金融产品手册 第二版
汽车金融产品手册
汇中汽车金融事业部产品手册目录一、产品目录1.库存融资业务(1)租赁车辆融资业务(2)普通库存融资业务(3)单车库存融资业务(4)收车垫资业务2.抵押贷款业务(1)质押贷款业务(2)GPS抵押业务(3)债权转让业务(4)售后回租业务3。
消费分期业务(1)消费分期业务4.进口车短贷业务(1)进口车短贷业务二、附表附表1 营业部上传资料整合表附表2 汽车事业部产品标准费率1.库存融资业务(1)租赁车辆融资业务汽车租赁商户库存融资业务第一节汽车租赁商户库存融资业务模式定义我司对借款人及汽车租赁商户进行综合评定,判断是否给予客户借款权限及借款的最高额度上限,借款有效期为6个月。
开通借款权限的租赁商户,对其进行资料建档。
后期商户根据自己不同时期融资需求,我司对其名下的车辆进行技术评估,根据评估结果进行合理放款。
1。
质押盘库监管,车辆停放在我司指定地点。
2.车辆GPS监管,全款车放款监管车辆采取抵押登记或者过户,同时进行GPS监控.按揭车辆只进行GPS监控。
第二节汽车租赁商户库存融资业务流程一.建档授信流程建档二.放款流程第三节客户进件材料要求第四节客户资质和资料审核为了保证审核人员工作有效性,首先须对客户资质和申请资料的真实性、完整性进行核实。
初审人员须判断客户是否同时满足以下条件.1. 借款人为本地常驻人口,即要求借款人或其配偶有本地房产;2。
借款人年龄在20—60 岁之间;3。
原则上商户办理正式工商登记手续,营业执照、组织机构代码证、税务登记证三证齐全;4. 原则上商户经营一年以上;5。
商户有固定经营场所,并能提供相关权属或证明文件;6 借款人无经济性涉诉记录。
第五节授信及费率一.授信期限及额度判断1.首次授信期限为6个月,续签客户授信期限1年.2.授信额度根据客户车辆资产的50%进行授信.二.放款时间及费率1.放款时间为1—6个月。
2.还款方式:先息后本,可提前还款,提前还款金额由商家把控,提前还款日必须是当月还款日.3.费率:a。
公司金融(第二版)完整版本
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2、介于两种简单情形中的资产或资产组合的贴现率 (1)风险 定义:收益率最终可能的实现值偏离期望收益率的程度。
度量:方差和标准差 ,协方差和相关系数
(2)风险和资本机会成本的关系
期望收益率(贴现率)=时间价值+风险溢价 时间价值:消费递延的补偿 风险溢价:当风险性投资的收益超过确定性收益时,风险溢酬能
一、组合的期望收益
n
rP ir i
i 1
二、组合的方差和标准差
nn
P2
ijij
i1 j1
三、两种资产组合的有效集
1、可行集和有效集(高风险和低风险组合)
2、相关系数与有效集形态
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四、多种资产组合
1、可行集和有效集(破鸡蛋形状)
2、风险分散化的局限性
够满足投资者因承担风险而要求的额外收益补偿时,投资者才会 选择风险性投资。
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可能的情形
良好
A公司
预计收益率 概率
20%
50%
B公司 预计收益率 概率
15% 50%
正常
10%
30%
8% 30%
恶化
-9%
20%
-8% 20%
A公司期望收益率=11.2% B公司期望收益率=8.3%
11.2%)220%
=0.012076
B公司方差=0.007561
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协方差和相关系数
n
ij
金融产品销售系统_操作手册_资金管理(1)
第五章资金管理资金管理提供资金存取、转帐存取、利息结算、资金控制、流水查询打印以及一些特殊资金业务等各项功能。
§ 1. 现金存取现金存取图3-1功能简介现金存取款。
详细说明存取款前先选定币种类别。
资金帐号:输入客户资金帐号(可按F4或F5切换帐号输入方式)后,菜单左边会显示客户的基本信息和资金信息资金信息:前资金额:该资金业务发生前的资金当前余额。
后资金额:该资金业务发生后的资金当前余额。
已取金额:当天已取的资金金额和发生次数,包括现金和支票。
已存金额:当天已存的资金金额和发生次数,包括现金和支票。
可取现金: 客户允许取的现金。
可用金额:客户允许使用的金额。
录入信息:存/ 取:存款输入‘11’,取款输入‘99’。
(缺省显示为11)取款时系统默认需要输入密码,系统在输入99后会弹出密码输入窗口图3-2要求客户输入自己的资金密码才能进行取款操作。
操作类型:可选择该项业务是由客户本人操作或由代理人操作。
代理证件类型:可选择代理人的证件类型,包括身份证等,具体可查询系统数据字典。
代理人证件号:输入代理人的证件号,系统将检查代理人的代理权限,代理到期日及代理人证件号的正确性,以确定该代理人是否可正常进行该业务的代理。
发生金额:不能为负数。
取款金额不得超过可取现金。
备注:可以输入简要的备注信息,以便查询之用。
现金存取发生后,各项资金余额当即发生变动。
存款能打印‘资金存’凭条,业务标志为‘现金存’;取款能打印‘资金取’凭条,业务标志为‘现金取’。
取款的金额可受预约取款参数控制,超过限额需要预约后才能操作。
在界面左下角,可点击预约取款查询对该客户的预约取款情况进行查询:图3-3 现金支票存取功能简介现金支票的存取图3-4详细说明银行号:选择现金支票开据行。
封闭帐号:如果该客户存在对应银行的封闭帐户,则在选择完银行号后系统会显示对应的封闭帐户,否则为空,操作员不需要对该项进行输入,仅为提示用。
封闭帐户管理:银行账户与其资金账户建立对应关系,客户提取资金只能通过其指定银行账户进行,机构投资者没有指定银行账户不得提取资金。
浦发银行中小企业金融业务服务产品手册
浦发银行中小企业金融业务服务产品手册(总69页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--浦发银行中小企业金融业务服务产品手册前言建行以来,浦发银行坚持服务于中小企业,支持并见证了一大批中小企业的发展、壮大。
早在2005年浦发银行就将中小企业金融业务作为战略转型的重要目标之一:率先设立了总行中小客户部,在股份制商业银行中探索中小企业专营道路;2009年6月浦发银行新设总行中小企业业务经营中心,开启服务中小企业的新的里程碑,目前已在遍布全国的三十三家分行均设立业务经营中心。
浦发银行通过积极建立和完善支持中小企业业务发展的考核激励、尽职免责和独立核算等配套机制,并在资源配置等方面继续给予政策倾斜,提升全行中小企业业务发展的积极性;通过授权体系合理调整,给予分行经营中心独立审批权,优化了业务流程,在分行经营中心内可为客户提供一站式金融服务;借助政府出台扶持中小企业新政的有利时机,浦发银行与政府扶持措施充分联动,推出以平台式批量业务服务模式,为尽可能多的中小企业提供良好的金融服务。
基于多年来浦发银行对所服务的成长型中小企业在生产经营过程中的需求了解和分析整合,针对中小企业灵活多变的经营特点和快速发展中多元化的实际需求,浦发银行推出“助推器”产品系列——成长型企业金融服务方案,致力于为不同阶段、不同业务领域、不同业务模式的中小企业提供专业服务。
2007年浦发银行推出了“助推器”十大产品,其中组合授信通、循环融资易和网上自助贷是浦发银行中小企业金融业务的特色产品。
2008年浦发银行又创新推出了,共赢联盟、黄金水道和中期抵押贷三个新产品。
现将中小企业金融业务的特色产品和适用于中小企业的公司金融业务产品汇编成册,以便中小企业客户方案的定制及个性化内容的扩展,使得服务的标准化和个性化相得益彰,从而更契合客户实际需求,为成长型中小企业提供发展过程中金融服务,全面助力成长型中小企业提升持续经营能力。
CFA二级中文精讲(第2版)③
读书笔记
感谢两位编者,在疫情中度过了有史以来最充实的一个寒假,希望接下来的2020年可以继续进步![拳头]。
精彩摘录
NOI=房产所有房间都被出租所得的租金+其他收入-空置成本-收账损失-经营费用★
所以在远期合约期间标的资产仍归属于合约空头方,标的物期间所产生的利得,如股票分红、债券利息等, 均归属于空头方所有,而非多头方。
有别于均衡模型的是,回归模型等式左侧不再表示预期收益率,而是代表投资在市场上的真实收益率,并且 回归模型相较于均衡模型,自带残差项。
净营业收入是现金流的概念,因此在计算过程中,无须考虑折旧(非现金流形式)的影响。
远期合约双方可以通过盯市(mark-to-market)来降低信用风险。
对于FRA来说,一般使用先付的形式进行结算,对于互换合约和互换期权来说,一般使用后付的形式进行结 算。
CFA二级中文精讲(第2版)③
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 读书笔记 05 目录分析
目录
02 内容摘要 04 精彩摘录 06 作者介绍
思维导图
关键字分析思维导图
收益
交易
分析
数量
市场
投资
产品
第版
衍生
金融 管理
商品
中文
衍生
证券
策略
简介
第章
模型
内容摘要
本书是CFA二级的辅导书,共包括道德规范和专业行为准则、数量分析、经济分析、财务报告与分析、公司 理财、权益投资、固定收益、金融衍生产品、另类投资、组合管理10门学科的内容,每门学科内容都根据考纲展 开了详细介绍,希望给广大考生提供帮助。
FRA的多头方可以被视作将来有权利或义务以协议约定利率进行资金借入的一方,即借款方(borrower)。 因此他是支付固定利率、收到浮动利率的一方(floating receiver)
融资方法之商业银行
商业银行金融产品手册目录第一章个人主要金融产品个人住房一手房按揭贷款个人住房二手房贷款个人住房房改房贷款个人住房公积金委托贷款个人住房组合贷款个人住房押旧买新首付款贷款个人住房质押首付款贷款个人住房加按贷款个人住房转按贷款个人住房车位贷款个人商铺贷款小城镇个人购建房贷款个人住房装修贷款个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式个人汽车消费贷款汽车消费保证保险贷款个人耐用消费品贷款个人旅游消费贷款个人寿险保单质押贷款个人创业融资贷款助学贷款新婚贷款农用机械消贷款个人小额短期信用贷款个人小额质押贷款个人VIP综合授信教育储蓄活期存折储蓄整存整取定期储蓄零存整取定期储蓄整存零取定期储蓄存本取息定期一本通本外币定期一本通本外币活期一本通个人支票储蓄外币储蓄定期(活期)储蓄通存通兑个人通知存款定活两便储蓄定期自动转存存款债券柜台交易及二级托管业务代理基金销售业务第二章公司类主要金融产品银团贷款票据贴现信用贷款保证贷款抵押贷款质押贷款有限追索权的应收账款购买无追索权的应收账款购买公开统一授信出口买方信贷进口买信贷国内买方信贷金融租赁法人汽车消费贷款单位存款财政存款保证金存款金融机构同业存款单位外币存款第三章代理类金融产品代理国外资金贷款业务代理政策性银行业务代收代缴业务自助缴费电子系统代发工资业务代理商业保险业务代理保管业务保管箱业务个人境外遗产托收代理企业资信信评价业务代理项目评估代理证券发行与买卖业务代理基金托管业务代理同业支付结算业务代理证券法人资金清算业务第四章结算类金融产品汇兑电子汇兑实时汇兑个人汇款特约传真汇款银行汇票商业汇票银行承兑汇票商业承兑汇票银行本票支票个人支票电话银行保付托收承付委托收款第五章银行卡类金融产品贷记卡准贷记卡国际信用卡借记卡国际旅行支票卡芯片卡第六章外汇业务类产品居民因私兑换外汇个人实盘外汇买卖外币票据托收旅行支票外币兑换外汇汇款光票托收出口跟单托收进口代收代理国际信用卡收单业务信用证进口信用证出口信用证结汇、售汇、付汇打包放款进口押汇出口押汇即期外汇买卖远期外汇买卖外汇调期买卖外汇期权外汇保本投资存款代客外汇投资业务利率互换货币互换利率期权代理客户风险管理代理客户资产管理第七章其他金融产品个人公积金查询服务存款证明书银证转账自助夜间金库企业银行远程终端汽车银行电话银行手机银行服务网上银行自助银行私人理财业务附:国外商业银行金融产品存款类超级可转让支付命令账户自动转账服务货币市场存款账户协定账户清扫账户股金汇票账户个人退休存款账户大额可转让定期存单货币市场存单国债组合存款利率与指数连动存款定期存款开口账户贷款类信贷限额循环贷款协议浮动留置权贷款仓库收据贷款同一抵押品住房抵押贷款可调整利率住房抵押贷款住宅股权贷款年金转换抵押贷款杠杆收购贷款自动贷款机贷款凭卡消费贷款资产证券化福费廷交易中间业务贷款承诺贷款出售贷款参与票据发行便利远期利率协议货币互换利率互换金融租赁金融期货金融期权金融理财服务第一章个人主要金融产品个人住房一手房按揭贷款定义个人住房一手房按揭贷款是指售房人为开发商的个人住房贷款,即银行与房地产开发商签订贷款合作协议,借款人以所购房屋作抵押向银行贷款,并由开发商承担阶段性保证担保的贷款方式。
《金融学(第二版)》讲义大纲及课后习题答案详解 第五章
CHAPTER 5LIFE-CYCLE FINANCIAL PLANNINGObjectivesIn this chapter you will learn how to analyze:•How much to save for retirement.•Whether to defer taxes or pay them now.•Whether to get a professional degree.•Whether to buy or rent an apartment.•How to minimize estate taxes.Outline5.1 A Life-Cycle Model of Saving5.2 Taking Account of Social Security5.3 Deferring Taxes Through Voluntary Retirement Plans5.4 Should You Invest in a Professional Degree?5.5 Should You Buy or Rent?Summary•In making lifetime saving/consumption decisions:(1) Do the analysis in real terms (constant dollars) to simplify the calculations and to avoid having toforecast inflation.(2) Start by computing the present value of your lifetime resources. The present value of your lifetimespending cannot exceed this amount.•Social security or any other forced saving program will offset voluntary saving. It may have a positive or a negative effect on the present value of your total lifetime resources.•Tax-deferred retirement accounts are advantageous because they allow you to earn a before-tax rate of return until money is withdrawn from the account. They are advantageous if you are in the same tax bracket before and after you retire, and even more so if your tax bracket is lower after you retire. •Getting a professional degree can be evaluated as an investment in human capital. As such, it should be undertaken if the present value of the benefits (such as increase in your earnings) exceeds the present value of the costs (such as tuition and forgone salary.)•In deciding whether to buy or rent an apartment or a consumer durable, choose the alternative with the lower present value of costsSolutions to Problems at End of ChapterSaving for Retirement1. Assume that you are 40 years old and wish to retire at age 65. You expect to be able to average a 6% annual rate of interest on your savings over your lifetime (both prior to retirement and after retirement). You would like to save enough money to provide $8,000 per year beginning at age 66 in retirement income to supplement other sources (social security, pension plans, etc.). Suppose you decide that the extra income needs to be provided for only 15 years (up to age 80). Assume that your first contribution to the savings plan will take place one year from NOW.a.How much must you save each year between now and retirement to achieve your goal?b.If the rate of inflation turns out to be 6% per year between now and retirement, how much willyour first $8000 withdrawal be worth in terms of today’s purchasing power?SOLUTION:a. Age 40 41 65 66 80Time 0 1 25 26 40. . . .X X 8,000 8,000It is a 2 part computation. First compute the amount needed at age 65 to finance the $8,000 per year annuityin terms of today’s purchasing power.2. You are saving for retirement and you come across the following table. It shows the percentage of your current salary that you should save for your retirement in order to retire with an annuity equal to 70% of your salary if you have not yet saved anything. It assumes that your annual salary will remain constant in real terms until retirement, and that you will live for 25 years after retiring. For instance, if you have 35 years left before you retire and earn3.5% per year on your investments, then you should save 17.3% of your current salary.a. Fill in the missing number in Table A.SOLUTION:The method for computing how much saving is needed to reach the desired target (70%) consists of two steps:First compute the amount you need to have accumulated in your personal retirement account when you reach the retirement age. (We’ll do the calculations as percentages of real salary)Then compute the annual amount of saving needed to reach that future value59.79% if you have 15 years to retire29.62% if you have 25 years to retire17.30% if you have 35 years to retireb. Now fill in Table B. It assumes that instead of targeting a 70% replacement rate of preretirement income, your goal is to maintain the same level of consumption spending both before and after retirement.First compute the amount you need to have accumulated in your personal retirement account when you reach the retirement age. (We’ll do the calculations as percentages of real salary)Then compute the annual amount of saving needed to reach that future value85.41% if you have 15 years to retire42.31% if you have 25 years to retire24.72% if you have 35 years to retire3. You are saving for retirement and you come across the following the table. It shows the increase in the annual benefit you can receive in retirement per dollar that you increase your annual retirement saving in the years before retirement. It assumes that you will live for 20 years after retiring. For instance, if you have 30 years left before you retire and earn an interest rate of 3% per year, then you will obtain an increase of $3.20 in your annual retirement benefit for every $1 per year increase in annual saving. Fill in the missing table values.4. George Thriftless is 45 years old, earns $50,000 per year, and expects that his future earnings will keep pace with inflation, but will not exceed inflation. He has not yet saved anything towards his retirement. His company does not offer any pension plan. George pays Social Security taxes equal to 7.5% of his salary, and he assumes that when he retires at age 65, he will receive $12,000 per year in inflation-adjusted Social Security benefits for the rest of his life. His life expectancy is age 85.George buys a book on retirement planning that recommends saving enough so that when private savings and Social Security are combined, he can replace 80% of his preretirement salary. George buys a financial calculator and goes through the following calculations:First, he computes the amount he will need to receive in each year of retirement to replace 80% of his salary: .8 x $50,000 = $40,000.Since he expects to receive $12,000 per year in Social Security benefits, he calculates that he will have to provide the other $28,000 per year from his own retirement fund.Using the 8% interest rate on long-term default-free bonds, George computes the amount he will need to have at age 65 as $274,908 (the present value of $28,000 for 20 years at 8% per year). Then he computes the amount he will have to save in each of the next 20 years to reach that future accumulation as $6,007 (the annual payment that will produce a future value of $274,908 at an interest rate of 8% per year). George feels pretty confident that he can save 12% of his salary (i.e., $6,007/$50,000) in order to insure a comfortable retirement.a.If the expected long-term real interest rate is 3% per year, approximately what is the long-term expected rate of inflation?b.Has George correctly taken account of inflation in his calculations? If not, how would youcorrect him?c.How much should George save in each of the next 20 years (until age 65) if he wants tomaintain a constant level of consumption over the remaining 40 years of his life (from age 45 to age 85)?Ignore income taxes.SOLUTION:a. The long-term expected rate of inflation can be approximated by subtracting the expected real rate ofinterest (3% per year) from the long-term nominal interest rate (8% per year). The expected rate of inflation is therefore approximately 5% per year.The exact value can be calculated using:1+nom= (1+real)(1+inf)hence, the inflation rate is 4.854% per year.b. George has used the nominal interest rate to discount real cash flows. As a result, he has seriouslyunderestimated how much saving he must do to achieve an 80% replacement rate. The time line for this problem is:Age 45 46 65 66 85Time 0 1 20 21 40. . . .X X 28,000 28,000Using the real rate of 3% per year in the calculations results in a needed accumulation at age 65 of $416,569.30:The annual saving needed to achieve this accumulation at a 3% real rate is $15,502.92:So instead of $6,007 per year, George must save $15,502.92 per year. This is 31% of his salary rather than 12%.c. The time line for this problem is:Age 45 46 65 66 85Time 0 1 20 21 40. . . .Inflows 46,250 46,250 12,000 12,000Outflows C CIf George wants to maintain a constant level of consumption both before and after retirement, he must find C , where C is the solution to the following equation:∑∑∑===+=40140212010310001203125046031t t tt t t .,.,.C Equation 1 says that the present value of consumption spending over the next 40 years equals the present value of labor income over the next 20 years (after paying Social Security taxes) plus the present value of Social Security benefits received after retirement.First we find the value on the right side of the equation, the PV of George’s lifetime resources:Step 4: Find PV of lifetime resources as of age 45:688,083.21 + 98,847.56 = 786,930.78So each year between the ages of 46 and 65 George must save $12,205.50, the difference between his income after SS tax ($46,250) and his consumption spending ($34,044.50).Now let us check to make sure that by saving this amount George will indeed have enough to provide the same constant level of consumption spending after retirement as before.Thus, by saving $12,205.50 per year for 20 years earning a real rate of 3% per year, he will have at age 65 an accumulation of $327,966.36.Adding this annuity to the SS benefit we get:$22,044.50 + $12,000 = $34,044.505. George’s company has a defined-benefit pension plan. Suppose the plan pays a benefit equal to 1% of final salary per year of service. George is 40 years old and has worked for the company for 15 years. His last year’s salary was $50,000 and is expected to remain so in real terms until retirement. The expected rate of inflation is 4%.a.If normal retirement age is 65, the interest rate is 8%, and Geor ge’s life expectancy is 80, what isthe present value of his accrued pension benefit?b.What effect should his pension benefit have on George’s planned saving assuming he has a 75%target replacement rate?SOLUTION:a.George’s last year salary $50,000 has a r eal growth rate of 0%, hence it will keep up with inflation untilretirement but not beat it. At retirement, he would have worked for the company for a total of forty years. Hence his annual pension benefit will be equal to 1% x (50,000x 1.0425) x 40 = $53,316.73. We must first find the value of those annual payments in the year when he retires, then discount that back to today.PV65 = $456,363.4140b.For a 75% replacement rate, George expects to have an annual income of 0.75 x 50,000 =$37,500 inreal terms after retirement. Since his pension benefit is providing him with part of his financial needs after retirement, he would only need to worry about the difference between his target income and what the pension is providing him, hence decreasing his planned savings before retirement.6.Analyze the “expert’s” responses to the following questions:Question: How early do you recommend people begin saving for retirement? Would it be too early for my 14-year-old to start saving?Expert: It’s never too early.Question: For a college student , what would you suggest for a savings plan?Expert: I’d suggest deciding on a specific a mount to set aside each month, then making sure you do it, no matter the temptations not to.SOLUTION:a.Because of the time value of money, obviously, the earlier you start saving for retirement the morevalue you’ll have for each dollar saved.Suppose you save $1 at age 15 and you expect to retire at age 65, this dollar will be worth at 8% interest rate $46.9. Of course there’s a trade-off because you’ll also be postponing your spending (enjoying life) to your retirement.b.Again, because of the time value of money, each dollar you save as a college student will earn youmore than a dollar saved later on in your life. That’s why, you must decide on a certain amount you can afford to save and stick with it.Investing in Human Capital7. You are 30 years old and are considering full-time study for an MBA degree. Tuition and other direct costs will be $15,000 per year for two years. In addition you will have to give up a job with a salary of $30,000 per year. Assume tuition is paid and salary received at the end of the year. By how much does your salary have to increase (in real terms) as a result of getting your MBA degree to justify the investment? Assume a real interest rate of 3% per year and ignore taxes. Also assume that the salary increase is a constant real amount that starts after you complete your degree (at the end of the year following graduation) and lasts until retirement at age 65.SOLUTION:Buy or Rent?8. Suppose you currently rent an apartment and have an option to buy it for $200,000. Property taxes are $2,000 per year and are deductible for income tax purposes. Annual maintenance costs on the property are $1,500 per year and are not tax deductible. You expect property taxes and maintenance costs to increase at the rate of inflation. Your income tax rate is 40%, you can earn an after-tax real interest rate of 2% per year, and you plan to keep the apartment forever. What is the “break-even” annual rent such that you would buy it if the rent exceeds this amount? SOLUTION:The after-tax annual outlay if you buy is:$1,500 + .6 x $2,000 = $2,700The PV of this is $2700/.02 = $135,000.The PV of the costs of owning are $135,000 + $200,000 = $335,000.The break-even rent is .02 x $335,000 = $6,700 per year.Buy or lease a car9. You have decided to acquire a new car which costs $30,000. You are considering whether to lease it for 3 years or to purchase it and finance the purchase with a 3-year installment loan. The lease requires no down payment and lasts for 3 years. Lease payments are $400 monthly starting immediately, whereas the installment loan will require monthly payments starting a month from now at an annual percentage rate (APR) of 8%.a.If you expect the resale value of the car to be $20,000 3 years from now, should you buy or leaseit?b.What is the break-even resale price of the car 3 years from now, such that you would beindifferent between buying and leasing it?SOLUTION:a.We have to compare the NPVs of the two alternatives:Since in this case, the car is costing me more, I should choose the first alternative of leasing the car.b. In order to be indifferent among the two alternatives, their respective NPV must be equal, i.e. –12,850.Hence, the PV of the resale price is 30,000-12,850=17,15010. Analyze the following newspaper column:“Many of us who started families late share a nightmare image: having to pay huge college bills just as we’re giving up paychecks and shouldering the ste ep costs of retirement. In fact, the double whammy might not be so bad, assuming the parents have prepared properly. On the plus side, older parents are likely to have enjoyed their best earnings years before the college costs begin, allowing them to put a side more than younger parents can. They’ve also had more years for investments to compound. In the ideal situation, older parents can avoid borrowing to meet college costs, taking the preferred route of earning interest on investments rather than paying i t on student loans.” (Excerpted from Jeff Brown’s Personal Finance column in the Philadelphia Inquirer, May 11, 1998.) SOLUTION:As it is mentioned in the newspaper column, ideally older parents can avoid borrowing to meet college costs provided that they had prepared properly and started saving early in their lives.However, one can argue that with no children in the household, parents have less incentive to save (and enjoy their younger years) and might in fact be faced with this nightmare image of having to pay huge college bills just as they are giving up paychecks.11. Analyze the following newspaper column:“What’s the best age for a person to start collecting Social Security benefits? According to conventional wisdom, retirement starts at age 65. I t’s true that full benefits don’t start until age 65, but 62 year olds can retire and collect 80% of their benefits.Take the hypothetical cases of John and Mary, who have the same birthday and who are both slated to start drawing $1,000 a month in Social Security benefits at age 65. On his 62nd birthday, John decides to go ahead and start claiming his benefits of $800 a month (80% of $1000). Mary decides to wait until she’s 65, when she can claim the full $1000. Three years later, Mary turns 65 and begins receiving $1,000 a month from the Social Security Administration. John continues to receive $800 a month. But he has already been paid $28,800 while Mary received nothing.Five years go by, with Mary drawing $1,000 a month and John $800 a month. At 70, John has received $76,800, compared to Mary’s $60,000. When they reach 77, Mary will pull ahead. So, it seems if a person doesn’t live past 76, it would better to start collecting Social Security benefits at 62. For those who reach their upper 70’s, it pays to wait until they are 65 to collect Social Security. (adapted from 1998, Atlanta Business Chronicle, Gary Summer Contributing writer, June 29, 1998.) SOLUTION:The analysis in this newspaper column ignores the time value of money. The best way to look at this situation is to assume an interest rate, say 5%.The FV at age 65 of the $800 payments that John was taking is:At age 65, when Mary decides to start receiving the benefits from SSA, John has been paid $31,003. Not $28,800 as mentioned in the article.Now, in order to see when Mary will pull ahead, we have to see how many $200 payments (=1000-800) are the $31,003 worth.After 250 month, i.e. at age 85 and 10 months, Mary will eventually pull ahead.Personal Balance Sheets12. Using the finance concepts presented in this chapter, construct a personal balance sheet showing your assets, liabilities and net worth.a.Did you value your assets at cost or at current market value? Why?b.Did you include your human capital as an asset? Why?c.Did you include deferred taxes as a liability? Why?a.I valued my assets at current market value because their cost is irrelevant to me.b.Even though human capital is probably anyone’s biggest asset, I didn’t include it in the balance sheetbecause it’s uncert ain, hard to quantify and I will need to make too many assumptions concerning the PV of my future earnings.c.Once again, I haven’t.Home ownership Over the Life Cycle13. Suppose you buy a house for $200,000 when you are 35 years old. You make a 20% down payment and borrow the other 80% from a mortgage lender. The mortgage loan is at a fixed interest rate of 8% per year for 30 years and requires level annual payments. At age 65, you plan to take out a “reverse-mortgage” loan which will allow you to borrow a constant annual amount for the rest of your life to be paid off by the sale of your house when you die. Your life expectancy is age 85. The interest rate on both the original mortgage loan and the reverse mortgage will be 8% per year.a.Suppose that you expect the inflation rate to be 3% per year and you can rent an equivalenthouse for $10,000 per year. Is it worth buying the house?b.Show how buying the house will affect your assets, liabilities and cash flow over the next 50 years.c.In Making the Most of your money, JB Quinn has written: “ Over the long run, the value ofhomes should follow the inflation rate. But over the time that you won your particular house, its value might rise or fall or stall. You can’t predict. But there are reasons other than profit for owning a house.•Mortgage payments force to save, while rental payments don’t.•You get tax deductions, and can tax-shelter your capital gains.•You’re landlord free.•You know the deep contentment of holding a spot of ground that others can enter by invitation only.•You won’t lose your lease.•You can renovate to suit.• A house is collateral for a loan.Comment.SOLUTION:a.In order to compare the two alternatives, we have to compare their NPVs.Buy Alternative:Basically, this alternative consists of buying the house now at $200,000 and selling it 50 years from now at its market value, accounting for inflation:The FV of the house is:The house will be worth : $876,781 when you are 85.Now, to calculate the NPV of this alternative, we have to discount at 8% to account for the mortgage and the reverse mortgage.Hence the NPV of this option is: -200,000 + 18,694 = -181,306Rent Alternative:We assume that rent will be $10,000 in real terms and hence must be discounted at the real interest rate = 4.854%Hence, it is more economical to buy the house.c. Most of the points mentioned by JB Quinn were discussed in this exercise, namely the fact thatmortgage payments force you to save and that a house can serve as collateral for a loan. She also presents in his discussion some “intangible” benefits from owning a house such as not having a landlord and renovating to suit.。
金融理财产品销售手册
金融理财产品销售手册第一章:金融理财产品概述 (2)1.1 产品定义 (2)1.2 产品分类 (2)第二章:理财产品市场分析 (3)2.1 市场环境 (3)2.2 市场需求 (3)2.3 市场竞争 (3)第三章:理财产品风险与收益 (4)3.1 风险类型 (4)3.2 风险评估 (4)3.3 收益分析 (5)第四章:理财产品投资策略 (5)4.1 投资原则 (5)4.2 投资组合 (6)4.3 投资时机 (6)第五章:理财产品销售流程 (6)5.1 客户需求分析 (6)5.2 产品选择 (7)5.3 销售策略 (7)第六章:理财产品销售技巧 (8)6.1 沟通技巧 (8)6.1.1 建立信任关系 (8)6.1.2 明确表达与倾听 (8)6.1.3 提问与引导 (8)6.2 谈判技巧 (8)6.2.1 充分准备 (8)6.2.2 掌握谈判节奏 (8)6.2.3 妥善处理异议 (8)6.3 客户关系管理 (8)6.3.1 持续关注客户需求 (8)6.3.2 提供个性化服务 (8)6.3.3 维护客户关系 (9)6.3.4 建立长期合作关系 (9)第七章:理财产品售后服务 (9)7.1 客户关怀 (9)7.2 投资建议 (9)7.3 问题解决 (9)第八章:理财产品销售团队建设 (10)8.1 人员选拔与培训 (10)8.2 团队管理 (10)8.3 激励机制 (11)第九章:理财产品合规与监管 (11)9.1 监管政策 (11)9.2 合规操作 (11)9.3 法律法规 (12)第十章:理财产品市场推广 (12)10.1 品牌建设 (12)10.2 线上线下渠道 (12)10.2.1 线上渠道 (12)10.2.2 线下渠道 (13)10.3 营销活动 (13)10.3.1 产品推介会 (13)10.3.2 优惠活动 (13)10.3.3 联合营销 (13)10.3.4 社区活动 (13)第十一章:理财产品风险管理 (13)11.1 风险识别 (13)11.2 风险预防 (14)11.3 风险应对 (14)第十二章:理财产品未来发展 (15)12.1 行业趋势 (15)12.2 技术创新 (15)12.3 市场机会 (15)第一章:金融理财产品概述1.1 产品定义金融理财产品是指金融机构根据市场需求,为满足投资者资产配置和收益需求而设计、发行的一种金融工具。
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商业银行金融产品手册
如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!商业银行金融产品手册目录如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!第一章个人主要金融产品个人住房一手房按揭贷款个人住房二手房贷款个人住房房改房贷款个人住房公积金委托贷款个人住房组合贷款个人住房押旧买新首付款贷款个人住房质押首付款贷款个人住房加按贷款个人住房转按贷款个人住房车位贷款个人商铺贷款小城镇个人购建房贷款个人住房装修贷款个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式个人汽车消费贷款汽车消费保证保险贷款个人耐用消费品贷款个人旅游消费贷款个人寿险保单质押贷款个人创业融资贷款助学贷款新婚贷款农用机械消贷款个人小额短期信用贷款个人小额质押贷款如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!个人VIP综合授信教育储蓄活期存折储蓄整存整取定期储蓄零存整取定期储蓄整存零取定期储蓄存本取息定期一本通本外币定期一本通本外币活期一本通个人支票储蓄外币储蓄定期(活期)储蓄通存通兑个人通知存款定活两便储蓄定期自动转存存款债券柜台交易及二级托管业务代理基金销售业务第二章公司类主要金融产品银团贷款票据贴现信用贷款保证贷款抵押贷款质押贷款有限追索权的应收账款购买无追索权的应收账款购买如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!公开统一授信出口买方信贷进口买信贷国内买方信贷金融租赁法人汽车消费贷款单位存款财政存款保证金存款金融机构同业存款单位外币存款第三章代理类金融产品代理国外资金贷款业务代理政策性银行业务代收代缴业务自助缴费电子系统代发工资业务代理商业保险业务代理保管业务保管箱业务个人境外遗产托收代理企业资信信评价业务代理项目评估代理证券发行与买卖业务代理基金托管业务代理同业支付结算业务如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!代理证券法人资金清算业务第四章结算类金融产品汇兑电子汇兑实时汇兑个人汇款特约传真汇款银行汇票商业汇票银行承兑汇票商业承兑汇票银行本票支票个人支票电话银行保付托收承付委托收款第五章银行卡类金融产品贷记卡准贷记卡国际信用卡借记卡国际旅行支票卡芯片卡第六章外汇业务类产品居民因私兑换外汇个人实盘外汇买卖如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!外币票据托收旅行支票外币兑换外汇汇款光票托收出口跟单托收进口代收代理国际信用卡收单业务信用证进口信用证出口信用证结汇、售汇、付汇打包放款进口押汇出口押汇即期外汇买卖远期外汇买卖外汇调期买卖外汇期权外汇保本投资存款代客外汇投资业务利率互换货币互换利率期权代理客户风险管理代理客户资产管理如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!第七章其他金融产品个人公积金查询服务存款证明书银证转账自助夜间金库企业银行远程终端汽车银行电话银行手机银行服务网上银行自助银行私人理财业务附:国外商业银行金融产品存款类超级可转让支付命令账户自动转账服务货币市场存款账户协定账户清扫账户股金汇票账户个人退休存款账户大额可转让定期存单货币市场存单国债组合存款利率与指数连动存款定期存款开口账户如有你有帮助,请购买下载,谢谢!贷款类信贷限额循环贷款协议浮动留置权贷款仓库收据贷款同一抵押品住房抵押贷款可调整利率住房抵押贷款住宅股权贷款年金转换抵押贷款杠杆收购贷款自动贷款机贷款凭卡消费贷款资产证券化福费廷交易中间业务贷款承诺贷款出售贷款参与票据发行便利远期利率协议货币互换利率互换金融租赁金融期货金融期权金融理财服务商业银行金融产品手册第一章个人主要金融产品个人住房一手房按揭贷款定义个人住房一手房按揭贷款是指售房人为开发商的个人住房贷款,即银行与房地产开发商签订贷款合作协议,借款人以所购房屋作抵押向银行贷款,并由开发商承担阶段性保证担保的贷款方式。
《金融学(第二版)》讲义大纲及课后习题答案详解 第七章
《金融学〔第二版〕》讲义大纲及课后习题答案详解第七章CHAPTER 7PRINCIPLES OF ASSET VALUATIONObjectives? Understand why asset valuation is important in finance.? Explain the Law of One Price as the principle underlying all asset-valuation procedures. ? Explain the meaning and role of valuation models.? Explain how information gets reflected in security prices.Outline7.1 The Relation Between an Asset’s Value and Its Price 7.2 Value Maximization and Financial Decisions 7.3 The Law of One Price and Arbitrage7.4 Arbitrage and the Prices of Financial Assets 7.5 Exchange Rates and Triangular Arbitrage 7.6 Interest Rates and the Law of One Price 7.7 Valuation Using Comparables 7.8 Valuation Models7.9 Accounting Measures of Value7.10 How Information Gets Reflected in Security Prices 7.11 The Efficient Markets HypothesisSummary? In finance the measure of an asset’s value is the price it would fetch if it were sold in a competitive market. Theability to accurately value assets is at the heart of the discipline of finance because many personal and corporate financial decisions can be made by selecting the alternative that maximizes value.? The Law of One Price states that in a competitive market, if two assets are equivalent they will tend to have thesame price. The law is enforced by a process called arbitrage, the purchase and immediate sale of equivalent assets in order to earn a sure profit from a difference in their prices.? Even if arbitrage cannot be carried out in practice to enforce the Law of One Price, unknown asset values canstill be inferred from the prices of comparable assets whose prices are known.? The quantitative method used to infer an asset’s value from information about the prices of comparable assets iscalled a valuation model. The best valuation model to employ varies with the information available and the intended use of the estimated value. ? The book value of an asset or a liability as reported in a firm’s financial statements often differs from its currentmarket value.? In making most financial decisions, it is a good idea to start by assuming that for assets that are bought and soldin competitive markets, price is a pretty accurate reflection of fundamental value. This assumption is generally warranted precisely because there are many well-informed professionals looking for mispriced assets who profit by eliminating discrepancies between the market prices and the fundamental values of assets. The proposition that an asset’s current price fully reflects all publicly-available information about future economic fundamentals affecting the asset’s value is known as the Efficient Markets Hypothesis.? The prices of traded assets reflect information about the fundamental economic determinants of their value.Analysts are constantly searching for assets whose prices are different from their fundamental value in order to buy/sell these “bargains.〞 In deciding the best strategy for the purchase/sale of a “bargain,〞 theanalyst has to evaluate the accuracy of her information. The market price of an asset reflects the weighted average of all analysts opinions with heavier weights for analysts who control large amounts of money and for those analysts who have better than average information.Instructor’s ManualChapter 7 Page 106Solutions to Problems at End of ChapterLaw of One Price and Arbitrage1. IBX stock is trading for $35 on the NYSE and $33 on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Assume that the costs of buying and selling the stock are negligible. a. How could you make an arbitrage profit?b. Over time what would you expect to happen to the stock prices in New York and Tokyo?c. Now assume that the cost of buying or selling shares of IBX is 1% per transaction. How does this affectyour answer?SOLUTION:a. Buy IBX stock in Tokyo and simultaneously sell them in NY. Your arbitrage profit is $2 per share.b. The prices would converge.c. Instead of the prices becoming exactly equal, there can remain a 2% discrepancy between them, roughly $.70 inthis case.2. Suppose you live in the state of Taxachusetts which has a 16% sales tax on liquor. A neighboring state called Taxfree has no tax on liquor. The price of a case of beer is $25 in Taxfree and it is $29 in Taxachusetts.a. Is this a violation of the Law of One Price?b. Are liquor stores in Taxachusetts near the border with Taxfree going to prosper?SOLUTION:a. This is not a violation of the Law of One Price because it is due to a tax imposed in one state but not in the other.Illegal arbitrage will probably occur, with lawbreakers buying large quantities of liquor in Taxfree and selling it in Taxachusetts without paying the tax.b. It is likely that liquor stores will locate in Taxfree near the border with Taxachusetts. Residents of both stateswill buy their liquor in the stores located in Taxfree, and liquor stores in Taxachusetts will go out of business.Triangular Arbitrage3. Suppose the price of gold is 155 marks per ounce.a. If the dollar price of gold is $100 per ounce, what should you expect the dollar price of a mark to be?b. If it actually only costs $0.60 to purchase one mark, how could one make arbitrage profits?SOLUTION:a. $100 buys the same amount of gold (1 ounce) as 155 DM, so 1 DM should cost 100/155 or $.645.b. The marks are “cheaper〞 than they should be, so the arbitrage transaction requires you to buy marks at thecheap price, use them to purchase gold, and sell the gold for dollars. Example:1. Start with $1 million, which you borrow for only enough time to carry out the arbitrage transaction.2. Use the million dollars to buy 1,666,667 marks (1,000,000 / 0.60)3. Buy 10,752.69 ounces of gold (1,666,667 / 155)4. Sell the gold for $1,075,269 (10752.69 x 100)Your risk-free arbitrage profit is $75,269.4. You observe that the dollar price of the Italian lira is $0.0006 and the dollar price of the yen is $0.01. What must be the exchange rate between lira and yen for there to be no arbitrage opportunity?SOLUTION:.0006$/lira?.06Yen/lira.01$/YenInstructor’s ManualChapter 7 Page 1075. Fill in the missing exchange rates in the following table: US dollar British pound German mark Yen US dollar $1 $1.50 $.5 $.01 British pound £0.67 German mark DM2.0 Japanese ¥100 Yen SOLUTION: US dollar British pound German mark Japanese Yen US dollar $1 $1.50 $.5 $.01 British pound £0.67 1 = .67 / 2 = .67 / 100 German mark DM2.0 = 2 / .67 1 = 2 / 100 Japanese ¥100 = 100 / .67 = 100 / 2 1 Yen US dollar British pound German mark Japanese Yen US dollar $1 $1.50 $.5 $.01 British pound £0.67 £1 £.33 £.0067 German mark DM2.0 DM3.0 DM1.0 DM.02 Japanese ¥100 ¥150 ¥50 ¥1 Yen Valuation Using Comparables6. Suppose you own a home that you purchased four years ago for $475,000. The tax assessor’s office has just informed you that they are increasing the taxable value of your home to $525,000. a. How might you gather information to help you appeal the new assessment?b. Suppose the house next door is comparable to yours except that it has one fewer bedroom. It just sold for$490,000. How might you use that information to argue your case? What inference must you make about the value of an additional bedroom?SOLUTION:a. You should retrieve as much information as you can about recent sales of comparable homes. If you canconvince the assessor’s office that your home is comparable (and the market value of the recent sales is less than $525,000) you should have a good case. You can gather the information about home sales from a real estate broker.b. The difference between your house’s assessed value and the actual market value of the home next door is$35,000 ($525,000 - $490,000). If you can convince the tax assessor’s office that the value of a bedroom is less than $35,000, then the assessor must agree that your home is worth less than $525,000. For example, if comparable sales figures show that one additional bedroom (all else reasonably equivalent) is worth only $10,000, then you should be able to argue that your home is worth $500,000 rather than $525,000.7. The P/E ratio of ITT Corporation is currently 6 while the P/E ratio of the S&P 500 is 10. What might account for the difference? SOLUTION: There are several possible reasons:? ITT may be riskier than the S&P500 either because it is in a relatively risky industry or has a relatively higherdebt ratio.? ITT’s reported earnings may be higher than they are expected to be in the future, or they may be inflated due tospecial accounting methods used by ITT.Instructor’s ManualChapter 7 Page 1088. Suppose you are chief financial officer of a private toy company. The chief executive officer has asked you to come up with an estimate for the company’s price per share. Your company’s earnings per share were $2.00 in the year just ended. You know that you should look at public company comparables, however, they seem to fall into two camps. Those with P/E ratios of 8x earnings and those with P/E ratios of 14x earnings. You are perplexed at the difference until you notice that on average, the lower P/E companies have higher leverage than the higher P/E group. The 8x P/E group has a debt/equity ratio of 2:1. The 14x P/E group has a debt/equityratio of 1:1. If your toy company has a debt/equity ratio of 1.5:1, what might you tell the CEO about your company’s equity value per share? SOLUTION:It would be reasonable to apply a P/E of 11x earnings (= (8 + 14) / 2) because your leverage is midway between the two groups. Hence, your company’s price per share would be: 11x $2.00 = $22.00 per share.9. Assume that you have operated your business for 15 years. Sales for the most recent fiscal year were $12,000,000. Net income for the most recent fiscal year was $1,000,000. Your book value is $10,500,000. A similar company recently sold for the following statistics: Multiple of Sales: 0.8x Multiple of Net Income 12x Multiple of Book Value 0.9xa. What is an appropriate range of value for your company?b. If you know that your company has future investment opportunities that are far more profitable than thecompany above, what does that say about your company’s likely valuation? SOLUTION:a. Multiple of Sales: .8x = $12 million x .8 Multiple of Net Income 12x = $1 million x 12 Multiple of Book Value .9x = $10.5 million x .9 An appropriate range might be 9 to 12 millionb. Higher end of the range = $9.6 million = $12 million = $9.45 millionEfficient Markets Hypothesis10. The price of Fuddy Co. stock recently jumped when the sudden unexpected death of its CEO was announced. What might account for such a market reaction?SOLUTION:Investors may believe that the company’s future prospects look better(i.e., either higher earnings or less risky) without the deceased CEO.11. Your analysis leads you to believe that the price of Outel’s stock should be $25 per share. Its current market price is $30.a. If you do not believe that you have access to special information about the company, what do you do?b. If you are an analyst with much better than average information, what do you do?SOLUTION:a. If you believe that the market for Outel stock is an informationally efficient one then the $30 market price(which is a weighted average of the valuations of all analysts) is the best estimate of the stock’s true value. You should question whether your own analysis is correct.b. You sell the stock because you think you have superior information. Real Interest Rate Parity12. Assume that the world-wide risk-free real rate of interest is 3% per year. Inflation in Switzerland is 2% per year and in the United States it is 5% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation, what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Swiss francs and in US dollars?SOLUTION: Switzerland: (1.03 x 1.02) =1.0506 hence nominal interest rate = 5.06% US: (1.03 x 1.05) = 1 .0815 hence nominal interest rate = 8.15%Instructor’s ManualChapter 7 Page 109Integrative Problem13. Suppose an aunt has passed away and bequeathed to you and your siblings (one brother, one sister) a variety of assets. The original cost of these assets follows:ITEM COST WHEN PURCHASEDJewelry $500 by Grandmother 75 years ago House 1,200,000 10 years ago Stocks and Bonds 1,000,000 3 years ago Vintage (used) Car 200,000 2 months ago Furniture 15,000 various dates during last 40 yearsBecause you are taking a course in finance, your siblings put you in charge of dividing the assets fairly among the three of you. Before you start, your brother approaches you and says: “I’d really like the car for myself, so when you divide up the assets, just give me the car and deduct the $200,000 from my share.〞Hearing that, your sister says: “That sounds fair, because I really like the jewelry and you can assign that to me and deduct the $500 from my share.〞You have always loved your aunt’s house and its furnishings, so you would like to keep the house and the furniture.a. How do you respond to your brother and sister’s requests? Justify your responses.b. How would you go about determining appropriate values for each asset?SOLUTION:a. Because the market price of the car is close to the what your brother is willing to give up for it, your brother’srequest is reasonable. It is, however, quite possible (even likely), that the antique jewelry is worth much more today than what your relative’s grandmother paid for it in the past. Assigning only its acquisition cost to your sister’s share is quite likely a gross miscalculation. If she wants the jewelry, she should be “charged〞 an amount equal to today’s market value. It does not matter that your sister does not want to sell the jewelry for a profit, because the jewelry has VALUE even if you do not sell it. Fairness is all about equal VALUE.b. You would probably have to hire a professional appraiser for the furniture and the jewelry. You can look up thevalue of the stocks and bonds in a financial newspaper. You can estimate the value of the house by inquiring for how much similar houses in the same neighborhood have recently been sold. The car was purchased only twomonths ago, so it is probably reasonable to assume that the current market price is very close to what your distant relative paid for the car. Instructor’s ManualChapter 7 Page 110。
金融学(第二版)_精编版_(货币银行学(第四版))_编著_黄达_课后习题参考答案
第一章货币与货币制度1.钱、货币、通货、现金是一回事吗?银行卡是货币吗?答:(1)钱、货币、通货、现金不是一回事,虽然其内容有所重叠,但这几个概念之间是有区别的。
钱是人们对货币的俗称。
经济学中被称为货币的东西,就是在日常人们生活中被称为钱的东西。
货币是由国家法律规定的,在商品劳务交易中或债务清偿中被社会普遍接受的东西。
通货即流通中的货币,指流通于银行体系外的货币。
现金就是指家庭个人、工商企业、政府部门所拥有的现钞,包括纸币现钞、硬币现钞。
现金是货币的一部分,这部分货币的流动性强,使用频率高,对人们日常消费影响大。
(2)银行卡亦称“塑料货币”,是由银行发行,供客户办理存取款等业务的新型服务工具的总称,包括信用卡、支票卡、记账卡、自动出纳机卡、灵光卡等。
各种银行卡是用塑料制作的,可用于存取款和转账支付。
现在,特别在西方发达国家,各种银行卡正逐步取代现钞和支票,成为经济生活中广泛运用的支付工具。
因此,在现代社会银行卡也属于货币。
2.社会经济生活中为什么离不开货币?为什么自古至今,人们又往往把金钱看作是万恶之源?答:(1)社会经济生活离不开货币,货币的产生和发展都有其客观必然性。
物物交换的局限性要求有某种商品充当共同的、一般的等价物,而金银的特性决定其成为货币的天然材料。
作为货币的金银等贵金属,便于携带、铸造和分割,大大推动了商品经济的发展。
随着经济的发展,货币形态不断发生变化。
经历了实物货币阶段、贵金属货币阶段、代用货币阶段和信用货币阶段。
当今货币正朝着专门化、无体化、扩张化、电子化的趋势发展。
但不管货币的具体形态如何,都是媒介商品经济所必需的。
货币节省了社会劳动,促进了市场经济的有效率的发展。
对货币的使用是实现市场对资源合理配置的必要条件,也是市场经济正常运行的必要条件。
从这个意义上说,市场经济实际上是一种货币经济:货币方便了市场交换,提高了市场效率;货币保证了社会需求的实现,促进了市场对资源的有效配置。
金融产品销售合规手册
金融产品销售合规手册是金融行业中非常重要的文件,它为金融机构和从业人员提供了规范和指导,以确保他们在金融产品销售过程中的合规性。
本文将探讨的重要性、内容以及如何制定和执行该手册。
首先,的重要性不容忽视。
随着金融市场的快速发展和金融产品创新的增加,金融机构和从业人员面临着更多的合规风险和监管压力。
合规手册作为一项制度化的规范,可以帮助金融机构和从业人员遵守行业规则和法律法规,减少违规行为的发生,保护投资者的合法权益,维护金融市场秩序和稳定。
其次,的内容应包括以下几个方面。
首先是客户准入标准,即金融机构应对客户进行风险评估,确保他们具备相应的投资能力和风险承受能力。
其次是产品信息披露要求,金融机构应提供充分、准确、及时的产品信息,让投资者能够全面了解产品的特点、风险和费用。
第三是销售过程管理,包括开展客户适当性评估、明确投资者意愿、防范欺诈销售行为等。
第四是投资者保护措施,金融机构应建立完善的客户风险警示和投诉处理机制,保护投资者权益。
制定和执行需要一些基本原则和步骤。
首先,金融机构应根据自身业务特点和市场环境,制定符合监管要求的合规制度和流程。
其次,制定合规手册需要综合考虑各方利益,包括金融机构、从业人员和投资者等。
在制定过程中,可以邀请相关专家和机构进行法律风险评估和合规建议。
最后,执行合规手册应制定明确的责任和监督机制,确保各项合规措施得以有效执行。
同时,金融机构还需定期对合规手册进行评估和更新,及时跟进监管要求和市场变化。
的制定和执行对金融机构和从业人员来说都是一项挑战。
首先,需要金融机构高度重视合规管理,将其作为公司治理的一部分,并投入足够的资源和人力进行实施。
其次,从业人员需要具备良好的合规意识和职业道德,严格按照合规手册的规定开展业务活动。
此外,监管机构也要加强监督检查力度,对存在违规行为的金融机构和从业人员进行严肃处理,以维护市场秩序和投资者利益。
综上所述,在金融行业中具有重要的地位和作用。
金融产品风险评估与管理手册
金融产品风险评估与管理手册第一章风险评估概述 (2)1.1 风险评估的定义与目的 (2)1.2 风险评估的原则与方法 (2)1.2.1 风险评估的原则 (2)1.2.2 风险评估的方法 (3)第二章金融产品风险类型 (3)2.1 市场风险 (3)2.2 信用风险 (3)2.3 流动性风险 (3)2.4 操作风险 (4)第三章风险评估流程与方法 (4)3.1 风险识别 (4)3.2 风险度量 (4)3.3 风险评估 (5)3.4 风险排序 (5)第四章金融产品风险监测 (5)4.1 风险监测指标体系 (5)4.2 风险监测流程 (6)4.3 风险预警机制 (6)第五章风险控制与缓释 (7)5.1 风险控制策略 (7)5.2 风险缓释措施 (7)5.3 风险控制与缓释的实施 (8)第六章风险管理体系构建 (8)6.1 风险管理组织结构 (8)6.1.1 风险管理决策层 (8)6.1.2 风险管理部门 (8)6.1.3 风险管理团队 (8)6.2 风险管理制度建设 (9)6.2.1 风险管理制度框架 (9)6.2.2 风险管理制度内容 (9)6.3 风险管理信息系统 (9)6.3.1 风险管理信息系统框架 (9)6.3.2 风险管理信息系统实施 (10)第七章金融产品风险监管 (10)7.1 监管政策与法规 (10)7.2 监管部门的监管要求 (10)7.3 金融产品风险监管实践 (11)第八章风险管理案例解析 (11)8.1 市场风险案例 (11)8.2 信用风险案例 (12)8.3 流动性风险案例 (12)8.4 操作风险案例 (13)第九章金融产品风险管理与绩效 (13)9.1 风险管理与绩效的关系 (13)9.2 风险管理绩效评价指标 (14)9.3 风险管理绩效改进措施 (14)第十章金融科技与风险管理 (15)10.1 金融科技的发展趋势 (15)10.2 金融科技在风险管理中的应用 (15)10.3 金融科技风险防范 (16)第十一章国际金融产品风险管理 (16)11.1 国际金融市场的风险特征 (16)11.2 国际金融产品风险管理策略 (17)11.3 国际金融产品风险监管 (17)第十二章金融产品风险管理与可持续发展 (18)12.1 风险管理与企业可持续发展 (18)12.2 绿色金融与风险管理 (18)12.3 金融产品风险管理的创新与发展 (19)第一章风险评估概述1.1 风险评估的定义与目的风险评估(Risk Assessment)是风险管理的一个重要环节,它旨在识别、分析和评价可能对人员、财产或环境造成潜在危害的事件。
金融产品手册 第二版
产品手册第一章个人主要金融产品个人住房押旧买新首付款贷款定义个人住房押旧买新首付款贷款,是“零首付”贷款的一种。
是指借款人将拥有完全产权的旧住房做抵押,向我公司申请购买新住房首付款的贷款。
旧房可以是商品房、私房及允许上市交易的公房、房改房和经济适用房。
特点受众广泛,容易推广。
贷款额度、期限和利率贷款额度一般不得超过抵押房屋评估价值的50%,也不得超过新购住房价格的20%~30%。
贷款期限最长不超过一年;贷款利率按照人民银行规定基准利率的四倍执行。
还款付息方式还款工具上可采用银行卡或现金方式偿还。
在还款方式上可采用一次性还款方式和分期还款方式。
采用按月分期还款的,还款日期确定在每月的20日至30日,遇节假日顺延。
分期还款方式的计算公式详见《个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式》。
收益点可扩大个人贷款投放,增加同业竞争份额;风险防范要点1、对抵押旧楼要进行评估后确立贷款额度;2、对借款人还款能力审查要结合所购住房的所有贷款额度进行审查。
个人住房二次按揭贷款定义个人住房二次按揭贷款是为解决借款人因收入发生变化而不能满足生产经营的流动资金的现实问题,对于原先尚未达到贷款行规定的最高贷款成数或最长贷款期限的个人住房贷款而增加的贷款。
特点个人住房加按贷款是对同一借款人、且该借款人已贷款额度和期限均未达到规定的最高标准,可将我公司作为顺位第二债权人的二次贷款。
且只针对高端搞价值商住用房。
额度、期限和利率二次按揭贷款的最高额度为贷款时住房市场净值乘以最高按揭成数减去未偿还贷款本金;延长后的还款期限不超过银行最长贷款期限;贷款利率执行人民银行对我公司规定的贷款利率。
还款方式在还款工具上可采用转账或现金方式偿还。
在还款方式上可采用一次性还款方式和分期还款方式。
采用按月分期还款的,还款日确定在每月的20日至30日,遇节假日顺延。
分期还款方式的计算公式详见《个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式》。
收益点1、可增加高端个人住房贷款投放,提高同业竞争水平;2、由于是对较高端客户办理住房抵押贷款,有利于控制风险;3、可促进我公司中间业务发展。
商业银行金融产品手册目录
商业银行金融产品手册目录第一篇:商业银行金融产品手册目录商业银行金融产品手册目录第一章个人主要金融产品个人住房一手房按揭贷款个人住房二手房贷款个人住房房改房贷款个人住房公积金委托贷款个人住房组合贷款个人住房押旧买新首付款贷款个人住房质押首付款贷款个人住房加按贷款个人住房转按贷款个人住房车位贷款个人商铺贷款小城镇个人购建房贷款个人住房装修贷款个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式个人汽车消费贷款汽车消费保证保险贷款个人耐用消费品贷款个人旅游消费贷款个人寿险保单质押贷款个人创业融资贷款助学贷款新婚贷款农用机械消贷款个人小额短期信用贷款个人小额质押贷款个人VIP综合授信教育储蓄活期存折储蓄整存整取定期储蓄零存整取定期储蓄整存零取定期储蓄存本取息定期一本通本外币定期一本通本外币活期一本通个人支票储蓄外币储蓄定期(活期)储蓄通存通兑个人通知存款定活两便储蓄定期自动转存存款债券柜台交易及二级托管业务代理基金销售业务第二章公司类主要金融产品银团贷款票据贴现信用贷款保证贷款抵押贷款质押贷款有限追索权的应收账款购买无追索权的应收账款购买公开统一授信出口买方信贷进口买信贷国内买方信贷金融租赁法人汽车消费贷款单位存款财政存款保证金存款金融机构同业存款单位外币存款第三章代理类金融产品代理国外资金贷款业务代理政策性银行业务代收代缴业务自助缴费电子系统代发工资业务代理商业保险业务代理保管业务保管箱业务个人境外遗产托收代理企业资信信评价业务代理项目评估代理证券发行与买卖业务代理基金托管业务代理同业支付结算业务代理证券法人资金清算业务第四章结算类金融产品汇兑电子汇兑实时汇兑个人汇款特约传真汇款银行汇票商业汇票银行承兑汇票商业承兑汇票银行本票支票个人支票电话银行保付托收承付委托收款第五章银行卡类金融产品贷记卡准贷记卡国际信用卡借记卡国际旅行支票卡芯片卡第六章外汇业务类产品居民因私兑换外汇个人实盘外汇买卖外币票据托收旅行支票外币兑换外汇汇款光票托收出口跟单托收进口代收代理国际信用卡收单业务信用证进口信用证出口信用证结汇、售汇、付汇打包放款进口押汇出口押汇即期外汇买卖远期外汇买卖外汇调期买卖外汇期权外汇保本投资存款代客外汇投资业务利率互换货币互换利率期权代理客户风险管理代理客户资产管理第七章其他金融产品个人公积金查询服务存款证明书银证转账自助夜间金库企业银行远程终端汽车银行电话银行手机银行服务网上银行自助银行私人理财业务附:国外商业银行金融产品存款类超级可转让支付命令账户自动转账服务货币市场存款账户协定账户清扫账户股金汇票账户个人退休存款账户大额可转让定期存单货币市场存单国债组合存款利率与指数连动存款定期存款开口账户贷款类信贷限额循环贷款协议浮动留置权贷款仓库收据贷款同一抵押品住房抵押贷款可调整利率住房抵押贷款住宅股权贷款年金转换抵押贷款杠杆收购贷款自动贷款机贷款凭卡消费贷款资产证券化福费廷交易中间业务贷款承诺贷款出售贷款参与票据发行便利远期利率协议货币互换利率互换金融租赁金融期货金融期权金融理财服务加息对市场影响分析第二篇:浅析我国商业银行个人金融产品营销浅析我国商业银行个人金融产品营销摘要本文结合个人金融产品营销的有关理论,通过解析各种金融产品营销策略,论述商业银行进行个人金融产品营销的策略。
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产品手册第一章个人主要金融产品个人住房押旧买新首付款贷款定义个人住房押旧买新首付款贷款,是“零首付”贷款的一种。
是指借款人将拥有完全产权的旧住房做抵押,向我公司申请购买新住房首付款的贷款。
旧房可以是商品房、私房及允许上市交易的公房、房改房和经济适用房。
特点受众广泛,容易推广。
贷款额度、期限和利率贷款额度一般不得超过抵押房屋评估价值的50%,也不得超过新购住房价格的20%~30%。
贷款期限最长不超过一年;贷款利率按照人民银行规定基准利率的四倍执行。
还款付息方式还款工具上可采用银行卡或现金方式偿还。
在还款方式上可采用一次性还款方式和分期还款方式。
采用按月分期还款的,还款日期确定在每月的20日至30日,遇节假日顺延。
分期还款方式的计算公式详见《个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式》。
收益点可扩大个人贷款投放,增加同业竞争份额;风险防范要点1、对抵押旧楼要进行评估后确立贷款额度;2、对借款人还款能力审查要结合所购住房的所有贷款额度进行审查。
个人住房二次按揭贷款定义个人住房二次按揭贷款是为解决借款人因收入发生变化而不能满足生产经营的流动资金的现实问题,对于原先尚未达到贷款行规定的最高贷款成数或最长贷款期限的个人住房贷款而增加的贷款。
特点个人住房加按贷款是对同一借款人、且该借款人已贷款额度和期限均未达到规定的最高标准,可将我公司作为顺位第二债权人的二次贷款。
且只针对高端搞价值商住用房。
额度、期限和利率二次按揭贷款的最高额度为贷款时住房市场净值乘以最高按揭成数减去未偿还贷款本金;延长后的还款期限不超过银行最长贷款期限;贷款利率执行人民银行对我公司规定的贷款利率。
还款方式在还款工具上可采用转账或现金方式偿还。
在还款方式上可采用一次性还款方式和分期还款方式。
采用按月分期还款的,还款日确定在每月的20日至30日,遇节假日顺延。
分期还款方式的计算公式详见《个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式》。
收益点1、可增加高端个人住房贷款投放,提高同业竞争水平;2、由于是对较高端客户办理住房抵押贷款,有利于控制风险;3、可促进我公司中间业务发展。
风险防范要点1、重点审查借款人二次贷款后还款能力;2、审查抵押物是否足值、房屋抵押登记期限是否与二次贷款后的期限相符;3、审查借款人信用状况,有无拖欠贷款本息的不良记录。
小城镇个人购建房贷款定义小城镇个人购建房贷款是指针对纳入国家小城镇发展规划的建制镇的居民个人购建住房时的资金需要而设定的贷款。
特点借款人可以是城镇居民,也可以是具有稳定职业和收入的农民。
贷款额度、期限和利率贷款额度最高不得超过所购建房屋价格的80%;贷款期限最长不超过3年;贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
还本付息方式在还款工具上可采用转账或现金方式偿还。
在还款方式上可采用一次性还款方式和分期还款方式。
采用按月分期还款的还款日确定在每月的20日至30日,遇节假日顺延。
分期还款方式的计算公式详见《个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式》。
收益点1、有利于扩大小城镇个人贷款群体,支持小城镇经济发展;2、有利于促进我公司未来发展需要和我公司中间业务发展,综合效益明显。
风险防范要点借款人申请建房贷款必须以建造竣工后的住房作为抵押物。
但在房屋竣工前和未办妥抵押担保、保证担保和质押担保。
个人住房装修贷款定义个人住房装修贷款是指进行房屋装修的个人,在我公司指定的装修公司进行装修时,从我公司得到的人民币担保贷款。
特点定点装修、自筹首期、有效担保、专款专用、按期偿还。
额度、期限、利率个人住房装修贷款单笔额度最高不超过《家庭居室装饰装修施工合同》装修总额的70%;贷款期限最长不超过1年;贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
个人住房贷款还款方式计算模式定义个人住房贷款还款方式分为一次性还本付息和分期还本付息。
其中分期还款又可分为等额还款法、等本金还款法。
等额还款法:每月还款额(1+月利率)×还款月数]÷[(1+月利率)×还款月数-1]等额本金还款法:每期还款额贷款期数+(本金-已归还本金累计额)个人寿险保单质押贷款定义个人寿险保单质押贷款是指借款人以其本人(或第三人)持有的具有现金价值的人寿保险保单作为权利质押担保凭证,向我公司申请的贷款。
特点是一种与现行个人存单质押贷款相类似的个人融资形式。
贷款额度、期限和利率寿险保单质押担保贷款额度单笔不得超过保单出质时现金价值的90%,最低不得低于2000元人民币。
金额以百元的整数倍确定。
保单质押贷款期限总体上不得超过一年,到期可在结清贷款利息的基础上提出续借申请。
贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
收益点增加了质押物种类,提高了保险资金的流动性。
风险防范要点注意出质人与保险单相关法律人的关系。
个人创业融资贷款定义个人创业融资贷款是指购买某公司指定的生产设备的个人,在落实了经我公司认可的有效担保后,通过该公司向我公司申请的贷款。
特点有助于借款人的创业事业,手续简便,安全可靠。
贷款额度、期限和利率1、对符合条件的借款人,我公司将根据其个人资信状况和还款能力,提供单笔额度最高为50万元(含),期限不超过3年(含)的贷款;2、贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
收益点支持创业,培植优良客户,增加综合效益增长点。
风险防范要点抵押担保的真实有效性;客户经营风险。
个人小额短期信用贷款定义个人小额短期信用贷款是指期限在一年(含)以内,金额在3万元以下的以个人客户为贷款对象的人民币信用贷款。
贷款额度个人小额短期信用贷款额度起点为1000元,贷款金额不超过借款人月均工资性收入的6倍,且最高不超过3万元。
贷款期限个人小额短期信用贷款的期限在一年(含)以下。
贷款利率个人小额短期信用贷款的贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
贷款期限不足6个月的,按6个月利率计算,贷款期限在6个月以上的,按一年期贷款利率计息。
贷款期限内遇利率调整,不分段计息。
逾期贷款按逾期贷款利率计收利息。
贷款实行按委结息。
聚卓一卡通贷款定义聚卓一卡通贷款时基于“一卡通”的电信返利变现功能前提下针对中端消费用户的贷款。
该项贷款涉及消费者、我公司、厂商、电信以及公众城市一卡通等。
特点1、是一种多方盈利模式下的贷款。
2、获得大量获客渠道,可以利用厂商的门店优势成为我公司销售的第一线。
3、获得厂商的宣传资源。
4、庞大的客户数量带来可观的利息收益。
5、“小额分散”的模式,为未来走向村镇银行助推。
贷款额度、期限和利率聚卓一卡通贷款额度单笔不得超过商品标价价值的100%,最低不得低于2000元人民币。
金额以百元的整数倍确定。
贷款期限总体上不得超过3年(既分期36期)。
贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
根据所依托的商品的类别、价值的不同科分为浮动利率和固定利率。
收益点1、增加了信贷产品种类,扩大小额贷款户数。
2、依托商户营销模式可快速吸纳利润。
3、享用商家宣传载体,推进我公司市场认知度。
风险防范要点注意审查审核消费者借款主体的还款来源。
个人VIP综合授信定义个人VIP客户是指在我公司对经过认证的个人VIP客户给予一定的授信额度,即客户自愿以个人名下产权明晰的商品房作抵押或以未到期本外币定期存单、凭证式国债、个人有效占有公司股权作质押,我公司给VIP客户在规定期限内核定消费信贷综合授信额度,在有效期和额度限额内,客户可以多次使用我公司信用;个人VIP客户综合授信项下的贷款一般不规定贷款用途。
特点1、放贷的比例高,一般为股权、存单、凭证式国债面值的70%;2、手续便捷,可随时申请贷款,无须反复办理抵押或质押;3、灵活方便,可分期分次申请借款,一次或分次还清贷款;4、可“欠旧账借新款”,只要贷款额未超过合同确定的最高限额,贷款未出现逾期,再借款时不必先还清前笔贷款。
期限、币种和额度1、授信有效期最长为1年,在此期间可循环使用我公司信贷资金;第二章公司类主要金融产品联合贷款定义联合贷款是由获准经营贷款业务的多家同业金融机构,采用同一贷款协议,按商定的相同期限和利率等条件向同一借款人提供资金的贷款方式。
特点贷款的数额较大,一家公司难以承担,由提供贷款的几家公司共同承担风险,贷款的收益也由几家公司共同分享。
贷款期限和利率贷款期限根据借款人的生产经营周期,还款能力和贷款人的资金供给能力由借贷双方共同商议后确定,并在借款合同中载明。
流动资金贷款一般不超过1年,项目贷款最长不超过3年,超过3年应当报中国人民银行备案。
贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
并在借款合同中载明。
收益点联合贷款的牵头者、代理成员均是平等的民事权利主体,但承担的经济责任不同,因而收益不同。
牵头者是指联合贷款的组织者或安排者,牵头者原则上由借款人的主要贷款机构,牵头者所占联合贷款的份额一般最大;代理成员是联合贷款协议签订后的贷款管理人,一般由借款人牵头者担任,也可由联合各成员共同协商产生,联合贷款发放的本息收回由代理成员办理,贷款发放时,各成员将款项划到借款人在代理成员的专门账户,本息收回时,由借款人按照协议规定及时归还代理成员,代理成员即时按比例划付到各成员账户。
风险防范要点1、联合贷款的组织、发放和管理遵守国家的经济、信贷政策和相关法律法规,符合国际惯例。
2、联合贷款必须担保。
票据贴现定义票据贴现是指票据(如汇票、本票等)的持票人在票据到期日前,贴付一定利息将票据权利转让给金融机构而取得资金的行为。
是金融机构向持票人融通资金的一种方式。
特点快速变现,手续方便,融资成本低。
贷款期限、额度和利率贴现的期限从贴现之日起至汇票到期日止,最长不超过6个月。
贴现金额每笔不超过1000万元。
贴现利率按人民银行规定执行。
实付贴现金额按票面金额扣除贴现于汇票到期前一日的利息计算。
风险防范要点1、必须向承兑银行查询、核实汇票的真实性,未经查询的银行承兑汇票一律不得办理票据贴现业务。
2、对有下列情形之一的,不得办理贴现业务:(1)承兑汇票要素不全;(2)汇票的背书不连续;(3)汇票内容涂改,有关签章不符合要求;(4)注有“不得转让”字样的汇票;(5)汇票金额、期限等不符合规定;(6)承兑行已发出通知停止办理贴现的汇票本身规定不准贴现的。
信用贷款定义信用贷款是指借款人不需要提供任何形式的担保,以其信誉取得商业贷款。
只针对经审查确认资信优良,能按期偿还贷款本息的借款人发放。
特点贷款凭借款人的信誉发放,借款人不需要提供担保。
贷款期限和利率贷款期限根据借款人的生产经营周期,还款能力和贷款人的资金供给能力由借贷双方共同商议后确定,并在借款合同中载明。
贷款利率执行人民银行对小额贷款公司规定的贷款利率。
并在借款合同中载明。
收益点有利于争取“黄金客户”。
风险防范要点要把握好发放信用贷款的条件,防范贷款风险。