上海海事大学国际物流Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
International Payment(国际支付)
(6) Paying bank
A bank nominated by the issuing bank to make payment under the credit.
Always the drawee of a draft stipulated in the credit. It may be the issuing bank itself.
Once the beneficiary accepts the credit, he must deliver the goods in compliance with the contract.
Then he tenders to his bank or any other bank all the relevant documents as stipulated in the credit.
It is located in the place of the beneficiary and is usually the issuing bank's branch or correspondent acting as an agent of the opening bank in accordance with the instructions given.
2021/6/30
3. Procedure for letter of credit operations
(Issuance —Amendment—Utilization)
BUYER (Applicant/Buyer)
②
ISSUANCE ① Contract
SELLER (Beneficiary/Seller)
unit 6 letter of payment
Open an L/C in one’s favor for the amount of …covering… through the Bank… 通过…银行就…订单开立以…为受益人的…信用证
L/C 常用搭配
我们今天通过中国银行大连分行就第3422号定单开立了 以你方为受益人的不可撤消的信用证，金额为9千美元。
Introduction
付款方式
汇付
信汇 票汇
信用证
保兑 信用证 电汇 不可撤消 信用证 跟单 信用证 承兑 交单
托收
付款交单
即期付款 交单 见票远期 付款交单
Introduction
Terms of Payment
Remittance
L/C
Collection
Documents against Acceptance
我们可以按60天付款交单的方式进行交易。 (on…basis)
• We can do the business on 60 days D/P basis.
I suppose D/P or D/A should be adopted as the mode of payment this time.
写作要点及要求
要求支付方式的要点: 开头:1)提及有关订单或合同,说明写信目的; 正文:2)提出有利的付款条件; 3)说明选择此付款条件的原因; 结尾:4)期望:接受付款条件。
汇付
对于你方以电汇方式不晚于11月30日预付全 部货款，我方表示感谢。(total amount)
• We should express thanks that you pay the total amount to us in advance by T/T not later than 30 November.
外贸函电写作Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
• Terms of payment frequently used （支付方式） L/C ---confirmed, irrevocable L/C Remittance汇付 1. T/T (telegraphic transfer) 电汇是目前使用较多的一种汇款方式，其业务流程是：先由
• The buyer who places the order is not in charge or does not have the authority to open the L/C. This is often the case in a large company like chain store, in which the Finance Department, not the Import Department, is in charge of the L/C applications.
• 托收(Collection) 托收是出口商为了向进口商收取销售货款或劳务 价款，开立汇票委托银行代收的结算方式。出口商将作为货权凭 证的商业单据与汇票一起通过银行向进口商提示，进口商只有在 承兑或付款后才能取得货权凭证。 托收有光票托收和跟单托收之 分。跟单托收按交单条件的不同，又有“付款交单”和“承兑交 单”两种。而付款交单又有“即期付款交单”和“远期付款交单 ”之分，远期汇票的付款日期又有“见票后××天付款”“提单 日后××天付款”和出票日后××天付款”3种规定方法。但在 有的国家还有货到后××天付款的规定方法。所以，在磋商和订 立合同条款时，须按具体情况予以明确规定。兹分别示例如下： 付款交单——即期D／P at sight 买方应凭卖方开具的即期跟单汇 票，于见票时立即付款，付款后交单。 付款交单——远期D／P after sight 买方对卖方开具的见票后××天付款的跟单汇票，于 提示时应即予承兑，并应于汇票到期日即予付款，付款后交单。 承兑交单D／A 买方对卖方开具的见票后天付款的跟单汇票，于 提示时应即承兑，并应于汇票到期日即予付款。承兑后交单。承 兑交单并不意味买方到期一定付款，这取决于买方的信誉。
国际商务函电之付款方式terms-of-payment
• 尽管如此，在当今国际市场出口竞争日益 激烈的情况下，出口人为了推销商品占领 市场，有时也不得不采用托收方式。如果 对方进口人信誉较好，出口人在国外又有 自己的办事机构，则风险可以相对小一些。 • 托收对进口人比较有利，可以免去开证的 手续以及预付押金，还有可以预借货物的 便利。当然托收对进口人也不是没有一点 风险。如，进口人付款后才取得货运单据， 领取货物，如果发现货物与合同规定不符， 或者根本就是假的，也会因此而蒙受损失， 但总的来说，托收对进口人比较有利。
Types of L/D • Confirmed and unconfirmed L/C • Sight and usance L/C • Transferable L/C • L/C without recourse and with recourse • 有追索权信用证/无追索权信用证
• Back to Back Credit背对背信用证
• 根据受益人对信用证的权利可否转让，可分为： • ①可转让信用证(Transferable L/C)。指信用 证的受益人(第一受益人)可以要求授权付款、承 担延期付款责任，承兑或议付的银行(统称“转 让行”)，或当信用证是自由议付时，可以要求 信用证中特别授权的转让银行，将信用证全部或 部分转让给一个或数个受益人(第二受益人)使用 的信用证。开证行在信用证中要明确注明“可转 让”(transferable)，且只能转让一次。 • ②不可转让信用证。指受益人不能将信用证的权 利转让给他人的信用证。凡信用证中未注明“可 转让”，即是不可转让信用证。
Unit Seven
Terms of payment
Modes of payment
1. Remittance
2. Collection
外贸英语函电与单证课后答案第6章 付款方式4
4. (1) The irrevocable L/C gives your experts the protection of bank’s guarantee. (2) In order to settle the terms of payment, we are prepare to give our serous consideration to any helpful proposals. (3) In order to conclude this business, we are willing to give our payment of 50% L/C and the balance by D/P at sight. (4) We would be grateful if you would expedite establishment of the L/c so that we can ship the order in time. (5) Partial shipment are permitted because we can’t supply all the goods you ordered at one time. (6) We have opened an L/C in your favor through the Bank of China for an amount of $ 80,000 . (7) We are glad to inform you that the L/C No. 450 for the amount of $ 25,000 has been established in your favor through the HongKong Bank. (8) As the price of your leather shoes is acceptable, we are going to place a trial order with you if you agree with the terms of payment by D/P (9) Under such circumstances, we find that both the shipment and validity of the L/C should be extended respectively. (10) We will not be able to ship the goods in times if the amendments to the L/C come are too late.
外贸英语Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
(3) Collection(托收)
According to the ways documents are released to the drawee, documentary collection is classified as follows
1 SitInuasttirounmal eTnastsk of Payment
(1) Draft(汇票) (2) Invoice(发票) (3) Check(支票) (4) Promissory Note(本票)
(1) Draft(汇票)
A draft is a written three-party instrument signed by a drawer(出票人)that directs a drawee(受票人/ 付款人) to pay a definite sum of money to or to the order of a specified party (payee)(受款人) at sight or at a specified future date unconditionally. It is sometimes called bill of exchange or bill.汇票是出 票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在将来某确 定的时间无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票 人的书面三方票据。
(2) Invoice(发票)
An invoice is a document that lists goods that have been supplied or services that have been done, and says how much money you owe for them. According to different uses, invoices can be divided into several types, such as commercial invoice(商业发票), shipping invoice(装运发票), trade invoice(贸易发票), sample invoice(样品发票).
上海海事大学船舶贸易课件 第六章 二手船买卖
（%）
50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30 10-20 10以下
（二）按每载重吨单价指标估算二手船 的价格
• • • •
P1----- 已知的二手船价格（单位：美元） P2----- 需估算的二手船价格（单位：美元） DWT1---- 已知船价的二手船载重吨 DWT2----需估算船价的二手船载重吨
6. 买方接船准备工作 • 为船舶进行船旗国登记 Ship’s certificate of registry • 为买入的船舶融资/贷款 • 在交船港作出接船准备 • 其他（安排保险、租船合约等）
7. 潜水员或进干坞检查船底或水下部分
8. 卖方递交通知书 Notice of readiness
（不是严格意义的交船文件）
12. 船舶无登记负担证书 certificate of free from registered encumbrances 登记负担：例如卖方向银行借贷并将 船舶作抵押；
此证书由船旗国当局签发。
13. 原船舶登记注销证书 deletion 法律交接时卖方提供，用于买方永久 登记船舶。
4. 买方派船员上船熟悉操作
5. 卖方准备交船工作 • 通知买方交船时间与地点 Estimated time of arrival at the intended place of delivery • 交船前进干坞检查船底 • 准备交船文件且符合交船保证 • 在交船港作出交接船舶准备 • 安排船舶文件交接，通知卖方融资银 行、保险公司等方面
二、NSF下二手船买卖流程
1. 买卖双方订立买卖合同 双方通过经纪人介绍，达成以NSF为 标准格式的买卖合同。
2. 买方支付保证金 deposit • 为什么要支付保证金？ • 卖方损失低于或高于保证金的情况 • 船舶交接时保证金的处理
新编外贸英语函电写作教程Unit 6 Terms of Payment
2020/10/16
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Specimen Letters
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Letter 1 Requesting Terms of Payment
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Letter 1 Requesting Terms of Payment
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Letter 3 Urging Establishment of an L/C
Core Vocabulary stipulation: 规定，条款 expedite: 加快，加速
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Enhance Your Grammar
1. As we are ______ of these goods, please expedite shipment after receiving our L/C.
的原因 3. 见卖方Step 3，表达与对方合作的意愿
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Enhance Your Grammar
1. We suggest that you ______ our representative in Beijing for your requirements.
A. will contact
A. to an effect
B. to this effect
C. to that effect
D. to the effect
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Mini Case
Please write a reply to a letter pressing for overdue payment. You may use the ideas given below.
terms of payment 外贸函电支付方式
Terms of PaymentWarm- upHow many instruments of payment do you know?How many basic methods of payment do you know?Have you ever heard about L/C?Why is L/C generally used in international trade?Learning objectives⏹To learn the basic three instruments of payment –bill of exchange, promissory note and cheque.⏹To learn the modes of payment in int’l trade – remittance, collection, letter of credit.⏹To be aware of the advantage and disadvantage under different payment methods.⏹To learn the letter of asking for easier terms⏹To learn the letter of replying for negotiate payment termsTerms of PaymentThe terms of payment are an important part of the sales contract both sellers and buyers are concerned about.Conditions under which the seller and buyer agree to settle the financial amount of the sales contract.International payment arrangements are much complicated because:Financial instruments⏹In int’l trade, currencies and bills are two major means of payment.⏹It is difficult for the buyer to pay and the seller to deliver the goods face to face.⏹They use documents to fulfill their respective obligations, i.e., the seller delivers the goods and is paid against the documents, meanwhile the buyer makes payment and get the goods against the documents. Banks are intermediaries, and bills are instruments of payment.Instruments of Int’l SettlementClassification of drafts1.According to time when the draft falls due:----Sight (Demand ) Bill(Draft)----Time ( Usance) Bill (Draft)2.According to the Shipping documents attached or not:----Clean Bill (no conditions)----Documentary Bill3.According to who the drawer is:----Commercial Bill----Banker’s Bill※An Example of a Banker’s DraftAn Example of a Commercial DraftPromissory Note 本票中国建设银行现金支票样本Three Main Methods of PaymentTypes of RemittanceRemittance is chiefly used forPayment in advance;Cash with order;Delivery first and payment afterwards;Small quantity of goods;Commission;Sundry chargesTypes of Remittance⏹Mail Transfer, M/T⏹Cheap but slow, seldom used⏹Telegraphic Transfer, T/T⏹Fast and safe for exporter to get the money⏹The most commonly used type of remittance⏹Demand Draft, D/D⏹Flexible to draw money⏹Convenient for the exporterTypes of CollectionTypes of Collection⏹Collection belongs to commercial credit.⏹The banker only functions as a middleman, and his obligation is only to provide services of delivering documents and collect payment. The seller sends goods first, and gets payment later. Whether the seller can get the payment or not is reliable on the buyer’s credit. The buyer gets financing from the seller.Letter of Credit, L/C信用证⏹A L/C is a conditional written undertaking given by bank on the request of an importer to pay at sight or at determinable future date a certain amount of money to the exporter against stipulated documents, provided that the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with.Letter of Credit, L/C信用证The Characteristics of L/CThe advantages of using an L/CIt is reliable and safe for both sellers and buyers.Because the issuing bank use its own credit to guarantee the payment of orders.The disadvantages of using an L/CComplicated procedure of applying for a L/CBanks will charge service fee for issuing a L/C, therefore it add more cost to the buyer.Confirmed , Irrevocable,Documentary Credit, at sight⏹Modes of payment means a series of acts or operations to realize the funds flow from one country to another.Modes of Int’l PaymentDocumentary CreditRevocable Documentary CreditIrrevocable Documentary CreditConfirmed Irrevocable CreditSight Payment Credit/Negotiation Credit议付Deferred Payment Credit/Acceptance Credit承兑Transferable CreditNon-transferable CreditRevolving Credit循环信用证Reciprocal Credit对开Anticipatory Credit预支信用证Remittance and Collectioncommercial credit offered by companies.Letter of Creditbanker’s credit offered by banks.Letter of CreditL/C: the most generally used method of payment, which is reliable and safe for both sellers and buyers.Characteristics of L/C(1) L/C is an independent instrument compared to contract, and not affected by contract.(2) The bank bears responsibility of First Payment.(3) The bank bears responsibility of the documents not the commodity itself.---- “Document Business”(4) L/C is an agreement among the bankers, beneficiary, opener and all other parties concerned and all parties concerned will be bound by the term on L/C.Terms of PaymentQuestionsQuestionsMain points of Asking for easier paymentOpening:a.reference to the relative order or contract; Mention the contract, goods, etc.Body :b.putting forward favorable payment terms; Propose the terms of paymentC.stating the reasons;Closing:d.expecting acceptance. Wish the reader to accept.Sample letter study1. Agree to the requirements:Opening:a.receiving the letter; State that you have received the letter.Body :b.acceptance of the payment terms;C.stating the reasons of acceptance;Give your reply of agreeing or refusing and your reason.Closing :d.expecting cooperation of acceptance. State your good will and your wish to do business with the reader.2. disagree to the requirements:Opening:a.receiving the letter;Body :b.expressing refusal and stating reasons;C.providing suggestions of new payment terms or insisting on previous terms;Closing :d.hoping to cooperate in the future.Amending payment termsWords & PhrasesDear Mr. Smith,Referring to the contract No. 123, we place an order with you for12000 Spinning Machine (纺纱机) Parts.In the past, our purchases of Spinning Machine Parts from you havenormally been paid by confirmed, irrevocable letters of credit. Thisarrangement has cost us a great deal of money. From the moment weopen the credit until our buyers pay us normally it ties up funds for aboutfour months. This is currently a particularly serious problem for us in view ofthe difficult economic climate and the prevailing high interest rates.If you could offer us easier payment terms, it would probably lead to anincrease in business between our companies. We propose either cash againstdocuments on arrival of goods, or drawing on us at three months’ s ight.We hope our request will meet with your agreement and look forward toyour early reply.Writing StepsUseful ExpressionsUseful ExpressionsWords & PhrasesDear Mr. Clinton,We enclose our Order No. 365. We have examined thespecifications and price list for your range of cotton shirts andnow wish to place an order with you.In the past we have traded with you on a sight credit basis.We would now like to propose a different arrangement. Whenthe goods are ready for shipment and the freight spacebooked, you will fax us and we will then remit the full amountby telegraphic transfer (T/T).We are asking for this payment so that we can giveour customers a specific delivery date and also save theexpense of opening a letter of credit. As we believe thatthis arrangement should make little difference to you andhelp with our sales, we trust that you will agree to ourrequest.We look forward to receiving confirmation of our orderand your agreement to the new arrangements forpayment.Writing StepsUseful ExpressionsUseful ExpressionsWords & PhrasesWriting StepsUseful ExpressionsUseful ExpressionsWords & PhrasesDear Mr. Merton,Thank you for your letter of 11 November 2005.We have considered your request for a trial deliveryof china on documents against acceptance terms, butregret to say that we cannot agree to your proposal.As an exception, the best we can do for the trial is tooffer D/P.If you accept our proposal you run very little risk, sinceour china is well known for its quality, attractive design andreasonable price. Our lines sell very well all over the worldand have done so far for the last 50 years. We do not thinkyou will have any difficult in achieving a satisfactoryvolume of sales.If you find our proposal acceptable, please let us knowand we can then expedite the transaction.Yours sincerely ,Writing StepsUseful ExpressionsAnalyzing the letterParagraph 1: identifying the referenceParagraph 2: accepting the proposal, giving the reasonsParagraph 3: making it clear that the concession does not apply to future transactions Paragraph 4: detailing the enclosureLanguage Points1. pay v. 付款1) pay in advance 预付2) pay by installments 分期付款3) pay on delivery 货到付款4) pay by 30 days L/Cpay by time L/C at 30 days以见票后30天议付的信用证付款5) pay by sight L/C 以即期信用证付款We trust you will pay our draft on presentation.我们相信你方在见到我们的汇票时即照付。
Terms of Payment 外贸英语函电课件
3. The time of shipment stipulated in S/C is during July/August, while your L/C expires on August 18. Please amend the L/C to read: “ This credit expires on September 21.”
in accordance with in conformity with in compliance with comply with conform to observe abide by
1.set forth formal to explain ideas, facts, or opinions in a clearly organized way in writing or in a speech [= set out]:
secured be strengthened by (with) straps
reinforced
make compensation for loss
compensate: to pay someone money in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some inconvenience: Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries.
amendment to covering L/C
上海市上海市上海海事大学国际国运国际贸易术语期末考试
《国际贸易术语期末考试》一、单项选择题1.下列贸易术语中，装运时间早于交货时间的是( B )A.CIFB.DDPC.FOBD.FCA2．以CIF成交，货物所有权（A ）A．随运输单据交给买方而转移给买方B．随货物风险转移至买方而转移给买方C．随货物交给买方而转移给买方D．随货物支付完毕而转移给买方在国际惯例方面，只有国际法协会制定的关于CIF合同的《华沙—牛津规则》第6条对所有权转移的时间做出了规定。
根据这一规定，在CIF合同中，货物的所有权既不是在订立合同时转移，也不是在货交承运人时刻转移，而是在卖方把代表货物的单据交给买方时转移。
国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则》本身并未规定货物的所有权转移问题。
3．根据《2010通则》的解释，适用于各种运输方式的是（A ）A．FCA B．FAS C．FOB4．《2010通则》CIF与FOB的重要区别之一是（C ）A．风险划分的地点不同B．交货地点不同C．风险划分的地点与费用相分离。
5．CIF合同的货物在装船后因火灾被焚，应由（ B ）A．卖方负责损失；B．买方负责请求保险公司赔偿；C．卖方负责请求保险公司赔偿；6．就卖方承担的风险而言（ A ）A．CIF=CFR=FOB B．CIF>CFR>FOB7．《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》中，卖方承担义务最小的术语是( D )。
A. CIFB. FOBC. DAFD. EXW8．下述术语中，既属内陆交货又属象征性交货的术语是（ B ）。
A.EXWB.FCAC.FOBD.DDP9．《2 010年国际贸易术语解释通则》对贸易术语分类的标准是（ A ）A 运输方式B 卖方承担义务大小C 交货方式D 交货地点10．按CIF Landed成交，买卖双方的风险划分界限为（ B ）。
A.货物交给承运人B.货物在装运港装船C.货物到目的港卸船D.货物交到目的港的码头11．专门解释CIF术语的国际贸易惯例是（B ）。
上海市上海市上海海事大学国际航运专业国际货物运输期末考试答案
《国际货物运输期末考试》一、中英文互译：1、Order B/L：指示提单2、清洁提单：Clean B/L3、已装船提单on board B/L4、FCL，LCL：整箱货，拼箱货二、单项选择题1．在班轮运输方式下，对装卸费收取较为普遍采用的办法是（Ａ）。
A．船方负担装卸费B．船方不负担装卸费C．船方负担装货费，而不负担卸货费D．船方只负担卸货费，而不负担装货费2．在（Ｃ）运输方式下，船方和货方要计算速遣和滞期费。
A．班轮B．定期租船C．定程租船D．光船租船3．国际贸易中最主要的运输方式是（Ｃ）。
A．航空运输B．铁路运输C．海洋运输D．公路运输4．在国际买卖合同中，使用较普遍的装运期规定办法是（Ａ）。
A．明确规定具体的装运时间B．规定收到信用证后若干天装运C．收到信汇、电汇或票汇后若干天装运D．笼统规定近期装运5．在规定装卸时间的办法中，使用最普遍的是（Ｃ）。
A．日或连续日B．累计24小时好天气工作日C．连续24小时好天气工作日D．24小时好天气工作日6．在进出口业务中，经过背书能够转让的单据有（Ｂ）。
A．铁路运单B．海运提单C．航空运单D．邮包收据7．按提单收货人抬头分类，在国际贸易中被广泛使用的提单（Ｃ）。
A．记名提单B．不记名提单C．指示提单D．班轮提单8．班轮提单的签发日期是指（Ｂ）A．开始装船的日期B．装船完毕的日期C．货物送至装运港的日期9．必须经背书才能转让的海运提单是（Ｃ）A．记名提单B．不记名提单C．指示提单10．海运提单之所以能够向银行办理抵押贷款，是因为( Ｄ ) 。
A.海运提单是承运人签发的货物收据B.海运提单可以转让C.海运提单是运输契约的证明D.海运提单具有物权凭证的性质11．CIF合同项下的海运提单对运费的表示应为（Ａ）。
A.运费预付B.运费到付C.运费预付或运费到付12．我与外商按CIF条件成交商品2000打，允许卖方有5％溢短装幅度，我实际装2000打（提单也表明为2000打），货抵目的港后，买方即来函反映仅收到1848打，并已取得公司短少证明，我正确答复是（Ｄ）。
外贸函电 第六章(支付2014)
即期付款交单方式付款信函
Dear Sirs,
We wish to place with you an order for 100 leather handbags.
For this particular order we would like to pay by D/P at sight. Involved about USD2 000, this order is comparatively a little one. It goes without saying that we very much appreciate the support you have extended us in the past. It will be highly appreciated if you can do us a special favor this time. We look forward to your favourable reply. Yours faithfully,
When the consignment is shipped the Company is to draw on your correspondents at 60 d/s. The documents to accompany the draft are the bill of lading, commercial and consular invoices and insurance policy. Kindly ask your correspondents to see that the insurance policy gives full cover before they accept the draft. Yours faithfully
Terms of Payment(condensed)PPT课件
2020/10/13
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D/P at sight 即期付款交单
Upon presentation, the Buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the Seller at sight. The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.
2020/10/13
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Goods are shipped and documents are sent directly to the buyer with request for payment at appropriate time at agreed future date. The seller has little control over the process, clearly this method is the most advantageous for the buyer in cash flow and cost term.
It is against acceptance that documents are released to the buyer.
2020/10/13
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The Buyer shall duly accept the documentary draft drawn by the Seller at××days’ sight upon presentation and make payment on its maturity. The shipping documents are to be delivered against acceptance.
Termsofpayment大全
Terms of payment 大全，外贸常识payment 支付，付款to pay 付款，支付，偿还dishonour 拒付deferred payment 延期付款progressive payment 分期付款payment on terms 定期付款payment agreement 支付协定pay order 支付凭证payment order 付款通知payment by banker 银行支付payment by remittance 汇拨支付payment in part 部分付款payment in full 全部付讫clean payment 单纯支付simple payment 单纯支付payment by installment 分期付款payment respite 延期付款payment at maturity 到期付款payment in advance 预付（货款）Cash With Order (C.W.O) 随订单付现Cash On Delivery (C.O.D) 交货付现Cash Against documents (C.A.D) 凭单付现pay on delivery (P.O.D) 货到付款payment in kind 实物支付payment for (in) cash 现金支付，付现pay...Co. only 仅付...公司pay...Co. not negotiable 付...公司，不准疏通pay...Co. or order (pay to the order of...Co.) 付...公司或其指定人refusal 拒绝decline 下降，下跌the refusal of payment 拒付the bank interest 银行利息something goes wrong 某事上出问题，出现差错commodity 产品convenient 方便的discount 贴现draft 汇票Promisory Note 本票cheque 支票clean bill 光票documentary bill 跟单汇票Sight Bill 即期汇票Time Bill 远期汇票Usance Bill 远期汇票Commercial Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 商业汇票Banker's Bill 银行汇票Commercial Acceptance Bill 商业承兑汇票Bankers' Acceptance Bill 银行承兑汇票invoice 发票Performer Invoice 形式发票Sample Invoice 样品发票Consignment Invoice 寄售发票Recipe Invoice 收妥发票Certified Invoice 证明发票Manufacturers' Invoice 厂商发票At...days (month)after sight 付款人见票后若干天（月）付款At sight 即期，见票即付At...days sight 付款人见票后若干天即付款At...days after date 出票后若干天付款At...days after B/L 提单签发后若干天付款remittance 汇付Mail transfer (M/T) 信汇Demand Draft (D/D) 票汇collection 托收Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇clean Bill for Collection 光票托收documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收Uniform Rules for Collection 《托收统一规则》Collection Advice 托收委托书Advice of Clean Bill for Collection 光票托收委托书Collection Bill Purchased 托收出口押汇Trust Receipt 信托收据copy 副本original 正本documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单documents against Payment at Sight (D/P sight)即期付款交单to make exception 例外sales-purchasing 促销，推销documents against Payment after Sight (D/P sight) 远期付款交单documents against Acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单dealing 交易，生意destination 目的地Cash Against Payment 凭单付款Letter of Credit (L/C) 信用证form of credit 信用证形式Terms of validity 信用证效期Expiry Date 效期Date of issue 开证日期L/C amount 信用证金额L/C number 信用证号码to open by airmail 信开to open by cable 电开to open by brief cable 简电开证fixed L/C or fixed amount L/C 有固定金额的信用证to amend L/C 修改信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Usance L/C 远期信用证Buyer's Usance L/C 买方远期信用证Traveler's L/C 旅行信用证Revocable L/C 可撤消的信用证Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消的信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑的信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑的信用证Confirmed Irrevocable L/C 保兑的不可撤消信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Irrevocable Unconfirmed L/C 不可撤消不保兑的信用证Untransferable L/C 不可转让信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Reciprocal L/C 对开信用证Back to Back L/C 背对背信用证Countervailing credit （俗称）子证Overriding credit 母证Banker's Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证Trade Acceptance L/C 商业承兑信用证Red Clause L/C 红条款信用证Anticipatory L/C 预支信用证Credit payable by a trader 商业付款信用证Credit payable by a bank 银行付款信用证usance credit payment at sight 假远期信用证Uniform Customs and Practice for documentary Credits 跟单信用证统一惯例I.C.C. Publication No.400 第400号出版物Credit with T/T Reimbursement Clause 带有电报索汇条款的信用证method of reimbursement 索汇方法without recourse 不受追索Opening Bank' Name & Signature 开证行名称及签字beneficiary 受益人guarantor 保证人Exporter's Bank 出口方银行Importer's Bank 进口方银行Seller's Bank 卖方银行Buyer's Bank 买方银行Paying Bank 付款行，汇入行Remitting Bank 汇出行Opening Bank 开证行Issuing Bank 开证行Advising Bank 通知行Notifying Bank 通知行Negotiating Bank 议付行Drawee Bank 付款行Confirming Bank 保兑行Presenting Bank 提示行Transmitting Bank 转递行Accepting Bank 承兑行pay bearer 付给某人bearer 来人payer 付款人consignee 受托人consignor 委托人drawer 出票人principal 委托人drawee 付款人consignee 受托人truster 信托人acceptor 承兑人trustee 被信托人endorser 背书人discount 贴现endorsee 被背书人endorse 背书holder 持票人endorsement 背书bailee 受托人，代保管人payment against documents 凭单付款payment against documents through collection 凭单托收付款payment by acceptance 承兑付款payment by bill 凭汇票付款Letter of Guarantee (L/G) 保证书Bank Guarantee 银行保函Contract Guarantee 合约保函Payment Guarantee 付款保证书Repayment Guarantee 还款保证书Import Guarantee 进口保证书Tender/Bid Guarantee 投标保证书Performance Guarantee 履约保证书Retention Money Guarantee 保留金保证书documents of title to the goods 物权凭证Authority to Purchase (A/P) 委托购买证Letter of Indication 印鉴核对卡Letter of Hypothecation 质押书General Letter of Hypothecation 总质押书最新报关英语打全最新报关英语大全:一．单证（documents)进出口业务涉及的单证总的包括三大类：1。
Offer 报盘 询盘,还盘,Terms of Payment支付条款
Offer 报盘Brief Introduction报盘是交易磋商中必经的主要环节之一。
在出口贸易中，报盘通常是卖方向买方提出某种交易条件（包括商品名称、数量、规格、交货期等）并愿按此条件成交。
报盘有虚盘（Offer Without Engagement）和实盘（Firm Offer）两种形式。
虚盘是报盘人所作的非承诺性表示。
虚盘都附有保留条件，如“以我方最后确认为有效”（Subject to our final Confirmation）等。
一般说来，虚盘对报盘人没有约束力，较为灵活，可以根据市场变化挑选成交时机和相宜的对手，以取得有利的交易条件。
实盘是报盘人在规定的一定期限内愿按所提条件达成交易的肯定表示。
报盘在有效期内不得随意撤回或修改报盘内容。
报盘一经买方在有效期内无保留地接受，交易即告成立，双方就有了法律约束力的合同关系。
Words and Phrasesoffer 报盘，报价to offer for 对……报价to make an offer for 对……报盘（报价）firm offer 实盘non-firm offer 虚盘to forward an offer (or to send an offer) 寄送报盘to get an offer(or to obtain an offer) 获得……报盘to cable an offer (or to telegraph an offer) 电报（进行）报价offer and acceptance by post 通过邮政报价及接受to accept an offer 接受报盘to entertain an offer 考虑报盘to give an offer 给...报盘to submit an offer 提交报盘official offer 正式报价（报盘）quote 报价quotation 价格preferential offer 优先报盘cost of production 生产费用reasonable 合理的competitive 有竞争性的the preference of one's offer 优先报盘wild speculation 漫天要价Basic Expressions1. This offer is firm subject to your immediate reply which should reach us not later than the end of this month. There is little likelihood of the goods remaining unsold once this particular offer has lapsed.上述报盘以你方答复在不迟于本月底前到达我方为有效。
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上海海事大学 高洁
Export Credit Insurance(出口信用保险)
• 国家为了推动本国的出口贸易、保障出口企业的收汇安全 而制定的一项由国家财政提供保险准备金的非营利性的政 策性保险业务。 • Sinosure（简称中国信保）是我国唯一的政策性出口信用 保险公司。于2001年12月成立，由中国政府全资拥有，注 册资本金40亿人民币。
中国出口信用保险公司
China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation
上海海事大学 高洁
Export Credit Insurance(出口信用保险)
政治风险
• 贸易过程中发生的由不可抗拒原因导致的风险
– 进口国发生国内战争、政治动乱、进口限制或者禁止、关税上调 、外汇交易限制或者禁止等无法控制的国家或政府行为； – 进口国发生自然灾害等原因使无法出口、不能回收货款； – 海外投资中购买的股票及投资实体等被强制没收。
上海海事大学 高洁
Open Account(赊销)
Definition
• The exporter conducts international business in a manner similar to the way it conducts business domestically. • The exporter ships the goods, accompanied by an invoice, and expects the importer to pay within a defined time period (3060 days). • The exporter shows complete trust in the importer.
– COFACE 法国信用保险集团 – Unicredit Beijing 北京联信征信咨询有限公司
Exposure (承受力风险)
• The relative consequences of a bad-debt risk for an exporter.
上海海事大学 高洁
Open Account(赊销)
Applicability
• The exporter is confident that the importer will pay (e.g. longstanding business relationship). • The exporter is competing with companies that offer Open Account terms. • The exporter wants to create goodwill.
商业信用风险
• 由于进口企业自身原因带来的危险
– 进口方破产、亏损等经营方面的理由而使货款未能收回，接受买 方信贷一方无法按照合同约定归还贷款； – 进口企业破产等原因导致出口中断。
上海海事大学 高洁
赔付比例
• 政治风险：90％
• 商业风险：1.买方破产或丧失偿付能力：90％
2.买方拖欠：90％ 3.拒收货物：80％ • 特殊情况：东欧等少部分国家和地区的商业风险赔付比例 为50％，可视情况予以适当提高。
上海海事大学 高洁
Alternative Terms of Payment
• • • • • • Cash in Advance Open Account Letter of Credit Documentary Collection Procurement Cards TradeCard
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
Case(1)
• 中国出口商D公司从2002年起与美国A公司开始海产品贸易，双 方曾签署2笔海产品贸易合同，A公司付款情况正常。2003年， D公司再次与A公司签署了第3笔合同，向A公司出口价值10万美 元的扇贝，支付方式为D/A(Documents against Acceptance)30天。 • 为防范可能发生的信用风险，D公司向中国信保投保了出口信 用保险。D公司按照约定出运了货物，A公司如期承兑汇票并提 取了货物。应付款日届至后，A公司未能支付货款。在D公司多 次敦促下，A公司才答复因产品存在质量问题，遭最终买家退 货，故拒绝支付货款，但却未提供任何书面证据。 D公司要求A 公司提供SGS检验证明，A公司未予答复。在多次协商无果后， D公司遂委托中国信保追讨欠款。 • 思考：D公司的欠款是否能够顺利追回?
Chapter 6 Terms of Payment
Characteristics of International Payment Issues
• • • • • • Reduced Credit Information Lack of Personal Contact Difficult and Expensive Collections No Easy Legal Recourse Higher Litigation Costs Mistrust
上海海事大学 高洁
Risks in International Trade
Country Risk
• Political & economical risk • The probability of not getting paid by an importer, because the importing country has:
International Factoring（国际保理）
• A means of financing international receivable accounts. • The firm can ask a factoring company to advance funds on a receivable account.
上海海事大学 高洁
Case(2)
• SGS：Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A.的简称，译为“通用公证 行”。SGS是一家认证机构，其总部在瑞士的日内瓦。它可以做管理 体系认证，也可以做产品认证以及化学测试。 • 许多国家实施“全面进口监管计划”COMPREHESIVE IMPORT SUPERVISION SCHEME(CISS)，这些国家的进口法规规定，进入这些国 家的货物必须由SGS在出口供货国进行装船前检验。SGS介入的目的是 协助CISS国家政府对海关和（或）外汇管理系统的管理。
– Insufficient foreign exchange reserves. – Not allowed the creditor to pay the debt (political embargo).
Commercial Risk
• The probability of not getting paid by an importer, because the importer does not have the funds to pay the debt or refuses to pay the debt.
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
上海海事大学 高洁
Case：买家风险动态跟踪
• 中国信保一保户与德国一买家进行贸易，在中国信保获得 的限额为200,000美元，OA 30天。合作情况一直较好。 • 2006年2月中国信保接到信息，该德国买家财务情况发生 异动，付款能力出现问题，信保通知保户暂停和其贸易。 • 到2006年9月，该买家情况有所好转，信保建议保户和该 买家采用较为保守的支付方式D/P(Documents against Payment)进行贸易，避免发生收汇风险。 • 次年2月，德国买家经营完全恢复正常，中国信保同意保 户采用OA 支付方式继续和其进行贸易。通过中国信保的 风险管理机制，即帮助保户保住了客户，又规避了风险。
上海海事大学 高洁
中国出口信用保险公司
——短期出口信用保险业务
• • 一般情况下保障信用期限在一年以内的出口收汇风险。 适用于出口企业从事以信用证（L/C）、付款交单（D/P）、承兑交单（D/A）、赊销（ OA） • 结算方式自中国出口或转口的贸易，以及银行在出口贸易项下受让的应收账款或未到 期债权。 承保风险： • 商业风险——指买方破产或无力偿付债务；买方拖欠货款；买方拒绝接受货物；开证行 破产、停业或被接管；单证相符、单单相符时开证行拖欠或在远期信用项下拒绝承兑。 • 政治风险——指买方或开证行所在国家、地区禁止或限制买方或开证行向被保险人支付 货款或信用证款项；禁止买方购买的货物进口或撤销已颁布发给买方的进口许可证；发 生战争、内战或者暴动，导致买方无法履行合同或开证行不能履行信用证项下的付款义 务；买方或开证行付款须经过的第三国颁布延期付款令。 损失赔偿比例： • 政治风险所造成损失的最高赔偿比例为90%。 • 破产、无力偿付债务、拖欠等其他商业风险所造成损失的最高赔偿比例为90%。 • 买方拒收货物所造成损失的最高赔偿比例为80%。 • 出口信用保险（福费廷）保险单下的最高参与比例可以达到100%。
Cash in Advance(现金预付)
Definition
• The exporter requests that the customer provide payment in advance(SWIFT), before shipment of the goods can take place. • It is the ultimate “risk-free” alternative for the exporter. • The risk is completely transferred to the importer. Applicability • This method is only justified in rare cases. • It could be used when the importer is perceived as being very high risk (commercial or country risk). • It should be avoided.