从句:作为句子的主语,一般由"that, whether, who, whom, which"引导- 宾语从句:作为句子的宾语,一般由"that, whether, if, what, who, whom, which"引导,如"I don't know what to do."- 表语从句:位于系动词之后,与主语构成等价关系,一般由"that, whether, who, whom, which"引导,如"The important thing is that you try your best."7.比较级和最高级- 比较级用来比较两个人或物之间的差异,一般在形容词或副词前加"more"或"less"构成,如"She is taller than her sister."- 最高级用来表示三个或三个以上人或物之间的差异,一般在形容词或副词前加"the most"或"the least"构成,如"He is the tallest boy in the class."以上是专升本英语语法的重点汇总,希望对你的学习有所帮助。

专升本考试英语语法总结(内部整理)(1)

专升本考试英语语法总结(内部整理)(1)

一、作主语I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. When our visit to the farm was over,we expected that wewould start back on foot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。

如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor.③介词but,except,besides+to do(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。

如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TVIt is+adj.+to do sth句型It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.决心decide determi n学会lear n想wan t希望expect wish hope,拒绝refus e 设法manage strive愿care假装pretend,主动ofer答应promise选choose计划plan,同意agree请求ask beg帮一帮help.为方便记忆大家把汉字连成句.另外再加上afford to do sth承担的起3.在一些动词之后,可以在连接代词(what/who/which)或者连接副词(how/when/where)以及whether后面接一个带to的动词不定式。

专升本语法知识点总结

专升本语法知识点总结

专升本语法知识点总结一、名词1.名词的基本概念名词是指人、事物、地点、动作或抽象概念的名称,是一类词性的词汇。

名词包括专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是特指某个人或某个物体的名称,如中国、李华;普通名词是泛指某种人或某种物体,如桌子、鸟类。

2.名词的种类名词分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词指的是可以数清数量的名词,如书、苹果;不可数名词指的是不能数清数量的名词,如水、米。

3.名词的单数和复数形式名词的单数形式和复数形式的判断原则是需要根据名词词尾的变化来决定,如直接加-s,如books、apples;以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词,复数形式加-es,如boxes、dresses。

4.名词的所有格名词所有格是名词与其所有者之间的关系,一般在名词后面加's来表示名词所有格,如Tom's book,表示汤姆的书。

二、代词1.代词的基本概念代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词语,用以避免重复,指示特定对象或人。

代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词等。

2.代词的种类人称代词包括主格和宾格,主格用于作主语,宾格用于作宾语、介词宾语和表语。

物主代词用于表示所属关系。

反身代词是指表示动作的主语和宾语是同一个人或事物的代词,如myself、herself。

指示代词用于指示特定对象或人,如this、that、these、those。

疑问代词用于提问,如what、which、who、whom、whose。

不定代词是指不具体指代任何人或物的代词,如some、any、each。

3.代词的主要用法代词主要用于句子中的不同位置,如作主语、宾语、表语、补语、介词宾语等。

三、动词1.动词的基本概念动词是指表示动作、状态或行为的词语,是句子的谓语部分,用于表示人或事物的动作或状态。

动词分为不及物动词和及物动词,不及物动词是指没有直接宾语的动词,如run、swim;及物动词是指需要直接宾语的动词,如eat、drink。

专升本英语语法与词汇知识点总结

专升本英语语法与词汇知识点总结

专升本英语语法与词汇知识点总结英语在专升本考试中占据着重要的地位,而语法和词汇则是英语学习的基石。

掌握好语法和词汇,对于提升英语成绩,顺利通过专升本考试至关重要。

以下是为大家总结的专升本英语语法与词汇的重要知识点。

一、语法知识点1、时态时态是英语语法中的重点,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。

一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态,如:I go to school every day(我每天上学。

)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,如:He played football yesterday(他昨天踢足球了。

)一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,如:I will go to Beijing next week(我下周要去北京。

)现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,如:They are watching TV now (他们现在正在看电视。

)过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,如:I was reading a book at eight last night(昨晚八点我正在读书。

)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,如:I have finished my homework(我已经完成了作业。

)过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,如:By the end of last year, I had learned 3000 words(到去年年底,我已经学了 3000 个单词。

)2、语态语态分为主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态的构成是“be +过去分词”,如:The book is written by him (这本书是他写的。

)3、非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。

动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等,如:To learn English well is not easy(学好英语不容易。

专升本英语语法知识点归纳

专升本英语语法知识点归纳

专升本英语语法知识点归纳专升本英语语法知识点归纳在专升本英语考试中,语法知识点是必考内容。

本文将为大家梳理常见的英语语法知识点,帮助大家更好地掌握英语语法,提高考试成绩。

一、时态时态是英语语法中非常重要的一个部分,主要涉及过去、现在和未来的时间表达。

以下是常见的时态及其用法:1、现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。

例如:I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。

)2、现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作。

例如:They are playing soccer.(他们正在踢足球。

)3、一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性发生的动作或状态。

例如:She goes to school every day.(她每天上学。

)4、一般过去时:表示过去的动作或状态。

例如:He lived in New York for three years.(他在纽约住了三年。

)5、一般将来时:表示将来发生的动作或状态。

例如:We will meet at the airport tomorrow.(我们明天将在机场见面。

)二、语态语态表示动词的形式,表明动作的执行者和承受者。

以下是常见的语态及其用法:1、主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如:The dog bit the cat.(狗咬了猫。

)2、被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者。

例如:The cat was bit by the dog.(猫被狗咬了。

)三、虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的语气,表示假设、猜测、愿望或建议。

以下是常见的虚拟语气及其用法:1、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气:使用过去时形式,表示与现在事实相反的假设。

例如:If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house.(如果我有一百万美元,我会买一栋房子。

)2、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气:使用过去完成时形式,表示与过去事实相反的假设。

专升本语法知识点归纳整理

专升本语法知识点归纳整理

专升本语法知识点归纳整理专升本考试中的语法知识点是英语基础能力的重要组成部分,掌握好这些知识点对于提高考试成绩至关重要。

以下是对专升本语法知识点的归纳整理:开头:专升本考试的英语部分,语法是基础中的基础。

无论是阅读理解、完形填空还是写作,语法知识的正确运用都显得尤为重要。

以下是对专升本英语语法知识点的详细归纳。

名词:- 名词的单复数形式- 不可数名词- 名词的所有格形式动词:- 时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等- 语态:主动语态与被动语态- 非谓语动词:动名词、不定式、分词形容词和副词:- 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级- 形容词和副词的用法- 形容词和副词的比较结构代词:- 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词- 指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词冠词:- 不定冠词和定冠词的使用- 冠词的省略介词:- 介词的用法- 介词短语的构成连词:- 并列连词和从属连词- 连词在句子中的作用数词:- 基数词和序数词- 数词在句子中的使用句子结构:- 简单句、并列句、复合句- 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语非谓语动词的用法:- 动名词作主语、宾语等- 不定式作目的状语、结果状语等- 分词作定语、状语等时态的一致性:- 时态的一致性原则- 不同时态的转换被动语态的构成:- 被动语态的构成方法- 被动语态的使用场合倒装句和强调句:- 倒装句的构成和用法- 强调句的构成和用法结尾:通过上述对专升本英语语法知识点的归纳整理,考生们可以更有针对性地复习和准备考试。

语法是英语学习的基石,只有扎实掌握语法知识,才能在专升本考试中取得优异的成绩。

希望每位考生都能够通过努力,实现自己的学业目标。

结束语:最后,祝愿所有考生在专升本考试中取得理想的成绩,为自己的未来铺设坚实的基础。

(完整版)专升本英语语法重点汇总

(完整版)专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总一、动词时态及语态题(大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态,特别是其中的过去完成,过去进行时,客观真理要用一般现在时等)1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958.2、By the time we got there,the play had already begun.3、When I was a child,I knew that the earth turns about its axis.4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work,his wife and children were sleeping.二、非谓语动词题(特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别,大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别,要求大家多看我的上课笔记)1、The film showed last night was very moving. (不用moved,大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别)2、Having finishing his lecture,the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question.3、The problem being discussed is very important.4、Given more time,we are sure to finish it.5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题(这也是一个常考点,it本身是没有意思的,注意it 还可以指时间,天气等。

)1、It is difficult to study English well.2、We think it is important to pass the exam.四、强调句型(大家要记住的是it is (was)……that…,如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that,当然强调人的时候也可用who)1、It was at an evening party that I first saw he r.2、It is what you will do that is important.3、When was it that he bought a new car五、倒装句型全部倒装句(这种全部倒装题历年只考过一次,考得最多的都是下面的部分倒装)1、Stop talking!There comes the teacher.部分倒装句(如果选项里面有两个主谓倒装了,两个没有,我们一般要在倒装里做选择)1、So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital.2、Not only does he study well,but also he is always ready to help others.3、Mary has done well in the English exam. So she has. She always does well in the exam.六、从句中选择关系词题(重点在定语从句,多看笔记,becausesincenow thatasfor;so…that…such…that…)1、It was in so friendly a way that he talked with us.2、Oct.15,2005 is a day when we will take our English examination.3、We want to buy the same book as you are reading.4、The sun heats the earth,which is very important to living things.七、虚拟语气(我们要记住与现在,过去,将来相反的三种情况,特别是与过去相反的情况最常考,再有就是wishas if 后面所接的三种情况,还有一个常考点在suggest,demand,require,order等表示建议,要求,命令的词后面加从句时,从句里谓语要用(should)+动词原形,如果是被动则用(should +be +动词过去分词)1、I would have done it better if I had had mo re time.2、I wish you would go with us tomorrow.3、I suggest that we (should )adopt a different policy.4、Had it not been for your help,we would never have been able to get over the difficulties.八、情态动词题(除了掌握常见情态动词基本用法外,常考点在三种表推测的情况,分别为must表对现在事情的肯定推测,can't表对现在事实的否定推测,must have +v-ed表示对过去事实的肯定推测,而则表示过去应该做某事而没有做)1、The ground is so wet,it must have rained last night.2、She must be a doctor,I think.3、I should have called you last week,but I was too busy then.九、几组形容词及副词区别题(注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达;likelypossibleprobable;worthworthy;too muchmuch too;alreadyyet等)1、His books are three time as many as my books.2、The Nile river is the longest river in the world.3、It is much too hot tonight.4、The harder he worked,the happier he felt.十、主谓一致题(往往出题者都是考谓语动词选单数这种情况,如each,every,everyone 这样的词作主语以及Mary,like many other girls likes listening to music这样的题)1、The moral of the officers and crew was very high.2、Each boy and each girl in the city is asked to go to school.3、Neither the quality nor the prices have changed.(近位原则)十一、动词及动词词组区别题(常考raiserisearisearose;spendcosttakepayafford;woundinjurehurtdamage;findfindoutdiscoverinvent;hitstrikeringbeat;tellsayspeaktalk;joinjoin intake part in等以及我所讲过的动词短语)1、Can you tell the difference between these two words2、He joined the army three years ago.十二、主句用将来时,从句则用一般现在时(或现在完成时)表将来题1、They will leave the classroom when they have finished writing.2、We will start to work as soon as our teacher comes.十三、名词所有格以及名词后面有限定时则该名词前一定要加定冠词the题(名词的格有以下两种情况,Tom'book,以及the books of our school,特别是用of表示的所有格我们一定要习惯这种表达)1、Beijing is the capital of China.2、He can't have the expience of all of the world.十四、常用介词区别题(如on,in,except besides,within,without,through等)1、You should write in ink not with your pencil.2、He pulled her into the train by the arm.3、by bustrainair…On foot,on the farm,in the morningafternoonevening,at nightnoon十五、常考代词题(常考的有otherothers,anotherthe other;sometimessome timesometime;thatwhich;thatwhat,eitherneitheror;tooalsoeither;manymucha great deal ofa great number ofa great amount of;a fewfewlittlea little;as long asas far as;so long asso far as )1、That you don't like him is none of my business.2、The weather in the north is much colder than tha t in the south in January.3、He must be a worker. I think so.普高专升本与成考专升本的区别近日,招收普通高校专升本学生的院校已陆续进入报名阶段。

专升本语法知识汇总

专升本语法知识汇总

专升本语法知识汇总专升本英语语法一:主谓一致一、单数名词作主语时的主谓一致1、集合名词与谓语动词的一致(1)集合名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示成员则用复数。

常见的这部分名词有:army,audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family,group,government,organization,party,personnel,public,staff,team,union,crew等。

注意:若以上集合名词表示组成该集合体的分散个体时,与其对应的人称代词也应该使用they,them或their。

(2)有些集合名词,如cattle,folk,people,police,poultry(家禽)等作主语,总是跟复数动词形式。

(3)有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如machinery(机械),clothing (衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。

2、单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致单复数同形的名词作主语,要根据上下文以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。

常见的这部分名v词有aircraft,crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters, means,series,sheep,species,works等。

注意:fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”.3、表示成双成套的名词,如trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

二、复数名词作主语时的主谓一致1、以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式.2、表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“s”结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。

3、以“ies"结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。

专升本考试英语语法总结

专升本考试英语语法总结

专升本考试英语语法总结充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)4.表语:说明主语的身份和情况。

(跟在系动词后)Time is money.Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟。

构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句5.补语:补充说明。

(由动词类别来决定)构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定。

This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的。

构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句7. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。

Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句8. 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句。

位置:自由自在。

1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等)。

Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切。

专转本英语语法总复习

专转本英语语法总复习

2、一些不及物动词/短语没有被动语态,如rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie; take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。 e.g. His job consists of helping old people who live alone. When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
状语从句: 由as soon as引导时,表示主句动作发生在从 句动作的一瞬间之后(注意:the moment, the instant,the second,the minute都可做 连词用,意思是as soon as。) • The moment I saw him, I knew that he was angry with me. 我一见到他,就知道他在生我的气。
原因状语从句 由because, as, since, for或复合连接词 now that,since , in that等引导。 • because因为;表直接原因,回答why的 提问;一般放主句之后,也可单独存在: We stayed at home because it rained. • 因为下雨我们呆在家里。 as由于,鉴于;主从并重,从句说明原因, 主句说明结果;为常用词: As it was late, I made haste to go. • 由于晚了,我赶紧走了。
l 注:在含有由after, before等引导 的状语从句的复合句中,由于这类词本 身的意义能够明确表示时间的先后关系, 因此谓语动词常用一般过去时代替完成 时。如: After he finished his homework, he went to bed.

专升本英语知识点总结大全详解

专升本英语知识点总结大全详解

专升本英语知识点总结大全详解一、语法知识点总结1. 名词2. 代词3. 动词4. 形容词5. 副词6. 介词7. 连词8. 数词9. 冠词10. 情态动词名词是指人、事、物或抽象概念的名称。

如单数形式、复数形式、所有格等。

代词是替代名词的词语,分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词等。

动词是表示动作、状态、感情等的词语,包括时态、语态、语气的变化。

形容词用来描述名词或代词,用来修饰名词或代词。

副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。

介词用来表示名词或代词与其他词之间的关系,如方位、时间、原因等。

连词用来连接词与词、句与句,分为并列连词、从属连词等。

数词用来表示数量或序数,分为基数词和序数词。

冠词用来限定名词,分为定冠词和不定冠词。

情态动词用来表示说话人对某种可能性、必然性、请求、允诺等的态度。

二、词汇知识点总结1. 同义词2. 反义词3. 否定词4. 词汇搭配5. 词语辨析6. 习惯用语7. 词形变化8. 词义辨析同义词是指意义相同或相近的词语。

反义词是指意义相反的词语。

否定词是用来表示否定的词语。

词汇搭配是指在语言中习惯性地搭配使用的词语。

词语辨析是指根据语境和用法区分词语的含义。

习惯用语是指在日常语言中习惯性使用的固定词语。

词形变化是指同一词根构成的不同词性或不同派生形式。

词义辨析是指区分词语的准确含义和用法。

三、阅读理解知识点总结2. 细节理解题3. 推断判断题4. 观点态度题5. 内容概括题6. 阅读技巧主旨大意题是指对文章的中心思想进行归纳和概括。

细节理解题是指在文章中找到具体的信息内容。

推断判断题是指根据文章的信息进行推断或判断。

观点态度题是指根据文章的语境了解作者的观点或态度。

内容概括题是指对文章内容进行概括和总结。

阅读技巧包括快速阅读、略读、精读等,可以帮助提高阅读理解的能力。

四、写作知识点总结1. 书面表达3. 写作模板4. 文章结构5. 写作思路6. 写作素材准备7. 作文范文书面表达是指书面语言的表达能力,包括文字组织、语法、词汇等方面。

专升本考试英语语法总结

专升本考试英语语法总结

目录一、句子成分与基本结构包括时态•主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object宾语补足语 object complement表语 predictive定语 attributive状语 adverbialWARM-UP:1The teacher in the classroom. 2Sang many songs and danced happily. 3She attracts. 4Many people living in the country. 5All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子;英语句子sentence=主语+谓语核心:主动词I.八大成分的概念和构成1.主语名词代词形:句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象;If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹;The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练;充当主语的形式:1名词2代词3名词短语4名词从句5数词6不定式7-ing形式8介词短语少见形式主语名词从句,不定式,动名词见第六讲主语和宾语2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动;I have a dream.You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需;谓语形式:动词英语句子的灵魂3.宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者;You don’t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会;你得去创造机会;You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声;充当宾语形式:1名词2代词3名词短语4名词从句5数词6不定式7-ing形式形式宾语名词从句,不定式,动名词见第六讲主语和宾语4.表语:说明主语的身份和情况;跟在系动词后Time is money.Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟;构成形式:1名词2形容词3代词4数词5不定式6ing形式7过去分词8副词9介词短语10小品词11名词从句5.补语:补充说明;由动词类别来决定构成形式:1名词2代词3形容词4数词5不定式6-ing形式7过去分词8介词短语9副词小品词10名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定;This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的;构成形式:1限定词2形容词3名词4数词5不定式6-ing形式7过去分词8介词短语9副词10关系从句7. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释;Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式:1名词2代词3名词短语4数词5不定式6-ing形式7名词从句8. 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句;位置:自由自在;1修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等;Can you feel the love tonightHome never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切;2连接性状语:连接上下文顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较;First comes spring, then summer.I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.3评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度;Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块, 主谓宾表真呀真实在;补语跟着宾语表语跑, 定语同位语专把名词踹;状语的位置它自由自在, 忽右忽左随心所欲摆;浑身的毛病真呀真不少, 前后乱窜它还会加塞;RAPII.成分关系1.补语跟着宾语表语跑:补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补;把有宾补的句子变成被动语态,则宾补就变成了主补;To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.宾补We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.主补爱他人使我们幸福,在自己使我们孤单;2.定语,同位语专把名词踹:定语,同位语修饰名词性形式Experience is the best teacher.被定语所修饰的形式为名词They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.同位语所修饰的形式为名词3.谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星,可能一个也摘不下;但也不会一无所获;1、主语:1由名词、代词人称代词用主格、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的;如:The painter painted a very nice picture. 画家画了一幅漂亮的画;/ They fought against SARS bravely. 他们勇敢地与非典搏斗;/ To see is to believe. 耳听为虚眼见为实. / Helping animals is to help people. 帮助动物就是帮助人类;2动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后;如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey.在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了; / Eating too much is bad for your health.=It is bad for your health eating too much. 吃得太多对你的身体不利;3口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:It is nothing. 那没有什么;/ It doesn’t matter. 那没有关系; / I thank you. 我谢谢你;4反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he 这个人看上去很着急不是吗/ Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they 老虎是危险的动物不是吗5祈使句一般省略主语;加主语时往往用来指定某个人;Keep the keyboards clean, children. 孩子们请保持键盘的清洁; 省略了主语/ You go there and fetch me a glass of water. 你去给我弄一杯水来;6主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后;如:Computers are made in this factory. 计算机生产于这家工厂;/ Where are they 他们在哪儿 / Does the boy like staying home 这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗7主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求;Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. Jim和Rose都没有通过考试;/ The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. 中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族;2、谓语:1由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”;如:He travelled in space for the first time.他首次在太空旅行;/ Who teaches you English this year今年谁教你们的英语/ The pizza has gone bad. 那块烤馅饼已经变坏; /2谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词不一定全部出现; 见动词的时态和语态构成表记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词;如:I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. 对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样; / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. 他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说;/ Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. 该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延;二、不定式一、作主语不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:1把不定式置于句首;如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中;如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语;如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hop e,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句;如:I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式;如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor.③介词but,except,besides+to dodo在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do;如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TVIt is +adj.+ to do sth 句型It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.⑤It seemsappears+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly, stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词;在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语;这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.2.动词+t o d o作宾语动词不定式做宾语其实你只要把不定式t o d o s t h看成一个名词即可,它属于五种基本句型里的主+谓+宾结构,例如I b e g t o d i f f e r.我不敢苟同.能用此结构的动词有:决心d e c i d e d e t e r m i n学会l e a r n想w a n t希望e x p e c t w i s h h o p e,拒绝r e f u s e 设法m a n a g e s t r i v e愿c a r e假装p r e t e n d,主动o f e r答应p r o m i s e选c h o o s e计划p l a n,同意a g r e e请求a s k b e g帮一帮h e l p.为方便记忆大家把汉字连成句.另外再加上a f f o r d t o d o s t h承担的起3.在一些动词之后,可以在连接代词w h a t/w h o/w h i c h或者连接副词h o w/w h e n/w h e r e以及w h e t h e r后面接一个带t o的动词不定式;这种结构是连接词宾语从句的简略形式;I w o n d e r w h o t o i n v i t e.=w h o I s h o u l d i n v i t eS h o w u s w h a t t o d o.=w h a t w e m u s t d oI d o n’t k n o w w h e t h e r t o a n s w e r h i s l e t t e r.=此处不用i f4..不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用i t作形式宾语,构成"主语+动词+i t+宾补形容词,名词+不定式"H e f o u n d i t v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o g e t t o s l e e p.他发现很难入睡.注意:常用此结构的动词有consider,judge,make,feel,make 等;句型四:形容词+ to do sthof sb to do 用来说明人的性格特征和行为表现的动态形容词与不定式连用,常用brave,careful cruel, generous,clever, foolish, kind, modest, pilite,nice,rude,stupid,等形容词It is wise of you not to agree with you.It is generous of him to lend me his car,不定式作状语⒈作目的状语1 ①I stayed there to see what would happen.②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examinedby the doctor. 2有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as;如:Bob took down my telephone number so asin ordernot toforget it. 有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用;在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that,in order that,成为目的状语从句,如:I stayed there so that in order thatI could see whatwould happen. 3在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised 等;①We are glad to hear the news.②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语;如:The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer. The room is really comfortable to live in.常这样用的形容词有:comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等;⒉作结果状语We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. 不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中;如:①so…as to;such…as toI'm not so stupida fool as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来;I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.②enough…toThe speed is high enough for us to catch up with thefirst liner.③only toJane hurried back only to find her mother dying inthehospital.④too…toI'm too tired to stay up longer.但在下列结构中,too…to并非是“太……而不能……”之意;如:①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了; too修饰glad to have…,相当于very②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了不定式作定语; too....to 的用法一、too... to... 的意义too... to 句型形式上是肯定的,但是它在意义上却是否定的,表示"太……而不能……";too 的后面接形容词或副词的原级,to 的后面接动词原形;too... to...句型是简单句;例如:He is too young to join the army. 他年龄太小,不能参军;二、动词不定式的逻辑主语动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者与整个句子的主语不指同一人或物时,需要在动词不定式前加上一个逻辑主语常用for sb.;例如:The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out. 这道数学题太难我解不出来;三、too... to... 结构表达肯定的意义1. too 前面含有表示否定意义的词,如: not, never, nothing等时,too... to... 结构不表示否定的意义;例如:It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老;要学永远都不迟;2. 如果在too... to...这种结构的前面出现了only, 不仅免去了too 的否定意义,反而加强了too的肯定语气,only too 相当于very 或very much;例如:I shall be only too pleased to get home. 到了家我将极其高兴;3. too后接表示感情的形容词,如glad, pleased, happy, sad等时,too... to...句型不再表示否定意义,而表示的是肯定意义;例如:He is too sad to hear the bad news. 听到这个不幸的消息他太悲伤了;四、too... to... 结构与enough...to... 结构及so... that...结构的相互转换1. 将too...to...结构转换为enough... to... 结构时,要注意:1 enough 前的形容词或副词应是too前面形容词或副词的反义词;2 enough... to... 句式须用否定式;3 too... to...结构有逻辑主语时,enough... to... 结构也要加上逻辑主语;例如:She is too young to do the work. = She isn't old enough to do the work.The problem is too hard for him to work out.= The problem isn't easyenough for him to work out.2. 将too...to...结构转换为so... that... 结构时,要注意:1 so... that... 结构是复合句,so 的后面接形容词或副词的原级,that的后面接从句;2 that后面的从句要用否定形式;例如:She is too young to go to school. = She is so young that she can'tgo to school.请同学们做做下列中考题,以便检验你对too... to...用法的掌握情况;变换下列句型:1. a. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.b. The box is ________ heavy______ ________ ________ carry.c. The box is not ________ ________ for me to carry.2. a. The maths problem isn't easy enough for me to work out.b. The maths problem is ________ difficult ________ I can't work it out.c. The maths problem is ________ difficult ________ ________________ work out.3. a. The book is interesting enough for everybody to read.b. The book is ________ interesting________ everybody likes to read it.Keys: 1. b. too, for me to c. light enough2. b. so, that c. too, for me to3. b. so, that不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后;如:①The next train to arrive is from Washington.②Have you anything to be taken to your sister③Do you have anything to say on the question④Would you please give me some paper to write on⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:1表示将来的动作例①;2与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词例④;3与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍用主动语态例③;如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态例②;4不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive;作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为、状态、特征,这时意思才相对完整;1常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive强迫,encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,wouldlikelove,hate,order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等;如:①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary②I want you to understan d the whole passage clearly.2部分动词后常接to be+形容词、名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略, 如:believe,consider,discover,find=consider,feel=think,imagine,judge ,know,prove,think,suppose,see=understand,understa nd等;①We all believe Johnto behonest.②I consider himto beone of the b est biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We consider him tohave been foolish.3感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to;①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.②They make the students do too much homework every day.这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:Thestudents are made to dotoo much homework every day.4help,know后面的"to"可有可无;如:Would you please help meto fill in the taxformI've never known hertobe late before.但:He was known to have been to France before.5部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:You may depend on them to be there early.The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy. 常这样用的短语动词有:ask for,care for,call on,count on,depend on, wait for,long for渴望, prepare for,wish for等;⒉作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系;如:①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.②The young university student is considered to have great promise.⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首、句中或句末;如:To tell the truth,the play was a great disappointment tome.常见的短语有to be exact确切地说,to begin with首先, to do him justice说句对他公道的话,to be sure真的等等;不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.⒉动名词作主语Learning without practice is no good.动名词作主语时,也常用It句式;如:①It's +no goodno use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time+doing…It's no good reading in dim light.It's no use sitting here waiting.②It's+形容词+doingIt's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It'simportant for you to keep fit.③There is no+doingThere is no saying what will happen next.在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossib le to…"结构;⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;如:It's no good eating too much fat.It's no good for you to eat so much fat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语;如:It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.二、作宾语⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don't mind,give up,insist,on, put off等;如:I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health.②动名词作介词的宾语I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficultyindoing,have no troubleindoing,lose no ti meindoing,prevent/stop…fromdoing,there is no useindoing 等;⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变;如:begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等;在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwr iting needs improvingtobe improved.hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为; 在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:①hate,like,love前有wouldshould时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.③b egin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began tounderstand what was happening.⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语;如:Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用;①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生;如:Don't forget fo post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing AirportRemember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.②mean to do 打算做某事doing 意味着……I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.③try to do 设法尽力做某事doing 试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事不定式作目的状语doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.⑤can't help doing 禁不住……to do不能帮助干……They couldn't help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to I can't help to make up the room for you.⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势;We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么目的状语doing停下某事It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.They left off to go fishing.三、做表语动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为;当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果例①;当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组例②时,或以what引导的名词性分句例③,不定式说明主语的内容;④Our work is serving the people.⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.⑥The story told by is interesting.④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来;四、作定语动名词作定语①This passage can be used as listening materials.②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.③All moving bodies have energy.①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后;如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.动词不定式、动名词的其它用法⒈疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等;如:①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.④The question was where to get the medicine needed.以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式;如:①When we shall leave…③…how I could learn…经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等;⒉动词不定式的时态、语态1时态①一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生;如:I hope to become a university student this year.tobecome发生在hope 之后We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.play和hear同时发生②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前;如:I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.③进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生;如:The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when Icame in. They seemed to be discussing something important.2语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式;如:It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.不定式作主语It was impossible for lost time to be made up.不定式作主语I wish to be sent to work in the country.不定式作宾语Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired不定式作定语He went to the hospital to be examined.不定式作状语在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动;如:There are still many things to t ake care of to be taken care of.但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now. We have nothing to do now.There is nothing to be done now.We can do nothing now.⒊动名词的时态、语态1时态①一般式:动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指,也可与谓语动词同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之前、之后;如:We are interested in collecting stamps.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the firsttime. We are not afraid of dying.②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前;如:Lmagine having travelled on the moon.We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.2被动语态①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者,动名词要用被动语态,动名词的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分;如:The young man came in without being noticed.He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式,但表示被动意义;如:The bike needs repairing.If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well.⒋在口语中,为避免重复,常用"to"代替不定式结构,有时甚至可以把to省略;如:①—Did you go to visit the Great Wall—No,I wanted to,but there wasn't enough time.②—Would you like to come to a party—I'd love to.③—Don't make any mistakes in your homework,will you—I'll try not to.④—Try to be back by 12,won't you—OK,I'll try.另外,be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于这一结构中;⒌在why引起的问句中,省略"to";如:Why spend such a lot of moneyWhy not wait for a couple of days⒍当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时,只在第一个不定式前加"to";如:It's quite necessary for us to read more and have morepractice.⒎"to"在下列短语中是“介词”,后接动名词或名词形式;如:devote…to,face up to勇敢地面对,look forward to盼望,object to反对,take to养成习惯,对……感兴趣;开始从事某种活动,be used to习惯于等;三、动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态to be continued时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式;一般现在时的特例1 Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧;Duck has two legs.鸭子有两条腿;vMy father told me that the earth _____go around the sun. goes2表示客观事实、普遍真理,特别是用于表示科学事实、客观存在和格言等;vThe earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转;用于表示一般将来时的主从复合句的从句中可以表示将来时;也就是说,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;Whenhearrives,he’lltellusallaboutthematch. 当他到的时候,他会告诉我们这场比赛的经过; Ican’tcomeunlessmybrotheragrees. 我不能来,除非我哥哥同意;If he arrives in Paris, Peter will give me a call .如果peter到了巴黎,他会给我电话的;一般过去时的注意点在条件从句中表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设;虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’taccepttheoffer. 如果我是你,我不会接受这个提议;Iwish,It’shightime后that从句中,表示与现在或将来的事实相反的主观设想It’stimeyouwenttobed. 你该睡觉了;I wish I were a bird .。

(word完整版)专升本英语语法

(word完整版)专升本英语语法

动词主要时态一般现在时 (am, is, are, do, does)1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday 等时间状语连用;2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等;3、表示客观事实或普遍真理;4、表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作;The plane takes off at 10 am。

5、在时间或条件状语中,表示将来的动作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right。

6、在某些文学作品的情节描写中,代替过去时,表示或用于引述书刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money。

一般过去时 (was, were, did)用于表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago, in 1987, at the time , in July。

一般将来时主要用于表示将来发生的动作或情况在时间或条件状语中 ,一般不用将来时,而是用现在时代替将来时 。

I’ll let you know the result when I finish everything。

1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时;2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;3、am (is , are) about to + 动词原型,表示即将发生的动作;4、am (is , are) to + 动词原型,表示必须或计划要进行的动作 You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered.过去将来时用于表示过去某一时间内,将要发生的动作或存在的状态was (were) going to +动词原型was (were) about to +动词原型was (were) to + 动词原型 表示过去某时间内计划、打算或一定要进行的动作现在进行时go, come , stay , leave , start 的现在进行时形式可以表示将来即将发生的动作He is coming to see you tomorrow。

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目录一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态) (2)二、不定式. (6)三、动词的时态和语态 (30)般现在时的特例 (30)般过去时的注意点 (31)般将来时的注意点 (31)四、非谓语动词 (32)五、复合式谓语 (42)六、动词的虚拟语气 (46)七、状语从句. (51)1、时间状语从句 (51)2. 地点状语从句 (54)3、原因状语从句 (54)4.条件状语从句 (55)5.让步状语从句 (55)6.目的状语从句 (56)7.结果状语从句 (56)8.方式状语从句 (57)一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态)?主语subject谓语predicate宾语object宾语补足语object complement表语predictive定语attributive状语adverbialWARM-U:1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。

英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)I .八大成分的概念和构成1 •主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象。

If you want the rain bow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。

The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratch ing.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。

充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见)形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)2•谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。

I have a dream.You don 'always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。

谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)3 •宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者。

You don 'tfind opportunities •…you make them.你找不到机会。

你得去创造机会。

You probably won 'hear opportu nity knock if your televisi on is always on.如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。

充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3 )名词短语4 )名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)4 •表语:说明主语的身份和情况。

(跟在系动词后)Time is mon ey.Three o 'lock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟。

构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句5 •补语:补充说明。

(由动词类别来决定)构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句主语补语Tom was made mon itor.宾语补语I made Tom mon itor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定。

This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music …good and bad.自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的。

构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句7. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。

Puff, the magic drag on, lived by the sea.构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句8. 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句。

位置:自由自在。

1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,畐恫等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等)。

Can you feel the love tonight?Home n ever looks so good as whe n you come back from gett ing away from it.只有岀走又回家时,家才最感亲切。

2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较)First comes spring, then summer.I 'e never been to America, therefore I don 'tknow much about it.3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度。

Fran kly speak ing, the food is not very good.英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块,主谓宾表真呀真实在;补语跟着宾语表语跑,定语同位(语)专把名词踹。

状语的位置它自由自在,忽右忽左随心所欲摆。

浑身的毛病真呀真不少,前后乱窜它还会加塞。

(RAPII •成分关系1 •补语跟着宾语表语跑:补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。

把有宾补的句子变成被动语态,则宾补就变成了主补。

To love others makes us happy …to love ourselves makes us Ion ely. (宾补)We are made happy to love others …we are made Ion ely to love ourselves. (主补)爱他人使我们幸福,在自己使我们孤单。

2.定语,同位(语)专把名词踹:定语,同位语修饰名词性形式Experie nee is the best teacher. (被定语所修饰的形式为名词)They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.(同位语所修饰的形式为名词)3•谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won 'tcome up with a han dfulof sand either.你想摘下天上的星星,可能一个也摘不下;但也不会一无所获。

1、主语:(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是谁”发岀的。

如:The painter painted a very nice picture.(画家画了一幅漂亮的画。

)/ They fought agai nst SARS bravely.(他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。

)/ To see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实)./ Helpi ng ani mals is to help people.(帮助动物就是帮助人类。

)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。

如: It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey.(在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。

)/ Eati ng too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.)(吃得太多对你的身体不利。

)⑶口语中常见主语或主--系"省略:(It is) nothing.((那)没有什么。

)/ (It) doesn ' matter.((那)没有关系。

)/ (I) thank you.((我)谢谢你。

)⑷反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn 'the?(这个人看上去很着急不是吗?)/ Tigers are dan gerous ani mals, are n 'they?(老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。

加主语时往往用来指定某个人。

Keep the keyboards clean, children.(孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。

)(省略了主语)/ You go there and fetch me a glass of water.(你去给我弄一杯水来。

)(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。

女口:Computers are made in this factory.(计算机生产于这家工厂。

)/ Where are they?(他们在哪儿?)/ Does the boy like staying home?(这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致,而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。

Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim 和口Rose 者0没有通过考试。

)/ The Chi nese people are a hardwork ing and brave people.(中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。

)2、谓语:(1)由不及物动词”及物动词+宾语”或系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物干什么”或怎么样”如:He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。

)/ Who teaches you En glish this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?)/ The pizza has go ne bad.(那块烤馅饼已经变坏。

)/(2)谓语动词必须反映岀人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+ [时态助动词]+ [语态助动词]+ [主要动词](不一定全部岀现)。

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