读写任务型-材料概括型作文-写作训练-高三英语

“读写任务式作文”写作训练
Focus: 30词的摘要怎么写？
（限时训练十五作文）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

As we all know, the “(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival period” has been a hot phrase all through the China land.
The volume of passenger traffic(客运量) reaches its climax before and after the Spring Festival. Especially, the number of those who decide to go back to their hometown by train is increasing rapidly, so it promotes the short of the tickets of passenger train. Luckily, the Ministry of Railways(铁道部) has come up with solutions. For instance, it arranges extra trains during the peak time for passenger transport as well as opens 24-hour ticket sales windows for passengers in order to ease the traffic pressure. Moreover, it helps to deliver train tickets to the doorsteps, providing convenience for passengers.
One thing that has to be mentioned this year is about start of selling tickets on-line this year. For one thing, it to some degree shortens the time of purchasing tickets. However, most of the passengers are migrant workers returning home for Spring Festival. They are not familiar with the process of buying tickets and as a result cannot buy the tickets on time. What is worse, many computers selling tickets broke down under too much pressure of operation. Therefore, many people blame such a method in that it doesn’t suit nowadays’ situation.
以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

【忌照抄原句！忌添加自己观点！30词左右！】
1. 以约120个词对“春运”进一步叙写，内容包括：
（1）自己亲身经历或者听闻的一次火车春运的状况；【第一人称，过去时】
（2）“网上售票”引起人们不满的原因；【乘客主体是农民工，不懂购票；系统本身不够先进。

其实这两点可以从阅读材料中找到，但是必须用不同方式来表达】
（3）给铁道部或者农民工提出解决“网上购票”问题的合理化建议。

【针对上一段提出的两方面问题来写】
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或者虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读
材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语句连贯。

【请你练习】划出每段关键词；替换成不同表达方式；关键
词：transport during the Spring Festival period”，solutions，selling tickets on-line， However, passengers，blame
范文：Although it is as crowded as usual during the “transport during the Spring Festival period”, many solutions have been raised. But this year, with another problem of buying tickets on-line appearing, many passengers are
附：广东高考概括部分评分细则：1．完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分；2．机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分；3．稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语，宾语、原文词序的，得2分；4．创造性地抄，改主语，宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分。

5．结构、用词，词性变化比较好的4至5分。

st year, I, together with my parents, went to our hometown by train. At that time, you can imagine how crowded it was in the railway station and how difficult it was for us to buy a ticket. Worse still, it was raining and we had to wait in queue patiently for our turn to buy tickets. This year, things are much better. We can buy tickets through Internet. However, some other problems appear.Reasons for the problems of buying tickets on-line are divided. For migrant workers, lacking the knowledge of handling computers has trapped them into trouble. Also, the ticket-selling system is not advanced enough to cope with difficult situations.To solve the problem, I suggest that not only should the Ministry of Railways update or better the ticket-selling system regularly but also provide more convenient and easy ways for migrant workers to buy tickets. As for migrant workers, they can learn to purchase their tickets on-line with the help of Internet or co-workers. Choosing other means of transportation to return back is also available.
一、读写任务所提供的短文体裁多样包括：议论文、记叙文(如用一个故事引出一个话题或道理)、新闻报道/说明文（说明一种现象）等。

题材多为当今社会热点问题，难度不会太高。

用大约30词来概括这篇短文的意思，不能抄袭原文中的句子。

要求概括精炼、到位。

二、概括部分包含几种能力1、看清文章的体裁和结构，反映出原文中作者的观点。

2、具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。

3、有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。

3、 不同文体的概括方式1、议论文----找出论点、结论， 再补充论据 议论文的要点：①论点 ②论据 ③结论有的议论文是对两种不同观点或相反观点的论说，我们在作文时要把两种观点的内容都概括进去。

第一篇
More and more students are doing part-time jobs in holidays. There are many advantages in students’ doing part-time jobs. For example, earning some money can support them. They can also learn a lot which can’t be
learned from textbooks. They will learn to get along with different kinds of people, get useful work experience and learn to value money. Thus they will apply themselves to society more easily.
However, some people think there are also some disadvantages. Too much work may reduce students’ study time when they should get the best of their school life. Thus it will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge. Another disadvantage is that money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed.
[写作内容]
1)概括短文的内容要点，该部分的字数大约30词左右;
2)就“中学生应不应该从事假期打工”这一话题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点，该部分大约120词左右;
a)关于假期打工，你的看法是什么?
b)陈述你赞成打工或不赞成打工的原因。

c)如果你赞成打工，你将怎样对待学习；或者如果你赞成不打工，你将怎样了解社会?
[写作要求]
你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读
材料的内容，但不可抄袭阅读材料的句子。

解题指导：
步骤1．认真阅读全文，确定议论文的基本结构，划出短文的论点和结论。

More and more students are doing part-time jobs in holidays. There are many advantages in students’ doing part-time jobs. For example, earning some money can support them. They can also learn a lot which can’t be learned from textbooks. They will learn to get along with different kinds of people, get useful work experience and learn to value money. Thus they will apply themselves to society more easily.
However, some people think there are also some disadvantages. Too much work may reduce students’ study time when they should get the best of their school life. Thus it will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge. Another disadvantage is that money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed.
即：There are many advantages in students’ doing part-time jobs.
步骤2．在文中找出各论据，改写。

论点:There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays.
论据一: Earning some money can support them.
论据二: They will apply themselves to society more easily.
论据三: It will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge.
论据四：Money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed.
现在，练习用英文对上面的句子进行paraphrase (用英文解释英文)，完成对原文的概括。

范文：
【论点】There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays. 【论点一及论据】Some think it’s good for them, for they can not only earn some money but also get society
experiences.
【论点二及抡据】Others think it’s harmful to students, which will have bad influence on their study and may make them get into bad habits 步骤3．完成对文章的概括
步骤4．就题目要求的内容一一作答，并表明你的现实情况及你的观点。

你的观点可以是同意或者反对文章的观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。

内容要点：
a) 关于假期打工，你的看法是什么?
b) 如果你赞成打工，你将怎样对待学习；或者如果你赞成不打工，你将怎样了解社会?
为了紧扣内容要点，建议使用航标式主题句来凸现我们的个人见解，例如：
1) I usually do (or not do ) part-time job……
2) In my opinion, ……
3) It is ……to do (or not do ) part-time job ……
4) Besides it ……
这样，第一，可以保证不离题，有的放矢地瞄准内容要点的要求；第二，可以帮助读者追踪我们的思路。

步骤5．你的观点的论据（或支持句）。

陈述你赞成打工或不赞成打工的原因。

步骤6．总结或对你的观点扩展、升华。

最后，我们用一个总表来总结这篇文章的写作框架。

同学们尝试写一下。

概括部分论点There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays.
论点一及
论据
论点二及
论据
个人见解部分你的现实情况
你的观点论据一论据二
附：英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型:
①“一分为二”的观点。

如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可
能产生的影响” 。

② “两者选一”的观点。

如“乘火车还是乘飞机” 。

③“我认为……”型。

如“你对课外阅读的看法” 。

④“怎样……（how to）”型。

如“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。

第二篇
阅读下列短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

The Internet was a great invention of the last century. With its invention, the whole world has been changed and our life has been changed, too. We can read books without going to libraries; we can do shopping without going to department stores; we can travel wherever we want to without leaving our home; we can talk to people known or unknown. Because of the Internet, the world is more exciting, and our life is more colorful. However, when we enjoy the advantages the Internet has brought us, we should not ignore (忽略) the disadvantages. The Internet also has many negative (消极的) effects on our life. Many young people have become addicted (上瘾的)to online chatting and playing games. The longer they stay on1ine, the more difficult it is for them to live in the real world. What’s more, some students even will give up their studies once they get into the habit of surfing on the Internet. So many parents are even afraid of computers.
主题句: Because of the Internet, the world is more exciting, and our life is more colorful. The Internet also has many negative effects on our life.
论点1之论据：With its invention, the whole world has been changed and our life has been changed, too. We can read books without going to libraries; we can do shopping without going to department stores; we can travel wherever we want to without leaving our home; we can talk to people known or unknown.
论点2之论据：Many young people have become addicted (上瘾的) to online chatting and playing games. The longer they stay on1ine, the more difficult it is for them to live in the real world. What’s more, some students even will give up their studies once they get into the habit of surfing on the Internet.
改写概括：Since its invention, the Internet has changed the whole world and is making our life more and more exciting, colorful and easier. But the addiction to it has become a great danger .
第三篇
阅读下列短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The “spider (蜘蛛) story” is often told. Robert Bruce, the leader of the Scots (苏格兰) in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave. He watched a spider spinning a web (织网). The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times to span (跨过) the gap.
On the seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to
have taken heart and to have gone to defeat the Englishman. Edison, the
inventor of the light bulb (灯泡), made hundreds of models that failed before
he found the right way to make one. Once he was asked why he kept on
trying to make a new type of battery (电池) when he had failed so often, he
replied,“Failure?I have no failure. Now I know 50,000 ways it won’t work.”
【请你概括】
_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
二、说明文/新闻报道---中心句(通常在首段)+现象+形成原因+解决方法
或建议
第四篇
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。

Everyone needs encouragement. Sometimes many people in this world
feel discouraged, unworthy, or unlovable. You can make a difference if you
honestly and sincerely encourage them. Let them know that they are capable,
and they can finish many tasks.
Teenagers and children both need to be encouraged. As friends, we should
talk with them and give them a clear picture of how you see them doing something well. Let them talk about their dreams. Be sure that they will be
able to do what they want to do. Praise them for their accomplishments. Encourage them to do something more challenging. Don' t let them have a
self-pity party.
[写作内容]
1．概括短文的内容要点，该部分大约30词；
2．每个人都需要鼓励，鼓励对于每一个人来说都是很重要的。

你是
如何看待“鼓励”的?请谈谈你的看法，该部分大约120词。

1)在我们的生活中应该以鼓励为主。

父母应该多鼓励自己的孩子；老
师应该多鼓励他们的学生；
2)当我们的朋友灰心丧气时，我们应该用言语鼓励他们，用行动支持
他们；
3)在鼓励别人的同时也要鼓励自己。

鼓励自己能增强自信，能让我们
把事情做得更好。

[写作要求]
你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料
中的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

解题
1．认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。

在原文中找出主题或题句，及
说明的要点。

见原文。

2．对主题和结论进行paraphrase。

A. Encouragement is so important that everyone in this world needs it, especially teenagers and children. We need it to feel worthy, lovable and
more self-confident, but not self-pity.
B. Everyone is in need of encouragement, which is very important. Encouraged by others, people will have more courage to do what they like to
do.
3．对写作内容要求的1）2）3）作答。

4．对主题升华：No punishment, less criticism, but more encouragement.
第五篇
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。

Opportunities don't come often. They come every once in a while. Very
often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore, it is
advisable that you should value and treat them with care. An opportunity
presents itself, and it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you
want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your goals, you must
work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you. As a Chinese
proverb goes," The gods cannot help those who do not seize opportunities." It
is clear that in order to be highly qualified for our future jobs, we should
make preparations. Opportunities are also the basis of success, because a
person who doesn't pay attention to opportunities will never know the importance of them.
[写作内容] 1．概括短文的内容要点，该部分大约30词；2在我们的一生
中，机遇是非常重要的。

那么，你是怎么看待机遇的?请发表你的观
点，至少包括以下内容，该部分大约120词。

1)机遇对于每一个人来说都是平等的，它会悄悄地来到我们身边；
2)我们应该做好一切准备，等机会到来时，我们就抓住它；
3)很多成功的人能够抓住机会；
4)作为当今社会的年轻人，我们要珍惜机会，并好好利用它。

【请你概括】在原文中找出主题句或论点、论据，并paraphrase。

_________________________________________________________________________
3、记叙文---五个w: 何时 (when), 何地 (where), 何人 (who), 何事 (what) ,
结果如何 (how)
夹叙夹议型: 加上作者的看法或感想等, 以第三人称或无人称来概括
解题步骤
1．认真阅读全文，注意文章中所用的形容词、动词及名词的色调，用
以判断作者或主人公的态度，结合写作内容和要求，确定文章的主题。

2．概括全文。

将故事的时间、地点、人物、事件等及所反映的主题，
简明扼要的表述出来。

基本上可以用两句概括。

可以用如下一些句式：A： The story tells/shows us…sb. did sth. some place. time.
B： From the story，we know that …
The story tells us/ informs us the fact/ the truth/ the principal/ a good way/ …
3．就题目要求的内容一一作答，或就文章的主题表明你的现实情况及
你的观点。

4．你的主题的支持句或主题的展开、升华。

第六篇
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。

It was a sunny Saturday afternoon in Oklahoma City. A proud father,
Bobby Lewis was taking his two Little boys to play miniature golf. He
walked up to the man at the ticket counter and said, "How much is it to get
in?"
The young man replied, "Three dollars for you and three dollars for any
kid who is older than six. We let them in for free if they are six or younger.
How old are they?”
Bobby replied, "The younger is three and the older is seven, so I guess I
give you six dollars. "
The man at the ticket counter said, "Hey, mister, you could have saved
yourself three dollars. You could have told me that the older one was six. I
wouldn't have known the difference." Bobby replied, “Yes, that may be true,
but the kids would have known the difference. "
There are some times when ethics (道德) are more important than
anything else. Make sure you set a good example for everyone you work and
live with.
[写作内容] 1．概括短文的内容要点，该部分大约30词；2．你认为
这位父亲做得对吗？假如是你，你也会这么做吗？请发表你的观点，该
部分大约120词。

解题步骤
1．认真阅读全文，注意文中的划线部分，判断作者或主人公的态度，
结合写作内容和要求，确定文章的主题。

Ethics are the most important.
2．概括全文。

将故事的时间、地点、人物、事件等及所反映的主题，
简明扼要的表述出来。

This is a story about a father with noble-minded ethics. The father would
rather spend more money than tell a lie that his older son is less than six.
3．就题目要求的内容一一作答，或就文章的主题表明你的现实情况及
你的观点。

4．你的主题的支持句或主题的展开、升华。

3、4两部分的作文，我们可以按“你认为这位父亲做得对吗？假如是
你，你也会这么做吗？”为议论文的线索，以Ethics are the most important.为主题，用汉语议论文的方法展开这篇120词的作文。

第七篇
There is a 17-year-old girl who was recently reported in the Brirish
Medical Journal. She had been playing various kinds of electronic games for
more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she
could the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One
day, after playing a game called Dark Invader, she lost consciousness (知
觉)and fell to the floor. Doctors who examined her found she was suffering
from an unusual illness caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency.
This matter has generated (引起) a heated discussion all over the world.
Some people are against using the Internet, for, some parents think, the
Internet call seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children.
But many people are fond of using the Internet. They think the world is
becoming srnaller and smaller because of the Internet. It is possible for you to
work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information
you need. You call buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet.
【请你概括】
_________________________________________________________________________
四、写作模板
【议论文的概要模板】
The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for
第一行：题目 第一段：The text is mainly about……（原文的关键人物或话题等）。

In the writer’s (或文章的主要人物) opinion ，……(原文要说明的道理或论点，即原文的关键词或短语)。

第二段：I do agree with the writer(或文章的主要人物). In my opinion ，I also think……(原文的道理或论点). For one thing ， …… (第一个理由). For another thing ， ……(第二个理由). 第三段：Looking back, there are so many similar stories in my life and I choose one of them to show to you. There was a time when I ……(一篇能说明该道理或论点的记叙文，注意要写具体时间、地点、人物，事件的经过等。

中间要使用谚语，万能句型等。

) 第四段：From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw a conclusion that ……(原文要说明的道理或论点).
students.The essay/passage/author argues in support of …, stating that …【记叙文的概要模板】
a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells us…（主题）by showing us an example of…, who/which…（故事情节）.
b.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth,which……
c. 他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth….. 【说明文概要模板】a. 现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon ...（主题), which…..（补充解释）.b. 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B.c. 研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) that…The purpose of the report is to show that… 【概括大意时应注意的几个事项】1. 不可遗漏要点。

概括要点占5分。

2. 不可一字不漏地完全照抄原文。

( 但可以灵活地改动，特别对基础差的同学)3. 不可加入自己的观点. 必须忠于原文、忠于作者。

4. 不要概括太广，缺乏针对性，也不要只针对原文某个细节太狭窄。

5. 不要用列举、描绘性语言当成概括性语言。

6. 不要只用一个简单句来概括，或写得太多句子（单词）。

7. 要注意文体特征。

文体不同, 概括的方式也不同。

8. 不要把概括跟下文写成一起。

（即要求分段）9. 不要用序号标概括和下文，注意概括和下文构成一个不可分隔、完整的文章。

【请你练习】
1. It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried
to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a
ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began
climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic
voice below said, “I don’t think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “ I enjoy
cleaning windows at night.”
“So do I,” answered the policeman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting
you. I hate to interrupt a man when he’s busy working, but would you mind
coming with me to the station?”
“Well, I’d prefer to stay here,” I said. “ You see, I’ve forgotten my key.”
“Your what?” he called.
“My key,” I shouted.
Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as
the policeman had started to climb towards me
点拨：
1）这是一篇记叙文，请从原文中划出时间、地点、人物、事情的经过和结果。

2）填充下面所给的summary, 注意如何借用词法，语法简化句子。

Summary:
On arriving home __________ in the morning, the writer failed to wake up
__________ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to _______________, but was
found by _____________. Soon his shouting woke his wife.
2. Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when advertisements give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a sensible choice when he
buys something. It is useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods in
the shops. Printed advertisements do this job best. Customers can collect
them and compare them. They can be taken along to the shops and their statements can be checked against and actual goods in the shops.
Some advertisements are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping
the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want things.
They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. The voice on TV says, “
Getaway people use XYZ petrol.” The screen shows a picture of petrol pump
for a fast expensive car owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend. They drive
off to the wonderful country or a lovely beach. Some people may feel that
clever, successful people use XYZ petrol. Some might choose that petrol
every time they fill up their cars.
Summary:
________________________________________________________________________
3..Students should think now about what extracurricular (课外的) activities
they'd like to participate in. Participating in extracurricular activities may
help you deepen your physical, creative, social, political, and career interests
by bringing you into communication with other like-minded people you
didn’t previously know.
You can join groups as a way to get support from other students. A club or
group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you.
Lots of youth programs bring people together with those who are different as
a way to break down the barriers between people.
Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways, too. It looks
good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers you're well-rounded and responsible. Specific activities help with
specific goals.
The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do than staring at the wall, wandering the hall, or sleeping
all afternoon. People who are participating are less likely to pick up bad
habits, like smoking or drinking.
Summary:
________________________________________________________________________
【限时训练十六】
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Social Practice
Social practice has been more and more popular in schools. Senior school
students are asked to enter society and get some ideas of it. Surely, social
practice has many advantages. Firstly, social practice can offer students a
chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people. In this way
students can gain some precious social experience, which will be useful to
their future career. Secondly, students can apply what they have learned in
class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly. Thirdly, social
practice can bring them some financial reward and make them more independent of their family.
However, some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made. For example, some students get overly interested in social practice and want to
work full-time and earn more money, thus neglecting their studies. And some
students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society, which will
affect their future values.
In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know
their objective. They should put their studies in the first place and see social
practice just as a useful supplement(补充), so they ought to try to strike a
balance between social practice and their studies.
【写作内容】
1. 请以约30个词概括上文的内容;
2. 请以约120个词谈谈你对“社会实践”的看法，包括如下要点：
(1) 谈谈社会实践的重要性;
(2) 你或你朋友所经历过的一次社会实践;
(3) 你认为如何协调好学习与社会实践的关系。

【写作要求】
可以用事例或者其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内
容，
但不能直接引用原文句子;
范文：
Social practice enriches students’social experience , put their knowledge into practice and rewards them with money. However, it may affect their studies. Therefore, students should balance their studies and social practice. (35words)
Undoubtedly, social practice benefits students in many ways. Through social practice they learn what they can’t learn in class. Gradually they will become strong-willed, and enthusiastic in study and life.
Two years ago, I organized a team of classmates to a Charity House where we told stories to the blind, drew beautiful pictures for the deaf. The visit made me realize that helping others should not be only an empty talk and that life is worth cherishing.
Of course, we must strike a balance between study and social practice. After all, senior school stage is a vital period for students to gain knowledge. Therefore, I strongly suggest that we make full use of our spare time and holiday to participate in that.
【参考答案】
1. Summary: On arriving home at about two in the morning, the writer failed to wake up his wife by the doorbell. He tried to climb towards the bedroom window, but was found by a policeman. Soon his shouting woke his wife.(40 words)
2. Summary: Advertising can be useful when it provides customers with reliable information，while some advertisements are not the case as they are produced only to persuade customers to buy what they don’t need.(31 words)
3. Summary: The author (The passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way to improve students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people. (30 words)。